Internal Medicine Diagnosis and Therapy M Gabriel Khan
INDEX
Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, fc refer to flowchart, and t refer to table.
A
Abscess
intra-abdominal 378, 397
perivalvular 184
Acalculous cholecystitis 442, 443
Acebutolol 17, 58
Acetylcholine 134
Acid hypersecretion 406
Acidemia 308
Acidosis 119, 500
severe 258
Acinetobacter 337, 338
calcoaceticus 339, 348
species 336, 350, 353, 356, 364
Acquired disorders 517
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 166, 275, 396, 410, 439, 442, 481, 586, 594, 663
Acromegaly 671
clinical manifestations 671
diagnosis of 671, 672fc
management 672
Activated partial thromboplastin time 534
Adalimumab 416
Addison's disease 282, 663
Adenosine 135, 136t, 137
deaminase 386
monophosphate 292
thallium scintigraphy 52
triphosphate 514
Adizem 16, 61
Adrenal adenoma 669
Adrenal diseases 663
Adrenal hyperplasia
bilateral 669
late-onset congenital 677
Adrenal insufficiency 663
causes 663
clinical manifestations 663
diagnostic procedures 664
management of chronic 666
treatment of acute 665
Adrenal tumors 667
Adrenocorticotropic hormone 583, 657
dependent 667
independent 667
Adriamycin 275
toxicity 274
Aerobic gram-positive organisms 336
Aeromonas species 409
Aerosol metered dose inhaler 306t
Aeruginosa 480
Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia 519
Agranulocytosis 19
Air pollution 302, 310
Airflow obstruction 314
expiratory 309
severe 314
Airway inflammation 299
Akinetic seizures 283
Alanine aminotransferase 436
Albumin-creatinine ratio 1, 99t, 496
Albuterol 294, 315, 618
Alcohol
abuse 140
consumption 234
excess 212
Alcoholism 232
Aldosterone 497
antagonists 118
Aldosterone-producing adenoma 669
Alirocumab 210
Alkaline diuresis 494
Allergic pulmonary edema 108
Allergic purpuras 543
Allopurinol 300, 494
Alopecia 232
Alosetron 401
Alpha-adrenergic antagonists 16
Alpha-antitrypsin deficiency 310
Alpha-blockers 9, 282
Alpha-thalassemia major 526
Aluminum-containing antacids 407
Alveolar proteinosis 108
Alveolar pulmonary edema 107
diffuse 107f
Amebicide 485
Ameliorate
bothersome 116
cardiogenic shock 3
American College of Cardiology 3, 207, 703
American Heart Association 3, 703
guidelines 207
Amikacin 355, 356, 441, 481, 547
Amiloride 14, 157, 434
Aminoglycosides 355, 493, 547
Aminopenicillins 344
Aminophylline 138, 613
Amiodarone 134, 153, 154, 157160, 257, 270, 286, 379, 399, 655
blocks 157
Amiprilose hydrochloride 600
Amlodipine 16, 23, 61
Amniotic fluid leak 493
Amoebic abscesses, treatment of 485
Amoxicillin 245247, 289, 328, 344, 345, 583
Amphetamine 451
Amphotericin B 482
Ampicillin 242, 243, 245, 246, 344, 345, 347, 481, 583
susceptible strains 348
Ampullary stenosis 443
Amylase 386
Amyloid 678
diagnosis 678
heart disease 275, 679f
therapy 679
Amyloidosis 505, 587, 678
Anaerobic pleuropulmonary infections 340
clinical features 341
epidemiology 340
microbiology 341
therapy 342
Ancillary therapy 82
Androgen-producing tumors 675
Anemia 500, 511, 515, 517, 549
classification of 511, 511b
mild 526
secondary 511, 518
with marrow disruption 511, 519
Anesthesia, general 247, 341
Anesthetics, injection of 476
Angina 43, 175, 263
classification 43
diagnosis of 43
management of 45
pathophysiology of 45fc
severe 49f
Angiography, selective 426
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 94, 169, 505, 583
inhibitors 15, 16, 59, 125, 197, 267, 269, 273, 679
dosages of 19t
Angiotensin-receptor blockers 3, 21, 126, 691
Anistreplase 81
Ankylosing spondylitis 564, 578, 587
treatment of 590
Annulus 196
Anserine bursitis 579
Antacids 121, 406
Antagonists 3
Antiarrhythmic agent 129, 133t, 152, 286
Antiarrhythmic drugs 133, 155t, 399
action 154f
dosage 154t
Antiatheroma drugs 207
Antibacterials 418
Antibiotic 228, 445, 486, 493
combined with needle aspiration 445, 486
policy 547
selection 486
therapy 342, 590
Antibody, incomplete 523
Anticancer agents 517
Anticardiolipin antibodies 376
Anticholinergic agents 315
Anticholinergic bronchodilators 294, 295
Anticholinesterase inhibitors 471
Anticonvulsant
agents 460, 461
tricyclic 293, 460
Antidiuretic hormone 497
ectopic 613
potentiating drugs 613
secretion of 612
secretion, increased 612
Antidromic tachycardia 146
Antifungal agents 228
Antiglobulin
absence of 523
test 523
Antihistamines 683
Antihypertensive agents 461
Antihypertensive drugs, daily dosage of 16t
Anti-inflammatory drugs 314
Antimicrobial agents 342
Antimicrobial resistance 343
Antimicrobial spectrum 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 350, 353
Antimicrobial therapy 547
modification of 338
Antimigraine drug 399
Antineoplastic agents 583
Antineoplastic drug 399
Antinuclear antibody 386, 592
Anti-Parkinson's drug 399
Antiphospholipid syndrome 603
Antipseudomonal penicillins 342, 346, 347, 481
Antiretroviral therapy 212
Antirheumatic drugs, disease-modifying 591t
Antistaphylococcal penicillins 343, 481
Antithrombin deficiency 543
Antithrombotic regimens 181
Antithymocyte globulin 600
Antithyroglobulin antibodies 653, 654
Antithyroid
agents 517
drugs 660
peroxidase 653
antibody 653
Antrum syndrome 406
Anxiety 200, 369
Aorta
abdominal 695
coarctation of 40
Aortic arch syndrome 285
Aortic balloon valvuloplasty 182
Aortic diastolic murmurs 272
Aortic dilatation
absence of 10
presence of 10
Aortic dissection 26, 182, 251, 280
Aortic prosthetic valve surgery 178t
Aortic regurgitation 181
causes of 182t
diagnostic hallmarks 182
management of chronic 184
moderate 185
severe 185
Aortic root dilatation 182
Aortic stenosis 108, 174, 177, 280, 286
causes of 174
diagnosis 174
moderate 175t, 176, 178
physical signs 174
severe 143, 175t, 176, 176t, 178, 181
signs of 174
surgical therapy 177
Aortic systolic murmur 183, 272
Aortic valve
bioprosthesis 181
replacement 181
surgical 186
types of 184
Aortic valvular stenosis, causes of 174t
Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 266f
Apical pansystolic murmur 205
Aplasia 518
Aplastic anemia 511, 517
severe 517
Aplastic disorders 517
Apresoline 34
Areflexia 472
Arizona strategy 253
Aromatic hydrocarbons 517
Arrhythmia 129, 134, 136, 148, 204, 290, 463
benign 151
life-threatening 124
malignant 151
management of 129
non-life-threatening 124
termination of 136
Arterial blood gas 114, 304, 305t, 372, 557
Arterial pressure, diastolic 182
Arteriography 426
Arteriosclerosis 182
Arteriovenous fistula 111, 265f
Arteriovenous shunts 336
Artery
infarct-related 65
intercostal 382
Arthralgias 398
Arthritides 215
infectious 593
Arthritis 52, 205, 206, 329, 398, 585, 588
migratory 586
pauciarticular 587
treatment of reactive 590
Arthropod venoms 493
Asbestos exposure 379
Ascites 167, 379, 431, 432, 490
causes of 432b
clinical features 433
complications of 433
management 434
Ascitic fluid, analysis of 433
Aspiration 453, 457
pneumonia 341, 361
causes of 341
Aspirin 54, 65, 79t, 206
enteric-coated 166
maintenance of 206
Astemizole 133, 159
Asthma 289, 290, 294, 299
causes of 303
chronic stable 293
clinical trial 305
controlled 305, 306
etiology of 292
leukotriene receptor antagonists 305
mechanical ventilation of 308
severe 304
therapy of 305
treatment of 293
chronic 306t
stable 306t
triggers 301
allergens 301
exercise and stress 302
infections 302
uncontrolled 291
underestimation of 303
Asymmetric hypertrophy 261
Asymptomatic proteinuria 501
Ataxia 472
Atelectasis 336, 372
Atenolol 9, 10, 17, 32, 58, 120, 791
therapy, chronic 32
Atheroma 67, 207, 249
development 214
formation 258
pathophysiology of 67fc
percentage of 209
rupture 207
Atheromatous arterial disease 625, 636
Atheromatous coronary stenosis 55, 177
Atheromatous disease 222
cause of 626
Atherosclerotic renovascular disease 36
Atopy 311
Atorvastatin 227, 228, 232
Atrial fibrillation 22, 91, 131, 140, 143, 145, 147, 194, 263, 264, 280, 298,465, 681
causes of 140
quick ventricular response 143f
Atrial flutter 131, 140, 147
Atrial myxoma 280, 678, 680
treatment 680
Atrial natriuretic hormone 497
Atrial rate 131
Atrial septal defect 111
Atrial tachycardia, multifocal 137, 139, 298
Atrioventricular block 287
first-degree 205
Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia 131, 132f, 134, 135fc, 136, 147, 148
Atropine 255, 315
Audible sound, generate 312
Autohemolytic anemia 523
Autoimmune thyroiditis, chronic 654
Autonomic disturbances, treatment of 81
Azalides 358
Azathioprine 414, 421
Azithromycin 228, 289, 290, 328, 358
resistant bacteria 290
Azlocillin 342, 346, 347, 481, 547
Azotemia 501
Aztreonam 354, 355
B
Bacampicillin 344
Bacillus cereus 408, 409
Bacteria 237
Bacterial endocarditis 182, 239, 586
acute 237
prevention of 241b, 244, 244b, 246t
prophylaxis 244
subacute 237
Bacterial infections 378, 393, 409, 586
Bacterial pneumonias 330
Bacteriologic stains 388
Bacteroides fragilis 340
species 353
Bacteroides gragilis 340, 347, 350, 357, 358
group 351
Bacteroides melaninogenicus 340, 351, 358
Bacteroides species 341
Balloon
aortic valvuloplasty 180
flotation catheter 136, 138
tamponade 427
Barbiturate 300
withdrawal 451
Barrett's esophagus 404
Basal membrane 503
Basilar artery migraine 282
Basilar reticulonodular disease 382f
