A
ABCs of Doppler 164t
Abdominal contents, herniation of 40
Abdominal viscera, herniation of 44
Abortion, missed 29f
Accessory lobe, anterior 89f
Acoustic impedance 4
Acquired uterine abnormalities 188
Adequate placental circulation 123
Adherent placenta 99
Adnexal structures 225
Amniotic fluid 158
amount of 77
assessment of 114
consisting of fetal urine 111
formation 111
single pocket of 121f
Amniotic membrane 25f
Amorphous acardius acephalus 153f
Anembryonic gestational sac 105f
Aneuploidies 30
Angle of insonation 165f
Angle of progression 145
Anophthalmia 66
Antenatal care, part of 52
Antenatal period 148
Antepartum fetal surveillance 131
Anterior wall malformations 73
Anteverted uterus 178f
Aortic isthmus Doppler, role of 134
Aphakia 66
Aplastic uterus 198
Aqueductal stenosis 59f
Arterial blood flow 215
Arterial to arterial anastomosis 152
Artifact of full bladder 98f
Ascites 117
Atresia 70
Atrioventricular septal defect 44
Audible range 3
Automatic volume calculation 244
Avascular thin endometrium 193f
B
Back to basics 3
Banana sign 54
Baseline scan 240
Basilar decidual layer 84
Battledore placenta 89
Beads on string appearance 222
Benign from malignant
lesions, advantages in distinguishing 218
tumors, role of Doppler in distinguishing 218
Biophysical profile 131
Bladder distending abdomen, large 42f
Bladder wall 229
Blighted ovum 28
Brain 48
Breast cancer 106
C
Carcinoma cervix, case of 186f
Cardiac anomalies in first trimester scan, major 44
Cardiac structure evaluation anomaly scan, basic 49f
Cavum septum pellucidum 52
Cebocephaly 38
Cellular dysfunction, physiology of 125
Cellular edema 125
Cerebellum 48
Cervical
biopsy 186f
canal, fluid in 237f
ectopic pregnancy, diagnosing 227
fibroid 185f
growth 186f
incompetence 138
insufficiency 138
malignant neoplasms 186
stenosis 185
Cervical length 138
and funnelling, apart from 142
assessment prelabor 138
in prelabor and labor, monitoring of 138
measuring 139f
Cervicitis, chronic 185f
Cervix
and vaginal folds 31
cysts of 184
directions of 146f
enlargement of 185
from internal os to external os, length of 140f
measurements of 184f
mid-sagittal view of 140f
ultrasound evaluation of 184
Chest lymphangioma, external 68f
Chocolate cyst 212
Chorioangioma 107
Chorioangiomatosis 106
Cisterna magna 48
Clomiphene citrate-stimulated cycle 247f
Cogwheel sign 222
Color flow imaging 164
Complex adnexal mass 225f
Conception, retained products of 30f
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation volume ratio 70t
Congenital disorder 35
Congenital heart disease 72
Congenital hydronephrosis 117f
Congenital uterine abnormalities, diagnosis of 197
Conjoined twins 153
Cord insertion, marginal 89
Cord insertions 89
C-reactive protein 142
Cyclopia 38
Cystic masses, common 208
Cystic ovary 223f
Cytogenetic abnormalities 160
D
Dangling choroid plexus 59f
Deciding stimulation protocol 244
Decidua 85
Decidual layer, single 224
Decidual septal cysts 107
Dermoid cyst 213f
Dextrocardia 44
Diabetes 119
Dichorionic gestations 92
Doppler changes, sequence of 127
Doppler effect 5
Doppler findings 215
Doppler ultrasound, types of 5
Double decidual sign 22f
Dynamics of Doppler 164
Dysmorphic uterus 198
E
Early lethal malformation, advantages of 33
Ebstein's anomaly 45f
Ebstein's malformation 44
Echoes 9
Echogenic cystic mass 58f
chronic 225f
role
in diagnosing 229
of color Doppler in 229
ruptured 223f
ultrasound evaluation of 222
with yolk sac 224f
Elastography 143
Encephalocystocele 55f
Endocervical canal 184
Endometrial canal, continuation of 184
Endometrial changes 235
Endometrial lesions 200
Endometrial pathologies, common 192
Endometrial-myometrial junction 190
Endometriotic cyst 212
Endometriotic ovarian cyst 212f
five-layered 238f
in follicular phase of menstrual cycle 236f
in perimenopausal woman 179f
in transabdominal in adolescent girl, measurement of 180f
layers of 195f
outer edge of 239f
Endomyometrial junction 238f
Erythroblastosis 119
Eshre-Esge classification 197
Esophagus, segment of 70
Ethmocephaly 38
Exomphalos 50
Extralobar sequestration 70t
Eye abnormalities, common 66t
Eyeballs 66f
F
Fallopian tube 224f
functioning of 250
