Yearbook of Anesthesiology-8 Raminder Sehgal, Anjan Trikha
INDEX
Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, fc refer to flowchart, and t refer to table.
A
Acadesine 82
Acetylcholine 11, 98
accumulation of 98
Acetylcholinesterase 98, 99, 102
Achilles
tendinopathy 186
tendons 187
Acid-base
balance 264
electrolyte status 174
imbalance 254
Acidosis, severe 254
Activated partial thromboplastin time 225, 284
Acupuncture 334, 335
therapy 336
Acute renal failure trial network study 260
Adductor pollicis muscle 11
Adenosine triphosphate 70, 81, 175
Adipose tissue derived stem cell 187
Adrenal medulla 101
Advanced trauma life support 245, 282
Air embolism 264
AirQ intubating laryngeal airway 154f
Airway
management 140
manipulation 194
mucosa 20
obstruction 8
pressure, continuous positive 113, 116, 197, 200
reflexes 8
Aldosterone 39
Allodynia 275
Alopecia, pressure 18
Ambu aura gain LM 152f
Ambu aura I LM 152f
Ambu aura once mask 151f
Amniotic fluid 184
Analgesia 288
postoperative 304
spread 272
Analgesic techniques 198
Ancillary preoperative cardiac testing 54
Anemia 207, 210, 252
preoperative 197
Anesthesia 18, 22, 38
and critical care 27
procedures 27
and positioning strategies 15
and surgery, type of 38
effect of 33
effort of 23
for cesarean delivery 322
general 15, 28, 38, 42, 196, 293, 314, 315
local 38
pediatric 324
practitioners 325
regional 39, 41, 215, 293, 303
safety 331
stage of 16
technique 198
Anesthetic agents 214
Anesthetic and surgical techniques 46
Anesthetic drug 295
Anesthetic implications 64
Anesthetic management 65
Anesthetic technique 40
Aneurysmal surgery 83
Angiography, coronary 55
Angioplasty, transluminal 79
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor 210
Ankle 17
Anorexia 207
Antibiotics 194
Anticholinesterase inhibitors 100
Anticoagulation 261
Antifibrinolytics 230
Antihemophilic units 229
Antiproteinase 37
Aorta 285
Apgar scores 288
Apneic oxygenation 110112, 112f, 114f, 115f, 116, 119
limitations of 118
physiology of 110
Arozullah multifactorial postoperative respiratory failure index 196
Arrhythmia 51, 58, 128, 195
cardiac 127
Arterial and central venous catheters 177
Arterial blood
gases 177
pressure, noninvasive measurement of 124
Arterial carbon dioxide control 80
Arterial oxygen
saturation 73
tension 194
Arterial pressure, mean 328
Arterial pulse contour analysis 131
Arterial saturation 110, 119
Artery disease, coronary 54
Artificial kidney initiation 255
Artificial oxygen carriers 231
Aspiration 294
pneumonitis 195
Astrocytes 275
Atelectasis 193, 303
Atorvastatin 83
Atracurium 11
Atropine 103
boluses 103
toxicity 103
Autologous mesenchymal stromal cells therapy 186
Autonomic nervous system 99
Autonomic neuropathy 207
Azotemia, better control of 264
B
Backache, postoperative 18
Bag mask ventilation 156
Balanced anesthetic technique 8
Barbiturate therapy 81
Basic fibroblast growth factor 182
Baska mask 154f
Benzodiazepines 39, 104, 315
Benzylisoquinolines 11
Beta-blocker therapy, long-term 51
Beta-endorphins secretion 34
Bleeding and transfusion score, revised assessment of 223
Blood
component ratios 224
consumption score, assessment of 223
loss
assessment of 282
maximum allowable 178
pressure
continuous noninvasive 136
control 80
noninvasive 212
products, return of 241
salvage techniques 231
sampling 71
supply, reduced 72f
transfusion 177
types of 240
urea nitrogen 208
