Textbook of Color Doppler Imaging Sumeet Bhargava, Satish Kumar Bhargava
INDEX
Page numbers followed by f refer to figure, and t refer to table
A
Abdomen, application in 215
Abortion 202
complete 202
incomplete 202
Abscess 107
testicular 134f
Acceleration index 25f
Acceleration time 25f
Adnexal mass, complex right 189f
Adnexal ovarian torsion 187
Adolescent stretch syndrome 64
Alcohol abuse 90
Alpha-fetoprotein, elevated 84
Anechoic lesions, nonspecific 92
Anemia, hemolytic 99
Aneurysms 40, 56, 122, 124, 162, 177
anterior of 120
diagnosis of 120
posterior borders of 120
Angiography 117
catheter-based 174
use of 93
Ankle index 158, 158t
Antecubital vein 41
Anticancer drug 44
Anticoagulation 67
Antiplatelet therapy 67
Aorta 115, 117, 157
abdominal 115, 116
dilated abdominal 118f
distal 117f
longitudinal scans of 118f
proximal 124f
sonography 116
transverse scans of 118f
Aortic aneurysm 119
abdominal 119
complication, catastrophic of 120
dissecting 120
inflammatory 119
types of 119f
Aortic branches 116, 123
Aortic dissection 120, 121f, 122, 179
Aortic graft 122
distal 122
Aortic pathology 117
Aortic pseudoaneurysm, abdominal 121
Aortic rupture 120
Aortic valve abnormalities 49
Aortic wall 117
Aortoarteritis 178f
nonspecific 177
Aortoenteric fistulas 119
Aortofemoral graft 122
Aortoiliac graft 122
Arcuate artery 125f, 185f
Arterial anastomosis, types of 105
Arterial anatomy, normal 175
Arterial aneurysm, peripheral 162
Arterial branching 26
Arterial disease
occlusive 69
peripheral 158
Arterial Doppler, peripheral 40
Arterial flow
turbulent 92
velocity waveform 87f
Arterial insufficiency 141
Arterial integrity 93
Arterial obstruction 27
diagnosis of 26
effect of 8
Arterial occlusive disease 157
peripheral 158
Arterial pressure 7
wave 6
Arterial stenosis 87
and occlusion 62
local effects of 28f
severity of 26
sign of severe 27
Arterial wall 175
Arterial waveform 153f, 158
Arterioles, vasoconstriction of 4
Arteriosclerosis 124, 160f
Arteriovenous fistulas
congenital 164
extrarenal 107
intrarenal 106
Arteriovenous malformations 68, 125, 146, 147f
renal 128
Artery
flow disturbance, large 64
intracranial 57
intratesticular 131f
muscular 176
normal 117
peripheral 156, 157f
popliteal 162f
posterior communicating 57f
pulmonary 176
stenosis, extremity 27
subclavian 158
superficial femoral 160f
Atherectomy 178, 179
Atheroma 52
Atheromatous disease 117
Atherosclerosis 176, 177
Atherosclerotic disease 64
Atherosclerotic emboli 106
Atherosclerotic plaques 118f, 119
dissections of 178
Atrial fibrillation 67
Atrophy
age-related 138
renal 99
Augmentation 168
Axillary artery 158
B
Balloon angioplasty 178, 179
Basal arteries 68
Basal cell carcinoma 145f
Basic Doppler system 16, 18
Basilar artery 58, 62
Bifurcation flow disturbance, normal 26f
Biliary atresia 85
Biliary ducts, dilated 76
Biliary obstruction 85
Blood 175
cell 25
movement, parallel lines of 25f
circulation 5
dynamic circulation of 3
flow 21, 33, 75
augmentation of 169f
direction of 76
Doppler measurement of 183f
energy 4
intratumoral 186
sampling, accurate 182
splenic 75, 90
velocity 19, 193
velocity of 36
vessels 148
Doppler scan of 54
volumetric flow of 15
Blunt splenic trauma 91
Bone fracture 214
Brachial artery 7f
Brachial index 158, 158t
Brain death 68
Breast 146
carcinoma of 149f
imaging, application in 216
lumps
benign 149t
malignant 149t
masses 216
benign 216
malignant 216
