Textbook of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Neelima Anil Malik
INDEX
Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, fc refer to flowchart, and t refer to table.
A
Abdominal fat 388
graft 390
Abducens nerve 577, 1059f
Abrasion 521, 524f
Abscess 54, 929, 930, 930t
acute 940
dentoalveolar 287, 930, 932, 965
periapical 930932
pericoronal 930, 965
around joint 375
drainage of 933
Hilton's method of drainage of 68
pericoronal 949
peritonsillar 961f, 963, 983
vestibular 944f
Absorbable sutures, natural 93, 103
Abutment healing cap 1115f
Acanthomatous ameloblastoma 764f
Acetaminophen 57
Acetylcholine 250
theory 170
Acid 116
Acid-base balance 44
Acid-fast bacilli, sputum for 1004
Acidosis 250
Acidulated fluoride phosphate gel 56
Acitrom 38
Acquired coagulation factor disorders 1149
Acrylic splints 541
Actinomyces israelii 51
Actinomycosis 375
differential diagnosis of 998
Acute dislocation 354, 408f
causes of 353
sequelae of 354
Acute extensive orofacial infection, management of 937
Acute infection 930, 932
medical therapy in 932
Acute osteomyelitis
compromised host 996
healthy host 996
Acyclovir 160
Adam's wiring 549f
Addison's disease 48
Adeno-ameloblastoma 747
Adenocarcinoma 784
Adenoid cystic carcinoma 843, 846
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor 747, 768, 769f
Adenosarcoma 784
Adenoviruses 130
Adjacent tooth
luxation of 298
removal of 298
Adrenal diseases 47
Adrenaline 176, 1145, 1173
Adrenochrome monosemicarbazone 1146
Adson's tissue holding forceps 75f
Adult cardiac arrest management 1174fc, 1175fc
Advanced cardiac life support 1154, 1172
Adverse drug reactions, management of 208
Agammaglobulinemia 939
Agenesis 898
Ageusia 1041
Aggressive lesions 797
Agitation 257
Agranulocytosis 286, 939
Air
enhanced column of 911
escape of 911
quality, monitoring of 123
resuscitation 1169
Airflow 122
Airtraq optical laryngoscope 246, 247f
Airway 237, 1169
assessment 271, 970
examination 218
maintenance, treatment for 518
management 274, 967, 974
obstruction 1165
patency maintenance 517
preparation 276
Akinosi mandibular nerve block 206
Ala nasalis dissection 882f
Alar fascia 943f
Albumin 45
Alcohol 116119, 229, 1089
injections 1028
types of 119
Alcoholism 928
Aldehydes 115, 116, 121
Aldekol fumigation 121
Aldrete's score, modified 263, 269
Alfentanil 257
Alginic acid 1145
Alkaline phosphatase 27
Alkayat-Bramley incision 393f
Popowich's modification of 365
Allergic reaction 137, 149, 159, 836, 1163
Allergy 8, 157, 158, 265
Alligator forceps 67
Allis tissue holding forceps 66, 67f
Allodynia 1041, 1051
Allogenic bone 686, 889
Alpha-interferon, administration of 798
Alveolar artery, posterior superior 1031f
Alveolar bone 928
grafting 888
classification of 889b
goals of 889, 889t
nonabsorbing 310
Alveolar compression alveoloplasty, simple 668
Alveolar concentration, minimum 251, 252
Alveolar nerve
block
anterior superior 194
posterior superior 192, 897
canal 1184
Alveolar neurectomy, inferior 1031, 1032f
Alveolar neurovascular bundle, inferior 322
Alveolar ridge
correction of 667, 674
evaluation of 666
lower 1089
Alveoloplasty 667, 668
after postextraction healing 669
simple 668f
Alveolus, fractures of 298
Ambu bag 1156
Ambulation 263
Ambulatory surgery 215
Ameloblastic epithelium 762
proliferation 764f
Ameloblastic fibroma 747, 770
Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma 747
Ameloblastic odontoma 753
Ameloblastoma 753, 760, 762, 801, 1193
conventional 761
extraosseous 761
malignant 761, 765f
metastasizing 761
peripheral 761, 764, 765f
American Academy of Neurology 1024
American Association of Maxillofacial Surgeons classification, modified 313
American Dental Association 164, 173
American Heart Association 164, 1154
American Society of Anesthesiologists 213, 220, 228, 258, 259, 266, 1154
Amides 171
Aminoglycosides 148, 149, 160
Amnesia 223, 226
Amoxicillin 45, 57, 153
Amphetamine 176
Amphotericin B 149, 161
Ampicillin 153
Amputation 1045
neuroma 1046f
Amrinone 1173
Analgesia 1041, 223, 259, 261
dissociative 256
moderate 256, 259
Analgesics 914, 1010
agents 225
anesthesia 257
Anaphylaxis 1158, 1163
Anemia 217, 286, 310
aplastic 26
Anesthesia 33, 396, 417, 418, 597, 605, 968, 1041, 1122
balance 213, 257
conduction 192
deep 269
duration of 172
endotracheal 268
evaluation of efficacy of 201
failure of 208
induction of 249fc, 267, 270
light 257, 269
machine 231
maintenance of 268
prolonged 203
protocol 1033
reversal of 257
short 265
Anesthetic 231
agent, pathways of 251f, 251fc
equipment 231
face masks 233f
implications 939
machine diagram 232f
mask 233
technique 188
Angina 8, 217
infarction 1164
pectoris 39
prophylaxis 228
stable 39
Angiography 25
Angioma 835
Angle fractures 606
Ankyloglossia 677f, 864
Ankylosis 375, 376
bilateral 378, 401f
bony 377f, 380f, 381
classification of 376, 399
etiopathology of 375
recurrence of 398
unilateral 378, 378f, 380f
Annulus of Zinn 577
Anorexia 829
Antacids 227
Anterior body
mandible 460f
osteotomy procedure 460f
Anterior disk displacement 410f
with reduction 352, 409
without reduction 352, 410
Anterior mandibular
body osteotomy 459
defects 1098
dislocation 352
Anterior maxillary osteotomy 475, 475f, 476f
surgical procedure for 475
Anterograde amnesia 530
Antianabolic effect 157
Antianxiety drugs 260
Antiarrhythmic agents 40
Antibacterial activity 152, 164
Antibacterial spectrum 156, 160
Antibiotic 229, 914, 919, 969, 1010
administration, principles of 151, 938
adverse effects 150
classification of 166
indications for use of 938
prophylaxis 39, 164
guidelines for 164
resistance 151
mechanism of 151
response monitoring 152
selection of 938
therapy 932, 937, 969, 974, 977
choice of 932
principles of 149
Antibodies, development of 1148
Anticholinergic 224
agents 226
Anticholinesterase 268
Anticoagulant 977
drugs 38
medications 40
therapy 8
Anticonvulsants 229
Antidiabetic agents 229
Antiemetics 227
Antiepileptic drugs 1023, 1025t
Antihistaminics 158, 260
Antihypertensive 228
agents 40, 42
Anti-Koch's therapy 8, 1005
Anti-Koch's treatment 1005
Antimicrobial 905
agents 148b, 989
mechanism of action of 148t
combinations 150
drugs
rational use of 1207
uses of 1208
mechanism of clearance of 149t
mouth rinse, uses of 133
plethora of 148
prophylaxis 150
therapy 148, 151
Antimycotic agents 161
Antioxidant 137
supplements 1077
Antioxidation supplementary therapy 1014
Antiparkinsonism drugs 229
Antiplatelet drugs 38, 1150
Anti-retraction valves 140
Antisepsis 104
Antiseptic 104, 119
solution 59
Antisialagogue
actions 226
administration 276
Antituberculous therapy 229
Antiviral antimicrobials drugs 160
Antral approach 550
Antral lavage 906
Antral pack 550
in maxillary sinus 550f
Antral polyp 898
popping out of 911
Antral puncture-intranasal antrostomy 900
Antral regimen, classical 905
Antral wall
anterior 1030f
posterior 1030f
Antroliths 898
Antrum of Highmore 897
Anxiety 44
and pain control, methods of 213
reduction of 411
Anxiolysis 213, 223
AO system 554
Apert syndromes 504
Apexo elevators 290
Apical junctional epithelium 1110, 1132
Apicoectomy 339f
surgical procedure for 339f
Apixaban 1150
Aplasia 352, 898
Apnea 269
Aprons 134
Aqueous quaternary ammonium compounds 117, 119
Arch bar 541
fixation 541f
Argon-beam coagulator 1144
Armamentarium 546
Arnold Chiari malformation 510
Aromatic ammonia 1160
Arrhythmias, cardiac 254
Arteriovenous malformation 703
Arthritis 217, 352
degenerative 352
infectious 352
Arthrocentesis 415
Arthrocentesis
indications for 415
technique 415
Arthrography 25
Arthroplasty 386f, 421
Arthroscope 417
camera 417f
Arthroscopic examination 420
Arthroscopic technique 417, 419f
uses of 420
Arthroscopy
equipment for 417f
instrumentation for 417f, 418f
Articaine 171, 173, 175
Articular disk 347
repair of 652
Articular eminence 345, 420
Articulatory system 345
cranial component of 346f
Artificial eyes 230
Artificial limbs 229
Asche's nasal septal forceps 78f, 79
Asepsis 104
Aseptic technique 104, 303
Ashley's operation 917
Ashley's palatal pedicled rotational advancement flap 918f
Asleep intubation 939
Aspergillosis 51
Aspirate 703, 716, 719, 736, 737, 738, 740
Aspiration 703
biopsy 726, 750, 751, 751f
prophylaxis 226
risk of 218
Aspirin 8, 38, 57, 1160
Asthma 116, 217, 263, 938, 1162
Atlanto-occipital joint extension 219, 220f
Atmospheric pressure 115
Atracurium 250
Atraumatic extractions 668
Atrial septal defect 165
Atrophic edentulous mandible 626, 628f
fractures of 627
Atrophic mandibular anterior ridge 690f
Atrophy, alveolar 664
Atropine 224, 226, 1159
sulfate 1173
Atypia 30
Auditory nerve 1059f
Augmentation genioplasty 463, 464f, 465f
surgical procedure 463
Auricular cartilage graft, use of 388f
Auriculotempora 1059f
Auriculotemporal nerve 365f, 852f
block 411f
technique for 411
syndrome 398
Austin's retractor 62
Australia antigen test 28
Autoclavable instruments, procedure for 55
Autoclave
tape 111
types of 110
Autogenous bone 686, 889
donor sites 890
Autogenous costochondral graft 390
Autoimmune disorders 8, 50, 840
Autologous blood injection 361
Automatic blood pressure monitor, noninvasive 241
Automatic external defibrillator 1156, 1156f
uses of 1161
Avulsion 522
Awake intubation 272, 276
Axial computed tomography scan, acquisition of 16
Axonotmesis 1042, 1043, 1044, 1067
Azole antifungal agents 162
B
Babcock's tissue holding forceps 66, 67f
Bacillocid rasant 121
Bacillol 122
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine 129
Baclofen 1026
Bacteria 107, 129, 134
indigenous 928
Bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity tests 28
Bacterial filtration efficiency 136
Bactericidal solution 59
Bacteroides 933
Bag of Marbles appearance 772
Bag-valve-mask device 1156, 1161f
Baillarger syndrome 398
Bain system 233
Ballistic injuries 522
Balloon
catheter 550
compression 1037
Barbiturates 58, 224, 225, 260
Bard vigilon 135
Bardach two flap palatoplasty 886
Bard-Parker blade handle 60, 62f
Bartholin's gland 814
Barton bandage 359
Basal cell 760
carcinoma 846
nevus syndrome 724, 726, 730
type 763
Basic flap design 1123
Basic life support 1154, 1160, 1169
Basic preauricular incision, modifications of 370
Basic subsigmoid ramus osteotomy 468
Basic traditional preprosthetic surgical procedures 667
Basophils 26
Battle's sign 531, 531f
Bayonet forceps 289
Behavioral therapy 412
Behrman's bump 467
Bell's palsy 1064, 1065f, 1066t
etiology of 1064
management of 1066
Bell's study 457f
Benign maxillofacial pathology, management of 1193
Benign nonodontogenic tumors 778
classification of 781t
Benign odontogenic tumors
classification of 747
origin of 746
Benocaine 187
Benzalkonium chloride 121
Benzocaine 170
gel 187
Benzodiazepines 58, 158, 224, 260
Beriberi 375
Beta-lactam antibiotics 152
Bicoronal incision 372, 372f, 383
Bicortical screw system 554
Bifid condyle 352, 375
Bifid uvula 867f, 868
Bilaminar zone, posterior 348
Bilateral cleft lip 875, 883f
closure, techniques for 882
morphofunctional classification of 872
repair 884
Millard's technique for 882
Bilateral fracture 627
condyles 645
mandible 544f
Bilirubin 568
Bimaxillary protrusion 476f
Binder syndrome 865f
Binocular diplopia 578
Bioabsorbable nerve conduits 1056
Bioactive ceramics 1113
Biochemical tests 532
Biodegradable osteosynthetic devices 552
Biohazardous waste disposal 145f
Biopsy 29, 338, 704, 750, 826, 1005, 1091
aims of 29
data sheet 34
forceps 417
indications for 29
margins of 34
methods of 31
procedure 33, 855
results 35
scissors 417
technique, selection of 750
Bioresonance hypothesis 1020
Biotransformation 172
Bipolar diathermy 86
Bird face 378
Bisbiguanide 116
Bisphosphonates, uses of 1005
Bite plates
anterior 413
posterior 413
Bivalve connection 245, 245f
Blair's four strips 1069
Blair's incision 365
Blanket suture 99
Bleeding 519, 534, 856
control 517
disorders 286
excessive 217
external 1140
internal 1140
intraoral 611
primary 1139
time 27, 1142
Blind awake intubation 383, 939
Blind nasotracheal intubation 276
Blindness 581
Blood 136
and blood products transfusion, indications for 49
bank 1148
borne
metastasis 1090
transmission 49
brain barrier 159
count, complete 26
dyscrasias 217, 286
gases 28
glucose 28
group 531
loss 1139, 1140
pressure 177, 217, 241, 249
monitor 241, 1157, 1158f
spills of 137
supply, peripheral 605
transfusion 989
vessel 563
fragility of 360
types of 1139
Bloodstream 927
Blowout fracture 576, 577, 578f
Blunt discrimination 1049f
Body
fluids, spillage of 55
fracture 606
mass index 327
osteotomy, posterior 460, 460f
Bone 157, 521, 713
craniofacial 778
crest 1132
cutter 71
cyst
aneurysmal 737, 737f, 738f, 781, 782
hemorrhagic 736
density 327
detached fragments of 621
gouge 72
grafting 99
interpositional 683
primary 889
secondary 889, 995
holding forceps 620f
implant contact 1110
loss
causes of 664
edentulous 664
metabolic factors of 664
patterns of 664
margins, smoothening of 334
marrow 117
morphogenic proteins 1189
plate 79
osteosynthesis 552, 553, 555f
regeneration 689
removal 330, 336, 706
two ways of 330
resorption theory 700, 701
scan 23f
machine 23f
scintigram 408
spreader 81
support, adequate 665
texture and density 321
thick 708
tuberculous osteomyelitis of 24f
types of 889
upper edge 1110
vascularity of 979
wax 1144
Bony impaction
complete 313
partial 313, 323
Bony tissue impaction 313
Border grafting, superior 682
Borrelia recurrentis 156
Botryoid odontogenic cyst 720
Botulinum toxin 1024, 1027
A injection 361
Bowl shaped defect 1133f
Brachytherapy 1094
Bradycardia 250, 269, 270, 1163
Brain 561
abscess 971
Brainstem, ventral aspect of 1059f
Branchial efferent fibers 1058
Brånemark's theory 1108
Braun's transantral approach 1030
Breastfeeding 217
Breath holding 269
Breathing 1169
system 232, 233
working of 232
Breathlessness 217
Brittle diabetes 46
Brodie's abscess 980
Broken line 332f
Bronchial asthma 8, 43
Bronchitis 8
Bronchospasm 1158, 1162
Brown's test 111
Bruise 523
Brush directional discrimination 1050
Buccal fat pad 914
Buccal flap advancement operation 915
Buccal mucoperiosteum, trimming of 917
Buccal mucosa 1089
cancer 1099f
schwannoma of 800f
Buccal nerve block 202f
Buccal pressure 296
Buccal space 947f
infection 947f
involvement 946
Buccal vestibuloplasty 681
Bulla ethmoidalis 897f
Bullard laryngoscopic intubation 939
Bullard rigid fiberoptic laryngoscope 246
Bupivacaine 58, 171, 173, 175
Buprenorphine 224, 226
Bur technique 330
Burns 375
space of 943
Butacaine 170
Butyrophenones 224, 225
C
Café-au-lait skin macules 789
Calcitonin, systematic administration of 797
Calcium 1173
chloride 1173
displacement theory 170
metabolism, disorders of 630
phosphate 686
sulfate pellet 1145
Calculus formation 816
Caldwell technique 681
Caldwell-Letterman osteotomy procedure 468f
Caldwell-Luc operation 906908
Callotasis 490