Bone
marrow 183, 185
concentrate, injection of 187
morphogenetic proteins 183
Bony spinal canal 304
Brachial plexus injuries 26
Bradycardia 291
Bradykinin release 262
Brain 70
edema, worsening of 257
injury, traumatic 72, 80, 82
neonatal 175
perioperative 79
tissue hypoxia, treat 76
tissue oxygen
monitor 75f
tension 74
tissue oxygenation 71, 76
monitoring 74
trauma foundation 72
Bronchorrhea 101
Bronchoscopy 117
airway for 166
Bronchospasm 101, 194
Buccal mucous membranes, minimally dry 177
Bupivacaine 309
C
Calabadion 12
Calcium channel blockade 81
Cancer pain 267
Capnography 289
Carbamates 98
Carbetocin 296, 297
Carbohydrate 173
metabolism 35
Carbon dioxide 74, 110, 131
in arterial blood, partial pressure of 73
rebreathing, partial 130
Carboxyhemoglobin 197
Cardiac arrest 48
primary 207
Cardiac catheterization 62
Cardiac complications, perioperative 56
Cardiac events, major adverse 56
Cardiac failure 51
congestive 197
Cardiac function 62
Cardiac index, course of 329
Cardiac output
measurement 132f
methods of monitoring 128fc
monitors, noninvasive 127
using bioimpedance technique 129f
Cardiac revascularization 51
Cardiac risk
assessment 46, 48t
index
modified 49
revised 48, 49, 50t
vascular quality initiative 52
Cardiac surgery 17, 79, 83, 252
Cardiopulmonary bypass 36, 39, 79
long duration of 79
Cardiovascular events, perioperative adverse 46
Cardiovascular system 123, 207
monitoring of 123
Carotid stenosis 79
detection of 83
management of 84
Catecholamines 33
levels of 35
Caudal epidural technique 307
Central nervous system 98, 99, 207
Central neuraxial blockade 42, 65
Central retinal artery occlusion 24
Central sensitization leads 275
Central venous
line insertion 28
oxygen saturation 177, 329
pressure 329
Cerebral
aneurysms 80
angiography 79
angioplasty 80
blood flow 72f
adequacy of 71
edema 264
hypoperfusion 79
ischemia 79
metabolic rate of oxygen 70, 72f
metabolism 70, 77
oxygen saturation 72
oxygenation 70
monitoring of 71
perfusion pressure 72, 77
protection 74
techniques for 83
vasospasm 83
Cerebrospinal fluid, extraventricular drainage of 80
Cervical spine surgery, anterior 17
Chemotherapy 207
Chest
pain 61
radiograph 196
wall 267
Cholangiopancreatography procedures 24
Cholinergic receptors 98
Chronic post-thoracotomy pain 273
Cisatracurium 11
Clonidine 105
Clot stabilization 281
Coagulation disorders 210
Coagulation index 229
Coagulation system 174
Cobra perilaryngeal airway 141, 155f
Cobra plus PLA 147
Cockcroft-Gault equation 208
Cognitive dysfunction, postoperative 39
Colorectal surgeries 41, 303
Combined spinal epidural
anesthesia 315
technique 288, 312
Compartment syndrome 21
Conjunctiva 99
Continuous arteriovenous
hemodiafiltration 259
hemodialysis 259
hemofiltration 259
Coronary syndrome, acute 47, 217
Corticotropin-releasing hormone 34
Cortisol 34, 35, 175
Cough 61
test, positive 196
Cranial fossa surgery, posterior 23
Craniectomy, decompressive 80, 83
C-reactive protein 37
Cricoid pressure 294
Crystalloids, amount of 283
Cuff pressure monitoring 159f
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate 65
Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors 215
Cysteine 12
Cystic fibrosis 194
Cytochrome C oxidase 70
Cytokine 37
production of 37
release of 37
Cytoskeleton dysfunction 79
D
Deep anesthetic dosage 39
Deep breathing exercise 198
Deoxyhemoglobin 73
Desflurane 64