Budd-Chiari syndrome 81, 82, 85, 87
primary 81
secondary 81
Buerger's disease 158
Bulky uterus 202f
Burned-out tumor 137
Bypass graft, evaluation of 159
C
Cadaver kidneys 105
Caliber variations 74
Callus formation, evidence of 213f
Cancer, prostatic 111
Captopril scintigraphy 103
Carcinoma 150
endometrial 189, 190f
intraductal 148
lobular 150
pancreatic 93
thyroid 146f
Cardiac cycle, phases of 74f
Cardiac embolic disease 67
Cardiopulmonary bypass 67, 68
Cardiovascular system, application in 216
Carotid 15
aneurysms 53
angioplasty 67
artery 46, 48f
external 4749, 52f, 65f
internal 7f, 23f, 26f, 4749, 52, 52f, 54, 59, 59f, 62, 65f
normal 47f, 48f
occlusion 28f, 47
plaque, internal 67f
right internal 48f
stenosis, internal 27f
terminal 59f
body tumors 53
bulb reverse flow, region of 46
cavernous sinus fistulas 155
dissection 52
Doppler 40, 52
endarterectomy 66, 67
occlusion 52
siphon 60
stenosis 63
stenosis 64, 67
ultrasound 46
vessel 49
Carrel patch 105
Cavernosa 139, 140
Cavernosal artery 140f
Cavernous transformation 86
Cavity, endometrial 189
Celiac artery 93, 116
Celiac trunk 123, 124f
Central necrosis 145
Cerebral
artery 63f
acute middle 63
anterior 54, 57f, 58, 59f, 6062, 62f
dilated posterior 65f
middle 54, 57f, 58, 58f, 6062, 63f, 64t, 66f, 69f
occlusion, middle 63
posterior 57f, 5860, 62, 66f
stenosis, middle 63, 63f
autoregulation 69
blood flow 69
perfusion 69
reserve 55
trauma 68
venous thrombosis 56
Cerebrovascular Doppler sonography 46
Cerebrum, capillaries of 48
Cervical internal carotid artery 65f, 67f
Cervix, carcinoma of 191
Changing shades method 30
Cholelithiasis 86f
Chorionic sac stage 200
Choroidal melanoma 154f
Circle of Willis 207f
Circumaortic veins 127
Cirrhosis 75
advanced 77f
Clinical Doppler ultrasound imaging 1
Colonic ischemia 128
Color Doppler 196, 214
evaluation 143
flow 86f
image 76f, 83, 102f, 135f
images 65f, 67f, 77f, 152
role of 82, 90
sonographic criteria 93
sonography 93, 106, 109, 153f
accuracy of 93
Color flow images 29, 31
advantage of 31, 32
asynchronous 183
clinical advantages of 31
limitations of 32
principle of 29
quality, optimizing 33
synchronous 184
system 18, 29, 182
technique 30
Color flow
schemes 29f
system 30f
Color mode 39f
Common carotid artery 9, 26f, 28f, 47f, 48, 49, 50f, 51f, 61, 61t
color doppler images of 47f
power Doppler image of 50f
transverse color Doppler image of 52f
Common femoral
artery 156, 164f
vein 164f, 167, 169f, 170f, 172
Common iliac artery 116, 117f
bifurcation 116
Compression 168
Conventional sonography 97
Coronary angiography 67
Coronary vein, dilated 78f
Corpus luteum
color
Doppler in 193f
flow pattern of 186f
Cranial vasculature, power Doppler image of 32f
Cryptorchidism 130
D
Deep dorsal artery 139
Deep venous system 166, 172
Deep venous thrombosis 170, 172f
chronic 171
lower extremity 169
signs of 170
symptoms of 170
Diastolic notch 205f
Diastolic pressures 7
Diastolic umbilical flow, absent 210
Diastolic velocity 27, 49, 141
Dilated collection system, intrarenal duplex Doppler sonography of 97
Distal common carotid artery, B-mode image of 51f
Distal lower limb, compression of 169f
Distal ureter, dilated 109
Distal vertebral artery 64
Distant vein 41
Doppler
analysis of 99
color imaging 108
criteria 48
effect 13
equation 21
flow detection 12
frequency 25
shift 29
mixture of 21
spectrum 21, 22, 23, 24
imaging 110
indices 210t