Callus, stretching of 490
Campylobacter fetus 156
Cancer
early stage 1094
hypothesis of development of 1090
Candida 151, 162
albicans 163
glabrata 163
infection 56, 164
krusei 163
Canine
fossa 900
infection 945f
involvement 944
space 945f
impaction, sequelae of 318
pillar 563
region fracture 605
Capnograph 242
graphical recording in 243f
Capnometer 242
Capsule tightening procedures 361
Capsulorrhaphy 361
Carbamazepine 158, 1025
Carbocaine 175
Carbolic acid 117, 727
Carcinoembryonic antigen 724
Carcinoma
in situ 1077
intraosseous mucoepidermoid 846
tongue 32f
Cardiac arrest 1158, 1168
causes of 1168
diagnosis of 1168
etiology of 1168
treatment of 1169
Cardiac compression, external 1171
Cardiac disease 37, 1168
types of 37
Cardiac failure, congestive 8, 39, 286
Cardiac massage, external 1171f, 1172f
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, immediate 1168
Cardioscope 241, 242f
Cardiovascular disease 37, 40, 263
Cardiovascular disorders 8, 1150
Cardiovascular system 174, 177, 217, 252, 253, 255, 256, 286
Caries, severe 285
Carnoy's solution 728
application of 713f
Carotid
pulse, palpation of 1160f
sheath, involvement of 970
triangle 1147
Cartridge
components of 182
contents of 183
type syringe 179
Cast metal splints 544, 545f
Catecholamines 176
Cat-scratch disease 51
Causative injury 522
Cavernous sinus 577, 977
thrombophlebitis 974, 977f
Cefacetrile 154
Cefaclor 154
Cefadroxil 154
Cefalexin 154
Cefaloridine 154
Cefalotin 154
Cefamandole 154
Cefapirin 154
Cefatrizine 154
Cefazedone 154
Cefazolin 154
Cefdinir 154
Cefditoren 154
Cefepime 154
Cefetamet pivoxil 154
Cefixime 154
Cefmenoxime 154
Cefmetazole 154
Cefminox 154
Cefodizime 154
Cefonicid 154
Cefoperazone 149, 154
Ceforanide 154
Cefotaxime 154
Cefotetan 154
Cefotiam 155
Cefoxitin 155
Cefpiramide 155
Cefpirome 155
Cefpodoxime 155
Cefprozil 155
Cefradine 155
Cefroxadine 155
Cefsulodin 155
Ceftazidime 155
Ceftezole 155
Ceftibuten 155
Ceftizoxime 155
Ceftriaxone 155
Cefuroxime 155
Cell rests of Malassez 700
Cell wall 998
Cellulitis 54, 287, 930, 930t, 948
Cementoblastoma 776, 776f
benign 748
Cementoenamel junction 287
Cementoma 748
familial multiple 748
peripheral 791f, 792f
true 748, 776
Cemento-osseous dysplasias 749, 791
types of 792t
Cemento-ossifying fibroma 777, 779f, 780f
peripheral 780f
Central ameloblastoma, types of 761
Central giant cell 797
granuloma 781, 782, 793, 795f, 796f
Central incisor 289
approach 194
Central nervous system 131, 173, 177, 214, 217, 252, 255, 936, 1053
Cephalexin 154
Cephalogram tracing, preoperative 469f
Cephalometric analysis 438
posteroanterior 443
Cephalometric prediction tracing 440
Cephalometric radiograph 379, 438, 1118
Cephaloridine 154
Cephalosporins 57, 148, 149, 154, 154t, 969, 990
Cephalothin 154
Cephamandole 154
Cephapirin 154
Cephradine 155
Ceramics 686
biodegradable 1113
Cerebellar artery, anomaly of superior 1020
Cerebrospinal fluid 30, 531, 562, 971, 1038
flow 1035f
rhinorrhea 568
Cerebrovascular accident 1167
Cervical
cysts 742
examination 406
fascia 951f
organization of 942
lymphadenitis 837
lymphatic system 1090f
lymphoid tissues 965
plexus nerve graft 1068f
spine 218
Cervicofacial actinomycosis 931
Cervicofacial division 1060
Cetacaine 187
Cetpimizole 155
Champy's ideal osteosynthesis lines 556
Champy's principle 556
Cheatle's forceps 59, 60f
holder 60f
Cheek mucosa 1080f
Cheiloschisis 863
Chemical agents 115
Chemical Carnoy's solution application 713
Chemical disinfection regimens 141
Chemical sterilization box 115f
Chemical vapor sterilization 113
Chemoprophylaxis 141
Chemoradiation therapy, indications for postoperative 1102
Chemotherapy, role of 1102
Cherubism 793, 798
Chest infection, acute 286
Chickenpox 130
Chin
lift 1169
procedures 486
retractor 80
Chisel and mallet technique 331
Chlamydia trachomatis 156
Chloral hydrate 266
Chloramphenicol 57, 148, 149
Chlorhexidine 57, 116, 118
antiseptic mouthwash 125
Chloride 27
compounds 119
Chlorine 118
dioxide 119
Chloroform 726
Chloroquine 148
Chlorous acid 119
Chlorpromazine 224
Cholestatic hepatitis 158
Chondroblastoma 786
Chondroma 352, 786
Chondrosarcoma 352, 1088
Chorda tympani 1059f
Christmas disease 1147
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 262, 286
Chronic orofacial pain disorders management 4
Chronic pain 402
heat application for 412
Chronic sinusitis 904, 905
complications of 906
symptoms of 912
Cimetidine 227
Ciprofloxacin 45
Circumzygomatic wiring 548
Clark's technique 680
Clark's vestibuloplasty procedure 680f
Classic trigeminal neuralgia, management of 1028fc
Clavulanic acid 153
Cleft
alveolus 890f
cyst, branchial 742
deformity, hereditary 864f
formation, theories of 867
lip 6, 496, 863, 864
and palate, multidisciplinary 877f
bilateral complete 874f
bilateral incomplete 873f
classification of 869t
complete bilateral 868, 883
deformity, spectrum of 868
formation of 867f
management of 863m 876
microform 868
repair, protocol for 879
types of 868f
nose
anatomy of 891
defect 891
palate 6, 310, 496, 863, 864, 869f, 875, 876f
classification of 869t, 870t
formation of 866, 867f
isolated 868
management of 863, 876
raspatory 65
repair, techniques for 886b
spectrum of 868
submucous 867f, 868
surgical repair 886
rhinoplasty 893f
Cleidocranial dysostosis 310
Clindamycin 45, 57, 164
Clonidine 224
Closed wound 520
suction system 84
Clostridium 151
botulinum 1067
Clot, fate of 910
Clotrimazole 58, 162
Clotting time 27
Cloxacillin 969
Coagulation
cascade 1141fc
mechanism 1141
pathway 49fc
tests 27
Coagulopathies disorders, hereditary 1147
Cocaine 170
Codeine 57
Coffin's caps 56
Col. Stout's multiloop wiring 538, 539
Cold 217
ablation robot guided laser osteotomy 1192
abscess 1002
hypothesis 1064
lesions 23
Colman's sign 605
Colorimetric techniques 52
Combination antibiotic therapy 152
indications for 933
Comminuted fracture, simple 607f
Complex airway, surgical management of 4
Compression dressing over wound, placement of 306
Compression plate 554, 625
designs of 554
Compromised host defenses 928, 928t, 938
Computed tomography 986, 1004
scan 15, 380, 408, 508, 936
technology 1182
Condylar agenesis 352
Condylar dislocations 633
Condylar fractures 375, 632, 639, 654f, 655b, 655f
classification 640, 640f
diagnostic findings of 644
displacement of 643
incidence of 632
management of 646, 647, 649fc, 656f
nonsurgical management of 647
open reduction of 650
prevalence of 632
repair of 602
surgical correction of 649
treatment of 646
Condylar head 408f
fracture 641, 644
Condylar hyperplasia, unilateral 431, 433f
Condylar neck 14
fracture 641, 644
Condylar overgrowth 398
Condylar region, neoplasms in 352
Condylar retractor 64f
distraction osteogenesis 394
Condyle fracture 606, 632, 638, 638f, 646
classification of 643f
surgical anatomy of 635
Condylectomy 383, 383f, 421
Cone beam computed tomography 319, 443, 1118
Conic dilators 824f
Connective tissue 1110
degradation 926
Conscious sedation 214, 258, 259
indications for 259
preparation for 259
Consciousness restoration 519
Conservative alveoloplasty, simple 668
Conservative therapy 613
Consolidation phase 490, 491
Constitute maxillary processes 866
Contact lenses 230
Continuous positive airway pressure 269
Contraceptive pills 229
Contusion 523
types of 523
Conventional radiography 936, 985
Core needle biopsy 32
Coronal incision 589
Coronal synostosis, frontal distraction for 512f
Coronary artery 177
bypass grafting 37
disease 37, 39
Coronectomy 335, 335f
basis for 335
Coronoid fractures 596
Coronoidectomy 384f, 385
contralateral 382
extraoral 386f
ipsilateral 382
Corticotomy 490
Cosmetic 229
deformity 858
scar 618f
surgery 4
Costen's syndrome 401
Costochondral graft 382
Co-trimoxazole 159
Cough 217
Coumarins 38
Coupland elevator 333
Coxiella 156
Coxsackie virus infections 131
Cranial distraction 510
Cranial nerve 564
function
documentation of 524
evaluation of 524
Craniofacial dysjunction 566, 568
Craniofacial malformations, congenital 4
Craniofacial maxillary trauma 273
Craniofacial syndromes 6
Craniomandibular articulation 346f
Craniomaxillofacial disorders, treatment of 6
Craniomaxillofacial region, trauma of 520
Crepitus 535
Crevicular incision 304
Cribriform plate 563f
Cricothyroidotomy under local anesthesia 939
Cricothyrotomy set 1158
Criminal negligence 1197
Critical airway obstruction 518f
Crocodile bone 70f
holding forceps 70
Crocodile tear syndrome 1063, 1064
Crohn's disease 944, 948
Crouzon's syndrome 508f
Crowe sign 803
Crown locked under second molar, shape of 326
Crown size 321
Crush injuries 529
Cryer's elevator 290, 290f
Cryoneurolysis 1032
Cryoprecipitate 1146, 1148
Cryosurgery 86, 1144
Cryotherapy 713, 1032
advantages of 713
C-shaped retractor 62
Cuboidal cells 741
Cuffed north pole tube 272f
Cuffed oral red rubber tube 272f
Culture sensitivity test, swabs for 141
Cuspid 289
Cyanosis 1163
Cyclovir 160
Cylindroma 846, 846f
Cystectomy procedure 709
Cystic cavity, maintenance of 708
Cystic contents 716, 719, 736738, 740
Cystic hygroma 743
Cystic lesion
small single 727
surgery 714
Cystic lining specimen, removal of 708
Cystic odontogenic
keratocyst lesions 730
tumors 698
Cystic teratoma 742
Cystotomy 706f
Cysts 695, 697, 713f, 944
anterior median lingual 740
bilateral dentigerous 719f
cells of origin of 700
characteristic features of 697
congenital 699
decompression of 705, 706f
development of 698, 699
developmental odontogenic 718
enlargement 701
hypothesis 700
process of 700
epithelium 723
extravasation 833
follicular 718
formation 698
pathogenesis of 700
phase of 715
fundamental classifications of 697
gingival 699, 703, 720, 721
heterotopic 744
incisive canal 734
infected 703
inflammatory 698
odontogenic 714
initiation 698, 699
intraglandular 22f
intraoral 743
branchial 742
intraosseous 699, 734
lumen 697
management of 310
phenomenon of 699
prevention of 310
regression 701
signs of 702
size of 706
surgical treatments for 705fc
symptoms of 702
thin walled 743
true 697
Cytokeratin 724
Cytomegalovirus 129, 130
D
Dabigatran 1150
Davis and Ritchie classification 869, 870f
Dean's alveoloplasty procedure 668, 669f
Dean's technique 669
Deciduous teeth 285
shape of 613
Decompression 1054
neurolysis 1054
Deep fascia 942
fascial layers of 942f
Deep sedation 214, 257259
Deformity 535
Dehydration 989
Delaire's philosophy, principles of 881
Dellon and Mackinnon modification of Sunderland-grade 6 injury 1044
Demeclocycline 156, 157
Dental
abscesses 218
aerosols and splatter 141
anesthesia 265
complications of 269
assessment 441, 442
care, post-irradiation 1014
caries
control of 828
prevention of 828
cartridge 182
chair
angulation of 294
height of 294
complications 56
conscious sedation 259
defects 56
evaluation 406
extractions 285
contraindications for 286
indications for 285
techniques of 285
forceps, type of 287f
hard tissue formation 770
health records 1202
hygienist's role 1134
hypersensitivity 56
imaging 18
implant 99, 1107
advantages of 1114
placement surgery 1187
infection
natural history of 926
pathways of 928
lamina 699
management 57
model analysis 438
practice, part of 148
practitioner 128
procedures 165b
unit water systems 140
wiring techniques, types of 538
Dentigerous cyst 703, 703f, 718, 719f, 801
multiple 733f
Dentin 1108
Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor 770, 774
Dentinoma 747
Dentist's role 1134
Dentistry, sedation techniques for 258
Dentoalveolar fractures 566, 606, 929
Dentoalveolar fragment, avulsion of 611
Dentoalveolar surgery 4
Dentocaine 172
Dentofacial deformity 425
correction of 458b
Dentofacial development 877t
Dentofacial skeletal deformity, severe 447
Denture 229
granuloma 674
hyperplasia 675f
plate 913
Deoxyribonucleic acid 160
Depression 350
Dermabond topical skin adhesive 103
Dermoid 742
cyst 102, 703, 742
lateral 742
Desmoplastic fibroma 787
Developmental disorders 607, 817, 827
Device operation function manipulator 1192
Dexmeditomide 224
Dextorse 1159
Diabetes mellitus 27, 28, 45, 217, 1163
classification of 46
gestational 46
severe 928
Diabetic ketoacidosis 28
signs of 46
Diarrhea 217
Diazepam 224, 260, 276, 1159
Dibucaine 171
Diffuse sclerosis, progressive 988
Digastric muscle 606, 856f
anterior belly of 951f, 952f
tendon of posterior belly of 851
Digestive system 8
Digitalis 40
Diguanides 116
Dilantin 1027
Diluted N-butyl-cyanoacrylate glue 739
Dingman's incision 365
Diphenhydramine 225
Diplopia 578, 579
etiology of 580
Direct arterial pressure 242f
Direct external skeletal fixation 537
Direct internal skeletal fixation 537
Disarticulated zygomatic bone 570
Discernible trauma 1148
Discharge card contents 1203b
Discharge scores, postoperative 263
Disinfectants, properties of 118t
Disinfection 104, 115
Disk 420
dysfunction 417
surgery 421
Dislocation 352
posterior 359
types of 353
unilateral acute 354, 354f, 355f
Disposable portex set 78f
Disposable syringes 179
advantages of 179b
disadvantages of 179b
Distal papilla preservation 1123
Distinctive osseous lesion 803
Distoangular impaction 314, 333
Distraction
devices classification 493
histiogenesis 490
osteogenesis 490, 513, 682, 688, 689
biological aspects of 492
indications for 496
phases of 490
procedure, planning for 497
uses of 688
vector of 497
types of 513
Disuse atrophy 664
Dizziness 217
Dobutamine 1173
Dolutegravir 144
Donor site complications 392
Dopamine 1173
Double papilla preservation 1123
Double plate osteosynthesis 655
Double puncture arthroscopy 419, 419f, 420f
Down's syndrome 218, 310
Doxycycline 45, 156, 157
Doyen's mouth gag 70f
Drain
placement of 933
removal of 933
Drainage, Hilton's method of 933
Dressings 527, 933
Drilling speed and drilling procedure 1124
Droperidol 224
Drug
concentration and therapeutic index 107
effect of 1168
nature of 149
overdose reaction 1164
resistance 149
therapy 1172
multiple 1027
pre-existing 228
Dry heat 111
sterilization 111
Ductal cannulation 831
Ducts of Rivinus 814
Ducts, accessory 827
Durbeck orthodontic theory 309
Dyclonine hydrochloride 187
Dyes 116
Dynamic compression plate 551, 553, 554, 625
Dysarthrosis 656, 657f
Dysesthesia 597, 1040, 1041, 1053b
Dysgeusia 47, 827
Dysphagia 969
Dysrhythmias, cardiac 270
E
Ear 9
lobe 957f
Eccentric dynamic compression plate 551, 553, 554
Ecchymosis 535
circumorbital 9, 524f
extensive subconjunctival 582f
intraoral 524f, 611
Ectomesenchyme, idontogenic 774
Ectopic eruption 308
Edema 9, 535
Edentulous atrophic mandible, bilateral fracture of 627
Edentulous mandible, fractures of 606
Edentulous mandibular fractures 626
Edentulous posterior ridge 687f
Edentulous spaces, classification of 1110
Edoxaban 1150
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 360, 724
Elastic traction 647
Elastoplast 133
Electrical boiler fumigators 120
Electrocardiogram 25, 241, 242f, 262, 266
Electrocautery machine 85f