Desmopressin 229
Devices over endotracheal tube 167
Dexamethasone 183
Dexanabinol 82
Diabetes 252
mellitus 207, 336
Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome 257
Dichlorvos 107
Diethyl organophosphates 99, 106
Diffuse parasympathetic stimulation, signs and symptoms of 101
Digoxin 212
Dimethyl organophosphates 99, 106
Direct oral anticoagulants 211
Disseminated intravascular coagulation 234
Distal internal carotid artery 84
Doppler ultrasound 133
Dorsal decubitus position 17
Double lumen tube 116
Dry buccal mucous membranes 177
Dyspnea 61
Dysregulation 105
E
Electrical bioimpedance 127, 137
Electrocardiogram 124, 126, 177
Electrolyte 264
imbalance 264
Eliprodil 82
Emergency cricothyrotomy, component of 290
Emergency surgery 196
Emphysema 194
Endobronchial catheter 115
Endocrine
response, metabolic effects of 35
system 38, 207
Endothelin pathway 64
Endotracheal cardiac output 130, 136
Endotracheal intubation 29, 140
Endotracheal tube 130f, 140
Endovascular interventional neuroradiological procedures 79
Enzyme 98
activity, physiologic 98
Ephedrine 291, 292
Epidural analgesia 299, 303, 316
Epidural anesthesia technique 304, 312
Epidural block, management of failed 314
Epidural blood patch 322
Epidural catheter 303, 309, 309f
fixation 310f
placing 308
reinsertion of 315
Epidural failure
prediction of 311
prevention of 311
Epidural infusions, continuous 41
Epidural placement 311, 311t
Epidural space, posterior 305
Epidural techniques 289
Epidural waveform analysis 304, 312, 313f
Epinephrine 175
Epoprostenol 64
Erector spinae plane block 268, 271
Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase 102
Erythropoietin 83
Escherichia coli 232
Etomidate 38, 82
Euglycemia 254
Euthanasia 90
passive 90, 91
Excitotoxic neurotransmitters 82
Exercise stress testing 55
Expiratory pressure, positive-end 199
Extracellular fluid 172, 179
Extraglottic airway devices, classification of 157t
Extraglottic devices 140, 163, 166, 167
role of 140
types of 141
Eye injuries during mask ventilation 28
F
Facet joints 305
Failed epidural block 303, 314fc
Fast-track programs 41
Fat metabolism 36
Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions 234
Femoral head
avascular necrosis of 187
necrosis of 187
Fentanyl 216
doses of 315
Fenthion 105, 106
Fetal apgar scores 292
Fiberscope-guided intubation 163
Fibrinogen 298
concentrate 229, 297299
Fibrosis 306
idiopathic pulmonary 210
Fick's principle 130
modified 132f
Filling pressures, determination of 126
Flexible LMA 149f
Fluid 176, 283, 291
and electrolytes 213
loss 174
management 179, 199
resuscitation, quantum of 282
therapy, aim of 174
Fluorocarbon emulsions 233
Fluoroscopic-guided epidural placement 312
Follicle stimulating-hormone 34
Foot 17
Free radical-mediated injury 79
Free ropivacaine concentration 276
Fresh frozen plasma 178, 224, 225, 283
Frog-leg position 19, 19f
Functional residual capacity 17, 24, 111
Furosemide 326
G
Gabapentin 42, 215
Gallops, right-sided 61
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 81
Ganglia, autonomic 101
Gas exchange during normal breathing 111f
Gastric lavage 103
Gastric tube, presence of 157
Gastrointestinal
disorders 210
system 207
tract 99
Gastroparesis 207
Genitalia 19
Geriatric-sensitive cardiac risk index 52
Glasgow coma scale 227
Glomerular filtration rate 173, 206, 216, 252
Glottis
full-view of 159
partial-view of 159
