Anesthetic Equipment Made Easy® S Ahanatha Pillai
INDEX
Page numbers followed by f indicate figures.
A
Absorber type of 208
Adam's
pressure 29f
valve 29f, 121
Adjustable airway pressure limiting valve 33
Adjustable pressure limiting valve 45, 46f, 47, 60, 66
Air
brake 58
ventilation, expired 254
Airway
artificial 244
Berman's 246, 250
Brook's 255, 255f
Guedel's 246, 247, 249f
Hewitt's 246, 250
mechanism of 246f
nasopharyngeal 251
obstruction 245
oropharyngeal 245
parts of 247f
Phillips 246, 250
pressure release valve 204
Resuci 254, 255f
Safar's 254
sizes of 248
tube 257, 266
with widely flared end 251
types of 245
Aladin cassette vaporizer 166, 167
Allen key 43f
Aluminium float, made of 127
Alveolar
cleft 287f
plateau 285
Ambu bag 64
American National Standard Institute 33, 61
Anesthesia
clinical 295
depth of 277
exhausted sodalime in 286f
gas machine 27
machine 27, 28
checking 63
equipment 64
system 63
gas supply and suction 63
monitors 64
power supply 63
scavenging 64
two bag test 64
ventilator 64
color coding of cylinders in 77f
components of 30
essential components 33, 34f
history of 28
modern 29, 32f
modern pressure reducing valve of 119
pressure reducing valve used in 42
various components of 1
worktop of 48
spinal 301
techniques of regional anesthesia 301
workstation 32f, 104
Anesthetic
breathing system 33, 173, 174
classification 175
closed system 176
criteria for 177
modern classification 176
non-rebreathing system 176, 177
open system 175
rebreathing system 176
semi-closed system 176
semi-open system 175
gas
cylinders 77
mixture of 174
mixture 48, 57
vapor concentration 61
waste gas scavenging system 58f
Antinociceptive drugs 313
Anti-spill 159, 164, 169
funnel filling device 170f
Antistatic
black rubber 211
rubber
tyres 34
wheels 59
Applied physics 1
Arterial
blood pressure 61
oxygen saturation 289
pressure 289
pulse waveform 277f
Arteriole 274
Atomic weight 2
Atomizer vaporizer 154
Automatic thermocompensating valve 149
Avogadro's
constant 3
hypothesis 3, 3f
hypothesis specific weight 4
Ayre's t-piece system 178, 191, 192, 192f
B
Back bar 33, 42
Back pressure, compensated flow meter 138, 139f
Baffles 153
in plenum 154f
Bag mount 180
Bag valve mask 64
face mask 66
nonrebreathing unidirectional valve 66
self-inflating bag 66
unidirectional inlet valve 66
Bain's breathing system 178, 187, 189f
Bain's system 186
parallel 190f
with block assembly 190f
Baralyme 197
Barotrauma 41
Beer's law 275
Bend test 72, 73
Bernoulli's principle 22, 22f, 23f
Bimetallic strip valve 157, 158f
Bivona fome cuff 235
Blades of turbine 131
Bleed valve 180
Bobbin 127, 130
annular orifice around 129f
flow of gas around 128
shaped 130
used in flow meters 130f
Bodok seal 33, 36f, 37, 38f, 8284
Boiling point 6, 145, 146
Bougie used for aiding difficult intubation 244f
Bourdon gauge 37, 39
Boyle's
anesthesia machine, safety features in 59
apparatus 28
F machine 132f
law 17, 17f, 18f
machine 29, 30f, 31f, 36
back bar of 43
two primitive versions of 29
type of 46
Brachial plexus block 301
Breathing
bag 206
circuit type of 46
resistance to 206
system 44, 48
configuration to 193
resistance in 184
respiratory requirements 183
Broken inner tube, test for identifying 191
Bronchial cuff 237, 238
Bronchospasm, expiratory obstruction 287f
Bronchospirometry 236
Broolle's indicator, modified 310
Bubble through device 154
Bullnose
type of valve 88
valves different varieties of 88f
Bupivacaine 310
C
Calcium hydroxide 196
Calorie 5
Capillary tube 310