Electrogalvanic stimulation 412
Electrophoresis gel 52
Elephant foot deformity 629f
Elevation, lever principle of 291f
Elevator
handling application of 293f
indications for use of 292
muscle, contracture of 351
Elsahy's modification 870, 872f
Embryology 898
Emergency kit, preparation of 1154
Eminectomy 363, 421
indications for 363
procedure 363, 363f
surgical procedure of 364f
Emission tissue florescence, narrow 31
Emporalis myotomy 359
Empyema 898
Enamel
epithelium, reduced 700
hypoplasia 719
organ 700
End tidal CO2 monitor 243
Endaural approach 365, 367
Endaural incision 383
Endocarditis prophylaxis 165, 165b
Endocrinal disorders 310, 607
Endocrine disturbances 788
Endocrine system 217
diseases of 8
Endoscopic sinus surgery 919
Endotracheal intubation 274f, 278
anesthesia 278
procedure for 272
Endotracheal tubes 235, 236, 248, 271, 272f, 276f, 1157, 1157f, 1175, 1176
bevels of reusable 236f
disposable 236f
Enophthalmos 9, 580
clinical features of 581
Enucleation 712, 713, 726
with curettage 752
without curettage 752
Envelope flap 304, 711
design 329f
Enzyme 926
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 28, 51
Eosinophils 26
Ephedrine 1159
Epidemic parotitis 837
Epidermoid cysts 742, 742f
Epidural catheter 279f
Epilepsy 264, 286
Epileptic seizures 217
Epinephrine 42, 176, 177, 254, 1158, 1163
concentration 177
maximum recommended doses of 176
Epiosteal implant 1107, 1108f
Epistaxis 911
Epithelial cyst 697, 699
Epithelial dysplasia 717, 1077
Epithelial membrane antigen 724
Epithelial odontogenic
cyst 721
tumor 768
Epithelial proliferation 701
Epithelium
coronal junctional 1110
heterotopic 760
intestinal 744
junctional 1108, 1110
lined cysts 699
Epithelization vestibuloplasty, secondary 677, 681
Epulis fissurata, excision of 674
Erich's arch bar 79, 566
Erich's classification 565f
Eruption
cyst 718
dental arch for 309
Erysipelas 948
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 26
Erythromycin 57, 148, 149, 158
Erythroplakia 33, 1079, 1079b, 1080f
Escherichia coli 51, 150, 965
Esmolol 1159
Essig's wiring 538, 538f
Estrogen containing pills 229
Ethanol 117
Ether 251
Ethibond sutures 93
Ethmoid air cells 563f, 897f
Ethyl alcohol 55
Ethylene oxide gas sterilization 113
Etidocaine 58, 171
Etomidate 257, 260
European Federation of Neurological Societies 1024
Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics 268
Excision biopsy 33, 33f, 34f, 751
Exfoliative cytology 30, 750751
Exodontia 283, 285
armamentarium used for 287
simple 4
Explantation, absolute indications for 1133
Extended neck dissection 1102
External auditory canal 850, 855
cartilage of 853
External carotid artery 852f, 1147
ligation of 1147
External distraction devices 494
Extra-articular origin 351
Extracapsular fracture 352, 640
Extracapsular spread, clinical signs of 1099
Extracorporeal fixation 652
Extracranial facial nerve repair 1068
Extraction 909
forceps 287
multiple 300, 669f
procedures 295, 295f
Extradural sensory root section 1038
Extraoral approach 755, 1031
Extraoral elastic traction 584
Extraoral examination 8, 531, 902, 904, 934
Extraoral local infiltration 184
Extraoral maxillary nerve block 197
Extraoral peripheral osteotomy 753, 753f
Extraoral procedures 855
Extraoral submandibular Risdon's incision 617
Extraoral X-rays 318
Extrinsic disorders 351
Eyeball 454
Eyebrows 525, 527f, 549f
Eyeless needle, advantages of 96, 96f
Eyelets formation 540f
Eyelid
avulsion 525
lower 589f
surgical correction of 1069
Eyes 9, 561, 579
coloboma of 871f
irritation 116
movement, lack of 580
needle 95
testing motions of 580f
F
Face 9
and jaws
motor disturbances of 1058, 1061
sensory disturbances of 1040
development of 866f
fractures of middle third of 900
lift approach 371
masks 134, 1156
shields 134
soft tissue edema of 218
Facial artery 856f, 1146
ligation of 1146
Facial asymmetry 378, 431b, 612f
assessment of 444f
marked 433f
Facial bones, osteoradionecrosis of 1006
Facial contour
angle 437
plane extends, lower 440
Facial development, abnormal 863
Facial disproportions 3
Facial esthetic
analysis 435, 446
examination 666
Facial expression, muscle of 605
Facial fractures 625
Facial height 601
Facial hypoglossal transfer 1069
Facial nerve 365f, 810f, 812, 848, 853, 1058, 1059f, 1060f
branches 1060t
meticulous separation of 853
cervical branches of 853
checking integrity of 855
distribution of 1060t
disturbances 1061
extracranial course of 1058
functions, evaluation of 1063
ganglia associated with 1059
geniculate ganglion of 1059f
grafting, variations in 1068f
injury 858
intrapetrous part of 1059f
lower division of 853
main trunk of 853
palsy, causes of 1062
roots of 1059f
sacrifice 855
terminal branches of 1060f
upper division of 853
Facial neurological disorders
detection of 4
management of 4
Facial neuropathology 1017
Facial pain 3
Facial palsy 1066t
classification of 1061, 1062
Facial paralysis 1061, 1069
complications of 1063
Facial reanimation 1067
Facial scarring 398
Facial skeleton, middle third of 560, 564
Facial soft tissue 697
cysts of 698fc
injuries 520
wounds, early management of 525
Facial space 298
Facial sphincters arrangement 881f
Facial trauma 909
Facial width, lateral 601
Facial wound management 525
Fainting 269, 1168
Famciclovir 160
Famotidine 227
Fanconi's syndrome 939
Fascia
buccopharyngeal 943f
lata 362, 388
procedure, Blair's four strips of 1069
superficial 942
Fascial spaces
classification of 943
involvement of 938
primary 941t
secondary 941t
Fasciitis, progress of 974
Fat
buccal pad of 388
graft, fate of buccal pad of 390
solvent solutions 106
Faulty surgical technique 104
Feeding 878
Felypressin 178
Femoral artery 1143
Fenestration 994
technique 692f
Fentanyl 224, 225, 257, 260, 261
Fergusson's lion jaw bone holding forceps 70
Fever 28, 935
Fiberoptic intubation 277, 383, 939
basic steps of 277
Fiberoptic laryngoscope 279f
Fiberoptic light source and cables 417
Fibrin
glue 1145
sponge 1145
Fibrocartilaginous tissue 347
Fibroma 748
cementifying 748, 777
juvenile ossifying 781, 782f
Fibro-osseous integration 1109
Fibro-osseous lesions 749, 749t, 753, 787, 899
benign 780
of jaw bones 749t
Fibro-osseous tumors 749
Fibrosarcoma 352, 1088
Fibrosis, extra-articular 351
Fibrous ankylosis 377f, 381
Fibrous dysplasia 781, 788, 788f, 789f
pathophysiology of 788
Fibrous tissue bands, peripheral 665
Figure of 8 suture 100, 102f
Filtron 135
Fine needle aspiration
biopsy 31
cytology 31, 751, 936, 1092
indications for 31
Fine needle cutting biopsy 32
Finger sweep method 1169
Fissural cysts 703
developmental 734
Fistula 899, 908
congenital 827
persistence of 910
Fistulous tract
chronic 931
excision of 915, 917
Fixation
devices 615, 655b
external 545
Fixed dose drug combinations 1207, 1208t
Fixed orthodontic appliance system 448
Flap
dehiscence 304
design 304, 328, 1124f
principles of 304
necrosis 304
surgery, complications of 304
tearing 304
types of 304, 305f
Flat dissection scissors, Metzenbaum curved on 61
Flexometallic tube 237f, 272f
Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia gigantiform cementoma 793
Fluconazole 45, 58, 163
Fluctuant areas, incision and drainage of 997
Fluid
accumulation of 902
escape of 911
management 257
replacement 1152
intraoperative 257
Flumazenil 225, 1160, 1165
Fluoroquinolones 149, 160
Fluothane 252
Focal cemento-osseous dysplasia 791
Fogging method 121
Foley's catheter 83, 84, 550f, 1143
Folinic acid 159
Follicles 324
Follicular ameloblastoma 763f
subtypes of 763
Follicular sac, size of 322
Follicular space 326
Food and Drug Administration categories 57
Food intake, reduced 829
Forced duction test 580
Forceps
design styles 287
proper holding of 288f
Foreign body
airway obstruction 1169
aspiration 1165, 1165f
Formaldehyde 55, 113, 115, 118
fumigation 120
Forming Risdon's wiring, steps in 539f
Fossa decompression, posterior 1037
Fractures 351, 560, 898
anatomical location of 607
basic principles of 535
blow in 577
central region 566
classification of 534564
closed 534, 606
comminuted 534, 607
complex 607
complicated 607
compound 534, 606, 607f
comminuted 607f
depressed 534
direction of 608
fixation, types of 553f
floating 566
formula 610
fragments 585
high
condylar 651f
energy 573
level 568
impacted 534, 607
intra-articular 642f
intracapsular 352, 641f
involving dentoalveolar component 566
lateral region 566
line 621b
teeth in 621f, 622f
mandible 603
mobility 558
multiple 534
relation of 607
segment displacement 657
simple 534, 606, 607f
site of 606, 607
stable 590
treatment of 535
types of 606
unilateral angle 608
Fragments, number of 608
Frazier's approach 1038
Free fibular osteocutaneous flap 1099f
Frenectomy 676
Fresh
frozen plasma 1145
hydrogen peroxide 55
oroantral communication 911
sodium hypochlorite 55
Frey's syndrome 398, 398f, 657, 811f, 858
treatment options for 398
Frontal bone 563f, 576f
Frontal sinus fracture, repair of 602
Frontomaxillary sutures 560
Frontonasal suture 568
Frontozygomatic suture 579, 585
Frozen plasma 50
Frozen section 35
intraoperative 751
Fumigation 120
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery 919
types of 920
Fungal infections 51, 129, 925
Fungi 107
Fungicide 175
Furan derviatives 116
Furlow Z-plasty 888
modified 888
Furuncle 375
Furunculosis 983
G
Gabapentin 1026
Gag reflex method 357
Gallium-67 citrate 823
Gamma knife radiosurgery 1028
Ganciclovir 160
Gap arthroplasty 359, 383, 384, 384f, 387f
surgery 384f
Gap osteoarthrectomy 384
Gardener syndrome 310
Gardner syndrome 784
Garre's osteomyelitis 819, 997
Gas plasma sterilization 114
Gasserian ganglion 1033, 1035f, 1133
level 1033
procedures 1033
Gastric content, aspiration of 217
Gastric disorders 8
Gastrointestinal system 217
Gastrointestinal tract 157, 224, 254
Gastrokinetic drugs 227
Gauze pieces and antiseptic solution 1158
Gelatine sponge 1144
General anesthesia 213, 217, 258, 259, 265, 271, 323, 352
advantages of 188
and sedation 211, 213
indications for 265
induction of 272
intubation techniques for 383
purpose 248fc
shortfalls of 214
stages of 254
General stress reduction protocols 37
General visceral afferent fibers 1058
Genetic syndromes 46
Genial tubercles
reduction of 670, 671f
resection of 670
Geniculate ganglion 1059, 1059f
Geniohyoid muscles 951f
Genioplasty 462, 463, 466
reduction 464
Gentamicin 57, 161
Geobacillus stearothermophilus 111
German measles 130
Germectomy 335, 335f
Ghost cell 721, 723
Giant cell 739, 749
granuloma, extraosseous 793
lesions 793, 797, 1193
tumor 793, 1193
Gigantiform cementoma 748
Gigli's saw 73, 73f, 74
Gillies' method 593f
Gillies' temporal approach 591
Gilmer's wiring 538, 539f
Gingiva, laceration of 611
Gingival cuff 1114
Gingival epithelium 1108
Gingival margin 1110, 1132
Gingivitis, acute necrotizing ulcerative 163, 287
Gingivobuccal cancers 1088
Gingivobuccal sulcus, leukoplakia of 1076f
Gingivostomatitis 130
Glabella 439
Gland
holding forceps 67
excision of 855
Glands of Serres 700
Glandular odontogenic cyst 721
Glasgow coma scale 530
Glass beads sterilizer 112, 113f
Glenoid fossa 345, 387, 420
fracture 375
Glide scope 246, 246f
Glossitis 47
Glossodynia, control of 54
Glossopharyngeal nerve 852f, 1059f
Gloves 134
removal of 139f
Glucagon 1159
Glucometer 1157, 1158f
Glutaraldehyde 55, 59, 115, 116, 118
Glycerol injection, procedure for 1034
Glycolic acid, parts of 94
Glycolide 94
Glycopyrrolate 224, 226
Goblet cells 742
Godwin's modification 680
Godwin-Kazanjian technique 680f
Goldenhar syndrome 871f
Gonococcal arthritis 375
Gorlin's cyst 698, 721, 722f
Gorlin's syndrome 714, 730, 731f
Gorlin-Goltz syndrome 724, 730, 732f
Gow-Gates mandibular nerve block 204
Gowns 134
types of 136
Grafts
cartilaginous 388
interpositional 684f
resorption, partial 398
Granny's knot 98, 99f
Granular ameloblastoma 764f
Granuloma 278
Granulomatous diseases 899
Grave cardiovascular depression 269
Greater auricular nerve, hypoesthesia of 858
Greater palatine
artery 917f, 1146
nerve block 195, 196f
Greater petrosal nerve 1059f
Greenstick fracture 607, 607f
Grinspan's syndrome 1086
Grodinsky and Holyoke's potential spaces 943f
Growth 898
factors 1189
modification 434
of maxillary sinus, stages of 898t
Guedel's clinical signs 253
Guerin's fracture 566
Gum boil 948
Gummy smile 482f
Gunning splint 542
construction of 543
Gunshot injuries 522
H
Haemaccel 246
Haemophilus influenzae 837, 948
Hair 133, 742
follicles 742
Hairy leukoplakia 51
Half punch approach 1123
Halogens 116
Haloperidol 224
Halothane 251, 252
Halstead's forceps 65, 66
Hamartoma 748
Hand
articulation 454
care 133
cream 133
disinfection 123
instruments 417
sanitizers, alcohol-based 134
scrub 124, 124f
techniques 124
wash technique 133
Handpieces
disinfection of 140
sterilization of 140
Hard palate 876f, 1089
Hard tissue
biopsy 35
defects 875
Harrison's bone holding forceps 619
Hartel's three-point markings 1034f
Harvesting technique 389
Hayton William's forceps 78f, 79, 584f
Hayton-William's figure of eight 619f
Head injury 530
Headache 116, 217, 935
Healing
abutment 1114
cap 1114, 1115f
collar 1114
of tissues, rate of 91
Hearing aids 230
Heart
auscultation of 1168
disease 37
congenital 37, 39, 165, 217
coronary 286
ischemic 8, 37, 39, 176
Heat sterilization 109
Heidbrink valve 233
Heimlich maneuver 1165f, 1169
Heister's jaw stretcher 56, 68, 69f
Hemangioma, intramedullary cavernous 703
Hemarthrosis 352, 375, 376
Hematogenous infection 983
Hematologic system 217
Hematological disorders 8
Hematoma 523, 856
Hematopoietic system 159
Hemicoronal incision 383
Hemimandibular elongation 431, 432f, 433f
Hemimandibular hyperplasia 432, 433f
Hemimandibulectomy 1097
Hemoglobin 26
Hemophilia 49, 286, 1148
Hemopoietic system 48, 49
disorders of 48
Hemorrhage 298, 1139
arrest of 916
arterial 1139
bilateral subconjunctival 568
control of 519, 1146
massive 739
types of 1139
Hemostasis 34, 306, 1140
primary 1140
secondary 1140
Hemostat
forceps, uses of 1143
types of 65
Hemostatic agents 1143
Hemostatic forceps 65, 68
Hepatic diseases 44
Hepatic dysfunction 264
Hepatic system 217
Hepatitis 217
A 44
immunoglobulins 141
virus 129, 131
virus 129, 131, 839
D 129
status 132
viruses 129
Hepatotoxicity 254
Herpes simplex virus 129, 130
Herpes virus infection 130
Herpetic stomatitis 130
Hertwig's root sheath 697, 700
Hess test 580
Hexachlorophene compounds 119
Hexilcaine 170
Hibitane 118
High condylectomy procedure 362, 363f
High velocity bullets 522
High-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma 846f
Hilton's method 68, 933
Histamine receptor blocking agents 226
Histoplasmosis 51
Hoffmann's elimination 250
Horizontal mattress suture 100, 101f
Hormone replacement therapy 229
Host defense mechanisms 928t
Hot air oven 112
House-Brackmann classification 1062
Howarth's periosteal elevator 600, 709
Hudson's classification 982t