Beclomethasone 306
Behçet's disease 564
Behçet's syndrome 182
Benazepril 16, 20
Bendrofluazide 14, 18
Bendroflumethiazide 18
Bentiromide test 423
Benzathine penicillin G 206
Benzene 517
Benzthiazide 18
Benzylpenicillin 343
molecule 344
Berry aneurysms 40
Beta-adrenergic
agonists 291
blockade, salutary effects of 68fc
blockers 273, 461
Beta-agonist
long-acting 289
preparation 294t
subcutaneous 307
Beta-blockade results 56
Beta-blockers 9, 17, 31, 35, 39, 81, 89, 118, 140, 153, 156, 250t, 267, 285, 459, 460, 645, 660, 679
combination 60
drugs 7t
effects 55
first choice 54
for angina, dosage of 55t
heart attack trial 251
randomized control trials 57t, 66t
therapy 89
use 268
Beta-lactams 342, 355
Bezafibrate 233
Bicarbonate 631
Bicuspid valve 181
Biguanide 643
Bile ascites 432
Bile duct lymphoma 442
Biliary cirrhosis 212
primary 233, 654
Biliary pain 420
Biliary pseudolithiasis 351
Biliary system 442, 442b
Bioprosthetic valve 180
Biopsy, open 390
Bisoprolol 4, 9, 10, 11, 118
Bisphosphonates 622
Bitolterol tomalate 294
Bladder 491
neck 491
obstruction 492
rupture 492
Blastocystis hominis 588
Bleeding diathesis 538
Bleeding disorder 196
Bleeding episode, treatment of acute 536
Blocadren 18
Blood
brain barrier 469
cells 489
cholesterol 210, 216
coagulation
factors, characteristics of 531t
systems 532fc
cultures 443
collection of 242
from ears 448
glucose 648
less-intensive 625
Gram's stain of 239
leukocytes 531
levels 215
campesterol 99t
essential 215
sitosterol 99t
lymphocytes 553
platelets 531
pressure 3, 5fc, 33, 65, 168, 272, 369, 453, 498
control of 28
goal 647
low 490
systolic 1, 4fc, 6fc
sitosterol, elevated 98
urea nitrogen 1, 239, 436, 489
vessel, major 251
Bloody fluid 386
Bone
and intestine 620
pathology 619
resorption, increased 619
Bone marrow 547
autologous 551
biopsy 556
colony growth 556
generalized disorders of 546
transplantation 518, 551
Borrelia burgdorferi 588, 594
Botulinum toxin 460
Bowel X-rays, small 416
Brachial pulse 175
Brachiocephalic trunk, distal 695
Bradyarrhythmia 161, 257, 280, 286
Bradycardia 70, 283, 285, 288
severe 161, 286
symptomatic 287
Brain 602
abscess, causes of 484t
concentration 10, 89
parenchyma 476
Brainstem 462
Branhamella catarrhalis 328
Breast cancer 476
Breath
mild shortness of 175
severe shortness of 175
Bromocriptine 282, 379, 399, 469, 670
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness 305
Bronchial smooth muscle 309
Bronchitis 330
chronic 309, 311
Bronchoconstriction 305
Bronchodilators 289, 292t, 315t
Bronchodilatory capabilities 291
Bronchopneumonia 330
Bronchoscopy 390
Bronchospasm, treatment of 313
Brucella 588
Brudzinski's sign 476
Brugada syndrome 252, 253, 678, 680, 683, 683f
characteristic of 682f
diagnosis 681
therapy 682
Bruising 538
Budd-Chiari syndrome 432, 433
Budesonide 306
Bumetanide 18
Burkholderia cepacia 360, 364
Bursitis 563, 575
C
Caffeine 138, 459, 613
Calcitonin 622, 623
gene-related peptide 461
Calcium 3, 106, 498, 499
antagonists 16, 22, 23t, 35, 60, 93, 270
for angina, dosages of 61t
carbonate, mobilization of 497
chloride 134, 255, 256
dosage 256
disturbances 611
gluconate 256
phosphate 498
polystyrene sulfonate 619
Calorie control 499
Campylobacter 409, 410, 442
jejuni 473, 588
species 408
Canadian cardiovascular classification 44
Cancer 207
arthropathy 593
chemotherapy 481
Candesartan 460, 461
Candida 442
albicans 587
Capillary blood glucose 643
Captopril 16, 20, 27, 126
Carbachol 295
Carbamazepine 300, 450
Carbapenems 342, 353
Carbenicillin 346
Carbidopa 469
treatment 469
Carbimazole 659
Carbohydrates
decrease 642
diabetic restrict 94
Carbon dioxide, partial pressure of 305
Carbon monoxide 313
poisoning 140
Carbon tetrachloride 493, 517
Carboxylic acid 20
Carboxypenicillins 346
Carcinoid syndrome 304
Carcinoma 492
Cardene 17
Cardiac amyloidosis 680
Cardiac arrest 249, 465
causes 250
drug 255t
therapy 254
prevention of 249
Cardiac arrhythmia
malignant 298
suppression trial 150
Cardiac catheterization 171, 185
Cardiac deaths 251
preventing 11
Cardiac decompensation 129
Cardiac disease 630, 681
Cardiac disorders 250
Cardiac dysfunction 490
Cardiac erythrocytosis 557
Cardiac failure 660
Cardiac impulse, abnormal 262
Cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study 251
Cardiac medications 279
Cardiac muscle 275
Cardiac output, low 490
Cardiac protection 10
Cardiac regional tamponade 169
Cardiac risk 249
Cardiac sympathetic overstimulation 284
Cardiac syncope 278
diagnosis of 286
Cardiac tamponade 111, 112, 163, 167, 168, 251, 280, 490
diagnostic hallmarks 168
therapy 169
Cardiogenic shock 168, 249, 367
causes of 490
Cardioinhibitory response 288
Cardiomyopathy 18, 261
Cardiopulmonary failure 457
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation studies 252
Cardiovascular
deaths 226
disease 125, 207, 231, 643
events, prevention of 226
surgery 494
system 497, 620
Carditis 206
signs of 206
Cardizem 16, 61
Carotid artery, common 695
Carotid disease 134
Carotid endarterectomy 464
Carotid sinus
massage 134
syncope 280
Carotid upstroke, rapid 262
Carotidynia 576
Carpal tunnel syndrome 577
Carvedilol 119
Casts 492
Catapress 17
Cataracts 207, 226, 229
Catastrophic deterioration, managing 467
Catecholamine 38, 252
crisis 26
metabolic pathway 37fc
release 46
Catheterization data 172t
Cefamandole 348
Cefazolin 348
Cefixime 353
Cefonicid 349
Cefoperazone 350, 352
Cefotaxime 350353
Cefotetan 342, 348, 349
Cefoxitin 348
Ceftazidime 338, 347, 350, 351, 353, 481
Ceftizoxime 350353
Ceftriaxone 335, 347, 350353
Cefuroxime 329, 347349
axetil 328, 349
Cells 492
membranes 529
promote shift into 618
Central hypothyroidism 655
Central nervous system 10, 124, 360, 407, 497, 520, 592, 613, 614, 620
infections of 475
Central venous pressure 491
Centriacinar emphysema 310
Cephalosporins 342, 347, 350, 361, 481
first-generation 348
second-generation 348
third-generation 350, 352, 353
Cephalothin 348
Cephapirin 348
Cephradine 348
Cerebral abscess 483
Cerebral blood flow 278
Cerebral hemorrhage, risk of 544
Cerebral ischemia 30
Cerebral pyogenic abscess 483
diagnosis 483
treatment 484
Cerebrospinal fluid 476, 483
analysis 477t
Cerebrovascular
accident 631
disease 282
Certolizumab pegol 416
Cervical
arthritis 282
lymphadenopathy 330
Chagas disease 678, 684
distribution of 684f
echocardiography 685
investigations 685
therapy 685
Charcot joint 581
Chemosis 658
Chemotherapeutic agents 476
Chest
compressions, continuous 252
discomfort 185
illness, acute 311
infections 193
normal posteroanterior radiograph of 321f
tightness 311
trauma 167, 169
Chest pain 51, 65, 69, 163, 188, 200
atypical 47
Chest X-ray 106, 264, 272, 372
hallmarks 175, 189
Childhood cancer 550
Chlamydia 237, 321, 325, 329, 331, 333, 343, 344, 348, 356363, 588
pneumoniae 329, 331
species 320, 330, 334
Chloramphenicol 363, 481, 517
Chlorothiazide 18
Chlorpromazine 398
Chlorpropamide 613, 674
Chlortetracycline 359
Chlorthalidone 13, 18, 679
Cholecystitis 445, 486
acute 420
diagnosis 445, 486
surgery 487
treatment 445, 486
Choledocholithiasis 420, 421
Cholera 408
Cholesterol 223, 227, 230
absorption 102, 230
gallstones 420
Cholestyramine 121
Chondroitin sulfate 575
Chordae 196
Chordal rupture 201
Christmas disease 540
Churg-Strauss syndrome 379, 386, 388
Churg-Strauss vascular syndrome 564
Chylous ascites 433
causes of 433
Cilastatin 338, 353
plus 338
Cilazapril 20
Cimetidine 300, 407
Ciprofloxacin 360362, 441
Cirrhosis 378, 379, 430
causes of 430
Citric acid 514
Citrobacter 336, 348
freundii 350
species 350, 358
Clarithromycin 228, 328, 356, 357
Clavulanate 328, 338
Clindamycin 206, 246, 247, 343, 355, 364, 445, 450
Clonidine 17
Clostridium
difficile 405, 588
species 446, 487
Clots 492
Cloudy fluid 386
Cloxacillin 344
Coagulase-negative staphylococci 340
Coagulation, acquired inhibitors of 542
Cocaine 451, 683
Colestipol 121
Collagen vascular disease 379, 398
Collapsing bounding pulse, causes of 183t
Collapsing pulse, typical 182
Colonic cancer 415
Colorectal carcinoma 414
Coma 317, 447
differential diagnosis of 633, 634t
Community-acquired pneumonia 320
antibiotic therapy for 334fc
Complete blood count 1, 592
Computed tomography pulmonary
angiogram 373
angiography 371
Congestive heart failure 1, 55, 68, 119, 165, 174, 203, 251, 285, 293, 336, 378-380, 383, 432, 589, 657
risk for 630
signs of 129, 262
symptoms of 262
Conjunctivitis 658
Connective tissue
disease 169, 566, 603
mixed 603
disorders 595
mixed 564
Consciousness 447
loss of 288, 447
Consolidation, sharp inferior margination of 322f
Constipation 228, 438
Constrictive pericarditis 111, 112, 169, 170, 170t, 432
diagnostic hallmarks 170
investigations 171
therapy 172
Cor pulmonale
acute 367
signs of 312
Cordarone 157
Coronary angiography 65
Coronary artery 6567, 67fc, 215
anatomy 276
bypass grafting 62
disease 97, 210, 250, 635
severe 52
spasm 43, 253, 280
Coronary atheroma, result of 252
Coronary care unit 78
Coronary heart disease 1, 8, 102, 140, 211, 231, 263, 285, 633
Coronary insufficiency, acute 26
Coronary occlusion, acute 89
Coronary revascularization 230
Coronary syndrome, acute 210
Coronary thrombosis 65