Capnography 197, 199, 273, 280, 281f
components 280
end-tidal CO2 monitoring 281
factors that decrease EtCO2 284
infrared analyzer 280
interpretation of values 283
mainstream CO2 analyzer 282
normal capnogram 284
principle of 280
sidestream CO2 analyzer 282
uses 281
Carbon 70
Carbon dioxide 15
Carbon dioxide absorption 195, 196
Carbon steel alloy
advantages 71
features of ideal cylinders 71
high 70
low 70
Cardiorespiratory status assessment 278
Cardiorespiratory system, noninvasive monitor for 273
Carinal hook 237f
Carlen's double lumen tube 236, 237f
Carlen's double lumen tube, modified 238
Catheter mount 215f
Catheter mount and connectors 214
Cauda
equina 308f
epidural 307
Ceiling
mounted pendants, types of 106f
outlets, types of 106
reel outlets different types of 106
pipeline supply
advantages of
asepsis 93
economical 94
efficient 94
psychological effects 94
reliable and safe 94
saves space 94
Central reducing valve 101
Central vacuum
suction 107
unit 108f
Cesarean sections 313
Channeling 201
Charles’ law 20f, 20
Chloroform 145, 173
Choledochscope 224
Chondrodendron tomentosum 295
Chromium 71
Circle absorber 204f, 205f
essential components of 202
methods to check the integrity of 207
with double canister 209f
Circle system 201
advantages of 202
Circuit breakers 61
Circular facemasks 212f
Circulation monitoring 288
Coaxial systems 187
Cobb's suction union 241, 242f
Cole's tube 238, 239f
Collar index 103
Color coding 77
Combined spinal epidural
anesthesia 312
needle 312, 313
technique of 313
Common gas outlet 47, 174
Compressed medical air 108
Connell meter 133, 137, 138f
Continuous breathing system pressure 61
Continuous epidural 311, 314f
analgesia 311
infusion pumps for 313
technique 311
Continuous positive airway pressure, amount of 193
Control panels, modern 100
Copper kettle
for ether vaporization 145
vaporizer 160
Corrugated
breathing hoses 173, 180, 204, 206f
tube 178
Cowl 151
for directing gas surface of liquid 153
Coxeter bobbin 133
flow meter 136f
Cuff different, types of 229, 230
Cuff
pressure 230
volume 272
Cyclopropane 6
Cyclopropane 79
Cylinder 59
A- and B-type 76
cautions and rules to be strictly followed with 86
cracking 87
decanting or filling of 89
engraved on the shoulder of 79
indicates the status of 87
key 80
label on body of nitrous oxide 78
outlet valves 80
oxygen and nitrous oxide 76
parts of 74
shoulder of 74
steel-carbon fibers 75
pressure 56, 113
size 79
spanner 36f, 81
structure 199
transfilling of 97f
with bullnose valve 96f
with protective cover 72f
Cylindrical with a head and tail 130
Cyprane inhaler 148, 149f
Cytotoxic drugs intrathecally 304
D
Dalton's law
application of 14
partial pressures of 13
Datex-ohmeda 166
Defibrillation, principle of 291
Defibrillator 290
paddles on the chest wall 292f
unit with ECG monitor and recorder 291f
Deflated cuff 260
Depolarising block 296f, 296, 298
Desflurane 44, 145, 165, 167
Desflurane filling system 166, 169, 170
Diaphragm
elastometal 117
large 116
rubber 117
small 116
Dicrotic notch 273f
Digital nerve block 301
Disc with rod 130
Dogliotti's technique 307
Double burst stimulation 295, 299, 300
Double needle double interspace method 312
Double-canister absorbers 208
Dropper type 156
Dural cuff 308f
Durren's sign 310
E
Easy-fil 168, 169, 170
filling system 171f
Electrical
cardioversion 291
stimulation 296
stimulations, types of 295
Electrocardiogram monitor 285
Electronic
device 54
mechanisms 49
Elwyn tubes 233