postulate concerning frequency 1
principle 1
and instrumentation 13
shift method 13
signal 36, 183
spectral analysis 21, 24
spectrum
display 22, 22f
envelope traces of 24
systems 2, 19f, 36
limitations of 18
multigated 29
traces 25
ultrasonography 94
ultrasound 3, 182
waveform 156, 157
Dorsalis pedis
artery waveform 28f
vein 172
Ductal ectasia 112
Ductus
abnormal 210
venosus 208f
Duplex Doppler 74f, 81, 207f
findings 84
image 125f
sonography 100, 121
systems 20
E
Echogenic focal masses 83
Echogenic tumor thrombus 76f
Elastic lamina
external 176
internal 176f
Emboli
cardiac source of 57
detection 66
potential uses of 67t
Embolic source, localization of 67
Embryo transfer, optimal conditions for 198
Embryonal cell carcinoma 136, 137
End diastolic
flow, loss of 207f
frequencies, artifactual loss of 200
velocity 49, 140
volume, abnormal 142
Endarterectomy 46
Endocavitary duplex transducers 81
Endometrial evaluation, role of ultrasound and color Doppler in 192
Endometrial polyp, vascularity in 190f
Endometrial thickness 190f
Endometriosis 187, 195
Endometritis 189
Endometrium 192f, 200
changes in 193
secretory changes in 192
Endoscopic Doppler ultrasound 81
Epididymis 130, 132, 133f, 135f
enlargement of 132
Epididymitis, acute 133f
Epididymo-orchitis 132, 134f
Erectile dysfunction 139
duplex ultrasonography of 139
evaluation of 139
technique 140
treatment of complications 142
Erythrocytes 15
Extracranial
arteries, status of 57
occlusive disease 64
Extratesticular tumors, majority of 138
F
False lumen 177
Fast Fourier transformation 21
Fatal pulmonary embolism, potentially 12
Fatty tissue 136
Femoral artery, distal superficial 160f
Femoral vein, proximal superficial 172
Fetal
aorta, normal flow pattern in 207f
breathing movements 201
circulation, normal 202f
death 201
descending thoracic aorta 205
distress 208f
echocardiography 208, 209f
heartbeat, detection of 13
middle cerebral artery 205, 207f
vasculature, normal 207f
venous circulation 208
Fetoplacental circulation 201
Fetus in utero, parts of 217f
Fibroadenoma 150
Fibroadenosis 150
Fibroid 186, 187, 195
pedunculated 186
peripheral vascularity in 187f
Fibromuscular stroma, anterior 110
Fistula
arteriovenous 163, 164
extrarenal arteriovenous 105
traumatic 164
Flank pain 100
Flow disturbance, severe 26, 27
Flow velocity
measurement of 10f
slight decrease of 61
waveform 183f
Fluids, motion of 3
Foley's catheter 197
Follicles, small peripheral 196f
Foramen magnum 57
Fracture treatment 212
Fusiform 120
Fuzzy fracture 212
G
Gallbladder 85, 215
body of 86f
carcinoma of 85, 86f
Gastric artery 123, 124f
Gastroduodenal artery 124f
Gastroesophageal junction 78f
Germ cell layers 137
Gestation, ectopic 203f
Gestational sac, empty 204f
Gestational trophoblastic
disease 187
tumors 188
Glagov effect 176
Glandular
prostate 110
tissue, periurethral 110
Graft 106
implantation, complications of 122
infection 123
Graves’ disease 148
Gray's anatomy 184
H
Harmonic imaging 35
relies 35
requires 35
Harmonic mode 38
Head injury, severe 69
Hemangioma 83, 145
cavernous 146
intraocular 155f
superficial 147f
Hematocele 134
Hematoma 107, 121
intratesticular 134, 135
small hypoechoic 213
Hemolytic uremic syndrome 99
Hemorrhage
subarachnoid 56, 60, 62f, 63f
subcapsular 91
Hepatic abscess 84f
early stage 84
Hepatic artery 73, 86, 87f, 93, 123
common 123, 124f
postoperative occlusion of 86
Hepatic lesions, color Doppler in 83