Human herpes virus 130
Human immunodeficiency virus 119, 129, 131, 839, 1145
antibody assays 51
infection 51, 839
control 142, 143
postexposure prophylaxis 144
pre-test counseling, goals of 52
seropositivity 939
status code, determination of 53
testing and counseling 51
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus 131
Humidifying oxygen 243f
Hurler's syndrome 310
Hyaline cartilage 347
Hyaluronidase 926
Hydration 969
Hydrocodone 57
Hydrocortisone 1159
Hydrogen peroxide 117, 118
gas plasma sterilizer 1193, 1193f
Hydrotherapy 970
Hydroxyamphetamine 176
Hydroxyapatite 686
blocks 597
Hyoglossus muscle 856f, 952f
Hyoid bone 951f, 952f
palpation 406
Hyperalgesia 1041
Hyperbaric oxygen 990
chamber 1011f
therapy 1011
Hyperdontia 308
Hyperesthesia 1041
Hyperglycemia 1163
Hyperkalemia 250
Hyperkeratosis 1077
Hypermobility 352, 360
acquired 353
Hypernatremia 27
Hyperpathia 1041, 1051
Hyperplasia 674
condylar 352, 1183f
Hypersensitivity reactions 222, 944
Hypertension 40, 217, 250, 257, 1166
benign intracranial 158
potential problems of 41
transient episodes of 1166
Hyperthyroidism 28
symptoms of 47
Hyperventilation 1162
management of 1162f
Hypnotic combination 261
Hypoalgesia 1041
Hypocarbia 250
Hypochlorites 116, 118
Hypoesthesia 858, 1041, 1052fc
Hypogeusia 55
Hypoglossal nerve 852f, 856f
roots 1059f
Hypoglycemia 46, 1163, 1168
signs of 46
Hypoglycemic agents 229
Hypokalemia 250
Hypoplasia 9, 876, 898
condylar 352
Hypoplastic maxilla 506f
Hypotension 257, 270, 1166, 1168
causes of 270
severe 1158
Hypothermia 250
Hypothesis 376, 416, 1090
immunological 1064
ischemic 1064
Hypothyroidism, signs of 47
Hypoxia 269, 1168
diffusion 256
severe 269
I
Iatrogenic occlusal disharmony 403
Iatrogenic odontogenic infections 925
Ibuprofen 57
Idiopathic neurologic disorder 1063
Iliac crest donor site 890f
Imidazoles 162
Immobilization 537
Immune status 43
Immunization 132
Immunologic disorders 840
Impacted mandibular canine 318
classification of 318
Impacted maxillary canines, classification of 317
Impacted teeth 309
classification of 312
detection of 318f
radiological examination of 318
removal of 321
surgical
management of 307
removal of 325
Impacted third molar 324
classification of 313
teeth 309, 310, 313, 314
extraction of 309
Impaction, angulation of 326
Implant
dentures 910
failure of 1130
junctional epithelium 1108
materials 1113
placement 1123, 1127
surgical steps for 1126f
success criteria 1127b
surgery
armamentarium for 1120
basic factors in 1121
system
anatomy of 1114
parts of 1114
therapy, surgical complications of 1127
Incision 328, 473, 1123
and drainage 946, 948, 949, 951, 952, 954, 956, 957, 959, 960, 962, 963, 964, 990, 999
indications for 933
Bardach marking of 886f
Hilton's method of 933
planning of 303
types of 304
Incisional biopsy 32, 750, 751
indications for 32
technique for 32
Incisors, lateral 289
Indandiones 38
Indirect fixation-internal skeletal wire suspension 585
Induction 248
Infant feeding tube 83, 83f
Infected waste, disposal of 146
Infections 4, 55, 128, 558, 1020
acute onset of 938
acute stage of 929
anatomical location of 938
bacterial 51, 129, 836, 837, 925
control 128
diffuse 938
direct spread of 375
low-grade 701
prevention of 527
progression of 929f
recurrent 310
regional 417
severity of 938
signs of 935
transmission of 129
Infectious diseases 8
Inferior alveolar nerve 199, 319, 329, 335f, 604, 620, 692f, 1041, 1059
canal 327
injuries 1052fc
proximity 320f
repositioning of 692
Inferior border graft 683, 683f
Inferior concha 897f
Inferior meatus 897f
Inferior orbital
fissure 577
rim analysis 574
Inflammation 351
Inflammatory collateral cyst 717
types of 717
Inflammatory lesions, chronic 8
Inflammatory radicular cyst formation 699f
Influenza 130
Infrahyoid muscles 407
Infraorbital foramen 568, 898
Infraorbital nerve 564, 571, 1031f, 1041
block 194, 195f
Infraorbital rim 548f, 571
Infraorbital space 944
Infratemporal fossa 1092f
space 948, 948f
Inhalation induction 939
Injections, peripheral 1028
Injury
classification of 521b
iatrogenic 1041
mechanism of 524
types of 632
Insulin dose 46
Intensive care unit management 974
Interactive computed tomography software 1118
Intermaxillary fixation 358, 360, 468, 535, 583, 585
Intermaxillary ligation 536
Intermittent positive pressure respiration 253
Internal bevel incision 304
Internal derangement, etiology of 409
Internal disk derangement 351, 352
Internal fixation 552, 553b, 583
International Classification of Headache Disorders 1021, 1022b
International Headache Society 1019
Interocclusal wafer splints 453f
Interpositional arthroplasty 383, 385
procedure 388f
Interventional sialendoscopy 824
procedure of 825
Intra-alveolar extraction 285
Intra-articular injection 412
technique 413f
Intra-articular origin 351
Intra-articular pathologies 407
Intracapsular condylar head fracture 640
Intracranial procedures 1037
Intracranial tension 250
Intracranial vascular abnormalities 1020
Intradural root section 1038
Intralesional injections 739
Intraligamentary injection 192
Intramuscular administration 224
Intramuscular preparations 158
Intranasal administration 224
Intranasal antrostomy 908, 908f
surgical procedure for 908
Intraoral approach, advantages of 754
Intraoral avulsion and suturing 526f
Intraoral circumvestibular incision 484
Intraoral conventional
approach 1029
neurectomy 1030f
Intraoral dental occlusion 499f
Intraoral devices 495
Intraoral elastic traction 584
Intraoral examination 11, 666, 902, 904, 935, 1118
Intraoral fixation alone 545
Intraoral incisions, pen grasp for 303f
Intraoral intermaxillary elastic traction 584
Intraoral lesions 742
Intraoral modified sagittal split osteotomy 471
Intraoral palpation 12, 533
Intraoral procedure 458, 593
disadvantages of 754
Intraoral sagittal split osteotomy 472f
Intraoral surgery 125
Intraoral traction method 536
Intraoral transbuccal incision 616
Intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy 470
Intraosseous biopsy, indications for 35
Intraosseous giant cell granuloma 793
Intraosseous injection 192
Intraosseous lesions 35
Intraosseous odontogenic developmental cysts 718
Intraosseous wiring 618
procedure of 551
Intrapulpal injection 192
Intraseptal alveoloplasty, Obwegeser's modification for 669
Intraseptal injection 192
Intravenous cannula 245, 1157
gauges of 245f
Intravenous fluids 245
Intravenous induction agents 248
Intravenous infusion equipment 231, 244
Intravenous sedation 260
Intrinsic disorders 351
Intrinsic joint disorders
diagnosis of 401
treatment of 401
Intubation 970
armamentarium required for 271
procedure 272
Invasive aggressive surgical procedures 705
Invasive direct arterial blood pressure monitor 241
Invasive therapy 415
Involucrum 981
Iodine compounds 118
Iodophor compounds 119
Ionizing radiation 113
Iris
freckling 803
scissors 61
Irrigation 970, 997
Isoflurane 251, 255
Isopropyl alcohol 55, 117
preparation 118
Itraconazole 163
Ivy eyelet wiring 538, 539, 540f
J
Jackson's tube 76
Jansen-Middleton Rongeurs forceps 72f
Jaundice 217
Jaws
actinomycotic osteomyelitis of 998
angle fracture, prevention of 311
assessing bone involvement of 1091
bones 749
benign tumors of 746
fractures of 534
giant cell lesions of 793, 1193
multiple lesions of 778f
osteomyelitis of 375, 979
osteoradionecrosis of 979
schwannoma of 800
tuberculous osteomyelitis of 10011003
closure 350
cysts of 697, 698fc
disorders, developmental 328
fibrous dysplasia of 788
function, postoperative 614
immobilization 551
lesions, management of 749
monostotic fibrous dysplasia of 789
multiple cystic lesions of 733
nonodontogenic tumors of 749t
opening 350
osteomyelitis of 988
segmental resection of 754, 754f
thrust 1169
tumors, surgical management of 751
Jet injector 179
Joint
artificial alloplastic replacement of 394
capsule, reinforcement of 361
diseases affecting 376
hypermobility of 360
infection 375
pain 217
palpation, posterior 406f
stabilization splint 413
Jug handle view 14
Jugulodigastric lymph node palpation 11f
Jump sign 402
K
Kaposi's sarcoma 51, 839
Kazanjian and converse classification 609
Kazanjian technique 679
KCOT aspirate 726f
Keen's approach 593
Kelly's forceps 65
Kennedy's class 1110, 1110f
Keratocyst 697, 723
Keratocystic lesions 730
Kernahan's classification 871f, 872f
Ketamine 225, 257, 260, 261
hydrochloride 261
Ketoacidosis 46
Ketoconazole 58, 163
Kidney 157
disease 250
Kirschner wire 484, 654
Kissing molars 319f
Klebsiella pneumoniae 51, 965
Knot tying, principles of 98
Kocher's forceps 619
Kocher's heavy hemostat forceps 71, 71f
Kocher's type gland-holding forceps 67f
Kovanaze 187
Kruger's general classification 606
L
Labial alveolectomy 667
Labial cortical bone 668
Labial pressure 296
Labial vestibular procedures 679
Labiale inferius 440
Lacerated wounds 521
treatment of 526b
Laceration 521, 611
types of 522
Lacrimal probes 824f
Lactation 159
Lactic acid 94
Lag screw 654
Lagocheilos 863
Lahsal classification 871
Lamina papyracea 563f
Lamivudine 144
Lamotrigine 1026
Lane's tissue holding forceps 66, 67f
Langenbeck's marking 887f
Langenbeck's retractor 61, 62, 339
Langerhans cell disease 749
Langhan's giant cell granulomas 944
Laryngeal fibrosis 278
Laryngeal mask airway 239, 239f, 268, 1157, 1157f
Laryngoscope 234, 271, 1156
Laryngoscopic vision 235f
Laryngoscopy 235f
Laryngospasm 269
Laryngotracheal membranes 278
Lasers 1144
decontamination 1133
Lashal classification 872f
Latamoxef 155
Lateral compression splint 541, 613
Lateral coronoid approach 594, 594f
Lateral eyebrow 589f
incision 589
Lateral orbital rim, anterior part of 571
Lateral trephination technique 335
Laughing gas 255
LeFort classification 565f
LeFort fracture 566, 567, 567f, 568, 585
classification, Marciani's modification of 566
signs of 567, 569
symptoms of 567, 569
LeFort osteotomy 477, 479f, 481f, 482, 482f, 484
multisegmented 482
Legionellosis 130
Legionnaire's disease 130
Lemport's endaural approach 367f
Lesions
anatomical location of 752
bony 310
clinical
characteristics of 299
examination of 750
closed 1002
consistency of 750
history of 300, 749
malignant 1089f
number of 800
Lesser petrosal nerve 1059f
Leukemia 286, 928
Leukoplakia 33, 1075, 1076f, 1079f
erosive 1076f
histopathological features of 1077b
homogeneous 1077
management of 1078fc
subtypes of 1077t
surgical management of 1078
Levetiracetam 1027
Lichen planus 1085, 1086f
Lichenoid reaction 1086f, 1087b
Lidocaine 58, 170173, 187
Liesegang rings 768
Ligament interface 327
Ligating clips 103
Light-based detection systems 31
Lignocaine 172, 187, 276, 1173
anesthetic agent 174b
hydrochloride 174
toxicity of 173
Lincoln's highway 942
Lincomycin 164
Lindhal's classification 641f
Linear gingival erythema 51
Linen 92
Linezolid 45
Lingual artery, ligation of 1146
Lingual cortex 329f
Lingual flap 102
Lingual frenectomy 676
Lingual frenum 677f
Lingual hematoma 524f
Lingual nerve 199, 329f, 826f, 1041, 1059
exposure of 1032f
Lingual neurectomy 1032
Lingual pouch 298
Lingual pressure 297
Lingual split bone technique 331, 332f
Lingual vestibuloplasty 681, 681f
Lioresal 1026
Lip
bruises 611
mucosa 1080f, 1088
pits, lower 865f
position 437
procedures 486
repair 879t
switch techniques 679
Lipoma 750, 835
Lipstick sign 828
Liquid nitrogen therapy 713
Lisch nodules 803
Lisch spots 803
Lister's bandage cutting scissors 75
Lister's sinus forceps 68, 70f
Lithotripsy, endoscopic 832
Liver 157
disease 250, 1149
disorders of 8
function tests 27
Load bearing osteosynthesis 553f
Load sharing osteosynthesis 553f
Lobe, superficial 811
Local anesthesia 169, 323, 328, 599, 917, 1062
advantages of 188
effect of 188
techniques 188
Local anesthetic
agents 170174, 265, 1019f
administration of 265
classification of 170
duration of action of 172b
solution 182
techniques 276
toxicity 222b
Local hemostatic measures 1143
Local infiltration technique 189f
Local soft tissue swellings 218
Local toxicity 150
Local traumatic injuries 983
Local vasoconstrictor agents, uses of 306
Long buccal nerve 199
block 201, 202f
injection 201
Long edentulous posterior fragment 609
Long-acting anesthetic agents 1027
Long-standing oroantral fistula 912f
Loose teeth, extraction of 990
Loracarbef 155
Lorazepam 224
Low blood pressure 1166
Low condylar fractures 640
Low condylotomy 359
Low energy fracture 573
Low maxillary fracture 566
Low velocity projectiles 523
Lower motor neurons 1066
Lucas curettes 70f
Ludwig's angina 964, 966f, 967, 969, 968f970f
fate of 967
management of 970
progressive 967f
treatment of 967
Lumpy jaw 1002
Lymecycline 156
Lymph node 927, 927t, 1099, 1100f, 1102
examination 750
levels 1100, 1100f
palpation 11f
Lymphadenopathy 132, 935
Lymphatic mapping, intraoperative 35
Lymphatic systems 9
Lymphocytes 26
Lymphoepithelial cysts 742
Lymphokine 701
Lymphoma 928, 1088
Lysol 55
M
Macintosh laryngoscope 1157f
MacLennan's classification 641f
Macroglossia 47
Macrotrauma 409
Magill's forceps 233, 240, 240f, 1156, 1157f
Magnetic resonance angiography 1024
Magnetic resonance imaging 408, 936
neurography 1181
Malignant transformation 730
Malignant tumor 352, 746, 843, 846, 910, 928
site of 286
types of 844
Mallampati grading 219f
Mallampati test 218
Malleable retractor 64, 64f
Malnutrition 928
Malocclusion 382, 558
acquired 403
Malposed teeth 285, 307
Mandible 318, 603f, 664, 672, 929
anatomy of 603
applied surgical anatomy of 603
biomechanics of 553
blood supply of 980
body 603
fracture of 606
excess 426
fractures of 298
condylar process of 632
height of 324
involvement of 752
lateral oblique view of 14
segmental resection of 1097
transverse deficiency 504f
venous drainage of 981
Mandibular alveolar ridge 664
Mandibular anesthesia 198
techniques of 198
Mandibular anterior
forceps 289
subapical osteotomy 461f
Mandibular body
fracture 615f
nonunion of 629f
osteotomy 458, 461f
Mandibular bone, age changes in 603f
Mandibular canine 309
incision for 330
Mandibular channel retractor 81, 82f
Mandibular component 345
Mandibular condyle 345, 364
head, shapes of 347f
Mandibular cowhorn forceps 289
Mandibular cyst, median 734
Mandibular defects, reconstruction of 1098
Mandibular deficiency 426f, 427f
Mandibular distraction osteogenesis 498, 505
Mandibular excess 426
Mandibular extraction forceps 289f
Mandibular foramen 202f
position of 202
Mandibular forceps 289
Mandibular fossa 345
Mandibular fracture 534f, 605, 606, 611, 612, 616, 625
bone plating in 623
classification of 603, 606
etiology of 606
fixation of 613
incidence of 606
management of 611, 614
complications of 629
radiological assessment of 611
repair of 602
treatment protocols for 613
Mandibular infected buccal cyst 717
Mandibular involvement 1092
Mandibular lesions 712
Mandibular micrognathia 383
Mandibular molar 328
and canines 328
forceps 289