Emergency oxygen flush 30f, 33, 43, 46, 47, 47f, 48, 61
Endobronchial tube
green and Gordon's 237
reinforced or armoured 233f
Endotracheal
connectors 239
tube 66, 224, 227, 258, 282
double lumen 236
for laser surgeries 235
for special purposes 231
indications for 227
size of 230
used to connect 239
End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring 281
End-tidal CO2 287
Enflurane 164, 167
Entonox 85, 86
Epidural anesthesia 307
equipment for 301
technique of 307
Epidural catheter 308, 309f, 310
with sterile dressings 311f
Epidural needle 307, 309f, 313f
Epidural set 309f
Epidural space 308f, 313f
anteroposterior diameter of 313
methods for identifying 310
Epiglottis 222, 253
Epispinal 301
Ether 6, 9, 142, 145
inhaler model of 173f
Ethyl
chloride 145
violet 197
Ethylene oxide 79
Evaporation, process of 142
F
Facemask 178, 182, 209, 214
latex-free mask 212
pediatric masks 212
Rendell-Baker-Soucek mask, for neonates 213
Fentanyl 313
Fiber-optic intubating
bronchoscope 224
parts of 225
principle and design 224, 225f
laryngoscope 225f
Fick's law 14
Field block 301
Filling ratio 91
critical pressure 91
critical temperature 91
practical significance 92
Filling systems 169
Filum fermin de interna 302, 308f
Fine-graduated polyvinyl catheter 311
Fish mouth valve 68f
Fixed orifice 127
dry type 133
dry type flow meter 134
variable pressure difference type 126
wet type 133
with variable pressure difference 133
Fixed outlet pressure, type of 120
Fixing the breathing system 47
Flattening test 72, 73
Flexi-tip laryngoscope 221f
Flow control valve 56
Flow meter 43, 60, 123, 127
bank 44f, 131, 132f
classification of 126
in anesthesia machine 125
principles and types 123
safe arrangement of 140f
Flow-splitting device 150, 151f
Flow test 207
Fluorescent plate 132
Fluotec mark 2 162
characteristics 162
limitation 162
Fluotec mark 3 163
characteristics 163
vaporizer 45f
Flush valve 35f, 80, 86
Foregger flow meter 134, 135f
Forrester spray 26
Fresh gas flow 192
Funnel filling 169
G
Gamma ray sterilized 311
Gas 4, 6, 7
bubbles 145
chemical symbol of 78
cylinders labels of 79f
delivery 57
diffusion of 14f
flow 123
inlet 173
pattern in circle-breathing system 203f
laws 16
conversion 20
diffusion 21
filling ratio 18
practical applications 17
specific volume 16
vapor and gas 16
manifold and control panel 94
mixture 44
power outlet 56
specific feeding connectors 60
supplies 35, 57
withdrawal line 111
Gay-Lussac's law 21
Genitofemoral nerve, femoral branch of 301
Globular surface, liquid gas interface 144
Goldman
halothane vaporizer 45f
vaporizer 161
molecular weight 3
Granule
from braking 198
size 198
Grease 86
Guedel type airway 259
Gum elastic bougie 243
Gwathmey machine 28
H
Halothane 6, 27, 44, 145, 164, 167, 170
Hanging drop 310
Heat 4
boiling points of 6, 7
critical
pressure 6
temperature of various gases 6
energy in calories 146
specific 5, 146
unit of heat 5
Heidbrink flow meter 137f
Heidbrink's expiratory valve 179
Heidbrink's spring-loaded valve 181
Heidbrink's valve 185
Heidbrinks meter 133, 137
Helium 21
Hollow square tubular structures 34
Hospital for oxygen 112
Hot climate 92
Howland lock 220
Howland lock 221f
Huber point 309f
Hydraulic
flow meters 133
force 116
sight feed meter 135
Hydraulic test 72, 73
Hypotension, onset of 310
Hypovolemia 279
indicate 280
state 278
Hypoxic
drive 26
guard device 51f
I
Iliohypogastric nerve 301
Ilioinguinal nerve 301
Impact test 72, 73
Indicators and alarms 100
Infiltration block 301
Inflatable rim 211