Glucagon 33, 35, 175
Glucose 35
requirement of 79
transporter proteins 175
Glutamate uptake 82
Glycemic control 80, 211, 336
Glycopyrrolate 104, 291
Goal directed therapy 200
Goldman cardiac risk index 48
Greater hemodynamic instability 257
Growth hormone 33, 175
H
Headache, chronic 335
Heart
block, complete 207
disease, ischemic 207
failure 54, 58, 127, 207
congestive 195
neonatal 172
rate 24
Hematologic disorders 59
Hematological system 207
Hemodiafiltration, continuous venovenous 259
Hemodialysis 257t
continuous venovenous 259
intermittent 254, 256
Hemodilution 83
Hemodynamic goals 65
perioperative 65
Hemodynamic monitoring 135, 136fc, 137
methods of 123fc
noninvasive 123
types of 124
Hemodynamic responses, normal 22
Hemodynamic stability 103, 213
Hemofiltration, continuous venovenous 259
Hemoglobin
concentration 76
level, normal 80
management 80
Hemoptysis 61
Hemorrhage 230, 264, 298
acute perioperative 297
aneurysmal subarachnoid 76
intrapartum 297
intraventricular 177
postpartum 296, 297
score, trauma associated severe 223
subarachnoid 83
Hemostasis 284
Hemostatic agents 229
topical 231
Hemostatic dressings 286
High flow nasal
cannula 114f, 115
catheter therapy 200
oxygen 113
Hip 17
Homeometric autoregulation 65
Hormone, adrenocorticotropic 33
Human brain tissue 70
Human development index 333
Human immunodeficiency virus 61
Human umbilical cord 183
Hybrid therapy 254
Hypercapnia 111
Hypercarbia 194
Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis 214
Hypercoagulopathy 207
Hyperglycemia 80
Hyperkalemia 234, 254
Hypernatremia, severe 254
Hyperosmolar agents 80
Hyperparathyroidism 207
Hypertension 80, 83, 207
pulmonary 58, 59b, 62t
Hyperthermia 254
Hypertonia 289
Hypervolemia 83
Hypocalcemia 234, 264
Hypoglycemia 80, 175
stimulates 175
Hypokalemia 264
Hypomagnesemia 234, 264
Hyponatremia 178
Hypoperfusion 70
Hypophosphatemia 264
Hypotension 22, 264, 290
high-incidence of 257
permissive 226
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis 34
Hypothalamus 38
Hypothermia 36, 234, 264
Hypovolemia 252, 329
Hypoxemia 8, 110, 194, 303
Hypoxia 59, 60, 70, 194
Hypoxic injury 79
Hypoxic ventilatory drive 9
I
I-gel 156f
Iliohypogastric nerve 274
Ilioinguinal nerve 274
Infection 211
vascular line 264
Inflammation, chronic 211
Infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm 51
Innate immune cells 275
Insulin
and glucagon 35
and glycemic control 41
degree of 41
like growth factors 183
Intensive care unit 86, 110, 118
patients in 28
pediatric 173
Intercostal nerve
block 268, 272
terminal branches of 274
Interfascial blocks 276
Intra-abdominal pressure 127
Intra-aortic balloon pump 127
Intra-arterial thrombolysis 80
Intracellular fluid 172, 179
Intravenous fluids 172
Intubating LMA 153f
Ischemic injury 79
Isoelectric electroencephalogram 71
Isoflurane 64
Isotonic fluid 176
J
Journal scan 321, 324, 328, 330, 334
Jugular venous oxygen saturation 71, 72, 72f
K
Ketamine 82, 83
doses of 82
Kidney
disease 254
acute 205
chronic 142, 205207, 207b, 215, 218
end-stage 253, 253t
improving global outcomes 205, 206, 206f, 209, 254, 265
injury
acute 58, 207, 212, 252, 252t, 253t, 254, 265
management of acute 252
neonatal 173
position 26f
Knee 17
Krebs cycle 175
L
Labor analgesia, mainstay of 288
Lamina 305
upper 305
Laparoscopic surgery 198
Laryngeal mask 141, 293
airways 141
soft seal 150f
solus 151f
supreme 150f