Mandibular nerve 411f, 605, 1059
anterior division of 1059
block 205f
Mandibular osteotomy 363, 458
anterior subapical 461
procedure 462f
Mandibular premolar forceps 289, 309
Mandibular prognathism 426, 426f
Mandibular ramus osteotomies 458, 467
Mandibular retrognathia 383
Mandibular retrognathism 426
Mandibular ridge augmentation 682
Mandibular root forceps 289
Mandibular salivary gland depression 737
Mandibular second molar 309
Mandibular teeth 190, 190f, 294, 318
extraction 294f
Mandibular third molar 309, 314f
surgeries 1041
Mandibular torus removal 673
Mandibulotomy 1094
Mannitol 977
Mantoux testing 1004
Marbus strangulatorius 964
Marcaine 175
Marcus Gunn test 532f
Marfan's syndrome 218, 724, 865f
Marginal mandibulectomy 1097
contraindications for 1097b
indications for 1097
types of 1097
Marie-Strümpell disease 375
Marsupialization 709, 720
advantages of 706
disadvantages of 706
modifications of 709
Masking procedures 1069
Masks and respirators 134
Mass 218
screening methods 30
Masseter muscle 810f
Masticatory load 668
Masticatory muscle 345
inflammation 351
spasm 351
Masticatory space
computed tomography scan for 937
surgical anatomy 958f
Masticatory system, physical examination of 404
Mattress suture 99
Maxilla 14, 664, 672, 929, 981
excess 426
fractures of 563
inferior positioning of 479
involvement of 752
leveling of 479
midline separation of 570
segmentalization of 482
superior positioning of 480, 482, 485
Maxillary advancement 479
Maxillary and mandibular arch 665f
Maxillary anesthesia, techniques of 192
Maxillary anterior forceps 287, 289
Maxillary antrum 739, 900
benign mucosal cyst of 739
cysts of 699
pseudocyst of 739
Maxillary artery 1031f
ligation of 1147
Maxillary augmentation 682
Maxillary canine 288, 309, 328
incision for 330
Maxillary central incisors 288, 309
Maxillary cowhorn forceps 288
Maxillary distraction osteogenesis 504, 505
Maxillary edentulous ridge 543f
Maxillary excess 427
Maxillary extraction forceps 287, 288f
Maxillary fracture 583, 739
reduction of 536f, 584f
Maxillary growth 889
Maxillary hypoplasia 486f
severe 509f
Maxillary lateral incisors 288, 309
Maxillary molars 288, 328
incision for 330
Maxillary nerve 1031f
course of 1030f
Maxillary osteotomy 739
posterior 459f, 477, 478f, 688
procedures 458, 473
Maxillary panogram 903f
Maxillary pocket inlay vestibuloplasty 678, 679
Maxillary posterior root forceps 289
Maxillary premolar 309
forceps 288
Maxillary sinus 298, 562f, 578, 895, 897f, 898, 904
bony floor of 900
cysts of 898
disorders of 4
endoscopy procedure of 920
growth of 898
infections of 904
inspection of 915
left 21f
lining of 900
opening of 897f
pathologies of 898
tumors of 898
Maxillary sinus afflictions 902
clinical examination of 902
management of 897
Maxillary sinusitis 898, 904
acute 904
chronic 905
Maxillary skeleton, horizontal pillars of 562
Maxillary teeth 294, 318, 608, 900
extraction 294, 294f
Maxillary third molars 309
classification 315
forceps 289
Maxillary tuberosity
fractures of 298, 308f
reduction 673, 674f
Maxillary vestibular incision 459f, 587
Maxillectomy 756, 757f, 758f
bony cuts for 757f
defect, rehabilitation of 757f
Maxillofacial bone
benign 781
lesions of 778, 781t
Maxillofacial complex 18
Maxillofacial distraction osteogenesis, devices for 493
Maxillofacial fractures 537
Maxillofacial injuries 518
basic principles of 517
causes of 529
etiology of 529
local clinical examination of 531
management of 517
treatment of severe 517
Maxillofacial pain 1029f
Maxillofacial region, applications in 20
Maxillofacial skeleton, injuries of 529
Maxillofacial structures 18
Maxillofacial surgery 4, 490, 1197
premedication for 227
Maxillofacial trauma 273, 515, 523f
care 76
Maxillomandibular fixation 359, 536, 602
Mayo curved heavy duty dissecting scissors 61
Mayo-Hegar needle holder 74, 74f
McCune-Albright syndrome 789, 790
McGrath laryngoscope 246
McLaughlin's tarsorrhaphy 1071
Meal time syndrome 830
Measles 375
mumps, rubella vaccine 131
Mechanical nerve injuries, classification of 1042
Mechanical obstacles, removal of 362
Mechanical open soft tissue injuries classification 521
Mechanical trauma 521
causes of 521
Mechanical ventilation 257
Mechanical wound closure devices 103
Meclocycline 156
Medial pterygoid muscle 608, 1059
Mediastinitis 971
descending necrotizing 972f
Mediastinum
anterior 972f
posterior 972f
Medical emergency 1154
management of 1137
Medical health records 1202
Medical records, types of 1202
Medical supportive therapy 940
Medical waste, disposal procedure of 146
Medication-induced sialadenosis 840
Medicolegal case 1202, 1203, 1203t
Medicolegal considerations 1197
Medullary tractotomy 1038
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor 748
Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome 1063
Membrane expansion theory 170
Mendel Nevin's method 191
Mendelian theory 309
Meningitis 971
Meniscectomy 362
Meniscus 347
Menstruation period 286
Mental nerve
block 204
transposition 691
Meperidine 57
Mephenesin carbamate 1027
Mepivacaine 58, 171, 173, 175
Mesenchymal connective tissue origin 746
Mesial papilla preservation 1123
Mesioangular impaction 314, 333
Mesiodens 308
Mesoderm theory, migration of 868
Metabolism 172
Metal chelates, formation of 156
Metal mouth props 69f
Metal tracheostomy tube 76
Metallic halo frame 546f
Metallic tracheostomy tube, reusable 77f
Metaplasia 719
Metastatic oral cancers 1103
Methacycline 156
Methamphetamine 176
Methicillin 153
Methohexitone 260, 268
disadvantages of 268
Methyl paraben 175
Meticulous presurgical orthodontics 448
Metoclopramide 227
Metronidazole 45, 57, 148, 163, 969
Micognathia, severe 382
Miconazole 162
Microbial agent 149
Microbiology 973, 976
Microfibrillar collagen 1145
Microneurosurgery 1054
indications for 1053
Microorganisms
types of 128
virulence of 928
Micropore tape 103
Microtrauma 409
Microvascular decompression 1028, 1037
Midazolam 224, 257, 260, 266, 276
Mid-crestal approach 1123
Middle concha 897f
Middle meatus 897f
Middle superior alveolar 898
Midface fractures 566
treatment of 583
Midfacial skeleton, physical characteristics of 560
Mid-symphysis osteotomy 460, 461f
Mikulicz's disease 841
Millard's incision 884
advantages of 880t
disadvantages of 880t
Millard's rotation advancement operation 879f
Millard's technique 882
advantages of 884
Miller and Calburn bone file 71
Minibone plate osteosynthesis 623f
Minimal invasive surgery 1188
Minimal sedation 213, 258, 259
Miniplate osteosynthesis 555, 556f, 623
application of 624
Minnesota retractor 62
Minocycline 156, 157
Misch bone density classification 1111t
Misch prosthetic options 1112f
Mock surgery 454
protocol for 454
Model surgery, aims of 454
Modular sialendoscope 824f
Molt's curette 68, 70f
Monks' pattern 593
Monoamine oxidase 228
Monocortical miniplate fixation, clinical application of 557
Monocortical noncompression plates and screws, types of 623f
Monocortical screw system 555
Monocryl-polyglecaprone 94
Monocular diplopia 578
Monocytes 26
Monofilament
polypropylene 91
synthetic absorbable suture 94
Monofocal distraction 493
Monomaxillary fixation 585
Monopolar diathermy 85
Monostatic bone 603
Monostotic fibrous dysplasia 782, 789
Moon's probe 65, 65f
Moore Gillbe collar technique 330, 331f
Morphine 57, 224, 225
Morphofunctional cleft palate repair 886, 887f
Motion, range of 404
Mouth
breathing 269
floor of 1089
gag 68
opening, maximum 327
prop-bite blocks 68
Mouth-to-airway breathing 1170
Mouth-to-mask
breathing 1171
ventilation 1161f
Mouth-to-mouth breathing 1170, 1170f
Mouth-to-nose breathing 1170
Mucocele 703, 740, 833
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma 843, 844
low-grade 846f
Mucoid cyst 740
Mucolytic agents 905
Mucoperiosteal flap 339, 585, 689
design 330f
reflection of 305f, 328, 335f
Mucoperiosteal tunneling 459f
Mucosa and skin, reconstruction of 1099f
Mucosal hypertrophy 902
Mucosal laceration 298
Mucosal trauma 56
Mucositis 55, 898, 1007
Mucous extravasation cyst 833
Mucous membrane 133, 136, 218
Mucous retention cyst 833
Mucous saliva 809
Multicystic conventional ameloblastoma 765f
Multilocular lesions, large 727
Multiple teeth extractions, order of 301
Mumps 837
Mural ameloblastoma 764, 764f
Mural growth theory 700
Murphy's chamber 245
Muscle 255, 521
accessory 345
dissection 882f
function 350
pains 250
palpation 406
sequence of 406
sites of 406
relaxants 249, 412
spasm of 605
transposition 1067
trigger points 402
Muscular examination 405
Muscular hyperfunction 402
Muscular neck, short 218
Musculoaponeurotic system, superficial 371
Musculoskeletal system 217
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 51, 115, 129, 1001
Mycoplasma pneumoniae 156
Mycotic infections 839
Myelinated peripheral nerve, structure of 1040f
Mylohyoid muscle 608, 627, 628f, 742, 813, 835, 856f, 951f, 952f
Myocardial infarction 8, 286, 1164
acute 40
Myocardium 176
Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome 351, 401403, 403fc, 404, 411, 535
Myofibrotic contractures 351
Myositis 351
ossificans 351
Myospasm 351
Myxofibroma 748, 775
Myxoma 748, 753
N
N2O sedation, purpose of 256
N95 respirator 136
Nalidixic acid 159
Naloxone 1160, 1165
Naproxen 57
Narcotic agonists 260
Narrow-spectrum antibiotic, uses of 152
Nasal airway 238
Nasal bones 600f
and zygoma, displacement of 562f
fractures of 598, 598f, 599
Nasal catheter 244
Nasal cavities 14, 866, 897f
Nasal cuffed
south pole tube 272f
tube 236f
Nasal decongestants 914
Nasal discharge, unilateral 911
Nasal endoscopy 920
Nasal fractures 599f
reduction of 600f
Nasal infections 944
Nasal obstruction 262
Nasal processes, lateral 867
Nasal prongs 244, 1157f
Nasal rasp 73
Nasal septum 866
separator 81
Nasal spine 82f
anterior 441
posterior 441
retractor 81
Nasal splint 600f
Nasal vestibule cyst 740
Nasal wing cyst 740
Nasoalveolar moulding appliances 878
Nasoextra-alveolar cyst 740
Nasogastric tube 84, 84f
Nasolabial angle 437
Nasolabial cyst 740, 944
Nasomaxillary hypoplasia 430, 430f, 431f
Nasopalatine cyst 735f
Nasopalatine duct cyst 734
Nasopalatine nerve block 197
Nasopharyngeal airway 237, 238, 518f, 1156
onsertion of 239f
Nasopharyngeal tubes 239f
Nasopharynx 20
Nasotracheal intubation 272, 273, 274f, 280
complication 280
Natural collagen sponge 1145
Natural tooth and implant 1110f
Nausea 217, 252, 257, 263, 270
N-butyl-cyanoacrylate 103
Near normal function, restoration of 411
Neck
extensors 407
management of 1101fc
Neck dissection 1091
classification of 1101
Neck lymph nodes
clinical examination of 1099
management of 1099
surgical treatment of 1100
Necrotic tooth germs, removal of 997
Necrotizing fasciitis 973, 975f
Necrotizing mediastinitis 972
Necrotizing sialometaplasia 841, 842
Necrotizing ulcerative
gingivitis 51
periodontitis 51
stomatitis 51
Needle 179
bevel 181
body 96
breakage, prevention of 209
decompression 939
parts of 180, 181b, 181f
pathway during insertion 194
point 95, 96
selection of 179
size selection of 182
stick injury 141
Neisseria gonorrhoeae 129, 156
Neobone formation 491f
Neoplasm 746, 842, 944
benign 818
Neoplastic transformation 988
Neostigmine 268
Nephritis 286
Nerve
anastomosis 1067
avulsion 1028
block 184, 192
decompression 1067
dissection 850
guidance conduits 1057
hook 80
innervation 577
motor root of 1059
peripheral 1032
regeneration 1043, 1055, 1056, 1057f
repair procedures 1053
sensory root of 1059
sheath, peripheral 799
surgical treatments, peripheral 1028
Nerve grafting 1055
technique of 1068
Nerve injury 298, 1042t
acute 1052, 1053b
consequences of 1042
peripheral 1048
surgical management for 1067
Neural injuries 580
Neuralgia 1041
classical trigeminal 1022b
intermittent pain of 402
Neurectomy
infraorbital 1029
peripheral 1028
Neurilemmoma 799
Neuritis 1041, 1046
Neurofibroma 801
cutaneous 803
Neurofibromatosis 802, 803
Neurogenic
shock 1153
tumors 749, 799
Neurolept analgesia 261
Neurological disorders 48, 286, 351
Neurolysis, external 1054
Neuroma
central 1045
eccentric 1045
excision of 1054
ineffective healing 1045
types of 1046f
Neuromuscular blocking drugs 249
types of 250fc
Neuromuscular diseases 217
Neuromuscular function 353
Neurontin 1026
Neuropathic events following nerve injury 1045
Neuropathic pain 1053b
Neuropathy 1041
Neuropraxia 1042, 1043, 1044f, 1067
Neurorrhaphy 1054, 1055, 1067f
procedures 1067
Neurosensory test 1046, 1048f, 1048fc, 1050
Neurosurgical procedures, central 1037
Neurotmesis 1042, 1044
Neutrophils 26
Nitroglycerin 1159
Nitrous oxide 58, 251, 255, 257, 262
Nobel biocare X 1188f
Nodal metastasis 1100
Nodular leukoplakia 1076f, 1077
Nomenclature Committee of American Association for Cleft Palate Rehabilitation 869b
Nonabsorbable sutures 92, 103
Non-autoclavable instruments, procedure for 55
Nonbarbiturate hypnotics 260
Non-biohazardous material 145
Noncompression bone plate 555
simple 623
Noncritical quaternary ammonium compounds 117
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular agents 250
Nondisplaced fracture 642f
Nondisposable metallic syringes 179
Nondisposable syringes
advantages of 179b
disadvantages of 179b
Nondominant hand, role of 295
Nonepithelial cysts 699
Nonepithelial pseudocysts, category of 697
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 51
Noniatrogenic odontogenic infections 925
Noninflammatory asymptomatic enlargement 840
Nonionizing radiation 114
types of 114
Non-neoplastic bone lesions 749, 787
Nonodontogenic benign tumors 746
Nonodontogenic cysts 698, 898
Nonodontogenic epithelial origin 699
intraosseous cyst of 734
Nonodontogenic fissural cysts 740
Nonodontogenic infections 925
Nonodontogenic nonepithelial lined bone cysts 736
Nonodontogenic tumors 746, 748, 749t, 753
Nonrebreathing valve 232
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
analgesic agents 905
drugs 8, 269, 412, 1148
Nonsyndromic clefts 865
Noonan syndrome 724
Normal disk movement 409f
Normal facial
proportions 436f
width, re-establish 583f
Nose 9
Nostrils, stricture of 278
Nuclear medicine 936
Nuclear paralysis 1062
Nucleic acid 30
Nutrition 349
Nutritional deficiency 630
Nutritional impairment 382
Nutritional problems 402
Nutritional status 91
Nystatin 58, 162
O
Obesity 217
Oblique subsigmoid osteotomy 467f
Obstructive disorders 829
Obstructive pulmonary disease 8
Obstructive sleep apnea 377, 501, 508f
syndrome, severe 383
Obwegeser's buccal 691f
Obwegeser's figure 619
Obwegeser's method 544, 544f
Obwegeser's modification 670f
Obwegeser's ramus retractor 62
Obwegeser's skin grafting vestibuloplasty 681f
Obwegeser's technique 681
Occipitomandibular syndrome 310
Occipito-mental projection 14
Occlusal discrepancies, pretreatment 487f
Occlusal disharmony 403
Occlusal soft resilient splints 414f
Occlusal splint
designs of 413
therapy 413
Occlusal view maxilla 318
Ochsenbein-Luebke