Inflation tube 258
Infraglottic airway 244
Infrared absorption spectrometry 280, 282
Infusion pumps 314f
Inguinal herniorrhaphy 301
Inhalational anesthetic agents 142, 174
Injector device 154
Inspiratory capacity 200
Inspiratory down stroke 284f, 285
Inspired oxygen concentration 61
Intergranular space 197
Interlock system 169
Interspinous ligament 304
Intrathecal block 301
Intrathecal injection 304
Intubating bronchoscope, single use flexible 226
Intubation
position of head and neck for 219
technique of
advantages 226
disadvantages 226
Iron 70
Isoflurane 27, 44, 145, 164, 167, 170
J
Jackson Rees, modification of Ayre's t-piece 178, 194f
Jaw thrus, maneuver of 246f
Joule-Kelvin, principle of 8
Joule-Thomson's, effect of 8
Junker bottle for insufflation technique 173
K
Keyed filling 169
adapters 171f
Knob of oxygen flow meter 60
Kuhn bag 193
L
Lack's system 178, 186
Lambert's law 275
Laminar and turbulent flow 124f
Laminar flow 124
pressure difference 185f
Laryngeal mask airway 257
accessories to 268
adverse effects 262
classic and the parts 257f
contraindications 261
different size of 258
directions for removal 259
flexible 262, 263f
indication 259, 271
intubating 264
method of inserting 260f
method of using 258, 270
modified versions of 262
precautions 261
proseal 266
proseal anatomical relations of 268f
proseal and parts of 267f
proseal with introducer and deflator 268f
short tube 263
sizes and specifications 261, 262
standard 257
supreme 269, 270f, 271
technique of using 265
unique 263, 263f
Laryngeal reflexes 271
Laryngeal spray 26
Laryngectomy tube 239
Laryngoscope 217
Laryngoscope
Bullard fiberoptic 222, 223f
endotracheal tubes and airways 217
Patil-syracuse 222, 223f
polio 222, 222f
traditional screw type 218
types of 219
position of 220
Laryngoscopy, technique of 218, 223
Laryngospasm 253
Laser-flex tube 235, 236f
Latex
allergy 253
rubber armoured tubes 232
rubber tube 232
Law of volumes 20
Leak test 207
Ligamentum flavum 304, 310
Like's spring-loaded syringe 310
Limb
expiratory 191
inspiratory 191
Link 25 safety device 53f
Liquid 4
and gas 2, 2f
anesthetic agents, volatility of 145
drops 9
ether 147
gas interface methods 143, 144f
increasing the surface area of 153
O2 89
oxygen 109, 112
precautions for 112
withdrawal line 111
Local anesthetic
eutectic mixture of 301
injection of 308f
Lumbar
dural puncture 304
epidural 301, 307
puncture position of 303
region 313
Lung anesthesia 238, 238f
M
Macintosh's
blade, curved blade 220f
indicator 310
laryngoscope 217
needle 310
spray 25f
spring-loaded needle 310
Magill's
breathing system 29f, 173, 178, 179, 183
components of 179f, 181, 182f
components of 180
connector 214, 215f, 240
flow in 85f
endotracheal tube 228, 240f
forceps 267
intubating forceps 244, 245f
red rubber endotracheal tube 228f
suction union 241, 242f
Magnetic field, unit of measurement of 57
Mainstream analyzer adapter 283f
Malignant hyperthermia 286
Mallinckrodt laser 235
Manganese 70
Manifold room 94
bulk gas cylinders 99
control panel 96
gas manifold and control panel 94
oxygen pipeline 95
partial automatic system 97
safety precautions in a manifold room 99
Mapleson's
A configuration 179, 186
B system 186, 187f, 200f
C system 187f
classification 178, 178f
D system 186, 188
E system 191
F system 192
Mask and inflation line 257
Master switch 56, 61
Matter
compound 1
element 1
molecular movement 1
molecule 1
Maximal current 293
McCoy laryngoscope 220
tip of 221
McKesson meter 138, 138f