Corrigan's pulse 182
Corticosteroid 165, 212, 289, 290, 300, 307, 315t, 623
high-dose 475
therapy 167, 481, 605
chronic 314
Costochondral joints 578
Costochondritis 578
Costophrenic sulcus, posterior 377
Cough 166, 188, 311
Coumarins 300
Coxiella 237
Craniospinal irradiation 552
C-reactive protein 206, 215, 695
Creatine kinase 228
Creatine phosphokinase, elevated 457
Creatinine 239, 489, 491
Creeping fat 416
Crescendo-decrescendo starts 262
Crest syndrome 382f
Critical care unit 457
Crohn's disease 415, 418, 564
clinical manifestations 416
complications 418
diagnosis 416
treatment 416
Crushing trauma 493
Cryoglobulinemia, mixed 564
Cryptococcal meningitis 481
diagnosis 482
treatment 482
Cryptococcus neoformans 481
Cryptosporidiosis 442
Crystal-induced arthropathies 565, 593
Crystalloids 491
Cushing's disease 667
Cushing's syndrome 666, 667, 675, 676
causes 667
clinical manifestations 667
treatment 667
Cutaneous allodynia 458
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus 405
Cutaneous scleroderma, diffuse 603
Cyanotic heart disease 484
Cyclobenzaprine 576
Cyclophosphamide 276
Cyclosporine 227, 228, 600
Cystic fibrosis 347
Cytogenetic abnormalities 551
Cytology 387
Cytomegalovirus 410, 441, 473, 547
infection 323f, 324f
Cytotoxic
chemotherapy 548
drugs 227
D
Dantrolene 379
Daunorubicin 276
de Quervain's syndrome 655
Decubitus, bilateral 377
Deficiency disorders 275
Dehydration 631
Dental extractions 247, 538
Denver shunt 434
Deoxygenation, abrupt severe 521
Deoxyribonucleic acid 526
Depression 360
Derivatives tetracycline hydrochloride 359
Dermatomyositis 493, 564, 605
Desacetyl cefotaxime 351
Desmopressin 674
Dexamethasone 165, 315, 661
Diabetes 508, 634t
acute complications of 628
causation of 207
chronic complications of 633
complications of 626
control of 648t
heart attacks 94
indication for type 2 645
screening test for 627t
stimulating hormone 664
type 2 625, 634
Diabetes mellitus 97, 212, 231, 465
management of 642
type 2 625
diagnosis 626
types 627
types of 627t
Diabetic cystopathy 641
Diabetic diarrhea 641
Diabetic foot ulcers 642
Diabetic glomerulosclerosis 496, 504
Diabetic ketoacidosis 628, 630t
causes 628
management 629
pathogenesis of 629fc
signs 628
symptoms 628
Diabetic sitosterolemia 69, 94
Diabetic way of eating 642
Diabinese 674
Diagnostic hallmarks 37, 105, 168
signs 105
symptoms 105
Dialysis, types of 500
Diaphoresis 633
Diaphragmatic fatigue, sign of 312
Diarrhea 228, 307, 357, 406, 410
acute 408
bloody 409
chewing gum 408
chronic 409
infectious 409
nocturnal 409
severe 405
warning 359
Diastolic
dysfunction 112, 273
hypertension 3
pressure 172
stiffness, ventricular 112
Diazepam 454
Diazoxide 27
Dibenzyline 38
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane 517
Dicloxacillin 344
Dietary
cholesterol 216
management 216
modification 216
protein, excess 438
restriction 95
Digitalis 160, 286
intoxication
signs of 123
symptoms of 123
toxicity 134
Digoxin 119t, 120, 139, 140, 267, 273, 285
interactions 123b
Digoxin toxicity 123, 124
major manifestations of 124t
management of 125
Dihydropyridine 60
calcium 46, 660
Dihydroxyphenylalanine 516
Dilated cardiomyopathy 271
clinical hallmarks 271
diagnosis of 271
echocardiography 272
therapy 272
Diltiazem 16, 23, 35, 36, 61, 141, 285, 286, 300
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 638
Dipyridamole 52, 297
thallium scintigraphy 52
Dirithromycin 356
Disaccharides 400, 401
Disease groups, six major 564t
Disodium etidronate dosage 623
Disopyramide 134, 151, 153155, 159, 267
Distal joints, palpation of 584
Diuretics 13, 18, 59, 116, 267
Divalproex sodium 461
Diverticular disease 419
clinical manifestations 419
treatment 419
Diverticulitis 419
Dizziness 146, 199, 281fc, 361
causes of 462
Dizziness vertigo 461
diagnosis 461
pathophysiology 461
therapy 462
Dopamine 469
agonists 469
Dopaminergic drugs, alternative 469
Dopaquinone 516
Doppler echocardiography 171
two-dimensional 240
Doppler peak systolic pressure 175
Downs’ syndrome 655
Doxazosin 9
Doxorubicin 276
Doxycycline 335, 359, 360
Dressler's syndrome 166
Drug
abuse 341
exposure 508
nephrotoxicity 492
resistant organisms 314
therapy 40, 221
previous 1
Drug-combination choice 115
Drug-related seizures 450
diagnosis 450
pathophysiology 451
therapy 451
Duodenal ulcer
active 405
disease 404
Dysautonomia 456
Dysgammaglobulinemia 212
Dyslipidemia 207
causes of primary 211
primary 210
secondary 212
Dyspnea 166, 187, 311
progressive 188
severe 383
signs of 263
symptoms 263
Dystonia 462
E
Earache 330
Early life-threatening arrhythmias, control of 81
Eaton-Lambert syndrome 470
Ebstein's anomaly 145
Ecchymoses 666
Echocardiography 109, 240t, 276, 374
ejection fraction 129
Eclampsia 26
Edema 301
Edrophonium 280
Effusion, malignant 386
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 199, 678, 686
Ejection fraction 133t, 272
Electrical disease, primary 253
Electrocardiogram 1, 498
abnormalities, stages of 163
superior quality 700
Electrocardiography 109, 266, 276
findings 264
Electrode placements 700
Electromechanical dissociation 257
management of 258
Electron microscopy 507
Electrophysiologic study 287
Embden-Meyerhof pathway 516
Embolism, acute 490
Emergency medical services 252
Emesis 359
Empagliflozin 639
Emphysema 296, 310, 311
predominant 313
signs of 318
Empiric antibiotic therapy 435
Empiric therapy 241, 333, 338
Empyema 324f
Enalapril 16, 20, 126
Encainide 151, 153, 155
Encephalitis 476
Encephalopathy 456
End diastolic dimensions 272
Endocarditis 181, 484
acute 238, 242
infective 237, 240, 242
diagnosis of 237
division of 237
echocardiography 240
investigations 238
physical signs 238
therapy 241
prophylaxis 241, 244, 247b
right-sided acute 239
Endocrine
disorders 652
function 498
system, abnormalities of 431
Endogenous prostaglandins 407
Endomyocardial biopsy 272, 275
Endomyocardial fibrosis 171, 275
Endomyocardial level 273
Endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy 378
Endotracheal intubation 308, 317
End-systolic pressure 113
Enflurane 493
Enoxacin 360
Entamoeba histolytica 445
Enteritis 410
Enterobacter 344, 345, 348, 358, 486
cloacae 350, 364
species 336, 338, 339, 345, 350, 356
Enterobacteriaceae 320, 352, 357, 362
Enterococcus 357, 446, 478, 486
faecalis 351
faecium 351, 353
species 343
Enteropathic arthritis 590
Enzyme plasma lipoprotein lipase 232
Eosinophilia 495
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis 432
Eosinophilic syndromes 274
Epigastric distress 357
Epilepsy 449
diagnosis 449
pathophysiology 450
therapy 450
Epinephrine 254, 255, 315
indications 254
salutary effects of 254
Episcleritis 596b
Epistaxis 538
Epithelial injury 492
Epstein-Barr virus 473
Erosions 207
Erythema 232
nodosum 588
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, high 695
Erythroleukemia 549
Erythromycin 133, 206, 227, 228, 246, 300, 333, 335, 356358
estolate 357
gluceptate 357
lactobionate 357
sensitive strains 358
stearate 247, 357
Erythropoietin 518
levels 556
Escherichia coli 321, 338, 339, 344, 348-351, 358, 408, 409, 435, 445, 480, 486
strains 408
Esmolol 138
Esophageal
disease 341, 350
perforation 378, 386, 397
rupture 388
varices 431
Esophagus 404
Estrogens 212, 300
Ethambutol 167, 441, 481
Ethanol withdrawal 451
Ethosuximide 450
Ethylene glycol 493
Eubacterium lentum 121
Euro-alcohol septal ablation 271
Euthyroid sick syndrome 654
Evans syndrome 544
Exacerbations, acute 315
Exercise 643
stress testing 47
Exocrine insufficiency 423
Exogenous thyroid hormone ingestion 657
Exogenous toxins 493
Exophthalmos 658
Extracorporeal biliary lithotripsy 421
Extrapyramidal reactions 462
Exudative pleural effusions 378, 382, 385
Eyelids 211
Ezetimibe 53, 100, 101, 209, 230, 232, 637, 646
F
Fabry's disease 275
Fallot's tetralogy 237, 280
Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia 654
Familial hypercholesterolemia 211
Familial mediterranean fever 379
Familiar erythrocytosis 520
Famotidine 300, 407
Fastidious organisms 239
Fasting glucose 626
Fasting plasma glucose 626
Fasting venous plasma glucose 626
Fat and cholesterol content of foods
saturated 217t, 219t
unsaturated 219t
Febrile encephalopathy, acute 479
Febrile seizures 452
causes of simple 452
complex 452, 453
diagnosis 452
pathophysiology 452
simple 453
therapy 453
Felcainide 153
Felodipine 17
Felty's syndrome 564, 601
Fenofibrate 232
Fermentable oligosaccharides 400, 401
Ferritin 513
Ferrous sulfate 514
Fibrates 227229, 232
Fibrinogen levels 227
Fibromyalgia 575, 580
Fibrosing alveolitis 106
Fine-needle aspiration 662
Fistulae 418
Flatulence 228
Flecainide 151, 154, 155
Floxin 362
Flucloxacillin 242
Fluconazole 637
Fluid, redistribution of 490
Flunisolide 306
Fluorescent antibody, direct 331
Fluoroquinolones 328, 360
Flurithromycin 356
Focal neuropathies 641
Focal oligemia 372
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 504
Folate deficiency 544
Folic acid 376
deficiency 528
intermediates 528
Fontan procedure 378, 385
Food and Drug Administration 360
Foods with comparative sodium content, list of 2t
Foods with lower sitosterol levels 637, 646
Foot care 642
Formiminoglutamic acid 528