flap design 339
submarginal envelope flap 339f
Octocaine 172
Ocular motion, range of 580f
Oculomotor nerve 577
Odontectomy, indications for 333
Odonto-ameloblastoma 747
Odontogenic abscess, general course of 931
Odontogenic benign tumors 746, 746b
Odontogenic cysts 697, 698, 701, 714, 718, 721, 747, 898
new classification of 698b
Odontogenic ectomesenchyme 760, 770
Odontogenic epithelial remnants 700
Odontogenic epithelium 760, 770, 774
Odontogenic fibroma 748, 774
central 774
peripheral 774
Odontogenic ghost
cyst 698
lesions, classification of 721
Odontogenic infection 21f, 149, 927, 929, 943, 944, 949, 951f, 958f, 965, 980, 983
chronic 931f
distant spread of 964
microbiology of 926
pathways of 926
surgical treatment for 933
types of 929
Odontogenic keratocyst 703, 723, 732, 747, 1193
histopathology of 733
Odontogenic lesions, ghost cell family of 721
Odontogenic mixed tumors, classification of 770
Odontogenic myxoma 775, 775f
Odontogenic sinusitis 904
Odontogenic tumors 746, 748, 752, 760, 775, 819
mixed 770
origin of 746b
Odontoma 770, 771
complex 748, 772, 772f, 773f
compound 748, 771, 771f
composite 771f
excision of 773
Ogata classification 576fc
Oleuritis 8
Onlay bone grafting procedure 684f, 685f
Open biopsy 826
Open fracture 534, 606
Open lesions 1002
Open procedures 1037
Open reduction 536, 583, 613
and direct fixation 585, 615
contraindications for 615
Open rhinoplasty procedure 892f
Open surgery
absolute indications for 649
indications for 649
Open wounds 520
Opening airway 1169, 1169f
Operating room aseptic procedures 120
Operation theater 143
antiseptic environment for 122
waste disposal 143
Ophthalmic nerve 1059
Ophthalmic vein 577
Ophthalmologic examination 935
Opioids 224, 225
Optic foramen 564
Optic glioma 803
Oral administration 153, 223
Oral and maxillofacial
prosthetics 663
region 4
Oral and maxillofacial surgery 3, 5, 6, 59, 82, 211, 271, 1105
applications in 18
indications in 84
local anesthesia in 167
principles of 1
procedures 1062
recent advances in 1179, 1181
scope of 3
Oral anticoagulant drugs 38, 1150
Oral cancer 1075, 1088, 1091f, 1102fc
advanced 1097fc
composite resection for 1098f
early stage 1093, 1094
management 1103
neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 1102
recurrent 1103
treatment of 1093
Oral cavity 4, 520f, 866, 927f, 1088, 1094
anatomical subsites of cancer in 1088
benign cysts of 704
cancer in 1089f
cysts of 704
epidermoid cysts of 742f
incision for 303
malignant pathology of 4
salivary glands of 809f
soft tissue 286
cysts of 720
squamous cell carcinoma of 1090
Oral cavity cancer 1094, 1098b, 1102
imaging for 1091
management of 1093
staging of 1093t
subsites of 1088
Oral CDx brush biopsy 31
Oral clindamycin 933
Oral commissure 328
Oral contraceptives 154, 158, 159
Oral cuffed tube 236f
Oral cysts 744
Oral cytological procedures, disadvantages of 30
Oral dysplasia detection, clinical use for 30
Oral human papillomavirus 1090
Oral hypoglycemic drugs 1086f
Oral leukoplakia, treatment of 1077
Oral lichen planus 1085, 1086t
Oral malignancies 1073
secondary infections of 965
Oral preparation salts 158
Oral soft tissue 697
cysts of 698fc
lesions 132
Oral submucous fibrosis 1080, 1082f, 1084f, 1089f
classification of 1081
histopathological features of 1081b
management of 1083
pathogenesis of 1081fc
signs of 1081b
staging of 1081
surgical management of 1085f
symptoms of 1081b
Oral surgery 4, 490
management of 1139
principles of 299
Oral surgical procedures
minor 283, 1209
principles of 299
Orbit
applied anatomy of 576
bony 576f
fractures of floor of 576
Orbital apex syndrome 577
Orbital fissure syndrome, superior 577
Orbital floor
comminution of 596
fracture 577, 578
reconstruction of 585
Orbital fracture 1187f
blow in 578
classification of 577
pathophysiology of 577
Orbital rim
comminution of 596
displacement of 596
Orbital wall
fractures 577
lateral 576
superior 576
Organ failure, multiple 972f
Organ system
abnormalities 218
general health and review of 217
Organ transplant therapy 938
Organisms, virulence of 979
Oroantral communication 899, 903, 908, 910, 914
management of 914b
Oroantral fistula 898, 907, 909f, 914, 916f
Oroantral perforation 908
Orofacial and neck infections 923, 925
Orofacial clefts 861, 863
Orofacial digital syndrome 724
Orofacial granulomatosis 1063
Orofacial infection 151t, 934, 964
spread of 927
Orofacial region 524f
local anesthesia for 169
tumors of 695
Oromaxillofacial region 697
Oropharyngeal airway 237, 238f, 518f, 1156, 1157f
device 238f
tube in situ 519f
Oropharyngeal toilet 519
Oropharynx 912
Orotracheal intubation 272, 274f
Orthodontic appliance, selection of 448
Orthodontic camouflage 434
Orthodontic treatment 310, 891, 891f
consideration 286
Orthodontics objectives, postsurgical 452
Orthognathic surgery 4, 80, 423, 425, 434, 435, 456, 682, 686, 1186f
biological basis for 457
historical development of 456
preparation of 311
quick ceph dentofacial planner for 440, 446
Orthognathic surgical procedures 286
Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst 730, 732
histopathology of 733
Orthopantograph 903
Orthopantomogram 14, 318, 318f, 718f
Orthopantomograph 325, 379
Orthophthaldehyde 116, 118
Orthovoltage therapy 56
Osmotic pressure theory 700
Osseointegration 1107, 1108
Brånemark's theory of 1108
process 1109
steps of 1109
Osseous
dysplasia 781
integration 1108
pathological process 407
Ossifying fibroma 777, 781
Ostectomy, peripheral 713
Ostene 1145
Osteoarthritis 352, 375
Osteoarthrosis 352, 417
Osteoblastoma 749, 785
benign 785, 785f
Osteochondroma 352, 786
Osteoclast-activating factor 701
Osteoclastic activity, failure of 1006
Osteogenic neoplasms 749
Osteogenic nonodontogenic tumors 781
Osteoid osteoma 749, 783, 785
Osteoinductive grafts 1189
Osteoma 352, 783, 819
peripheral 783f, 784f
Osteomyelitis 56, 910, 938, 965, 979, 981, 1001f
acute
pyogenic 982
suppurative 982
chronic 931, 983f, 984, 984f, 986f, 987f, 992f, 993f, 996
sclerosing 986f, 997
classification of 982
maxilla 991f
staging of 982
treatment plan 996t
types of 996
Osteonecrosis, biphosphanate- induced 1005, 1005f
Osteopetrosis 310, 630
Osteoradionecrosis 56, 1006, 1008f, 1009f
chronic 1008f
Osteosarcoma 1088
Osteosynthesis 655b, 656f
internal 550
stable 652
Osteotome 72, 73f
protocol for 457
soft tissue incisions for 457
Osteotomy 469, 490, 855
bilateral sagittal split 359, 471
cuts 81
lateral 473f
horizontal 466
pedicled 686
subsigmoid 359
horseshoe-shaped 483f, 485
interdental 455, 475f
inverted L-shaped 359
posterior segmental 687
procedures 456
segmental 452f
Otic ganglion 1059
Otitis media 375
Ovarian cysts 217
Owl's radiofrequency system 1035f, 1036f
Oxazepam 224
Oxcarbazepine 1025
Oxidizing agents 116
Oxycel 1144
Oxycodone 57
Oxygen
administration via face mask 1158f
cylinder 243, 243f
delivery 231, 1158
equipments 243
flowmeter 243f, 244
mask 243f, 244
source 272, 1156
supplement 257
therapy
nasal prongs for 244f
with mask 243f
Oxytetracycline 156, 157
Ozone gas sterilization 118
P
Pacemaker cells 177
Pain 169, 263, 525, 534, 558, 911, 932
acute 412
and discomfort assessment
questionnaire 1047
chronic 402
control of 257, 412, 989
disorder 401
dysfunction syndrome 401
excruciating 911
rarely crosses midline 1021
reduction of 411
Painful dental surgery 261
Painful jerking 1019
Palatal abscess 946
Palatal anesthesia 195
Palatal approach 197
Palatal cyst, median 734
Palatal infiltration 191, 191f
Palatal mucoperiosteal flap 917
Palatal papillary hyperplasia 674
Palatal pedicled flap 916
Palatal pressure 297
Palatal rotational-advancement flap 917f
Palatal subperiosteal abscess 946f
Palatal torus, excision of 672
Palate 866
components, primary 868
Palatine nerves 1031f
Palpation 10, 532
Pancreatic disease 46
Pancreatitis 28
Pancuronium 250
Panfacial fractures 602f
Panfacial trauma 601
Papilla, tearing of 102
Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum 842, 843
Paradental cysts 717
Paraform method 121
Paraformaldehyde method 121
Parafunctional habits 402
Paralysis 1061
Paramedian mandibulotomy osteotomy cuts 1097f
Paranasal sinuses, high-resolution computed tomographic examination of 919
Parant scale, modified 325
Paraperiosteal infiltration injection 189
Parapharyngeal spaces 961
Parasitic cysts 699, 743
Parasitic infection 129
Parasympathetic pathway 815
Parasympathetic secretomotor fibers 1058
Parasymphysis mandibular fracture, bilateral 518f
Parathyroid 310
Paresis 1061
Paresthesia 597, 605, 900, 1040, 1041
Paris dental casts, plaster of 455f
Paris headcap, plaster of 546
Paris skull cap, plaster of 545f
Parotid and parapharyngeal spaces 821f
Parotid capsule 812
Parotid duct 812, 853
injuries assessment 525
Parotid fascia 812, 850
Parotid gland 22f, 25, 810, 810f, 811f, 839f, 847, 848
anatomy 810f
complete excision of 851
deep lobe of 853
excision of superficial 855
normal 819
Parotid space 956
abscess 957f
Parotid tail, dissection of 854
Parotid tissue, separation of 855
Parotidectomy
deep lobe 855
lateral 847
partial superficial 847
superficial 847, 848, 849f
types of 847
Parotid omasseteric fascia 371f
Parotitis 375
acute 838
chronic recurrent 838
Paroxysmal pain, modifications of 1024
Patent ductus arteriosus 165
Pathologic tissues, removal of 338
Pathological fracture 534
prevention of 311
Patil's test 220
Pediatric cardiac arrest management 1176fc
Pediatric oral uncuffed tube 236f
Pedicled augmentation 686
Pell and Gregory classification 314, 315f
Penicillin 57, 148, 149, 153, 165, 914, 933, 969, 999
measurements of 153
semisynthetic derivatives of 969
Penicillium notatum 153
Penrose drain 84
Pentax airway scope 246, 247f
Pentazocine 57, 224, 226, 260
Pentobarbitone 224
Peracetic acid 117, 118
Peralveolar wiring procedure 543
Percutaneous balloon microcompression 1037
Percutaneous intra-lesional calcitonin
injections 739
Percutaneous puncture instruments 417
Percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation 1034
Percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizolysis 1034
Percutaneous rhizotomy 1028, 1033
success rate of 1037
Periapical cemental dysplasia 748, 791, 792t
Periapical cementoma 791
Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia 791
Periapical fibrous dysplasia 748
Periapical infection 928f
Periapical involvement 900
Pericoronitis 312, 949
acute 287
severe 938
treatment of 312
Peri-implant bone
loss, wedge-shaped 1132
resorption 1132f
Peri-implant mucosa, marginal portion of 1132
Peri-implantitis 1132
nonsurgical management of 1133
surgical management of 1133
Periodontal abscess, acute 930, 932, 932t, 965
Periodontal cysts 703
developmental lateral 720
Periodontal disease 56, 664
severe 285
Periodontal membrane 327
Periodontitis, acute generalized 287
Periosteal elevators 65
Periosteal osteogenic power 399
Periosteum 928
Periostitis 998
Permanent teeth
ankylosis of 310
blocking eruption of 285
Persistent tension relieving oral habits 403
Personal protective equipment, removal of 137
Pethidine 224, 226, 260
Petrous ridge compression 1020
Pfifer classification 871f
Phagocytosis 349
Pharmacotherapy 411b
Pharyngeal nerve, ascending 852f
Pharyngeal space, lateral 961
Phenergan 225
Pheniramine maleate 1159
Phenol 118
derivatives 116
Phenolic compounds 117
Phenothiazines 224, 225
Phenytoin 1027
Pheochromocytoma 217
Photodynamic therapy 1133
Phylogenic theory 309
Physical disorders 402
Physiological stress 402
Pierre Robin
sequence 865f
syndrome 218
Pimozide 1026
Pindborg tumor 768
Piperacillin 153
Piperocaine 170
Pituitary glands 310
Plain conventional radiography, shortfalls of 14
Plasma
cholinesterase 171
coagulation 1144
tissue management system 1191, 1191f
Plastic coping 1116f
Plastic syringes 179
Plate
bending 624f
exposure of 558
removal of 557
Platelet 1142
count 26, 45, 1142
derived growth factors 492
dysfunction 1142
rich plasma 1145
transfusion indications 49
Pleomorphic adenoma 820f, 842, 843, 844f, 845f, 854f
Pleuronic lecithin organogel 1053
Plexiform ameloblastoma 763f
Plunging ranula 835
Pneumocele 898
Pneumonia 8
Polarity gene patched 698
Polyamides 93
Polyarthritis 375
Polyclonal hyperglobulinemia 841
Polydioxanone 92, 94
monofilament synthetic absorbable suture 94
Polyenes 161
Polyesters 93
Polyethylene tube 706f
Polyglactin 94
Polyglycolic acid 94, 1054
Polyisoprene 137
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes 26, 741
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia 790
Polyp 278
Polypharmacy 1207
Polypropylene 93
Polytetrafluoroethylene 93
Polyvinyl chloride 114, 241f
Popowich and Crane incision 371f
Popowich's incision 370, 383
Porphyromonas endodontalis 926
Porphyromonas gingivalis 926
Positron emission tomography 986, 1182
Post-accidental management 141
Postanesthesia
care unit 257
discharge scoring system 263
Postarthrocentesis medication 416
Postauricular approach 365, 366
Postauricular incision 383
Postauricular lymph node palpation 11f
Postcardiac arrest complications 1173
Post-cleft lip and palate deformity 507f
Postconsolidation orthodontic management 497
Postextraction bleeding 4
Postextraction care 298
Postglenoid tubercle 345
Postnasal drip 911
Postponement pill 229
Post-radiation sarcoma 739
Postramal-Hinds incision 366f, 383
Post-traumatic
midface deficiency 509f
neuralgia 1020
Potassium 27
permanganate
crystals 121
method 121
peroxymonosulfate 122
Potential fascial spaces, secondary 955
Povidone-iodine 118, 125
Preanesthetic considerations 266
Preanesthetic evaluation 216
Preauricular incision 368f, 369f
modified 370f
Preauricular lymph node palpation 11f
Precancerous condition 1075
Precancerous lesion 1075
Prednisolone 58
Pre-extraction radiological evaluation 300
Pregabalin 1026
Pregnancy 159, 217, 286
history of 57
Pre-irradiation dental care 1014
Pre-leukoplakia 1077
Premalignant lesions 1075t
classification of 1075
Premaxilla 758f
Premedicant drugs 224
Premedication 223, 227, 266
Preprosthetic surgery 663, 665
Preprosthetic surgical procedures 4, 667
Pressure syringe 179
Presterilization cleaning 105
Presurgical data 438
Presurgical decompensation 447
Presurgical dentofacial orthopedics 878
Presurgical intra-arch objectives 448
Presurgical orthodontic 451f
Prevertebral fascia 943f
Prevertebral space 963
Prevotella intermedius 926
Prilocaine 58, 171, 173, 175
Primary teeth, ankylosis of 310
Primordial odontogenic tumor 770, 771
Proboscis lateralis 871f
Procaine penicillin 153
Progesterone pill 229
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia 1077
Promethazine 224, 225, 260
Prophylaxis against tetanus 527
Propofol 257, 260, 261, 270
Propoxyphene 57
Propulsive drugs 227
Prosthetic abutments 1116f
Prosthetic classification 1112
Prosthetic complications 1134
Prosthetic heart valves replacement 40
Protective eyewear 136