Hepatic portion, segmental obstruction of 81
Hepatic transplantation 85
Hepatic veins 73, 81, 82, 82f, 87, 127
major 81
thrombosis 81
early 87
Hepatic veno-occlusive diseases 81
Hepatocellular carcinoma 42f, 83, 84
Hepatofugal portal flow 76, 87f, 90
Hepatopetal, monophasic flow 81
Hepatorenal syndrome 100
High frequency arterial signals 76
High graft failure, causes of 93
High intensity focused ultrasound 44
High resolution ultrasonography, current role of 130
High velocity venous flow 77
Hydatiform mole 188f
high vascularity around 188f
Hydrocele 134, 134f, 135f
large 135f
Hydronephrosis 119
Hydrosalpinx-contrast agent 39f
Hyperparathyroidism 152f
Hyperplasia
endometrial 190f
intimal 106, 175, 176f
Hypertension
portal 74, 75, 75f, 78f, 79, 80, 90, 90f
renovascular 102
Hypoechoic
layer, middle 176f
lesion, focal 111f
mass 138f, 191f
rim 83
testis 133f
Hypoplasia 53, 54
Hysterosalpingography 198
I
Iliac artery
external 105, 117f
internal 117f
Iliac flow 184
Iliac veins 127
In vitro fertilization 196
color Doppler in 195
Infarction, scar stage of 91
Inferior mesenteric artery, division of 128
Inferior vena cava 40, 81, 82, 82f, 126
anatomy 126
pathology 126
sonography 126
Infertility 130, 195, 199
color Doppler in 199
role of color Doppler in 191
Inflammation
acute 132
chronic 132
Inflammatory diseases 132
Inguinal ligament, level of 156
Intra-arterial digital subtraction 102
Intracranial disease 62, 69
Intraocular mass 154f
Intraovarian perfusion 196f
Intrarenal artery, normal pulse Doppler waveform of 97f
Intrasplenic arterial branches 91
Intrasplenic pseudoaneurysm, hemostasis of 92
Intrastenotic spectrum 9f
Intrauterine polyp 189
Intravascular ultrasound, limitations of 179
Ischemia, symptomatic 46
Ischemic attacks, transient 63f
K
Kidney 96
color amplitude image of 32f
contralateral normal 101
failure
cause of 100
functional 100
states, subsequent 100
Knee, swelling of 147f
L
Laminar flow 4, 25f
parabolic profile of 4f
principle of 4f
Laplace's law 119
Lesions
malignant 146f, 187
mural 126
Leydig cell 137
Lienorenal collaterals 78f
voluminous 91f
Lienorenal shunt, duplex Doppler of 80f
Liver 73, 104, 215
benign tumor of 83
disease 100
recurrent 86
Doppler in 73
failure, severe 81
transplantation 8587
tumor 84
metastatic 83
Low density lipoprotein, levels of 117
Low flow velocity 27
Low pulse repetition frequency 33
Low velocity turbulent flow 80f
Lower limb 156
arterial doppler technique 157
pain 117
veins 166, 167
Lower splenic pole 90
Lumen, partial canalization of 172f
Lumps, malignant 150t
Luteal phase defect 195
Lymphocele 94, 107
M
Main renal artery, thrombosis of 106
Malignancy, prostatic 112
Malignant lesions 84
Marfan's syndrome 119
Median arcuate ligament 116
Mediastinum testis 130
Melanoma, ocular 154f
Menstrual cycle 191, 193f
Mesenteric artery 23
superior 77
Mesenteric vein 75
superior 73, 86, 90
Metastasis 146, 146f
subcutaneous 145f
Metastatic lesions 127
Microbubbles, liver specific phase of 41
Microemboli 67f
Midaorta 125f
Middle cerebral artery embolus, detection of 67f
Moya-moya disease 64, 65f, 66f
Multiple portosystemic collaterals, development of 90
Multiple radionuclide techniques 170
Multiple small arterial vessels, development of 144
Musculoskeletal mass lesions 143
Musculoskeletal system 143
instrumentation 143
technique 143
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 132