in reproductive woman 183
on ultrasound, diseased 217f
pelvic ultrasound 216
Fan-like image, produces 6f
Female reproductive sonoanatomy, normal 173
Femoral length measured 81
Femur length, measurement of 81f
Fetal abdomen 169
Fetal adaptations to hypoxia 125
Fetal age and size 47
Fetal anatomy, basic 47
Fetal anemia 161
Fetal arterial Doppler 167
Fetal biometry 76
Fetal biophysical profile 114
Fetal bladder, large 117f
Fetal cardiac performance 129
Fetal chromosomal abnormalities 158
Fetal circulation 124f
Fetal demise 161
Fetal distress, acute 161
Fetal erythropoiesis 161
Fetal fibronectin 142
Fetal heart 162
Fetal infections, diagnosis of 160
Fetal invasive procedures, ultrasound-guided 158
Fetal malformations 46
Fetal medicine practice, part of 158
Fetal number 47
Fetal oxygenation, normal 123
Fetal renal malformation 117
Fetal thorax 162
Fetal tissue 104f
Fetal venous Doppler 168
Fetal weight estimated 82
Fetoplacental blood volume 161
Fetoplacental circulations 84
Fetoscopic laser, indications of 162
Fetus
adaptation 125
discordant growth of 154f
immediate delivery of 169
in amniotic cavity 169
oxygen supply to 124
FIGO classification 189
First trimester
anomaly scan, advantage of 33
biometry 76
measurements 76
ultrasound anomaly screening 33
Fluid debris level 209
Fluid in endometrial cavity, case of 177f
Fluid-filled distended endometrial canal 108f
Follicular cysts 208
Follicular monitoring 206
Forebrain 26f
Four-dimensional probe 7f
G
Gastric tumors 106
Gastrointestinal tract 70
Genetic disorders, prenatal diagnosis of 158
Genital tract anomalies, female 198t
Gestation, advancing 168
Gestational sac 21
denoting 27f
measurement of 77f
implantation of 229
irregular 29f
measurements 76
Gestational trophoblastic disease 84
Gestational window 47
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone cycle 247
Grannum's classification 86
Growth restriction, Doppler in 123
Gynecologic tumors 106
Gynecological ultrasounds 173
H
Head and cervix direction 145
Head circumference measured 80
Head-perineum distance 145
Head-symphysis distance 145
Heart 49
Helsinki ultrasound trial 51
Hemangioma 67
Hematocrit 161
Hemi-uterus 198
Hemorrhagic cyst 209
Herniated liver 74f
Heterogeneous echogenicity 191f
Heterogeneous thickened endometrium 196f
Heterotopic pregnancy 227
Hindbrain 26f
Holoprosencephaly 59
Hydatidiform mole 100
Hydrocephalus 58
Hydrogen ions 125
Hydronephrotic kidneys 117f
Hydrothorax 68
Hyperechoic endometrial polyp 194f
Hyperstimulation 211
Hypertelorism 66
Hypertrophied cervix, irregularly 186f
Hypoechoic myometrium 104f
I
Image formation, basic principle of 4
Images produced 3
In utero treatment 47
Intercellular fluid 16
Internal vascularity, evidence of 108f
International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 188
Intertwin membrane 151f
Intralobar sequestration 70t
Intramural fibroid 189f
Invasive fetal procedures 158
Ipsilateral round ligament 211
L
Labor progression, assessment of 145
Lactic acid 125
Lambda sign 94
Laser photocoagulation 152
Lasmar's score 201
Lemon sign 54
Leukemia 106
Lignocaine 162
Linear probe 6f
Live embryo 228f
Lung cancer 106
Luteinizing hormone surge 231
Lymphangioma 67
Lymphoma 106
M
Macrocephaly 59
Mechanical index 16
Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 33
Megacystis identified on ultrasound 42
Membrane depicting dichorionicity, four-layered thick 94f
Meningomyelocele 55
Menstrual irregularity 206
Menstrual period, last 10
Menstrual status 181
Mesenchymal tissue 52
Microcystic congenital pulmonary airway malformation 69f
Microphthalmia 66
Midtrimester fetal anomaly 49
Mimic ectopic pregnancy 225
Mole-cystic molar tissue, complete 104f
Monochorionic placentation, complications with 152
Morphological ultrasound 242
Mucinous cystadenoma 213
Multiple follicles, peripherally arranged 207f
Multiple pregnancy 148
assessment of 27
diagnosis of 148
in first trimester, role of ultrasound in 148
Multiple vascular lacunae within placenta 101f
Myometrial invasion 203
Myometrial lesions, common 188
N
Nabothian cysts of cervix 184
Nabothian follicles, enlarged 185f
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 21