Protective muscle splinting 351
Prothrombin time 27, 45, 1142
Protrusive movement 350
Prying motion 65
Pseudoarthrosis 656
Pseudocyst 697, 699
Pseudohypoplasia 9
Pseudomonas 151
Psychosomatic origin 828
Psychosomatic trismus 351
Psychotropic drugs 228
Pterygoid canal, nerve of 1059
Pterygoid fovea 636
Pterygoid laminae 568
Pterygoid muscle 349f, 645
lateral 363f, 645
Pterygoid pillar 563
Pterygoid plates 563
Pterygomandibular block 198, 203f
Pterygomandibular space 200, 960f
Pterygomaxillary fossa 1030f, 1031f
Pterygopalatine fossae 955
Pterygopalatine ganglion 1059, 1060
Ptyalism 827
Pulmonary infection 129
Pulmonary tuberculosis 286
Pulsations, presence of 750
Pulse 1168
monitoring 1153
oximeter 242, 242f, 1157, 1158f
rate 217
Pulseless electrical activity 1175, 1176
Punch
biopsy 32
option 1123
Pupils 1168
Pure blowout fracture 577
PVC cuffed endotracheal tube 272f
Pyramidal fracture 566, 568
Pyrexia 935, 998
Pyriform
aperture suspension 548f
fossa 548f
Pyrimethamine 148
Q
Q-fever 156
Quaternary ammonium compounds 116, 118, 139
Quick Ceph 10 measurement analysis 440
Quinalbarbitone 224
Quinoline 171
Quinolones 159
Quinsy 963
R
Radiation caries 56
Radiation therapy 55
postoperative 1094
indications for 1102
Radical neck dissection 1101
modified 1100, 1101
Radical surgical treatment 713
Radical total parotidectomy 847
Radical treatment 1009
Radicular cyst 697, 711f, 714, 714f716f, 717
Radiofrequency
neurolysis, peripheral 1032
rhizotomy 1034
thermocoagulation procedure 1035
Radiograph interpretations 903
Radiograph orthopantomogram 432
Radioisotope scanning 986
Radionecrotic wounds, treatment of 1010t
Radionuclide 99m technetium labeled phosphate 24
Radionuclide salivary imaging 823
Radiopaque dyes 703
Radiotherapy 56, 1094
Rail traffic accidents 1203
Rail-road technique 277
Raltegravir 144
Rampley's sponge holder 59
Ramsay-Hunt syndrome 1064, 1064f
Ramus retractor 80
Ramus stripper 80
Ramus-condyle unit
reconstruction of 390, 392
total joint 382
Ranitidine 227
Ranula 703, 834
Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry 1192
Rational drug selection, process of 1208t
Rational pharmacotherapy 1207
Ratner's jaw bone cavities 1020
Raxatrigine 1027
Reconstruction plate 628, 629
Rectal administration 223
Recumbent technique 357
Red blood cell
count 26
transfusion indications 50
Red rubber reusable endotracheal tubes 236f
Redundant crestal soft tissue, removal of 674
Reef knotting method 98
Regional anesthesia, injection techniques for 183
Regional muscle transpositions 1069
Regurgitation 217
Rehabilitation 941
Rehrmann's buccal advancement flap, modified 916
Relaxation splints 415
Remodel foreign material 1111f
Removable dentures, cleaning of 54
Renal damage 159
Renal diseases 44
Renal disorders 45
Renal failure 250
Renal function tests 27
Renal pathologies 8
Renal system 217
Replacement therapy, level of 1148
Reproductive system 8, 217
Residual alveolar ridges, rate of resorption of 664
Residual cyst 717, 717f
Resorbable osteosynthetic devices 552
Respiration 1168
Respiratory diseases 43
Respiratory distress 382
signs of 518
symptoms of 518
Respiratory gas monitor 243
Respiratory obstruction 269
causes of 518
Respiratory problems 614
Respiratory system 174, 177, 217, 252, 255, 286
diseases of 8, 218
Resuscitation 231
bag 240
cardiopulmonary 1158, 1160f, 1168, 11741176
outcomes of 1174
Retention cyst 699, 739, 740
Retrobulbar hemorrhage 581
Retrodiskal tissue 348
Retrognathia, severe 382
Retrograde amnesia 530
Retrograde facial nerve dissection, surgical technique for 851
Retrograde intubation 383
Retrograde method 277
Retrograde nasal intubation, steps of 278f
Retromandibular
approach 366
fossa 1147
incision 1147
Retromolar gingiva 1089
Retromolar intubation technique 276, 276f
Retromolar trigone 1089
Retropharyngeal space 943f, 963
Retropreparation 340
Retrozygomatic space 948
Retrusion 350
Rheumatic heart disease 8, 37, 39, 165, 286
Rheumatic hypothesis 1064
Rheumatoid arthritis 352, 375
juvenile 352
Rhinoplasty 486
Rhinoscopy, anterior 906, 919
Rhizotomy 1034, 1038
Rhomboid flap, three-sided 305, 305f
Rhytidectomy 371, 372f
Rib cage picture 390f
Ribonucleic acid 151, 160
Rickets 310
Rickettsia 156
Ridge augmentation procedures 682
Ridge extension procedures 677
Ridge split
surgical procedure 689
technique 692f
Right angle fracture 618f
Right buccal mucosa 800f
Right eye, proptosis of 581f
Right parasymphysis fracture reduction 616f
Rigid external distractor 504f
Rigid internal fixation 613
Rilpivirine 144
Ring-Adair-Elwyn tubes 237
Ringer's lactate solution 245, 417
Ringer's solution 175
Risdon's approach 364, 365
Risdon's incision 366f, 619
Risdon's wiring 538
Rivaroxaban 1150
Road traffic accident 520, 1203
Robotic surgery 1185, 1187f
Rocuronium 250
Rolitetracycline 156
Rongeurs forceps 71
Root canal beyond root apex 340f
Root development 321, 326
Root end preparation 340
Root fractures 4
Root morphology 326
Root odontectomy 332
Root piece, removal of 901f
Root positioning 452
Root proximity 327
Root resorption and caries, prevention of 310
Root shape 324
Root size 321
Root tip, sectioning of 340
Ropivacaine 171, 175
Rotational advancement flap operation 916
Rotational pressure 297
Routine sinus radiographs 919
Rowe and Killey classification 572, 607, 640, 641f
Rowe and William classification 566
Rowe's disimpaction forceps 78f
Rowe's maxillary disimpaction forceps 78, 79, 584, 584f
Rowe's modified
classification 572
forceps 619
Rubber mouth props 69f
Rubella 130
Ryle's tube 84, 84f
S
Sagittal split
complete 473f
osteotomy 472f, 473f
ramus 470
Salbutamol 1159
Saline, normal 1159
Saliva 136, 810
composition of 810t
electrolyte composition of 826
functions of 809b, 815, 816fc
production 816fc, 829
Salivary analysis 826, 826t
Salivary fistula 858
bilateral 857f
Salivary gland 9, 25, 809, 819
aberrant 827
anatomy 810
benign tumors of 842
classification 809
complications of surgery of 856
cysts of 699, 740, 833
diseases of 3, 4, 809
classification of 817
disorders 10, 807
classification of 817, 817b
diagnosis of 819, 827
surgical management of major 847
dysfunction 827
endoscopy 824
function 841
infections of 836
lesions 818t
major 1006
minor 814, 814f
physiology 815
region, enlargement in 818t
tumor 842
benign 842t
malignant 842t
surgery, goal of 847
Salivary solutes, crystallization of 830
Salivary stones 829
Sandwich grafting 683
Sarcoidosis 842
Sarcoma 1088
Saucerization 992
Scalp needle 244
Scalpel 60
Scarlet fever 375
Schneiderian membrane 898
Schuchardt's technique 478f
Schwann cells 799
Schwannoma 799, 800
Scintigraphy 22, 823, 823f, 1004
advantages of 25
indications of 24
Scleroderma 375
Sclerosing solution injections, uses of 361
Sclerosis, multiple 1020
Scopolamine 224
Sebaceous glands 742
Second-line medicinal therapy 1026
Secretomotor pathway 815
Sedation 226, 323
continuum of depth of 259
inhalational 261
levels of 258
moderate 214, 258, 259
techniques of 259, 265
Seddon's classification 1042, 1042t
Segmental maxillary
osteotomy 473
surgery 473
Seizure 1164
Seldin's retractor 63, 64f
Selective neck dissection 1101
Semilunar flap 305, 305f, 330
Semisynthetic penicillins 153
Semmes-Weinstein filaments 1050f
Sensation, loss of 858
Sensorcaine 175
Sentinel node biopsy 35, 1091
Sepsis, development of 1152
Septal bone, interdental 669f
Septic arthritis 375
Septic foci 54
Septic shock 1152
management of 1152
Septocaine 175
Sequestrectomy 991, 997
Sequestrum holding forceps 71
Seroma 858
Serum
albumin 27
calcium 28
creatinine 27
electrolytes 27
glutamic
oxaloacetic transaminase 27
pyruvic transaminase 27, 28
hepatitis vaccine 132
phosphorus 28
Settle plate method 123
Sevoflurane 251, 255
Sharp infected hospital waste 145
Sharp mylohyoid ridge, reduction of 671, 671f
Shock 28, 1139, 1151
cardiogenic 1152
classification of 1151
clinical manifestations of 1151t
hemorrhagic 1151
hypovolemic 1151
non-hemorrhagic 1151
Short edentulous posterior fragment 609
Short-acting agents 171
Sialadenitis 819, 836
bacterial 818
acute 837
chronic 838, 839f
chronic sclerosing 838
Sialadenosis 840, 840f
Sialendoscope 1188f
Sialendoscopy 824, 831
armamentarium for 824, 824f
diagnostic 824
intracorporeal interventional 832
Sialoangiectasis 831
Sialocele 858
Sialochemistry 826
Sialodochitis 819
Sialography 25, 819, 819t
Sialolith 829, 830
removal of 831
Sialolithiasis 819, 829
Sialorrhea 827
minor 827
Sialosis 840
Siemen's scanners 17
Simple soft splint 414f
Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome 724
Single photon emission computerized tomography 408
Single puncture
arthroscope 1191f
technique 418, 419f
Single tooth
alveolectomy and alveoloplasty 667f
dento-osseous osteotomies 473
Sinoatrial node 226, 254
Sinus
approximation 315
endoscopy 903
floor of 899
formation 931
grafting 686
lift procedure 686
problem 262
Sinusitis 904
acute 904, 905
chronic 904, 905
signs of 912
Sjögren's syndrome 819, 824, 839841
Skeletal analysis 439f
Skeletal anomalies 730
Skeletal assessment 441
Skeletal bimaxillary protrusion 429
Skeletal deep anterior overbite pattern 452
Skeletal dentofacial deformities
severe 434
types of 446
types of 426
Skeletal disease 607
Skeletal fixation
external 545f, 547
indirect 537
Skeletal morphology 665
Skin 9, 117, 218, 521, 1007
closure 373
color 1168
and texture 9
flap
anterior 854
posterior 854
fragility of 360
grafting vestibuloplasty 680
hook 64
hyperelasticity of 360
incision 368
lesions 730
protection 134
reactions 133
sensitivity test 222
sutures 102
Skull 9
fractures of 591
Sleep apnea 217
surgical management of 4
Sleep disturbances 402
Sliding and reduction genioplasty 466f
Slip knot 98
Slit laceration 522
Small cystic lesions 702
enucleation of 710
Smallpox 375
Smith's bone spreaders 82f
Snoring, surgical management of 4
Sodium 27
bicarbonate 1173
chloride 175
solution 245
fluoride mouthwash 56
hypochlorite 119
solution 141
pump 169
Soft and hard tissue trauma 4
Soft aqua splint 414f
Soft palate 876f
cleft 867f
position of 519
Soft resilient splint 413
Soft tissue 9, 310
abscess 929fc
analysis 440f
anomalies 730
assessment 441, 442
basic preprosthetic surgeries 667
complications 1131
components 636
contusion of 632
cysts 699, 734f
odontogenic developmental 720
defects 876
deficiency 1132
developmental cysts of 742
examination, supporting 666
glabella 440
handling 1123
hyperplasia 1131
impaction 313, 323
injuries 520, 611
landmarks 199, 439, 440f
lesions 800
menton 440
nasion 439, 440
nonodontogenic cysts of 742
pathologies 407
planes 972f
pogonion 440
simulation 445
surgeries 667, 674
wounds 523, 524f
multiple 524f
Solitary bone cyst 703, 736, 781, 801
Solitary neurofibroma 801
Solitary plexiform neurofibroma 802
Special dental imaging techniques 18
Spectrum 938
Speech
and language pathologist, role of 888b
impairment 382
therapy 888
Spencer wells forceps 65
Sphenoid greater wing 576f
Sphenoid-zygomaticosphenoidal suture, greater wing of 571
Sphenomandibular ligament 347, 348f
Sphenopalatine ganglion 1031f, 1060
Sphygmomanometer 1157
Spiekermann's classification 1133
Spiessel and Schroll classification 642, 642f
Splint
anterior positioning 415
anterior repositioning 413
fabrication, three-dimensional 445
Spondylitis, ankylosing 375
Spongiosa 603
Spontaneous bleeding 1140
Spontaneous circulation, return of 1168
Spontaneous fracture 534
Spore 107
testing 111, 112
Spot test strip 52f
Spray-wipe-spray technique 139
Sputum 217
Squamous cell carcinoma 1075, 1096f
Squamous odontogenic tumor 753, 768
Square knot 98, 98f
S-shaped incision 335f
Stab incision 933
Stab wounds 522
Stabilization splint 413
Stafne's bone cavity 703
idiopathic 736f, 737
Stannous fluoride gel 56
Staphylococcus
aureus 116, 128
epidermidis 155
Starvation 28
Static air 111
Static infiltration 184
Steam sterilization 104
Steam sterilizers 110
Stellate neuroma 1045
Stem cell 1189
cultured 1190f
Stensen's duct 810f, 812, 819, 855
Stereolithography 1183
Stereophotogrammetry 1183
Sterile abscess 980
Sterile drapes 104
Sterile gloves 104
Sterile goods, storage of 114
Sterile gowns 104
Sterilization 104, 140
cycles 110
methods of 107
monitoring 111
principles of 109
technology, advances in 1193
Sternoclavicular graft 392
Sternoclavicular joint 392
graft 383
Sternocleidomastoid 407
Steroids 229
Stethoscope 1157
Stevens-Johnson syndrome 1025
Stiff joint 375
Stobie technique 285
Stones, posterior 832
Stout's multiloop wiring 540f
Straightening genioplasty 466f
procedure 466
Stratum spinosum 726
Streptococcus
milleri 926
pneumoniae 106, 156
pyogenes 129
Streptomyces aureofaciens 155
Stress management 412
Stretch exercises, acute 412
Stretch laceration 522
Stroke 217, 286
Stump neuromas 1045
Stylohyoid ligament 952f
Stylohyoid muscle 852f
Styloid process 348f, 851, 852f, 952f
Stylomandibular ligament 347, 347f, 348f
Stylomastoid foramen 850
Stylopharyngeus muscles 853
Subapical mandibular
osteotomy procedure, posterior 461
surgeries, segmental 461
Subciliary incision 587
Subcondylar fracture 640, 641, 644
Subconjunctival hemorrhage 9, 524f, 575
Subcutaneous tissue 521
Subcuticular sutures 102
continuous 102f
Sublingual artery 1146
Sublingual gland 835, 847
Sublingual sialadenitis 965
Sublingual space 954
anatomy 954f
computed tomography scan for 936
Subluxated teeth 611
Subluxation 352
Submandibular approach 364, 365
Submandibular duct 814, 856f
sialoliths 832f
transoral sialolithotomy of 831
Submandibular ganglion 1059, 1060f
Submandibular gland 10, 25, 813, 820, 835, 838f, 842, 847
excision 858
normal 819
Submandibular incision 366f, 383
Submandibular lymph node palpation 11f
Submandibular pleomorphic adenoma, left-side 821f
Submandibular Risdon's incision 617f
Submandibular salivary gland 856f
duct 832f
excision of 855
Submandibular sialadenitis 965
Submandibular space 936, 951, 952f
Submarginal envelope flap 339
Submasseteric space 959
Submental intubation 274
Submental lymph node 951f
palpation 11f
Submental oroendotracheal intubation 273
Submental procedures 486
Submental space 951
Submentovertex view 14, 903
Submucosal vestibuloplasty technique 678
Subperiosteal implants 1108f
Subperiosteal infiltration 189
Subsigmoid oblique
osteotomy, advantages of 469
subcondylar osteotomy 468
Subsigmoid ramus osteotomy 467f
Subsigmoid vertical osteotomy 467
advantages of 469
Subzygomatic fracture 566, 568
Suchard and Pfeiffer's classification 870
Suction apparatus 75, 1158
Suction bottles, procedure for 55
Sugar levels 46
Sulfadiazine 159
Sulfamethoxazole 45, 159
Sulfonamides 159
Sunderland nerve injury
fifth-degree 1044
fourth-degree 1044
second-degree 1043
third-degree 1044
Sunderland's classification 1042, 1043
Supernumerary maxillary sinus 898
Supernumerary teeth 308
clinical problems extraction of 308
indications for extraction of 308