Mycotic aneurysms 121
Myometrium-endometrium border 192
N
Native valve disease 67
Neck, color Doppler in 152f
Neoplasia 86
prostatic epithelial 112
Nephron loss 99
Neurovascular bundles, adjacent 110
Nodular hyperplasia, focal 41, 43f, 44, 83
Non-Doppler systems 17
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 137
Non-lymphoproliferative diseases, secondary 138
O
Obesity, maternal 201
Obstructed kidneys, acutely 98
Obstruction
mild 98
resistive index analysis of 99
Occlusion 125
Occlusive disease 117
Oligohydramnios 201
Omentum 136
Ophthalmic artery 153
Optic nerve 153
Orbit 152
Orbital vessels, normal 153
Organ transplants 93
Ovarian arterial flow pattern 185f
Ovarian artery 199
waveform of 185f
Ovarian dermoid 186f
Ovarian flow, in-active 187
Ovarian masses 184
Ovarian stimulation 196f
Ovarian uterine discordance 194
Ovarian vascularity 192
Ovarian vein 127
thrombosis 128
Ovarian vessels 184
Ovary
changes in 192
corpus luteum 192
endometrioma of 188f
Ovulation stimulation 195
P
Pain 130
Pampiniform plexus, normal 131f
Pancreas 94
color Doppler in 93
transplant, postoperative evaluation of 94
Pancreatic transplant, first segmental 93
Papilloma, intraductal 148
Parathyroid
adenoma 151, 152f
glands 148
Paraumbilical veins 77, 81
flow gradients 77f
patent 77f
Parotid
hemangioma 153f
lesion, benign 153f
Peak systolic velocity, abnormal 142
Pelvic
congestion syndrome 188
venous plexus 191
Pelvis, application in 215
Penile erection
anatomy of 139
physiology of 139
Penis
dorsal surface of 142f
dorsum of 139
Percent area stenosis 176
Perfluoropropane 37
Perigraft fluid 123
Perinatal mortality 210t
Peripheral arteries, Doppler imaging of 156
Peripheral flow resistance, influence of 7f
Peritesticular flow 132f
Peritoneal cavity 91
Peritransplant fluid collections 94
Peroneal vein
distal 172
proximal 172
Peyronie's disease 142, 142f
Pharmacopenile duplex ultrasonography 139
Phylloides 150
Plaque morphology, classification of 50
Plug flow 5
Poiseuille's equation 5
Poiseuille's law 5
Polyarteritis nodosa 124
Polycystic ovarian disease 195
Polyp, endometrial 190f
Polypoid mass, focal 85
Pons, power border of 54
Porta hepatis 73, 76
Portal cavernoma formation 76f
Portal flow
normalization of 85f
reversal of 84f
Portal hypertension
complications of 80
extrahepatic 87
sign of 76, 90
Portal system
intrasplenic 86
thrombosis 76
Portal thrombosis, chronic 76
Portal vein 73, 82, 87, 87f
anatomy, abnormal 87
branches 73, 80f
dilatation of 90
Doppler 40
measurements of 79t
duplex Doppler evaluation of 74f
flow pattern 74f
main 93
normal 81
occlusion, diagnosis of 86
patency 85
stenosis of 87
system 79, 85
thrombosis 76f, 79
waveform, normal 74f
Portosystemic surgical shunts, evaluation of 80
Posterior fossa ischemia 46
Postmyocardial infarction 67
Poststenotic flow 11f
disturbance 27
Poststenotic segment 106
Poststenotic spectrum 9f
Power Doppler
flow imaging 34
image 34, 43f, 82f
sonography 84
system 34
Pregnancy
changes in 200
ectopic 188, 189f, 203
molar 187, 203
Prostate
Doppler evaluation of 110
hypertrophy, benign 110
Prosthetic cardiac valves 67
Proximal renal artery stenosis, severe 28f
Pseudoaneurysm 106, 107, 121, 121f, 122, 162, 163
develop 92
extrarenal 107
gray scale sonography 121
intrasplenic 91
post-traumatic 91
types of 122
Pseudosac, recognition of 203
Pulsatile
flow 6, 8
pattern 8
masses 46
neck masses 52
Pulsatility 23f