Medical air, tank for supplying 110
Medical compressed air 109
Medical gas
cylinders 70
pipeline system 93
Metal
ball electrodes 294f
bellows 157, 158f
connector 240
ring 83
spiral reinforced tubes 232
tube 137f
Methyl orange 197
Microbacterial filter 311
Miller straight blade
laryngoscope 218, 220f
pediatric laryngoscope 217
Minimum contact gauge 97, 98f, 100
Mixed spinal nerve 308f
Moisture content 196
Molecular weight 2
Molecules 2, 124, 142
number of 3
solid of 2f
Molybdenum 71
Monitors multiparameter 273
Monoatomic 21
Murphy’ safety eye 229f, 230, 234
N
Nasal tube plain 234f
Nasopharyngeal airway 244
assessing size 253
different types of 252
Necrosis of nasal mucosa 253
Needle beside needle single interspace method 312
Needle valve 125
flow meter of 126f
Negative intrapleural pressure, transmission of 310
Negative pressure sign 310
Neonates and infants, anatomical differences of 219
Nerve block 301
Neuromuscular block
during anesthesia 294
monitoring 293
types of 295
Nitrogen in atmospheric air 15f
Nitrous oxide 49, 132
Nitrous oxide 90
cylinders assessing the contents of 40
round knob for 133f
Nondepolarising blocks 296, 296f
Noninvasive airway management device 257
Noninvasive blood pressure 273
Nonkinkable tubes 232
Noseworthy connector 241, 241f
Nylon
heads 87f
reinforced 117
O
Oblique expiratory upstroke 285
Odom's indicator 310
Oil-free air compressors 110f
Opioids 313
Oral airways different 247
Orifice 124
fixed pressure difference type 126
type 135
wet type 135
dry type 136
Oropharyngeal airway 244
Outlet points from ceiling 104
Outlet pressure type 120
Outlet valve 79
construction of 88
Oxford tubes 233, 234f
connectors for 235f
Oxygen 27, 70
bottling unit 89
cylinder 32f, 90
dissolved in blood, amount of 273
failure alarm 48
checking the anesthetic machine 54
fail-safe system 49
features of an ideal device 48
limitations 50
link 25 52
minimum ratio gas system 51
prevent hypoxic gas mixtures 49
principle of 50f
safety devices 49
three pressure’ systems 55
flow meter 132
problems related to the position of 141
safety of positioning 140f
flush valve 56
manifold in manifold room 95f
Oxygen pipeline 95
pressure failure alarm 56
reservoir bag 68f
saturation 275
continuous monitoring of 278
in hemoglobin 273
supply failure alarm 61
Oxy-hemoglobin levels 274
P
Paddles placement of 293
Partial pressure of
gases in air 13f
oxygen 15f
Perfusion bar, purpose of 279
Perfusion indicator 277, 279
Peripheral nerve 301
different types of 297f
stimulator 294, 294f, 295
Peripheral perfusion 289, 290
Peripheral pulse 289
Pethick test 191
Pharyngeal cavity 258
Phenolphthalein 197
Photoplethysmography 276
Physics 123
Pilot balloon 258
Pin index 86
safety system 33, 38, 59, 84
Pin valve 60, 125
and flow of gas 128f
Piped medical gas and vacuum 93
Pipelines and isolation valves 102
Pipes end in wall outlet units 102
Piping up to flow meter 56
Plastic
armoured tubes 232
catheter mount 214, 215f
endotracheal tubes 228
hammer 87f
Plateau, expiratory 285
Plenum 150, 161
Plethysmograph 276, 278, 279
Plexus block 301
Poikilothermic 4
Polycarbonate 66, 211
facemasks with flap rim 211f
mask 210
transparent mask 211
Polysulfone 258
Poppet valve 117
Position oxygen flow meter 60
Postanesthetic care unit 102
Postdural puncture headache 305
Postspinal headache 305, 310
Post-tetanic count 295, 299f
Potassium hydroxide 196
Power failure indicator 61
Poynting effect 21
Pressure 12, 12f
atmospheric pressure 15
critical 6
difference 127, 129
gauge 33, 38, 56, 59