Fosinopril 16, 20
Fossa ovale 203
Free thyroxine index 652
Fungal infections 378
Fungal peritonitis 432
Fungal precipitins 239
Fungi 237, 325
Furosemide 18, 27, 35, 116, 623
Fusobacterium nucleatum 340, 341
G
Gallbladder
disease 233
mucosa 442
Gallium nitrate 624
Gallop sounds 262
Gallstones 232, 420
diagnosis 420
epidemiology 420
pancreatitis 420
treatment 420
Gamma interferon 600
Gamma-glutamyl transferase 273
Ganglion blockers 282
Gastric acid secretion 298
Gastric symptoms 165
Gastric ulcer 403
Gastrin production 529
Gastrinoma 404, 406
Gastritis, erosive 426
Gastrointestinal absorption 292
Gastrointestinal bleeding 424, 438
lower 428
upper 426
Gastrointestinal diseases 378, 379, 400
Gastrointestinal disturbances 19, 232
Gastrointestinal loss 611, 615
promote 619
Gastrointestinal procedures 246t, 248
Gastrointestinal symptoms 329
Gastrointestinal system 497
Gastrointestinal tract 396
Gastroparesis 641
Generation cephalosporins 487
Genetic counseling 522
Genetic disease 98, 635
Genetic intestinal defect 97
Genitourinary
instrumentation 248
procedures 246t
surgery 248
Gentamicin 245, 246, 355, 356, 445, 481, 487, 493, 547
Geriatric endocarditis 242
Giant cell arteritis 182, 564, 595, 609
Giardia 410
lamblia 409
Giardiasis 409
Glasgow coma scale 447
Gliclazide 637, 645
modified release 645
Glioblastomas 476
Glipizide 645
Glomerular basement membrane 503, 505
Glomerular disease 489, 496, 501
prognosis 508
treatment 508
types of 501
Glomerular filtration rate 489
Glomerular hyperfiltration 500
Glomerular injury, characteristics of 505t
Glomerulonephritis, types of mixed 502t
Glomerulopathy, minimal change 504
Glucocorticoid 413, 417, 622, 657
replacement, maintenance of 666
therapy 665
Glucose 386
insulin infusion 494
low 476
suppression test 671
tolerance, impaired 628
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 513, 516
Glyburide 645
Glycated hemoglobin 644, 648
Glycemia reduction 638
Glycogen storage disorders 212
Glycolytic enzymopathy 516
Goblet cells 309
Gonadal hormonal function 518
Goodpasture syndrome 508
Gout 582
Gouty arthritis attacks 585
Graft-versus-host disease 518
Gram's stain 334, 337, 341, 388
Gram-negative
bacillary infections 350
bacilli 320, 478
organisms 354
Gram-positive
bacilli 352
bacteria 350
organisms 354
Granulocyte 529
colony-stimulating factor 518
macrophage 518
Granulocytopenia 517
Granulomatous colitis 564
Graves’ disease 654, 657, 658, 660
management of 658
Growth hormone 664
Guanabenz 17
Guillain-Barré syndrome 472, 473
H
Haemophilus influenzae 240, 320, 321, 325-328, 333335, 344346, 348-350, 352, 356362, 473, 478, 480, 515, 521
pneumonia 328
therapy 328
Haemophilus parainfluenzae 350
Haemophilus species 350
Hairy cell leukemia 555
Hampton's hump 372
Hashimoto's thyroiditis 654
Headache 233, 329, 361, 556
Head-up tilt testing 288
Heart 602
atonic 257
block, complete 251
border, blurring of right 322f
muscle disease 111, 261, 275
rate 46
valves 515
weight 203
Heart disease 50f, 74f
acquired 205
congenital 237
history of 307
hypertensive 112
Heart failure 7fc, 57t, 66t, 105, 108, 110, 115, 120, 268t
causes 110
management of 105
pathophysiology 111
precipitating factors 111
therapy 114
Heart sound
fourth 263
third 171, 263
Heavy chain disease 562
Helicobacter pylori 402, 403
Hemagglutination 523
Hemarthrosis 581
Hematologic disease 602
Hematologic disorders 511
Hematomas 538
Hematuria 501, 544
Hemochromatosis 274, 678, 686
complications of 687f
diagnosis 687
therapy 688
Hemodialysis shunts 336
Hemodynamic status 129
Hemoglobin 46, 498
Hemoglobinuria 493, 516, 524
causes of 493b
Hemoglobinuric losses 516
Hemolysis, complement-mediated 524
Hemolytic
anemia 493, 544
uremic syndrome 492, 506, 540, 541
Hemophilia 534, 537
A 534, 536
B 540
Hemophiliac, treatment of 537
Hemoptysis 188
Hemorrhage 490
canoe-shaped 238
intracerebellar 468
intracranial 535
caution of 83
subarachnoid 26
Hemorrhagic strokes 465
Hemostasis 431
disorders of 530
Hemostatic balance, natural 542
Hemothorax 382, 386, 388
Heparin 375
Hepatic dysfunction 228, 232
Hepatic encephalopathy 431, 437
causes of 438t
pathogenesis 437
stages of 439t
treatment 438
Hepatic failure 540
Hepatic hydrothorax 383
Hepatic necrosis, acute 32
Hepatic vein 171
Hepatitis 232
B 439
bacterial agents 517
C 440
new drug 440
chronic active 654
Hepatobiliary
iminodiacetic acid 443
manifestations of 439
Hepatocellular carcinoma, primary 431
Hepatojugular reflux 312
Hepatorenal syndrome 431, 433, 435, 436
diagnosis 436
management 436
Hereditary disorders 496
Hereditary elliptocytosis 515
Hereditary enzyme defects 493
Hereditary spherocytosis 515
Hernia, diaphragmatic 378
Hexose monophosphate pathway 516
Hickman catheters 336
Hip
bursitis of 579
osteoarthritis of 574
Hirsutism 675
causes 675
investigations 675
Histamine 295, 529
H2 receptor antagonists 407
Hoarseness 188
Holosystolic murmur 246
Holter monitor 149f, 267, 278
Homozygous
disease 525
thalassemia 526
Hoover's sign 312
Hospital-acquired pneumonias 361
Human immunodeficiency virus 275, 410, 545, 594
Human leukocyte antigen 518
Hydralazine 27, 30, 31, 33, 34, 36, 398
intravenous infusion 25
Hydraulic stress, reduces 65
Hydrochlorothiazide 14, 18, 462, 509
Hydroflumethiazide 18
Hydrogen atoms 516
Hydrogen potassium ATPase inhibitors 405
Hydrolyze cephalosporins 350
Hydronephrosis 492
Hydrophilic agents 89, 227
Hydroxy-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors 222
Hydroxyurea treatment 521
Hyperaldosteronism, primary 39, 668
Hyperbilirubinemia 436
Hypercalcemia 421, 559, 619
acute management of 620, 621fc
causes 619
chronic management 623
management of 622t
reduction of 560
symptoms and signs 620
Hypercapnia 313
absence of 317
signs of 312
worsening 317
Hypercholesterolemia 208, 465, 501
Hyperglycemia 97, 314, 500, 611, 631
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma 631
management 632
Hyperkalemia 119, 258, 494, 616, 617fc
causes 616
electrocardiographic signs of 618f
manifestations 617
treatment 617
Hyperlipemia 421
Hyperlipidemia 225
familial combined 212
moderate 224
primary combined 212
severe 211, 611
Hyperlipoproteinemia 211
Hypermobility syndrome 575, 579, 580
Hyperosmolar state, pathogenesis of 632fc
Hyperperfusion 498
Hyperplasia, smooth muscle 309
Hyperprolactinemia 669
women with 670
Hyperproteinemia 611
Hypersitosterolemia 628
Hypertension 1, 25, 140, 182, 225, 465, 489, 500
accelerated 24
malignant 26
in elderly 23
in pregnancy 31
malignant 24
mild-to-moderate 4fc, 6fc
moderate 224
primary 1
drug therapy 3
nondrug therapy 1
secondary 25, 35
severe 25
treatment of 15
Hypertensive crisis 25, 34
Hypertensive emergency 25
treatment of 27t
types of 26
Hypertensive encephalopathy 26
Hypertensive urgencies 25
Hyperthermia 453, 456, 493
Hyperthyroidism 657
causes 657
differential diagnosis of 653
symptoms 657
Hypertriglyceridemia
primary 212
treatment of 233
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 251, 261, 263, 267t, 280, 282, 286
clinical hallmarks of 262, 263t
echocardiography 266
findings 264
hallmarks of 266b
mild 265f
pathophysiology 261
therapy 267
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy 593
Hypertrophy 49f
Hypoalbuminemia 233, 408, 501
Hypocapnia 372
Hypochromia 526
Hypoglycemia 282, 633, 637, 657
management 633
unawareness 643
Hypoglycemic medications 643
Hypokalemia 14, 119, 252, 611, 615
causes 615
hypomagnesemia, severe 159
treatment 616
Hypomagnesemia 119
Hyponatremia 611, 657
acute 614
causes 611
of true 612fc
clinical manifestations 613
to sodium loss 613
treatment 613
with seizures, severe 614
Hypotension 137, 164, 288
mild 134
postural 282, 284
Hypothermia 493, 656
Hypothyroidism 159, 212, 654
causes of 654
primary 655
clinical manifestations 655
diagnosis 656
treatment 656
Hypoventilation 282
Hypovolemia 258
Hypovolemic shock 424
Hypoxemia 119, 139, 282, 313, 317, 372
I
Ibuprofen 165, 166
Idiopathic endocardial fibrosis 274
Idiopathic hirsutism 676
management 676
Idiopathic pericarditis 164
Imipenem 338, 342, 353, 354
Immune
dysfunction 554
mediated hemolytic anemia 517
neutropenias 546
purpuras 545
thrombocytopenic purpura 544
Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy 379
Immunofluorescence microscopy 507
Immunoglobulin G disorders 524
Immunohemolytic anemia 522
classification of 523
Immunohemolytic diseases 522
Immunosuppressive
agents 212
drugs 228
Impotence 232, 641
Indapamide 14, 18, 509
Indomethacin 165, 166
Infarction
sites, location of 76
size of 76
Infection 438, 441, 493, 508
induced marrow hypoplasia 516
multitude of 443
purulent 167
Infectious agents 274
Infectious disease 275, 378
Infectious tubulointerstitial nephritis, acute 495
Inferolateral infarction, acute 73f
Inflammation 493
Inflammatory bowel disease 400, 411, 587
risk of 638
Inflammatory disease 578
Inflammatory disorders 215
Inflammatory mediators 295
Inflammatory monoarthritis 582
Inflammatory nonseptic arthritis 588
Inflammatory rheumatic diseases 563
Infliximab 416
Influenza 320
A virus 473
vaccine 300
Inhaled corticosteroids 306t
Inherited coagulation defects 534, 536
Inherited disorders 517
Inorganic poisons 517