Needle aspiration 162
Neoplasms, benign 185
Neoplastic tissue, malignant 214
Nerve endings 56
Nontrophoblastic placental tumors 106
Noteworthy placental pathologies 84
O
Obstetrician and fetal medicine 50
Obstructive uropathy 162
Occipital encephalocele 55f
Occult spina bifida 57
Oligoamnios, moderate to severe 71
Oral ovulogen cycle 245
Ovarian and uterine arteries 215
Ovarian diameter, measurement of 243f
Ovarian torsion 214
P
Papillary projections 214
Parametrial invasion 104f
Parametrium 216
Partial mole 105f
Pathology of ovary, classification of 206
Patient care 15
Peak systolic velocity 234
Pediatric health in intrauterine growth restriction 128
Pelvis, transabdominal view of 175f
Perinatal mortality 121f
Peritoneal pseudocyst 219
Phenomena 106
Piezoelectric effect 4
accreta 99
in twin pregnancy 91
increta 99
low-lying 97
and abnormal 84
percreta 99
hypervascularity 102f
sonographic appearance of 84
thickening of 95
ultrasound grading of 86
variants of 88
Placental appearance and location 47
Placental bleeding 124
Placental development, stages of 85
Placental edge 97
Placental function, abnormal 124
Placental lobes, two 90f
Placental mass, posterior main 89f
Placental metastases 106
Placental size 88
Placental thickening 88
Placental thrombosis 107
Placental thrombus 108f
Placentation in monozygotic twin gestation, type of 92t
Placentation, type of 92
Placentomalacia 88
Polyp 200
Postovulatory crenated follicle 233f
Potassium chloride 162
Power Doppler ultrasound 5
Power Doppler values of corpus luteum 235f
Pre-eclampsia 167
Pregnancy
anembryonic 28
determine 30
failure 30
journey of 19
location of 19
loss rate, complete 156
multifetal 162
reduction, indications of 162
scar 20f
status 181
test, positive 29
Prematurity and growth restriction, cases of 76
Prenatal diagnosis 158
Preovulatory follicle 233f
Preterm premature, risk of 162
Pseudoperitoneal cyst 222f
Pulsatility index 167
Pulse Doppler, use of 12
R
Rays, arrangement of 8f
Red cell isoimmunization 161
Renal tract 162
Reproductive medicine, ultrasound and 231
Retracting clot appearance 209
Retrochorionic hemorrhage in early pregnancy 31f
Retroplacental fluid collection 96f
Retroplacental hematomas 30
Retroplacental myometrium, thickening of 95
Rhombencephalo synapsis 64
Rokitansky nodule 213
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists 135
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy, case of 226f
S
Saline infusion sonography 250
Sarcoma 106
Scan, timing of 20
Secretory phase endometrium 238f
Sector scanning probe 6f
Serious cardiac abnormalities 50
Single gene disorders, molecular diagnosis of 160
Spinal cord 57f
Spontaneous cycle 252
Stimulated cycle, endometrial evaluation in 248
Stomach, causes of absence of 71
Stuck twin 152
Subamniotic hemorrhage 97f
Subchorionic hematoma 30
Succenturiate placenta 88
Supracervical hematoma 30
Swiss cheese appearance 99
Systolic/diastolic ratio 166
T
Tension hydrocephalus 59
Termination of pregnancy 134
Therapeutic amniocentesis 152
Third trimester, diagnosed in 49
Thoracic region 68
Three dimensional ultrasound, role of 200
Time gain compensation 10
Tissue assessment, types of 143
Transabdominal approach 8
Transabdominal technique 162
Transvaginal approach 8
Transvaginal lubricated 173
Transvaginal technique 162
Trophoblastic cells, withdrawal of 158
Tubal patency, ultrasonography for 250
Tuberculosis 221f
Twin conception 252f
Twin demonstrating, abdominal circumference of 154f
Twin reversed arterial perfusion 153
Twin, ultrasound in appearing 149
U
Ultrasonography machines, high technology 231
Ultrasound equipment, recent 10f
Ultrasound transducers transmit 164
Ultrasound, role of 44
Umbilical arterial resistance 129
Umbilical artery 167
absent end-diastolic flow in 130f
Doppler reflects 167
Doppler, normal 129f
end diastolic flow in
reversed 130f
Urethral atresia 117f
Urine pregnancy test positive 224f
Uterine artery 168
Uterine contractions 249
Uterine lesions, evaluation of 188
Uterine pathologies, three-dimensional ultrasound in 197
Uterine segment, upper 20f
Uterine vessel 85
Uterine-bladder interface 102f
Uteroplacental insufficiency, stages of 169