unique 148f
C-Trach 153f
Laryngeal nerve palsy 101
Laryngeal tube 141
laryngeal tube suction 155f
suction device 141
Left heart disease, pulmonary hypertension to 59
Lidocaine 83
Life support, pediatric 245
Ligamentum flavum 305, 306, 306f, 308
Lithium 212, 254
dilution cardiac output 132, 136
Local anesthetic
solution 305
systemic toxicity 276
Lockit epidural catheter fixation device 310f
Long thoracic nerve 267
Low back pain 183
Low expired tidal volume 158
Low flow nasal cannulas 112
Low molecular weight heparins 211
Low renal functions 211
Low serum albumin 196
Low tidal volume 127
Lower extremity, procedures on 17
Lumbar wedge 291
Lung
cancer 194
compliance 194
damage 194
disease, pulmonary hypertension to 59, 60
injury, acute 194, 234
Luteinizing hormone 34
Lymphokines 37
M
Macroglobulin 37
Macrophages 275
Magnesium 80
sulfate 83
blocks 104
Magnetic resonance imaging 185
Mannitol 83
Massive airway aspiration 195
Massive blood loss 221
management of 225fc
pathophysiology of 221, 222fc
Massive blood transfusion 221, 224
complications of 233, 234t
guidelines 222
Massive hemorrhage 221
protocol 240
Massive transfusion 221
protocols 222
limitations of 227
Mast cells 275
Maternal hemorrhage 297
Maternal pruritus 288
Mayfield headrest 21, 23
Mechanical ventilation 303
Medical comorbid condition, presence of 195
Meniscal injuries 186
Mental attitude 3
Mesenchymal stem cells 182, 183, 186, 190
local injection of 184
stent implantation 184
Metabolic alkalosis 264
Metabolic disorders 59
Metabolic equivalents 53
Metabolic function 174
Metformin 212
Microglia 275
Microporous polyethylene tube 74
Midaxillary line 270
Midthoracic region 307
Military trauma care 281
Monocrotophos 107
Morbidly obese parturients 307
Morphine 216
Mucoadhesive sealants 286
Multimodal neuroprotective strategies 79
Multiorgan failure 221
Muscarinic toxidrome 100
Muscle
minor 270
relaxants 194
smooth 101
weakness 8
Musculoskeletal diseases 186
Musculoskeletal pain 335
Musculoskeletal system 207
Myocardial infarction 48, 207
Myocardial perfusion imaging 55
Myocarditis 207
N
Nasal cannula 112, 112f
standard 112
Nasal oxygen 112
Nasogastric tube 200
perioperative placement of 196
Nasopharyngeal
airway 166
catheter 113
Near-infrared spectroscopy 71, 72, 73f
Neck vein distention 61
Neonates loose water 174
Neostigmine 11
Nephrotoxic drugs 252
Nerves, target 268, 270
Neural blockade 40
Neural foramen 309f
Neural stem cells 188
Neuralgia, postherpetic 267, 272
Neuraxial blocks 289
Neurointensive care 72
Neurological complications 79
Neuromuscular blockade 11
agents 8, 9
drugs 13
use of 196
Neuromuscular dysfunction 101
Neuromuscular junction 101
Neuronal cell death 71
Neuropathic pain 188
persistent 267
Neuropathy 105
Neuroprotection 81
method of 80
perioperative 83
pharmacologically-based 81
physiologically-based 80
under anesthesia 79, 80b, 84
Neuroprotective agent 81
Nicotinic 102
action 102
toxidrome 100
Nimodipine 80, 82, 83
Nitric oxide 60, 63
pathway 64
signaling 79
synthase upregulation 82
Nitrous oxide 82
N-methyl-d-aspartate 79
Nonacupuncture points 336
Noncardiac surgery 55, 58
low risk 55
Noncardiac surgical procedures 46, 55
Noninvasive ventilation, modes of 200
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
abuse 207
drugs 39, 212, 215
Norepinephrine 292, 293
Normocapnia 80
Normoglycemia 80
Normotension 80
Normothermia 80
Normovolemia 254