Insecticides 517
Insulin 618, 631, 648, 649
glucose infusion for surgery 649t
Interacting drugs 637
Interferon 300
Interferon-α, thalidomide 655
Interlobar fissure 107
Intermittent porphyria, acute 527, 654
International normalized ratio 270, 534
Interphalangeal joints, proximal 573
Interstitial pulmonary edema 106, 107f
Interventional therapy 82
Intestinal disease, mild-to-moderate 409
Intestinal obstruction 418
Intestinal shunt 587
Intestine 620
Intracranial vasculitis 465
Intractable itching 497
Intraduodenal segment 443
Intraluminal digestion, impaired 410
Intramuscular iron 514
Intrapleural streptokinase 395
Intratubular pressure 492
Intravascular devices 336
Intravascular ultrasound 209
Intravascular volume, maintenance of 494
Intravenous
immunoglobulin 545
theophylline 299t
Iodide 661
Iodine 655
Ionizing radiation 517
Ipilimumab 655
Ipratropium 296
Ipratropium bromide 294, 296, 315
effect of 296
Iritis 585
Iron
absorption 514
deficiency 511, 513
insoluble 514
Irritable bowel syndrome 400, 580
Ischemia 110, 134, 252, 468
changes 51
risk of 10
Ischemic cardiomyopathy 229
Ischemic disease 51
Ischemic heart disease 194, 286, 293
diagnosis of 272
history of 252
severe 280
Isoniazid 167, 300, 398
Isoproterenol 300
Isoptin 17
Isospora belli 410
Isotonic saline 491
Isradipine 17
Ixekizumab 584
J
Joint
aspiration and injection, principles for 571b
motion, range of 574
pain, symmetrical 580
protection guide 572b
swelling, sensation of 579
Jugular venous
distension 312
elevated 70
pressure 164, 258, 271
Juvenile arthritis 564
Juvenile monoarthritis 585
treatment 585
Juvenile spondyloarthropathy 586
treatment 586
K
K depletion
mild 616
moderate 616
Kaposi's sarcoma 410, 441
Kawasaki syndrome 678, 693
diagnosis 693
therapy 694
Kawasaki's disease 564
Kayexalate 619
Kerley B lines 107f
Kernig's sign 476
Ketoconazole 133
Ketosis 631
Kidney 489, 620
disease 602
chronic 110, 495
end-stage 489
function 495
injury, progressive acute 510
size 498
Klebsiella 321, 325, 336, 338, 344, 349, 351, 352, 358, 486
aerogenes 350
oxytoca 350
pneumoniae 339, 344, 345, 348, 349, 350
species 346, 350, 352
Knee
bursitis of 579
osteoarthritis of 574
Kussmaul's sign 168
L
Labetalol 17, 2628, 30, 32, 33
Lactate dehydrogenase 383, 386, 443
Lactobacillus
casei systems 528
plantarum 402
Lansoprazole 405
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy 420
Left atrial
beat 263
enlargement 189
myxoma 110
Left bundle branch block 51, 145, 287
Left ventricular
dysfunction 129, 136
moderate 105
severe 105
ejection fraction 229
end-diastolic pressure 172
failure 168, 175
hypertrophy 109, 145, 175, 282, 465, 498
thrust 263
Leg cramps 497
Legionella 320, 330, 334, 357, 361, 362
infections 360
pneumoniae 332
species 321, 326, 332, 333, 343, 348, 356359, 361, 363
Lethal arrhythmias 68, 150, 157
Lethal ventricular arrhythmias 158
Leuconostoc citrovorum 528
Leukemia 476, 548, 549, 560
late-occurring 517
Leukocytes 489, 546
Leukocytosis 524, 547
Leukopenia 546
Leukotriene receptor antagonists 305
Levamisole 600
Leveen shunt 434
Levofloxacin 360
Levothyroxine monotherapy 656
Libman-Sacks valvulitis 602
Lidocaine 81, 92, 152, 155, 160, 255, 256
dosage 84t
Light microscopy 507
Lignocaine 81, 155, 255, 256
dosage 84t
Limb electrodes 701
Lipid-lowering trial 224
Lipodystrophy 212
Lipophilic agents 227
Lipoprotein
cholesterol, high-density 214
high-density 518
Liquid and oral preparations 616
Lisinopril 20
Listeria monocytogenes 478, 480
Lisuride 469
Lithium 300, 655
Liver 216, 230
cirrhosis of 432
function 232
Liver abscess 444, 485
diagnosis 444, 485
Liver disease 430, 654
chronic 212
complications of 431b
severe end-stage 435
Lomefloxacin 360
Lorazepam 454
Lorcainide 155
Loriaux 667
Losartan 116
Lovastatin 227
Low-density lipoprotein 208, 209, 216
cholesterol 1, 97, 207, 208, 213, 213t, 228, 625
blood testing centers 209, 221
Lower lobe vessels, constriction of 106
Lugol's solution 661
Lung
infection 108
interstitial spaces of 377
scan 374
non-diagnostic 371
trapped 379
ultrasound 108
Lupus anticoagulant 376
Lupus erythematosus 379, 398, 564
Lupus nephritis 507
Lupus pleuritis 398
Luteinizing hormone 664
Lyme carditis 678, 688
diagnosis 688
therapy 689
Lyme disease 594
diagnosis 594
treatment of 594
Lymphangitic carcinomatosis 105, 108
Lymphatic leukemia, acute 550
Lymphoblastic leukemia, acute 549551
Lymphocytic leukemia, chronic 553, 554
Lymphoma 410, 476, 481, 655
Lymphoplasmacytoid cells 561, 562
Lyonization hypothesis 535
M
Macrocytic anemia 527
Macroglobulinemia 561
Macrolides 356
penetrate 356
Macroprolactinoma, women with 670
Macrovascular disease 633
Maculopapular rash, diffuse 330
Magnesium sulfate 34, 160, 257
Malabsorption syndromes 121, 410
chronic 540
diagnosis 411
pathophysiologic mechanisms 410
Malabsorptive disorders 528
Mallory-Weiss tear 426, 428
Mammary artery, internal 178
Mannitol 401
Marfan's syndrome 10, 184, 199, 678, 690
diagnostic symptoms 690
signs 690
treatment 691
Marrow aplasia 517
Mask pulsus paradoxus 164
Massive pulmonary embolism 168, 373f
Mastocytosis 285
Mastoiditis 483
Match-unrelated donors 518
McConnell's sign 374
Mechanical obstruction, acute 251
Mechanical ventilation 308, 317, 347
Mediastinal irradiation 169
Mediterranean linolenic acid-rich diet 221
Mediterranean population 516
Megakaryocytes 527
Megaloblastic anemia 527
Meigs’ syndrome 379, 432
Membrane disorders 514
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis 503, 506
Membranous glomerulopathy 504
Meniere's syndrome 462
Meningeal inflammation 476
Meningeal leukemia 552
Meningismus 476
Meningococcal meningitidis 478
Menorrhagia 538, 539
Meropenem 354
Mesalamine 413, 417
Mesangial cells 507
Mesothelioma 378, 379
Metabolic bone disease 497
Metabolic disorders 516
Metamucil 121
Metastatic disease 378
Metastatic nodules 381f
Metastatic peritoneal carcinomatosis 432
Metered-dose inhaler 291
Metformin 643645
Methacholine 295
Methacholine 529
Methadone 683
Methaqualone 451
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus 340
epidermidis 353
Methicillin-sensitive strains 243
Methimazole 661
Methionine-methyl synthesis 529
Methonitrate salts 294
Methotrexate 552
Methoxyflurane 493
Methyl tert-butyl 421
Methylclothiazide 18
Methyldopa 17, 27, 31, 34
Methylprednisolone 315
Methylxanthine 138, 296, 307, 315
therapy 307
Methysergide 379, 399
Meticulous fluid 494
Metoclopramide 121
Metolazone 18, 118
Metoprolol 4, 10, 11, 17, 119, 139, 255
Metronidazole 342, 409, 481, 485
Metyrosine 39
Mexiletine 153156, 300
Mexitil 156
Mezlocillin 342, 347, 481
Miconazole 637
Microcytic anemia 513t
causes of 511
Microcytic hypochromic anemia 511, 526
Microprolactinoma, women with 670
Midodrine 285
Migraine 458, 461
acute 459
attack 458
chronic 460
diagnosis 458
exacerbate 458
headache 580
pathophysiology 458
therapy 459
treatment of 461
Miller-fisher variant 472
Milwaukee shoulder and knee 585
Mineralocorticoid therapy 665
Minocycline 359, 600
Miscellaneous disorders 678
Mithramycin 622, 623
Mitral annular calcification 203
Mitral balloon valvuloplasty 195
complications of 195t
Mitral commissurotomy 195
Mitral leaflet
anterior 203
posterior 203
Mitral regurgitation 190, 196, 246, 262
acute 197
causes of 197fc
chronic 197
surgical treatment 197
Mitral ring, normal 198
Mitral stenosis 108, 187, 189, 198
diagnosis 187
echocardiographic assessment for 189, 191f
electrocardiographic hallmarks 189
interventional management 194
medical therapy 193
mild 187, 193, 194
moderate 193
physical signs 188
severe 187, 193, 196
Mitral systolic murmur 263
Mitral valve
area 196
orifice area, excellent quantification of 192f
replacement 196
surgery 270
Mitral valve prolapse 198, 199, 202t, 203, 280
causes 199
complications 201
prophylaxis for 246
signs 200
symptoms 199
therapy 204
Mitral vein 171
Monoarticular arthritis 565t, 581, 585
Monobactams 354
Monoclonal antibodies 600, 655
Monoclonal gammopathy 212, 559, 561
Monosaccharides 400
Moraxella catarrhalis 320, 325, 328, 335, 344, 349, 350, 355, 356, 357, 358, 360, 361
therapy 329
Morganella 336, 345, 346
morganii 350
Moricizine 155
Morphine 80
Motor response 447
Mouth ulcers 19
Moxalactam 351
Mucosal absorption 411
Mucosal inflammation 313, 412
Mucous gland
enlargement 309
hypertrophy 310
Mucous secretion 309
Murmur 238
Muscarinic antagonist, long-acting 289, 290
Muscarinic receptors 295
Muscle tremors 293
Muscular ischemia 493
Muscular overexertion 493
Musculoskeletal pain 369
Myalgia 228, 329
Myasthenia gravis 470
diagnosis 470
pathophysiology 471
therapy 471
Mycobacteria 325
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare 441, 587
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 166, 410, 441
Mycoplasma 321, 325, 330, 334, 343, 348, 356, 358, 359, 362, 363, 655
legionella 358
pneumoniae 320, 326, 329331, 333, 335, 344, 473
therapy 331
species 325, 335, 357, 360
Myelitis, transverse 602
Myelofibrosis 558
Myelogenous leukemia, chronic 552
Myeloid leukemia
acute 541, 548, 549
management of acute 550
Myeloma 558, 559, 562
assessment 560
clinical presentation 559
management strategy 560
multiple 493
prognosis 560
treatment 560