index 24f
measurements 24f
Pulse
Doppler
image femoral vein, longitudinal 169f
instruments 17, 57
tracing 103f
pressure 7
repetition frequency 73, 97
wave Doppler 17
Pulsed Doppler
equipment 115
instrument, principal components of 17f
interrogation 97
sonography 84
Pyelocaliectasis 108
Pyogenic granuloma 146, 146f
R
Radial artery 185f
Radial veins 166
Rayleigh Tyndall scattering 15
Renal artery 96, 103f, 120, 124, 178f
and veins, intraparenchymal 96f
aneurysms 124
level of 116
main 103
multiple donor 105
normal 97f
parenchymal branches of 108
stenosis 102, 103, 105
thrombosis 106
Renal cell carcinoma 101f, 105
Renal failure 99
irreversible chronic 105
Renal function, recovery of 100
Renal mass 100
evaluation of 100
Renal medical disease 99
Renal obstruction, acute 98
Renal scintigraphy 99
Renal sinus 125f
Renal transplant 104, 108, 112
dysfunction 108
rejection 108f
vascular complication of 105
Renal vascular resistance 98
Renal vein 102, 127
large 80
right 127
stenosis 107
thrombosis 100, 105, 107, 127
Resistivity index 24f
Respiration, venous effect of 12
Retinal artery, central 153
Retinal vein, central 153
Retinal vessels abnormalities 155
Retrograde inherently laminar flow, zone of 10
Retroperitoneum 115
Reversible ischemic neurological deficit 46
Reynolds number 6
Rhabdomyosarcoma 144f
S
Saccular collection, anechoic 121f
Salivary gland 152
adenoma, pleomorphic 152
tumors 152
Saphenofemoral junction 167, 168f, 172, 173f
Saphenous vein
great 166, 168f
lesser 166
mapping, preoperative 173
small 167
Scrotal
calcifications 136
calculus 135f
diseases, diagnosis of 130
hernias 136
mass, palpable 130
sac and testis, empty right 136f
trauma 133
wall 130
Seminoma 136, 137f
Senile testicular atrophy 138f
Sertoli cell 137
Sharp systolic peak 23
Shifting line method 30
Sion procedure 197, 199t
Sion test 198t, 199
Skin
and subcutaneous tissues 144
lesions 146t
Snail shell curl 132
Sonosalpingography 191, 197
technique 197f
Spatial pulse 17
Spectral counter parts 31
Spectral widening, degree of 25
Spermatic cord 133f, 136f
Splanchnic aneurysms 124
Splanchnic arteries 91
Splanchnic system 74
Spleen 104
Splenic artery 93, 124f
aneurysm 125f
dilatation of 90
Splenic hilum 73
Splenic infarction 91
characteristics of 91
diagnosis of 91
Splenic vein 73, 90, 93
dilatation of 75
dilated and tortuous 90f
flow pattern 90f
Spongiosa 139
Stenosis 8, 10f, 27, 27f, 50f, 104, 125, 178f
arterial 107
assessing severity of 8
degree of 11f
diagnosis of 64t
high grade 27
moderate 27
proximal subclavian 53
severity of 9
suspicion of 106
various degrees of 49t
visual measurement of 32
Stenotic internal carotid lumen 27f
Stenotic lumen 27
Stenotic measurements, direct 49
Stenotic zone refers 26
Stent graft placement 179
Stent thrombosis 81
Stimulate micturition 38
Stomach, fundus of 78f
Stroke
ischemic 56
mild 46
risk of 50
Stromal echogenicity 196f
Subclavian arteries, proximal 158
Subclavian steal syndrome 46, 64
Superficial femoral artery, thrombosis of 160f
Superficial temporal artery 47
Superficial venous system 166
Superior mesenteric
artery 93, 96, 116, 118f, 123, 124f
vein 93
Systolic peak, early 104
Systolic pressure 7
Systolic slope 103
Systolic velocity, peak 96, 140
Systolic window 24, 25
T
Tardus refers 103
Teratocarcinoma 137
Teratoma 137, 138f
Terminal internal carotid artery 58, 60
Testicular calcifications, isolated 136