Supplementary adjunct procedures 712
Supplementary adjunctive therapies 726
Supplementary infiltration techniques 191
Supportive therapy 527, 938, 989, 997
Suppressing diseases 928
Suppressing drugs 928
Supraerupted tooth 286
Supraglottic airway devices 1157
Supranuclear facial paralysis 1061
Supraorbital rim 373f
fracture 566
Suprazygomatic fracture 568
Sural nerve graft 1056f, 1068f
Surface anesthesia 185
Surgeon's knot 98
being tied 99f
Surgery 370, 397, 467, 473, 909
aims of 382
basic purpose of 299
design and zones 141
objectives of 382
timing for 435
Surgical blades 60
Surgical bleeding 263
Surgical ciliated cyst of maxilla 739
Surgical cotton 93
Surgical curettes 68
Surgical dental procedures 38, 140
Surgical diathermy 84, 85f
Surgical drainage 939
Surgical emphysema 568
Surgical endodontics 338
Surgical extractions 301
Surgical gut 93
Surgical hand
disinfection 123f
instruments 419
Surgical intensive care unit 257
Surgical knot tying 98
Surgical mallet 73
Surgical mask 104, 134
Surgical needle, anatomy of 96f
Surgical site, preparation of 325, 367
Surgical skin staples 103, 103f
Surgical stents, types of 1122f
Surgical tissue adhesives 103
Surgicel 1144
Surgifoam 1144
Suture 1143
cutting scissors 74
dehiscence 625
ligation 306
needles 95, 96f
removal 102
size 91
techniques 88, 99
wounds 32f
Suture material 88, 89t
absorption of 92
basic classification of 88
requisites for 91
selection of 91
principles of 91, 103
tensile strength of 88
Suxamethonium 250
Swab holder 59
variety 66, 67
Sweat glands 742
Sweating, gustatory 398
Swelling 525, 535, 935
allergic 944
extraoral 835f
facial 10
Sympathomimetics 158
Symphysis fracture 605
Symptomatic bradycardia 1158
Syncope 1162
Syndromic association of clefts 864
Synkinesis 1067
Synovial cells, proliferation of 349
Synovial disease 417
Synovial sarcoma 352
Synovial tissue 349
Synovitis 349
Synovium 420
Synthetic absorbable sutures 93, 103
Synthetic bone graft 126f
Synthetic grafting 713
Syphilis 910
congenital 310
Syringes and needles 1157
Systemic antibiotics 1133
Systemic diseases 375
Systemic disorders 607
Systemic joint diseases 410
Systemic lupus erythematosus 840
Systemic toxicity 150
Systolic pressure 1166
T
Tachycardia 250
Tactile brush stroke directional discrimination 1048
Taenia solium 743
Tajima incision 892f
Tannic acid 1144
Tarsorrhaphy 1069
Taste, loss of 55
Tears 522
Teeth 157, 742, 935
absence of 609
alignment 300
ankylosed 307
aspiration of 298
bud, ectopic position of 310
causes of impaction of 309
crown 300
lock under second molar 326
status 326
displaced 629
eruption of 706
extraction of 621b, 940, 1014
complications of 298
fractures of 298, 611
impaction of 309
prevalence of 307
luxation of 611
multiple impacted 319f
neighboring 706f
occlusion of 345
partially impacted 307
prenatal 308
presence of 609
restoration of 1014
simple extraction of 295
splitting of 332
transmigration of 308
unerupted 307
vitality of 702, 706
Temporal artery, superficial 1147
Temporal fascia 388
Temporal fossa 633
Temporal muscle 388
Temporal space, anatomy of 956f
Temporalis fascia 362
Temporalis flap, advantages of 654
Temporalis muscle 346f
tendon, scarification of 362
Temporalis myofascial flap 387
Temporalis myotomy 382
Temporary gingival cuff 1114
Temporofacial division 1060
Temporomandibular disorders 401, 402
Temporomandibular joint 3, 9, 18f, 218, 328, 345, 346f, 349, 349f, 355f, 375, 402, 413f, 419f, 434, 533, 603, 632, 633f, 645f, 1181
acute dislocation of 358b
management of 354
altered structural components of 354
anatomy of 345
ankylosis 218, 236, 276, 352, 375, 382, 383, 498
classification of 381
diagnosis of 377
management of 382, 399
recurrence of 399
surgery 396
arthrocentesis 415
arthrography 407
arthroscopy 416, 1190
autogenous interpositional materials for 387b
capsule 347, 368
dislocation 298
classification of 352
disorders 4, 343, 351, 401
applications in 19
dysfunction disorders, surgical treatment of 421
function and range of motion 404
hypermobility of 352
internal derangement of 409
intra-articular injection, technique of 412
irrigation, armamentarium required for 417
left 17f, 23f
ligament 347, 637
meta-arthrosis of 657f
normal 21f
pain dysfunction syndrome 401
prefabricated 414f
special features of 350
subluxation 298
syndrome 401
Tendonitis 351
Tensile strength 91
Tensor veli palatine 1059
Tessier classification 872
Tetanus 132, 351
Tetany 351
Tetracaine 170, 187
Tetracycline 45, 57, 148, 155, 156, 157
antibiotics 156
Theophylline 158
Theory of Dursy 867
Thera-bite jaw rehabilitation system 398f
Therapeutic radiotherapy 1006
Thermal agents 1143
Thermal injury, avoidance of 1121
Thermal testing 1050
Thermocoagulation 1032
Thiopentone 260
Third molar
angulation of 324
depth-occlusal level of 326
horizontal position of 326
lower 324, 331f
Third-line medicinal therapy 1026
Thoma's incision 365
Throat, angle of 440
Thrombocytopenic purpura 51
Thromboplastin
generation time 27
time, partial 27, 1142
Thrombosis, coronary 28
Thyroglossal duct cyst 743
Thyroid
condition, types of 47
disorders 9, 46
oral manifestations of 47t
dysfunction 217
function, assessment of 47
hormone levels 47
metabolic disorders of 310
Thyromental distance 220f
measurement 220
significance of 219
Tic douloureux 1019
Tinel's sign 1043
Tissue
biocompatibility 91
contamination 91
cutting, advances in 1191
engineering 1189
grafts 99
handling 305
forceps 66, 75
laceration 4
management system 1144
specimen, handling of 34
stabilization during biopsy 34
supported surgical stents 1122
Titanium
hollow osseointegrated reconstruction plates 551, 553, 558
implant 1109f, 1114
oxide 1113
Tobacco
and alcohol synergism 1089
consumption of 1089
types of 1089
Toluidine blue 30
detection test 30
Tomograms 407
Tomography 903
Tongue 866, 1080f
anterior
traction of 519
two-thirds of 1089
blade
sign 828
test 534f
cancer 1097f
depressor 64, 64f
forceps 66
size 328
tie 677f
Tonsilitis 375
Topical agents, direction for use of 188
Topical anesthesia 185, 933
Topical anesthetic agents 187
role of 185b
uses of 185
Topiramate 1026
Tori, excision of 672
Torn meniscus, removal of 362
Total intravenous anesthesia 249
Total joint reconstruction 383, 395f, 397f
goals of 396
Total joint replacements 363
Total parotidectomy 847, 851, 852f, 854f, 855
Total subapical mandibular osteotomy 462, 463f
Towel clip 60
Towel clip type 60, 66
forceps 70
Toxic effects 152, 153, 158, 159, 164
Toxicity 150, 172
of drug, risk of 149
signs 935
symptoms 935
Trabeculations, bony 719
Trachea
contamination of 269
intubation of 271
Tracheal bifurcation 277
Tracheal dilator 78f
Tracheal intubation 271, 277, 280b
indications for 271
Tracheal stenosis 278
Tracheostomy
intubation 383
procedure 519f
stoma 76
Tracheostomy set 76
blunt hook 77
sharp hook 77
tracheal dilator 77
tube 76
Tracheostomy tube 76
parts of 77f
Tracheotomy under local anesthesia 939
Traditional minimum integration times 1127t
Traditional model surgery 454
Traditional orthognathic surgical planning 442b
Tragus of ear, post-aspect of 1060
Tranexamic acid 1145
Transalveolar extraction 285, 299, 300
postage stamp technique for 301
technique of 302f
Transalveolar surgical extraction, indications for 300
Transconjunctival incision 587
Transcranial radiographs 407
Transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulator 412
Transfixation methods 547
Transforming growth factors 492
Transfusion safety 52
Transient facial palsy-post pterygomandibular nerve block 1062
Transient ischemic attack 1167
Transient xerostomia 828
Transillumination 902, 906
Transmitting infection, risk of 105
Transmucosal extension 1115f
Transoral sialolithotomy 824f
Transosseous
implants 1108
wiring 618, 619f
Transosteal implants 1108
Transport disk distraction osteogenesis 511f
Transport distraction osteogenesis 394, 510
uses of 394
Transtracheal jet ventilation 939
Transverse fracture 568
Transverse impaction 314
Transverse markings 455
Transverse plane 425
Trapezoidal flap 330, 711
Trapped air pockets 110
Trauma 351, 352, 375, 376, 520, 902, 980
and infection 218, 375
previous history of 531
team 530
unit 6
Traumatic arthritis 351
Traumatic diseases 898
Traumatic extravasation bone cyst 736
Traumatic injuries 965, 1041
Traumatic neuroma, excision of 1054
Trauner's technique 681
Treacher-Collins syndrome 218, 310, 500f
Trephination 994
Treponema pallidum 129
Triangular flap, two-sided 305f
Triazoles 162
Tricalcium phosphate 686
Trifocal distraction 493
Trigeminal gangliolysis 1034
Trigeminal ganglion 1059
Trigeminal nerve
injuries 1053
involvement, division of 1021
ophthalmic division of 577
peripheral branches of 1054
repairs of 1053
roots of 1059f
sensory root of 1037
Trigeminal neuralgia 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022b, 1023, 1038
management of 1025t
Trigeminal root section 1038
Trigeminal tractotomy 1038
Trigger points, palpation of 402
Trimeprazine 224, 266
tartrate 225
Trimethoprim 45, 159
Triple channel monitor 242f
Trismus 56, 351, 837, 935, 998
causes of 351
drug induced 351
Trochlear nerve 577
Truview laryngoscope 246, 247f
Tube, obstruction of 280
Tuberculosis 129, 217, 310
Tuberculous osteomyelitis 1002f
ulcers 51
Tuberosity block 192
Tumor 746, 935
benign 352, 746
cartilage 781
exposure of 757f
formation of 902
inferior positioning of 765f
intracranial 1020
irradiation of 1007
keratocystic odontogenic 698, 747
presence of 417
swelling 746
Tympanic membrane 1059f
Tympanomastoid fissure 851
Tympanomastoid suture line 853
Typhoid 375
Tyramine 176
U
Ulcer, laryngeal 278
Ultra-short acting agents 171
Ultrasonic cleaners 116f
Ultrasonography, facial region for 22f
Ultrasound 412
therapy 1013
Ultraviolet
radiation 122
rays 114
Unconsciousness, length of 531
Uncuffed endotracheal tube 272f
Unicystic ameloblastoma 761
Unilateral cleft lip 875, 880t
complete 873f, 875f, 875t
incomplete 868
morphofunctional classification of 872
Pfeifer's incision for 880
repair, rationale of 879
type 872f
Unsaturated chemical vapor sterilization 113
Unstable angina 39
pectoris 286
Unstable fractures 590
Upper alveolar ridge 1089
Upper facial contour plane 440
Upper joint
cavity, irrigation of 415
space 408f
Upper lip 943
swellings of 944
Upper motor neurons 1060, 1061f, 1066
Upper respiratory tract infection 217, 262
Uremia 928
Urine
analysis 28
chemical examination of 28
Uterus 255
V
Vagal reflex mechanism 1168
Vagolytic effects 226
Vagus nerve, rootlets of 1059f
Valacyclovir 160
Valproic acid 1027
Valvular septal defect 8
Van Der Woude syndrome 865
Vancomycin 161
Vapocoolant spray, uses of 412
Vaporizers 231, 262
Varicella-zoster virus 130
Vascular cyst walls 703
Vascular endothelial growth factors 492
Vasoconstrictor
agents 176
classification of 175
dilution of 176
infiltration of 368
selection of 178
uses of 178b
Vasomotor function-sympathetic innervation 815
Vasovagal syncope 1162
Vazirani-Akinosi block 206, 207f
Veau classification 869, 870f
Vecuronium 250
Velopharyngeal insufficiency 888
Velscope 31
Venous hemorrhage 1139
Ventricular fibrillation 11741176
Ventricular tachycardia 11741176
Verrucous leukoplakia 1076f, 1077
Vertical distraction osteogenesis procedure 689
Vertical impaction 314, 333
Vertical mattress suture 100, 101f
Vertical maxillary
deficiency 426, 451
excess 426, 451, 480
Vertical mucoperiosteal flap design 329f
Vertical osteotomy 477, 685
Vertical subsigmoid osteotomy 467f
Vessel ligating clips 1144
Vessel sealing system 1144
Vestibuloplasty 677
grafted 680
types of 678
Viable bone graft 23f
Vibrio cholerae 156
Vicryl plus 94
antibacterial suture 94
Vicryl rapide 94
Video laryngoscope 246
Videocamera and cable 417
Videorecorder 417
Vidian nerve 1031f
Viral attenuation 114
Viral hypothesis 1064
Viral infection 51, 130, 837, 925
Viral origin, ulcers of 54
Virkon method 122
Virtual surgical planning 443, 1184
advantages of 445
Viruses 107, 129, 134, 1090
Visor osteotomy 685, 685f
modified 685, 686f
Visual disturbances 217, 1166
Visual examination 531
Vital sign monitor 1158
Vitamin
deficiency 1149
Vixotrigine 1027
Vocal cords, synechia of 278
Volatile anesthetic agents 251
Volatile inhalational anesthetic agents 251
Volkman cat paw retractor 63, 64f
Volkmann's scoop 68, 70f
Vomiting 217, 252, 257, 263, 270
von Ebner's lingual serous gland 815
von Langenbeck technique 886
von Willebrand disease 1142, 1149
W
Waldron's method 709
Walsham's disimpaction forceps 536f
Walsham's forceps 78f, 79, 600
Warfarin 158
Warthin's tumor 842, 843, 845f
Wassmund's technique 476f
Waste
classification of 144
disposal 144
materials, segregation of 145f
types of 146t
Water
accidents 1203
jet cutting 1192
quality improvement 140
soluble compounds 119
Water's position 14
posteroanterior view 14, 318
Weakness, areas of 604
Weber-Ferguson incision 756f
Wedge principle 291
Weider's tongue retractor 63, 64f
Weiss' theory 1109
Western blot 52
Wharton's duct 814, 833f
Wheel and axle principle 291, 292
Wheezing 217, 1163
White blood cell 981
count 26
Whitehead's varnish 913
Whitnall's tubercle 576, 579
Whole blood 1145
Winter and Quek classification, combination of 315
Winter Cryer's elevator 291, 291f
Winter's classification 313, 313f, 314b, 324
Winter's crossbar elevators 291f
Winter's elevator 291
Winter's lines 323, 323f
Wire 79
armamentarium for 538
holder 79
osteosynthesis 551f
Wiring procedure, circumferential 544
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 939
Wolfe's bottle 243f
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome 865
Worm's eye 875f
Wound 520, 625
closure of 855, 916
crushed 523
dehiscence 558, 1130
risk of 657
extent of 521
focused examination of 524
healing 527
incised 522
initial examination of 524
repair 91
tailing of 522
Wrist pivot method 357
X
Xerophthalmia 840
Xeroradiography 936
Xerostomia 55, 827, 837, 840
control of 54
Xylocaine 170, 172, 1173
Y
Yersinia pestis 156
Yunis-Varon syndrome 310
Z
Zidovudine 144
Zovirax 160
Zygoma 757
body 571
lateral orbital rim 571
displaced 591
fracture 576f, 591
inferior orbital wall-part of 571
joins 571
part of 571
Zygomatic arch 370, 548f, 571, 572, 601, 633
fracture 571, 573
classification of 573f
temporal region of 571
Zygomatic block 192
Zygomatic bone 570
fractures of 566, 590
supported implants 1185f
Zygomatic buttress 548f, 562, 568
Zygomatic complex 585
different sutures of 571
Zygomatic complex fracture 84, 574f, 585
classification of 572
complications of 596f, 596b
Zygomatic fracture, reduction of 591b
Zygomatic nerves 564
Zygomatic pillar 563
Zygomatic process 548f
Zygomaticofrontal suture 560, 571, 585
Zygomaticomaxillary complex 572f
fracture 570, 575f
malunion of 597
reduction of 597f
Zygomaticomaxillary crest 571
Zygomaticomaxillary suture 568, 570, 571, 897
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