Myelomatosis 559
Myeloproliferative disorders 548, 555
Myeloproliferative syndromes 558
Myocardial contractility 113
Myocardial damage 111
Myocardial infarction 67fc, 79t, 97, 163, 207, 225, 251, 280, 490, 556, 625
acute 65, 73, 90, 108, 119, 463
inferior 71f, 72f
inferior 144f, 145, 145f
Myocardial involvement 275
Myocardial ischemia 30, 44
syndromes 138
Myocardial necrosis 68
Myocardial rupture 251
Myocarditis, hypersensitivity 276
Myocardium 45, 90, 157
Myofascial chest wall pain syndrome 578
Myofascial low back pain 578
Myofascial pain 563
syndromes 575
Myoglobinuria 457, 494
causes of 493b
Myopathy 232
Myositis 207, 233
Myxedema 378, 385
ascites 432
coma 656
management 656
Myxomatous degeneration 182
N
Nadolol 17, 58, 691
Nafcillin 242, 481
Nail fold lesion 596f
Naproxen 166
Narcotic analgesics 422
Nasal cannula 316
flow rate 317
Nasal polyps 302
Nasogastric aspirate 425
Nausea 228, 233, 359, 660
Nebivolol 679
Necrotic renal papilla 492
Necrotic tissue 90
Necrotizing vasculitis 606
differential diagnosis 609
pathogenesis 606
treatment 609
workup 606
Needle biopsy 389
Neisseria 350, 362
catarrhalis 328
gonorrhoeae 588
meningitidis 343, 480
species 358, 360
Neomycin 121
Neoplasm 325, 508
Neoplastic diseases 378
Neoplastic involvement 167
Neoplastic lesions 441
Neoplastic pericarditis 167
Nephritic syndrome 501
Nephritis 507
Nephrogenic ascites 432
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, treatment of 675
Nephron population decreases 496
Nephropathy 640
Nephrotic syndrome 212, 233, 378, 384, 501
Nephrotoxic acute tubular necrosis 493b
Nephrotoxicity 355
Nerve entrapment disorders 563
Neuroendocrine tumors 408
Neurogenic bladder 641
Neurogenic diabetes insipidus, chronic treatment of 674
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome 456
diagnosis 456
pathophysiology 457
therapy 457
Neurologic disorders 447
Neurologic dysfunction 19
Neuropathy 641, 643
Neurosurgery 476
Neutropenia 19
severe 547
Neutropenic fever 547
prevention of 547
New biological drugs 417
New Drug Class and New Therapies 230
New York Heart Association 114
functional class 115
Niacin 228, 233
use of 233
Nicardipine 17
Nicorette 300
Nicotinic acid 227, 229
Nifedipine 8, 16, 23, 27, 30, 31, 35, 39, 61, 282
Nitrates 58
high-dose 59
Nitrendipine 17, 23
Nitric oxide 433
Nitrofurantoin 379
Nitroglycerin 27, 31, 59, 91, 94
Nitroprusside 26, 27, 29, 31, 38
infusion pump chart 29t
Nivolumab 655
Nodal osteoarthritis 573
differential diagnosis 574
initial treatment 574
pathogenesis 574
Nonarticular disorders 566
Nonarticular rheumatic
disorders 575, 576
pain disorders 563
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, causes of 105
Nondrug therapy 1
Nonfatal stroke 230
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 441
Noninfiltrative eye signs 658
Noninflammatory monoarthritis 581
Nonproliferative glomerular disorders, characteristics of 504t
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 106, 436, 460, 491, 494, 570, 592
Norfloxacin 360
Normocytic normochromic anemias 514
Normodyne 17
Norovirus 408
Nosocomial acquisition 332
Nosocomial pneumonia 335, 336, 339t
diagnosis 336
microbiology 335
pathogenesis 335
therapy of 337, 347
N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide 110
Nuclear cholescintigraphy 420
Nucleated red cells 512
Nutrition 414, 418
O
Obesity 110, 212
Obstructive airway disease 293, 294, 296, 311
Obstructive cardiomyopathy 47, 143
Obstructive jaundice 212
Obstructive lesion 44
Obstructive pulmonary disease 296
chronic 12, 52, 106, 258, 289, 292, 309, 326, 367
severe chronic 168
Ofloxacin 360, 362
Oliguria 490, 492
Olmesartan 116
Olsalazine 413
Omeprazole 405, 406
Ominous disease 578
Ondansetron 402
Ophthalmoplegia 658
Oral
anticoagulants 375
Oral anti-inflammatory treatment 585
Oral ciprofloxacin 361
Oral contraceptives 300
Oral dissolution therapy 420
Oral hypoglycemic agents 643, 649
Oral therapy, chronic 156
Oropharynx 238
Orthodromic arrhythmia, common 146
Orthodromic tachycardia 146
Orthopnea 188
occasionally 166
Orthostatic hypotension 284, 641
Osteoarthritis 573, 581
Osteogenesis imperfecta 182, 199
Osteomyelitis 362, 578
Osteonecrosis 581
Osteoporosis 314
Otitis 484
Ototoxicity 355
Overnight dexamethasone suppression test 676
Oxacillin 481
Oxidant-induced membrane stress 516
Oxidase inhibitors 293
Oxygen 82
conservation devices 317
masks 316
partial pressure of 305
therapy 316
Oxytetracycline 359
P
Pacemaker syndrome 280
Paget's disease 582, 587
Pain
abdominal 233, 660
management of 165, 574
Painless thyroiditis 662
Palla's sign 372
Palpate joint synovium 595
Palpitations 200, 293
Pamidronate 624
Panacinar emphysema 310
Pancreatic ascites 432, 433
Pancreatic cancer 476
Pancreatic pleural effusion, chronic 378, 397
Pancreatitis 212, 232, 396, 421, 490
acute 216, 378, 421
chronic 423
Pancuronium 300
Pancytopenia, severe 519
Panic disorders 200
Pantoprazole 405
Papilla 492
Papillary muscle 196
dysfunction 271
Papillary stenosis 442, 443
Paracentesis, large-volume 434
Paragonimiasis 386
Parainfluenza 320
Paraneoplastic syndromes 593
Parapneumonic effusion 386, 393
complicated 393, 394
Paraproteinemia 558, 561, 562
Parasitic infections 378, 409
Parathyroid hormone 497
Paravertebral soft-tissue swelling 380f
Parenteral thiamine administration 456
Paresthesia 580
Parietal cell 406
Parietal pleura 377
Parkinson's disease 468
diagnosis 468
pathophysiology 469
therapy 469
Paromomycin 409
Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia 139
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 270
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
management of 136t
termination of 121
Parvovirus
B19 infection 594
infections 593
Patent ductus 237
Patent foramen ovale 203
Pedal edema 312
Pefloxacin 360
Peliosis hepatis 441
Pelvic and vaginal ultrasound 676
Penbutolol 17
Penicillin 206, 242, 245, 289, 327, 342, 356, 361, 589
binding proteins 342
G 343, 344, 347, 481
replace 246
susceptible organisms 343
susceptible viridans group 242
Pentamidine 159, 421
Peptic ulcer 402, 426
chronic 404
Peptic ulcer disease 402404
complications 404
diagnosis 403
diagnostic investigations 404
etiology 402
therapy 404
Percutaneous coronary intervention 68, 82, 231, 259
Perfusion 374
Pergolide mesylate 469
Perianal disease 418
Pericardial adherence 171
Pericardial disease 379
Pericardial fat 321f
Pericardial fluid 166
Pericardial resection 167
Pericardial tamponade 369
Pericardial tissue 166
Pericardiocentesis 167
Pericarditis 163, 164, 164t, 166, 206, 589
acute 74, 74f, 75, 165f, 166
causes of 163, 164fc
nonspecific 166, 167
purulent 166
Perindopril 16
Periodontal disease 341
Perioperative hypertension 26
Periorbital edema 658
Peripheral artery disease 642
Peripheral blood
film 519
morphology 512t
Peripheral systolic pressure 113
Peripheral vascular disease 52, 95, 213, 556, 626
Peripheral vasodilation 490
Peripheral vein, dosage using 135
Periprocedural stroke, lower 181
Perisplenitis 557
Peritoneal dialysis 378, 384
Peritoneal mesothelioma 432
Peritoneovenous shunts 434
Peritonitis 490, 500
Periumbilical pain 410
Perplexing disorder, common 400
Persantine nuclear myocardial perfusion 52
Pharmacologic agents 529
Phenobarbital 121, 450, 455
Phenoxybenzamine 38
Phentolamine 27, 38
Phenylephrine 139, 262
Phenylhydantoin 517
Phenytoin 121, 300, 398, 450, 454
Pheochromocytoma 37, 39, 285, 669
diagnostic hallmarks 37
therapy 38
Phosphate 622
Phosphodiesterase inhibition 613
Pigment gallstones 420
Pindolol 17, 32
Pioglitazone 638
Piperacillin 338, 342, 347, 481
Pirbuterol 294
Pituitary adenoma 667
Pituitary diseases, anterior 669
Pituitary disorders, posterior 673
Plant sterol 97
Plasma
17-hydroxyprogesterone 676
catecholamines 38
corticotropin 667
cortisol measurements 667
growth hormone-releasing hormone levels 671
Platelet 547
aggregation 65
defects 534
disorders 543
functional 535
numbers 534
Plethora 556
Pleural disease 377
drug-induced 379
malignant 388
Pleural effusion 106, 377, 383, 390, 392, 396, 398, 421
differential diagnosis of 378b
malignant 390
signs of 378
symptoms of 378
Pleural fluid
accumulates 377
cytology 387
formation 377
lipid analysis 389
presence of 377
Pleural tuberculosis 389
Pleurodesis 392
Pleuroscopy 390
Plicamycin 622, 623
Pneumocystis carinii 323f, 324f, 441
infection 396
Pneumocystis infection 105, 547
Pneumonia 105, 320, 321, 333, 370, 379, 457
atypical 329
complicates 336
massive 522
treatment of 355
typical 326
Pneumothorax 168, 316, 369
Poikilocytosis 526
Polyarteritis
microscopic 507
pauciarticular 565b
Polyarticular arthritis 565t
Polychondritis 182
Polycystic kidney 40
disease, adult 496
Polycystic ovarian disease 676
Polycythemia 317
secondary 557
vera 368, 555, 556
Polygenic hypercholesterolemia 209
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes 360
Polymyositis 564, 605
differential diagnosis 605
pathogenesis 605
Toxoplasma gondii 605
treatment 605
Polyneuropathy 559
acute 472
diagnosis 472
pathophysiology 473
therapy 473
Polyols 401
Polythiazide 18
Polyuria 673
causes 673
differential diagnosis 673
direct testing 674
indirect testing 674