Testicular flow, spectral waveforms of 130
Testicular rupture 134
Testicular torsion 131, 132
late phase of 132f
Testicular tumors 132, 135, 136
majority of 135
Testicular vascularity, normal 131f
Testicular vessels 132
Testis 130
enlargement of 132
neoplasms of 136
senile atrophy of 138
torsion of 132f
undescended 135, 136f
Thrombocytopenia 99
Thrombus 177
Thyroid
benign lesion of 151f
gland 148, 150f152f
inferno sign 150f
nodules 148, 151f
solitary nodule in 151f
Thyrotoxicosis 150f
Tibial vein
distal
anterior 172
posterior 172
proximal anterior 172
Tiny air embolisms 56
Tissue attenuation 182
Tortuous vessels 15
Transcranial Doppler 39, 55, 69
clinical applications of 70t
sonography 57
ultrasound 53
Transforaminal window 59
Transient ischemia 46
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt 80
Transorbital window 54, 59
Transplant rejection 108, 112
role of Doppler in 94
Transplantation
complication of 107
pancreatic 93, 94
Transtemporal window 54, 58
Transvaginal color Doppler sonography, goal of 186
Treponema pallidum 132
Triphasic flow pattern 157
Tubal patency, confirming 198f
Tuberculosis, chronic 136
Tumors 85
ocular 153
orbital 153
Tunica vaginalis 130
U
Ulnar veins 166
Umbilical artery 204
diastolic flow in 206f
normal 205f
waveform, limitations of 208
Umbilical flow velocity waveforms 201
Umbilical resistance, high 210
Umbilical vein, normal flow pattern in 208f
Upper limb 158, 168
Ureteral pressure 98
Ureteric drainage 105
Ureterovesical junctions 109
Urethra, proximal 139
Urinary
bladders 109f
obstruction 108
system
color Doppler in 96
role of color Doppler in 96
Urinoma 107
Urological application 215
Uterine 185f, 191
arteriovenous malformation 189
artery 192, 199, 204, 205f
flow 193f
in nonpregnant state 204f
in pregnancy, flow pattern of 204f
low velocity, normal 187
waveform 185f
biophysical profile 194, 199
ultrasound technique for 193
blood flow 195
factor 195
fibroid 187f
perfusion 192
tumors, malignant 189
vessels, main 184
wall, vasculature of 184f
Uteroplacental
circulation 201
vasculature, normal 201f
Uterus, bicornuate 216f
V
Vaginal probe 198
Valsalva maneuver 128, 131, 137f, 168, 169f
Variceal bleeding 78f
Varicocele 135, 135f, 136, 136f
Vascular
bypass graft 31
calcification, prominent 9
color flow signals, multiple 153f
complications 105
congestion 100
lesions 145, 153
phantom 10f
phenomena 214
rejection, acute 108
velocity, peripheral 38
Vasculogenic impotence 139, 142
Veins 105
perforating 166, 172
popliteal 172
superficial 166
femoral 169f
Vena cava filter 179
Venous compression, lack of 170
Venous Doppler, peripheral 41
Venous flow
arterialization of 147f
continuous 153f
Venous integrity 93
Venous obstruction 12
Venous pressure 12
Venous system 166
instrumentation and technique 166
Venous thrombosis 94
Venous waveform, normal 169f
Vertebral artery 47, 53, 58, 62, 65f
course of 47
junction 59
Vertebral vessels 46
Vesicoureteric junction, color Doppler in 99
Vesicoureteric reflux, detection of 109
Vessels 21
abdominal 73
great 115
identification 58t
criteria 60t
lumen 93, 117
segments 177
sudden interruption of 93
superficial femoral 164f
walls, elasticity of 3
Viral hepatitis, chronic 90
Viscosity 3
Voiding cystourethrogram 109f
Volumetric flow 16
W
Waterfall sign 191
Waveforms 22
interpretations of 208
Wilm's tumor 101f
Z
Zygoma 47
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