Normoxia, maintenance of 80
O
Obesity 307
Obstetric anesthesia 288
Obstetric general anesthesia 299
Obstetric hemorrhage
major 298
management of 297, 298
Obstetric population 311
Obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic 194, 195
Obstructive sleep apnea 195, 197, 207
Omeprazole 326
Ophthalmological procedures 17
Opioid
administration of 324
analgesics 215, 216
Optic neuropathy, ischemic 24
Oral glucose 41
preoperative administration of 41
Oral surgery 166
Organ perfusion 281
Organophosphate 98
pesticide chlorpyrifos 98
poisoning 101
symptoms and signs of 101t, 102t
treatment of 102
Organophosphorus
pesticides 99
poisoning 98, 99, 106
management of 102
Original cardiac risk index 48
Orofacial pain 189
Oropharyngeal leak pressure 158
Oropharyngeal seal pressure 158
Orthopedic trauma 5
Osteoarthritic pain 335
Osteoarthritis 184
treatment of 184
Osteonecrosis, idiopathic 187
Otorhinolaryngology procedures 17
Oximes 104
Oxygen
carrier, uses of artificial 233
carriers, hemoglobin based 232
partial pressure of 70, 74
saturation 77
Oxygenating laryngoscope 115
Oxygenation
maintain 80
measures
global 71
regional 71
Oxyhemoglobin 73
Oxytocin 296
P
Pain
central neuropathic 189
chronic 267, 334336
Palliative pain control 272
Panendoscopy 117
Paracetamol 42, 215
Paralytic ileus 41
Parasternal block 269, 271
Paravertebral muscles 308
Parenchymal disease, pulmonary 58
Patella tendinopathy 187
Pectointercostal fascial block 271
Pectoral nerve 270
block 267, 268
Pediatric packs 178
Pediatric population 117
Pediatric trauma 163, 231
Pegorgotein 83
Perfluorocarbon 232
emulsions 232
Pericardial effusion 207
presence of 62
Periglottic tissue 158
Perinatal pathology 322
Perineum 19
Periodontal diseases 207
Peripheral immune cells 275
Peripheral nerve
block 314, 315
injury 18
lesion 275
Peripheral nervous system 207
Peripheral neuropathic pain 189
Peripheral neuropathy 207
Peripheral oxygen saturation 196
Peripheral sensitization 275
Persistent vegetative state 88
Pharmacological strategies 80
Pharmacological testing 55
Pharyngeal airway, streamlined liner of 141, 155f
Phenol neurolysis 273
Phenylephrine 291, 292, 296
infusions of 292, 299
use of 292
Phosphonylated enzymes 98
Photoplethysmograph waveform amplitude 40
Photoplethysmography 124
limitations of 125
Physiological strategies 80
PICCO system, configuration of 135f
Piracetam 83
Pituitary hormones 34
Plasma
cholinesterase 102
pseudocholinesterase 102
Platelet 178
derived growth factor 183
rich plasma 184
transfusion 229, 234
Pleural mesothelioma 272
Plica mediana dorsalis 306
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia 194
HIV-associated 194
Pneumonia 193
Pneumothorax 194, 276
Point-of-care testing 227
Poiseuille's law 224
Positive pressure ventilation, intermittent 126
Postanesthesia care unit 113
Postdural puncture headache 321, 322
management of 321
Postmastectomy pain syndrome, treatment of 271
Postsynaptic nicotinic receptors 105
Posttraumatic stress disorder 39
Pregabalin 42, 215
Preincision antibiotics 332
Preload optimization 65
Preoxygenation 111, 118
Pressure, intracranial 77, 83
Profilnine 230
Proinflammatory cytokines 60
Prophylactic glycopyrrolate 291
Propofol 83
Proseal laryngeal mask airway 149f
Prostacyclin 60, 66
reductions in 60
Protein metabolism 36
Prothrombin complex concentrates 230
Prothrombin time 225, 297
Pudendal neuralgia 189