Porcine valve replacement 180
Porphyria 227, 526
treatment 527
Postabdominal surgery 378
Postbulbar duodenum 404
Postcardiac injury syndrome 379
Postcardiac surgery 169
Postcoronary artery bypass surgery 379
Postinfarction pericarditis 166
Postinfectious disorder, typical 473
Postmyocardial infarction 9, 57t, 66t, 268t
Postrenal obstruction 492
Postsplenectomy penicillin 515
Post-thoracotomy 140
Potassium 499, 611
replacement for diabetic ketoacidosis 630t
restrict intake of 618
sparing diuretics 14
Pramipexole 469
Pravastatin 227
Prazosin 16
Prednisolone 315
Prednisone 165, 315, 471, 495, 554
Pregnancy, hypertensive crisis of 34
Pregnant women with microprolactinoma 670
Prerenal acute renal failure 490
causes of 490b
Presyncope 200, 263
Primidone 450
Procainamide 148, 151, 153156, 159, 398, 683
Procarbazine 379, 399
Progesterone 212
Prolactin 671
Prolactinomas, therapy of 670
Proliferative glomerulonephritis, types of 502t
Proliferative retinopathy 643
Prolongation syndrome 160
Prolymphocytic leukemia 555
Propafenone 151, 153, 155
Propionic acid, metabolism of 529
Propofol 683
Proprandolol 17
Propranolol 4, 27, 33, 66, 138, 255, 269, 460, 661
Propylthiouracil 659, 661
Prostate, enlarged 492
Prosthetic valve
choice 179
complications 181t
dysfunction 280
endocarditis 242
implant 196
surgery 182
Protease inhibitors, deficiency of 310
Protein 489, 499
abnormal 492
loss 500
Proteinuria 19, 501
presence of 496
Proteus 344, 346
mirabilis 344, 345, 348, 350
species 338, 344, 346, 349, 350
vulgaris 348
Prothrombin 540
Proton pump inhibitors 405
Providencia 336, 346, 348, 350
Pruritus 232, 557
Pseudocysts 422
Pseudogout 582, 584, 593
treatment 585
Pseudomembranous colitis 418
clinical manifestations 418
diagnosis 419
treatment 419
Pseudomonas 239, 314, 346
aeruginosa 240, 337339, 345, 346, 347, 348, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 360, 361, 362
cepacia 240, 339, 350, 353, 354
infections 586
species 344, 353, 356, 358
Pseudomyxoma peritonei 432
Psoriasis 587, 595
Psoriatic arthritis 182, 564, 584
Psoriatic monoarthritis 584
Psychosis 360
Pulmonary angiography 370, 375
Pulmonary arterial hypertension 510
Pulmonary artery
right descending 372
transverse diameter of 373f
Pulmonary complications 422
Pulmonary congestion 168, 187
Pulmonary edema 28, 369
acute 26
Pulmonary emboli 378
Pulmonary embolism 280, 336, 367, 371
diagnosis 367
management 375
Pulmonary embolization 378, 379, 396
Pulmonary fibrosis 469
Pulmonary function
disorders of 431
testing 313
Pulmonary hypertension 280, 317
Pulmonary infections 360
Pulmonary stenosis 280
Pulmonary thromboembolism 316
Pulmonary venous pressures 194
Pulseless disease 285
Pulsus paradoxus 164, 168
Putrid odor 386
Pyelonephritis
acute 495
chronic 495, 496
Pyogenic abscesses, treatment of 485
Pyogenic meningitis 478, 478t, 479t
diagnosis 478
treatment of 478, 480t
Pyrazinamide 481
Pyridostigmine bromide 471
Pyridoxine 167
Pyruvate kinase deficiency 516
Q
QT syndrome
long 280
prolonged 251, 287
short 683
Quinapril 16, 20, 21
Quinethazone 18
Quinidine 121, 133, 151, 153155, 159, 683
Quinolones 300, 355
R
Radiation 370
Radioactive iodine 653
Radionuclide
evaluation 109
scintigraphy 51
Ramipril 16, 20, 21
Rampant atherosclerotic disease 634
Ranitidine 300, 407
Rash 232
Raynaud's phenomenon 12, 580, 596, 604
Reactive arthritis 565, 588
Red blood cell 238, 491, 513, 515
aplasia, pure 511
Red cell 547
deformation 518
hypoplasia 518
membrane 514, 524
Reflex dystrophy 581
Refractory epilepsy, cannabidiol for 451
Refractory hypoxemia 308
Reiter's syndrome 182, 587, 588
Renal acute renal failure 492
Renal artery disease, acute 490
Renal disease 355, 489, 640
end-stage 489, 640
non-end-stage 110
preexisting 493
Renal dysfunction
acute 26
mild 227
Renal failure 20, 28, 122, 285, 457, 489
acute 457, 489, 498t
diagnosis of 491t
major causes of 489b
chronic 169, 489, 495, 496, 498t
diagnosis 498
management 498
natural history 497
signs and symptoms 497
index 491
postrenal acute 491
prerenal acute 490
diagnosis 490
management 490
Renal function 489
impaired 355
Renal impairment 631
Renal insufficiency 422
Renal loss 611, 615
of potassium, promote 619
Renal parenchymal disease 35
Renal pelvis 492
Renal stones 508
Renin angiotensin system 113
Renovascular hypertension 36
Resistant hypertension 24
Resonium calcium 619
Respiratory 557
acidosis 317
arrest 466
drive depression 316
embarrassment 500
infections 302
support 656
tract infections, treatment of lower 360
Respiratory distress syndrome
acute 108, 336, 421
neonatal 32
Restrictive cardiomyopathy 109, 111, 170t, 273
clinical hallmarks 274
therapy 274
Restrictive lung disease 105
Restrictive syndrome 170
Resuscitation 424
Reticulocytopenia 517
Reticulocytosis 515, 524
Reticuloendothelial system 516
Retinal disease 640
progression of 640
Retinitis 443
Retinoic acid 548
Retinoids 212
Retinopathy 640
Retrograde pyelogram 492
Reye's syndrome 589
Rhabdomyolysis 228, 234
risk of 228
Rheumatic diseases 570, 575
Rheumatic disorders 563
investigations 569
Rheumatic fever 174, 182, 205, 206, 597
acute 187, 564, 589
attack of 206
clinical features 205
secondary 206
therapy 206
Rheumatic heart disease 199
Rheumatic pain disorders 563
Rheumatoid arthritis 564, 578, 582, 595
differential diagnosis 596
pathogenesis 596
seronegative 565, 594
treatment 582, 597
workup 597
Rheumatoid diseases 595
Rheumatoid effusion 386
Rheumatoid pleuritis 379, 388, 398
Rheumatoid test 594
Rheumatoid vasculitis 596f
Rhinorrhea 302, 330
Rhonchi 312
Rickettsia 441
like organism 443
species 359
Riedel's thyroiditis 655
Rifabutin 441
Rifampin 167, 441, 481
Right bundle branch block 146, 287
Right ventricular
collapse 169
end-diastolic pressure 172
hypokinesis 374
infarction 111, 143
strain pattern 373
Rochalimaea quintana 441
Ropinirole 469
Rosiglitazone 638
Rosuvastatin 227
Roth's spots 238
Roxithromycin 356
Ruptured esophagus 133
S
Sacroiliitis, differential diagnosis of 587
Salbutamol 289, 293, 294, 618
Salicylates 582
Salmonella 408410
Sarcoid 274
Sarcoidosis 379, 476, 655
Scandinavian simvastatin survival study 222
Scapulothoracic syndromes 576
Schistosoma mansoni 475
Scleroderma 274, 509, 603
classification of 603
linear 604
localized 604
Sclerosing cholangitis 442, 443
Sedation 462
mild 82
Sedatives 438
Seizures 308, 464, 465
Selenium deficiency 275
Sensory nerves 459
Septal defects 40
Septic arthritis 565, 586, 593
Serratia 344, 345, 348, 350, 356
marcescens 239, 339
species 337, 345, 353
Serum
albumin, low 436
aspartate aminotransferase 436
complement fixation 331
concentration 298
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate 676
gonadotropins 676
iron 513
potassium caution 117
prolactin 676
sodium 611
testosterone 676
theophylline concentrations, lower 297
triglycerides, management of elevated 233
Serum creatinine 1
abnormal 122
normal 122, 639
Serum total
thyroxine 652
triiodothyronine 652
Sexual dysfunction 22
Sexually transmitted disease 585
Shigella 408410
flexneri 588
sonnei 588
Shockable rhythm 259
Shoulder impingement syndrome 577
Shunt surgery, emergent 428
Sick sinus syndrome 280, 286
Sickle cell 522
disease 519, 525
treatment 521
Simvastatin 227, 228, 230
monotherapy 230
Single photon emission computed tomography 374
ventilation/perfusion 371
Sinoatrial disease 251
Sinus
bradycardia 60, 74f
node dysfunction 280, 286
rhythm 140, 143
tachycardia 90, 163, 273
Sinusitis 484
Sinusoidal 431
Sitosterol 97, 99t, 102, 214, 215
blood levels, diabetic to reduce 646
Sitosterolemia 97, 98, 100, 101, 207, 647
in diabetics 635
Sjögren's syndrome 564, 600
primary 506
treatment 601
Skin-joint disease 602
Sleep disturbance 361
Snake venoms 493
Sodium 491, 611
bicarbonate 255, 256, 618
channel 155
blockers 155
ipodate 661
loss 611
polystyrene sulfonate 619
Soft tissue
disorders, regional 576
injection, principles for 571b
rheumatic pain, generalized 579
Solitary plasmacytoma 561
Solitary thyroid nodule 662
investigation of 663fc
Somnolence 317
Sorbitol 401
Sotalol 17, 154, 159, 691
Spastic diverticular disease 419
Spinal cord compression, acute 474
Spine 582
osteoarthritis of 574
Spironolactone 8, 434
Spondylitis 585, 595
Spondyloarthropathy 587
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 430, 431, 434
treatment 435
Spontaneous pneumothorax 316
Sputum culture 314
Sputum production 311
Stabilize cardiac cell membrane 618
Stable angina 43, 44
drug therapy 53
electrocardiograms 47
interventional therapy 62
investigative evaluation 46
pathophysiology 44
therapy 53
Stable disease 293
Staphylococcus
aureus 239, 240, 243, 320, 325, 334, 335, 340, 345, 349, 350, 351, 357, 361, 362, 478
epidermidis 242, 340, 351, 357, 363
marcescens 240
species 336, 478
Starling's equation 377
Statins 53, 222
adverse effects of 228
contraindications 227
dose of 228
Status asthmaticus 168, 299, 306
Status epilepticus 453, 454b, 455b
diagnosis 453
pathophysiology 453
therapy 453
Steatorrhea 406
Stenosis, acute 490
Steroid 570, 577, 579
inhaler 289
puffer 289
Stimulate glucagon production 626
Stokes-Adams attacks 287
Stomach pain 228
Streptococcal pneumonia 324f
Streptococci 340, 478