for oxygen and nitrous oxide cylinders 39f
in oxygen cylinder and in nitrous oxide cylinder 40f
practical significance of 40f
types of 134
limiting valve 68f
partial pressure 13
reducing valve 41, 56, 59, 113, 114, 122f
mechanism of 117
simple design of 115f
two-stage 121f
types of 120
regulator 41, 59, 113
basic principle 114
benefits of 113
release valve 42, 43, 119, 120f
relief device 56, 60
relief valve 60, 202
sensors 100
switches 97
system
high 56
intermediate 56
low 56
Pressurizing effect 172
Proximal end of the catheter 311
Pulmonary embolus 287f
Pulsatile blood flow in the arterioles 275
Pulse oximeter 273, 273f, 279
features 275
finger probe of 275
fingertip 274
functional saturation 275
functioning of 276
important information 278
measure 289
working principle 274
Pulse plethysmography 289
Pulse rate 273
Pulse waveform 273, 276, 279
Pumping effect 172
Q
Quick-fil 169, 170
Quinke point 305
R
Radial pulse 289
Rebreathing system 194, 199
advantages 195
functioning 194
principle 194
Reducing valves, type of 116
Regulator
multistage 121
two stage 121
Reserve bank reducing valve 101
Reserve power 61, 173
Reservoir bag 178, 180
purpose of 183
Resistance signs, loss of 310
Respiration 273
Respiratory cycle 184f
Resuscitator bag
child size 67f
infant size 67f
self-inflating 64, 65f
three sizes of 69f
Rigid material, reservoir of 58
Ring Adair tubes 233
Robert Shaw double lumen tube 238f, 238
Rotameter 127, 129, 133
Rotameters 43
Rotor 131f
Rowbotham's connector 240, 240f
flow in 185f
Running bank reducing valve 101
Ryle's tube, size of 272
S
Sacral epidural 301
Safety devices 57
Saturated vapor pressure 8f, 146
Scavenging system 57
collecting system 57
disposal system 58
receiving system 58
transfer system 58
Schimmelbusch mask 147, 148f, 173
Schrader
self-sealing valves 103, 104
type self-sealing valves 103f
valve socket 103
Screw threaded
hose connections 104f
noninterchangeable 37, 104
Segmental epidural 307
Select-A-tec mounting 168, 168f
Semi-closed breathing system 179
Sevoflurane 27, 44, 145, 167, 170
cassettes 168
decomposition 199
Sheila Anderson laryngoscope 217
Shuttle valve 97
Silica 196
traces of 196
Silicon 70
masks 210
rubber flap brim 66
Single needle single interspace method 312
Slave control valve for N2O 51
Slender glass tube fixed 134
Sniffing position 218
Sodalime 196, 197, 208
canister 203, 204f
caution about 198
clinical indicators of exhausted 198
composition 196
exhaustion of 202
granules 197f
indicators 197
methods to find out exhaustion of 199
Sodium carbonate 196
Sodium hydroxide 196
Soft silicon round facemasks 213f
Solid drawn cylinders 71
Spill valve 204f
Spinal analgesia 302
equipment for 301
ideal sitting position for 303
positioning for 304
positioning for right lateral 304
positioning for sitting position 304
Spinal column, sagittal section 302
Spinal needle 304
different types of tip of 306
disposable with transparent and lock 306f
parts of 305
structures passed through 305f
tip of 305
Splitting ratio 170
Stainless steel shell, inner 111
Steel-carbon fiber cylinder 75f
Sterile disposable sets 311
Stout metal plates 122f
Strict formula of composition 71
Striking point 27
Stylet 242
types of 243f
Subarachnoid block 301, 302
Subarachnoid central neural block 302
Subcutaneous tissue 304
Submaximal 293
Succinylcholine 295
Sufentanil 313
Sulfur 70
Superheater 111
Supramaximal 293
Supraspinous ligament 304
Suxamethonium chloride 295
Switches 100
Swivel mount