Pulmonary arterial
floatation catheter 124
hypertension 58, 59
pressure 62
Pulmonary atelectasis, perioperative 193b
Pulmonary complications 41
postoperative 192, 193, 200, 201
Pulmonary edema 207, 210
Pulmonary function 62
Pulmonary hypertension 58, 62, 195, 210
signs and symptoms of 61t
Pulmonary perfusion 26
Pulmonary vascular resistance 194
Pulmonic insufficiency 61
Pulse contour cardiac output system 133
Pulse
oximetry 289
tracing 126f
pressure variation 127
wave transit time 126f
Q
Quadratus lumborum 274
block 270, 274, 276
Quality improvement program 47, 244
R
Radiofrequency ablation 272
Radionuclide lung scan 63
Ramus, posterior primary 268
Randomized controlled trial 1, 2, 168
Raynaud's phenomenon 61
Rectum 19
Rectus abdominis muscle 274
Rectus sheath block 274
Red blood cell 221, 225
packed 224
ratio of packed 283
Refractory hyperkalemia 254
Regional neuraxial blocks 41
Remacemide 83
Remifentanil 83
use of 289
Renal disease 208
Renal dysfunction, end-stage 210
Renal failure, chronic 142
Renal osteodystrophy 207
Renal replacement therapy 252, 254, 254t, 255, 265
continuous 254, 257, 259b, 260, 263, 264, 264b, 265
modalities of continuous 258f
role of continuous 252
Renin angiotensin aldosterone system blockers 212
Reperfusion injury 79
Research article 1
Residual curarization 8
Residual neuromuscular block 8
postoperative 8
treatment of 12
Residual paralysis 8
Resistance technique, loss of 312
Respiratory
adverse events 162
depression 101
distress syndrome, acute 86, 192
failure 58
acute 194
physiology 24
rate, very high 127
system 207
tract 99
infection, recent upper 195
Resuscitation, hemostatic 226
Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion 285
Reticuloendothelial system 232
Rhabdomyolysis 254
after major surgery 207
Rhomboid-intercostal plane block 269
Rib fractures 303
Right ventricular
afterload reduction 66
failure 58
heave 61
impulse 61
Ringer's lactate 283
Rivastigmine 83
Robotic surgery position 26, 27f
Rocuronium 11
Rotator cuff injury 187
Ruthenium 74
Ryle's tube insertion 29
S
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 232
Salicylates 254
Sarcoplasmic reticulum 173
Screening 1
Seizure management 80
Selfotel 82
Semipermeable membrane, choice of 262
Sepsis 211, 252, 254, 298
preoperative 195
Septic shock 86
Serratus intercostal plane block 269, 271
Serratus plane block 270, 271
Sevoflurane 39
Sham acupuncture 334, 336
Shared decision-making model 89
Shiley laryngeal mask 156f
Shock 252
hemorrhagic 221
Shoulder pain 335
Skin 99
turgor, loss of 177
Sodium
bicarbonate 105
chloride 172
valproate 254
Sonoanatomy 267, 270
Spinal analgesia 299
Spinal anesthesia 19, 290, 291, 314
continuous 314, 315
Spinal block 314
Spinal cord injury 188
Spinal nerve roots 306
Spine
abnormality 311
surgeries, posterior 23
Spirometry, abnormal 196
Spontaneous breathing 127
Stem cell 182, 184
implantation method 184
therapy 182, 189, 190
intra-articular 184
role of 182
Stress
index, surgical 40
response 36, 42
evaluation of 40
stimuli for 37
Stroke 79
volume variation 127
Subarachnoid block 314
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, management of 82
Subdiaphragmatic region 315
Sugammadex 11, 12
Supraglottic airway devices 141
removal of 162
Surgery, abdominal 17
Surgical stress response, modulators of 40
Sympathoadrenal response 33
Syncope 61
Systemic disorders 59