Streptococcus 435, 446, 486
anginosus 240
bovis 237, 242, 243, 351
durans 243
faecalis 243
faecium 243
gallolyticus 242
milleri milleri 351
mitis 240, 351
mutans 351
pyogenes 343, 351
sanguis 351
species 359
viridans 243
Streptococcus pneumoniae 239, 243, 320, 321, 325327, 334, 335, 343, 344, 347, 349, 351, 352, 355361, 393, 478, 480
therapy 327
Streptokinase 79t, 81, 87
Streptomyces species 359
Streptomycin 481
Stroke 97, 464, 556
diagnosis 464
investigations 466
pathophysiology 465
therapy 466
acute 466
volume 280
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 70, 163, 225
Subepithelial tracheobronchial mucous glands 309
Sucralfate 407
Sudden cardiac death 4, 7t, 65, 67fc, 250t, 252, 263, 264
prevention of 125
Sudden dyspnea 367
Sulbactam 242, 243, 347
Sulfamethoxazole 340, 363, 481, 547
Sulfasalazine 412, 417
Sulfhydryl agent 20
Sulfonamides 206
Sulfonylureas 643
Superoxide dismutase 600
Supplemental oxygen 308
Supraventricular arrhythmias 134
Supraventricular tachycardia 94, 129, 130, 132f, 193, 280
Sydenham's chorea 205
Sympathetic system, activation of 113
Symptomatic bradycardia, severe 257
Syncope 175, 200, 263, 278
assessment of 279fc
cardiac causes of 280t
causes of 177, 283
entails, management of 280
history 281
noncardiac causes of 282t
physical examination 281
Synovial fluid 583
Synovianalysis 571b
Synovium 603
Synthetic penicillin 547
Syphilis 182
Systemic acidosis 388
Systemic diseases, characteristics of 505t
Systemic endotoxemia 433
Systemic illness 409
Systemic lupus erythematosus 388, 405, 465, 503, 505, 508, 542, 601
treatment 602
Systemic rheumatic diseases 563
Systemic sclerosis 509, 564, 603
Systemic vasculitis 507, 606
Systolic
crescendo-decrescendo murmur 174
function, reduced 271
hypertension, mild-to-moderate 5fc
murmur 263
Systolic dysfunction 112
ventricular 115, 120
T
Tachyarrhythmias 147f, 147t, 280, 286
types of 146
Tachycardia 147, 148, 168, 187, 293, 589, 658, 660
Tachyphylaxis 296
Takayasu's arteritis 182, 564, 678, 694
diagnosis 695
investigations 695
therapy 696
Takayasu's disease 285
Takotsubo stress cardiomyopathy 75, 276, 277f
Takotsubo syndrome 276
Tapazole 517
Tarsal tunnel syndrome 579
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 555
Telmisartan 116
Temporomandibular myofascial pain 576
Tendinitis 563, 575
Tenecteplase 88
Tenesmus 409
Tenidap 600
Tenormin 17
Terazosin 16
Terbutaline 293, 294
Terfenadine 133
Tetracyclines 359, 360
Thalassemia 513, 525
treatment 526
Theophylline 297, 315
interactions 300t
preparations 297
toxicity 139
Therapeutic decisions 478
Therapeutic endoscopy 426
Thermal injury 515
Thiazide 34, 421
diuretics 31
Thoracic aorta 208, 695
Throat 330
Thrombocythemia 368, 534
essential 558
Thrombocytopenia 534, 543, 544
Thromboembolic disease, history of 368
Thromboembolism 179
Thrombolytic agent 82
dosage of 81t
Thrombolytic therapy 77, 83
complications of 87
contraindications 85
indications for 85
timing of 80t
Thrombopathy 543
Thrombosis, acute 490
Thrombotic disorders 542
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 492, 506, 541
Thyroid 518
binding proteins 654
cancer, therapy for 652
deficiency 518
disease 652
screening for 653fc
hormone replacement 656
malignancy 655
nodules 662
radioisotope scan 662
stimulating hormone 652
storm 660
tests 652
ultrasound 662
Thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake test 653
Thyroiditis 654, 657
silent 662
subacute 661
Thyrotoxicosis 285
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test 653, 671
Ticarcillin 338, 345347, 481
Tight mitral stenosis 280
Tildiem 61
Timolol 4, 18, 269
Tissue
hypoxia 631
plasminogen activator 77, 88
Tobramycin 355, 356, 445, 481, 487, 493
Tocainide 153, 155
Tocilizumab 696
Topiramate 461
Torsades de pointes 133, 159
Torsades depends, prevention of 160
Total cholesterol 209, 214
Total colectomy 414
Toxic megacolon, severe 414
Toxic multinodular goiter 654
management of 660
Toxic solitary adenoma, management of 660
Toxicity 344, 347, 354
Tracheal irritation 295
Tracheal tug 312
Trandate 17
Tranexamic acid 539
Tranquilizers 438
Transabdominal incision 39
Transcatheter aortic valve 186
replacement 181
Transcobalamins 529
Transdermal nitrate preparations and dosage 55t
Transesophageal echocardiography 196, 240
Trans-fatty acids 221
Transfusion reactions 493
Transient autonomic disturbances 472
Transient ischemia 464
Transient ischemic attacks 204, 282, 462, 557
diagnosis 462
pathophysiology 463
therapy 463
Transient myocardial stunning 276
Transient thyroiditis 655
Transsphenoidal surgery 670
Transthoracic echocardiography 240
Transudative pleural effusions 378, 383
Transvenous pacing, temporary 160
Trauma 182, 421
Trichlormethiazide 18
Tricuspid regurgitation 168
Triglyceride 216
Trimethaphan 27
Trimethoprim 328, 340, 363, 481, 547
Troleandomycin 301
Trypanosoma cruzi 275, 684
Tubercle bacillus 517
Tuberculosis 169, 274, 378, 379, 492
peritonitis 432
Tuberculous
effusion 386
meningitis 478
pericarditis 166
pleural effusions 395
pleuritis 388, 389
pneumonia, acute 323f
Tubular necrosis, acute 490492
Tubulointerstitial nephritis, acute hypersensitivity 492, 495
Tumors 441
Turners’ syndrome 655, 678, 692
diagnosis 692
treatment 693
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors 655
U
Ulcer
disease, symptomatic 403
healing of 406
pain 403
Ulcerative colitis 182, 411, 412
chronic 564
complications 415
diagnosis 412
mild-to-moderate 414
therapy 412
treatment 415
Umbilical cord 531
Underfill hypothesis 432
Unstable angina 44, 49f, 63
cases of 63
pathophysiology 63
therapy 63
Upper lobe pneumonia, acute right 322f
Upper respiratory infection 472
Upper respiratory tract
instrumentation of 248
procedures 245t
surgery of 248
Urea 239
Ureaplasma 588
Uremia 108, 167, 379, 438
signs of 495
Uremic pericarditis 167
Ureter 491
Ureterocele 491
Ureteropelvic junction 492
Urethra 491
Uric acid levels 556
Urinary bladder 492
Urinary calcium, lower 509
Urinary excretion, abnormal 489
Urinary indices 491t
Urinary red blood cells 496
Urinary retention 285
Urinary tract
infections 639
obstruction 491
acute 489
Urine
plasma ratio 491
sodium concentration 491
testing 645
Urinothorax 378, 385
Urokinase 395
Urticaria 18, 232, 233
Ustekinumab 418
Uterine prolapse 491
V
Vagotomy 406
Valproate 450, 655
Valproic acid 421, 450
Valve
endocarditis, native 241
failure, primary 180
leaflets 196
prosthesis, choice of 179t
replacement
complications of 180
timing of 184
Valvular abnormalities 109
Valvular heart disease 174, 237, 463, 465
Vancomycin 245, 246, 355, 356, 365, 366, 481
Variceal bleeding 427, 430, 431
Vascular collapse, signs of 421
Vascular congestion 301
Vasculitis syndromes, features of 607t
Vasodepressor syncope 278, 283
Vasopressin 255
single dose of 255
Vasovagal syncope 278, 283, 288
Vasovagal syndrome, malignant 282
Vedolizumab 414, 416, 417
Vein
graft 178
intercostal 382
Vena cava
obstruction, superior 378
syndrome, superior 385
Veno-occlusive disease 432, 433
Venous thrombosis, deep 106
Venous ultrasonography 375
Ventilation 374
Ventricular arrhythmias 153t
management of 151t
Ventricular fibrillation 249, 255
management of 253
Ventricular premature
beats 124, 148, 150f
management of 148
multifocal 149f
contractions 92, 152, 298
Ventricular tachycardia 129, 131, 147f, 148, 152fc, 250, 286
nonsustained 149f
Verapamil 23, 36, 60, 61, 94, 134, 136t, 137, 139, 140, 267, 285, 286, 301
intravenous 134
Verelan 17
Vertigo 458, 556
causes of 462
Vessel wall, problems of 543
Vibramycin 360
Vibrio cholerae 409
Vibrio parahaemolyticus 408
Vidarabine 301
Villonodular synovitis, pigmented 586
Viral
arthritis 587
hepatitis, acute 654
infections 378, 409
pericarditis 164, 169
pneumonias 330
Viral encephalitis 483
diagnosis 483
treatment 483
Virus 320
Visceral pleura 377
Visual hallucinations 124
Vitamin 376
deficiency 529, 530
deficiency, treatment 530
levels 529
source of 529
C, dietary deficiency of 528
K 533
Vomiting 357, 660
von Willebrand's disease 538
characteristics of 539t
classification of 539t
diagnosis 538
management 539
von Willebrand's factor 539
W
Waldenström's cells 561
Waldenström's disease 561
management 562
treatment 562
Warfarin 375
Waring blender syndrome defects 515
Warm autoantibody disease 524
Water gain 612
causes of 612
Wegener's granulomatosis 507, 564, 609
Weight loss 166, 232, 234, 409
Weight reduction diet 234
Wenckebach phenomenon 161f
Wernicke's encephalopathy 455
diagnosis 455
pathophysiology 456
therapy 456
Westermark's sign 372
Wheezes 312
Whipple's disease 182, 564, 587
White blood cell 495
count 387
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome 140, 144, 145f, 146, 251, 280, 286
World Health Organization 506
Wounds, minor 538
Wytensin 17
X
Xanthelasma 211
Xanthoma tendinosum, absence of 211
Xanthomonas maltophilia 340, 350, 353, 354, 358, 360, 364
Xylocaine 577
injection 579
mixture 577
Y
Yellow nail syndrome 379
Yersinia strains 588
Z
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome 404, 406
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Chapter Notes

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