for endotracheal connectors 243
with suction port 242
Swivel pendant 106, 107f
Syringe infusion pump 314f, 315
T
Tec 4 164
Tec 4, characteristics 164
Tec 5 164
Tec 6 165
Tec 7 166
Tec 7, vaporizer 167
Temperature
and pressure, standard conditions of 7
compensated vaporizers 161
compensation 156
critical 6
gas flowing of 157
liquid of 157
near the boiling point 156
Tensile test 72, 73
Terminal outlets 102
Tetanic stimulation 295, 298
Thermal capacity 146
Thermal conductivity 146
Thoracic epidural 301, 307
Throat soreness 262
Tracheobronchial stimulation 299
Transient dysarthria 262
Trichloroethylene 148
Trilene 145, 199
vaporizer 157
Tube
fluid pathway 123
from incisors, length of 231
Tuohy needle 311
Turbulent flow 124, 185f
U
Unequal pressures, points of 123
Unidirectional valves 204
Universal F
breathing system 210f
circuit 209
Upstroke, expiratory 284f, 285
Urine output 290
Urine production 289
V
Vacuum-insulated evaporator 110, 111f
Valve
expiratory 173, 178
modern adiabatic compression 118
modern advantages 118
modern dangers 118
modern main features 118
nonrebreathing 150
Vapor 145
Vapor and gases 7
adiabatic compression 12
evaporation of liquid in a closed container 8
explanation of latent heat of vaporization 9
fall of temperature of evaporating liquid 11
latent heat of
condensation 11
crystallization 11
liquefaction 11
melting 11
vaporization 8
sublimation 10
Vapor, formation of 10
Vapor, pressure 145
Vaporization 7, 8f
factors modifying the rate of 157
latent heat of 146
means to enhance 143
methods to improve the rate of 150
Vaporizer 44, 142, 145, 158
backpressure compensation 158
bubble through 155f
classification of 147
draw over 147
dropper type 157f
EMO 148
flow compensation 158
flow-over 150
fully calibrated 158
injector type 156f
inside circuit 30f
interlock system in 169f
mounting device 56
safety features in 172
stable 159
temperature compensation 158
Venous blood 16
Ventilation
adequacy of 274
controlled 188
spontaneous 188
Ventimask 24
Venting gas 42
Ventricular fibrillation, treatment of 291
Venturi device
construction of 24
ventimask working with 25f
Vernier effect 125
Versatile inventions 273
Video laryngoscopes 223, 224f
Vital organs perfusion of 289
Vital parameters 27
Volatile anesthetic agents 44
concentration of 174
Volatile anesthetic liquid 142
W
Wall mounting suction unit 109f
Wall outlet
for vacuum 108
of pipeline 102
series of 105
units, two types of 105f
Wall-Rail mounted designs 57
Water
depression meter 134
jacket method 73
manometer 134
sight feed meter 133, 135, 136f
vapor condensation of 9f
Waterproof plasters 311
Waveform
interpretation of 277
pulse oximeter of 277f
Wet flow meters 136f
Wick-in-jar 161
Wicks 153
Wood's metal 82
Wooden hammer 87f
Workstations
fail-safe valve, safety features in 62
flow meter, safety features in 62
hypoxia preventing devices, safety features in 62
oxygen analyzer, safety features in 63
oxygen failure protection device 62
pipeline wall outlets, safety features in 62
pressure sensor shut-off valve 62
safety features in 61
scavenging system, safety features in 63
vaporizers, safety features in 63
ventilators, safety features in 63
X
Xenon 21
Xomed laser 235
Xylocaine 301, 310
ampule 304
fixed proportions of 301
heavy spinal ampule 304
Y
Yoke 37, 59
assembly and A-type cylinders 80f
for oxygen 85f
hanger assembly 56
of anesthetic machine 82
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Chapter Notes

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