Systemic hypoperfusion 221
Systemic infection 264
Systemic vascular resistance 18, 66, 329
Systolic excursion, tricuspid annular plane 63
Systolic pressure variation 127
T
Tachyarrhythmias, rate of 329
Tachycardia 177
Temperature
alterations 36
control 80
Tennis elbow 187
Terminal illness 92
Tetrahydroisoquinolinium compounds 12
Theophylline 254
Thioate organophosphorus 107
Thiopental 83
Thoracic bioreactance 129, 137
Thoracic dermatomes
contiguous 272
upper 273
Thoracic epidural
analgesia 303
anesthesia 309
Thoracic intercostal nerves, branches of 270
Thoracic paravertebral
block 268, 272
spaces 308
Thoracic region, truncal blocks in 268t
Thoracic truncal blocks 267
Thoracoabdominal terminal nerves, ventral rami of 270
Thoracoacromial artery 270
Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior layer of 274
Thoracotomy 316
Thrombocytopathy 207
Thrombocytopenia 264
heparin-induced 261
Thromboelastography 227, 228, 235
Thromboelastometry, rotational 227, 228, 235
Thromboembolic complications 41
Thromboembolic disease 58
Thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, chronic 59, 60
Thromboplastin time, partial 297
Thromboprophylaxis 42
Thyroid
hormones 35
stimulating hormone 33
Tidal volume 199
Time-sensitive procedures 46
Total body water 172
Toxic metabolite, rapid removal of 257
Toxic syndrome 99
Toxicity 106
Toxidrome 99, 100
typical 100
Tracheal catheter 113
Tracheal edema, risk of 20
Tracheal intubation 110
Tramadol 216
Tranexamic acid 229, 231, 284, 285, 299
military application of 231
Transesophageal echocardiography 136
Transient ischemic attack 79
Transient nicotinic symptoms 101
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy 168
Transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange 113, 114f
Transthoracic echocardiography 62, 136
Transversalis fascia plane block 270
Transversus abdominis plane 316
block 269, 273
Transversus thoracic
muscle plane block 271
plane block 269, 271
Trauma emergency resuscitation 231
Trauma induced coagulopathy 283
Traxoprodil 82
Trendelenburg position 19, 20, 20f
reverse 20
Treprostinil 64
Tricuspid regurgitation, murmurs of 61
Truncal block 267, 277
abdominal 273
action of 275
classification of 267
complications of 276
Tuberculosis 194
Tubular necrosis, acute 252
Tumor
intracranial 80
necrosis factor-alpha 37
Tunneling causes 309
Tuohy needle 308
U
Ulcers, stress 207
Ultrafiltration, slow continuous 259
Uremia 254
toxins of 211
Uterine tachysystole 289
Uterotonics 296, 297
V
Valves, calcification of 207
Valvular stenotic lesions 210
Vascular access 256
thrombosis 207
Vascular study group 48
Vasoconstrictors noradrenaline 66
Vasodilator therapy 63
Vasodilatory shock 328, 329
treatment of 328
Vasopressors, boluses of 292
Vecuronium 11
Venous air embolism 22
Venous components 73
Ventilation 26
noninvasive 163
Ventricular dysfunction 79
Ventricular fibrillation 207
Vertebral level 307
Visceral puncture 276
Viscoelastic hemostatic assay 227
Visual loss, perioperative 24, 26
Vitamin
D deficiency 207
K 174, 178
antagonists 63
Volatile anesthetic agents 80, 82
von Willebrand factor 229
W
Warfarin 63
Warm resuscitation fluids and blood products, administration of 226
Water and electrolyte metabolism 36
Waveforms, types of 313f
World Health Organization 104
X
Xenon 83
Z
Zonampanel monohydrate 83
×
Chapter Notes

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