Pharmacological CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS with Doses and Preparations
Pharmacological CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS with Doses and Preparations
SIXTH EDITION
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© 2019, KD Tripathi
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Pharmacological Classification of Drugs with Doses and Preparations
First Edition: 1986, Second Edition: 1990, Third Edition: 2006, Fourth Edition: 2010, Fifth Edition: 2014, Sixth Edition: 2019
9789352706891
Printed at
A systematized listing of drugs according to their primary actions, mechanisms, chemical nature, clinical uses and/or other relevant characteristics is the first step to learn about them. The mental exercise to prescribe a drug for a patient starts with identifying the class of drugs to be prescribed and then selecting the specific member most appropriate for that patient according to its subclass/group/individual characteristic. For example, the first thing one decides is whether an analgesic or an antihypertensive or an antibiotic is to be prescribed; then proceeds to consider which type of analgesic (opioid/nonopioid), or antihypertensive (calcium channel blocker/ACE inhibitor, etc.), or antibiotic (β-lactam/fluoroquinolone, etc.) is required and then which specific member is most suitable. On the other hand, every drug is known by the class and subclass, to which it belongs, e.g. furosemide is a high-ceiling diuretic, glibenclamide is a sulfonylurea antidiabetic. As such, drug classifications are pivotal to pharmacology students and greatly helpful to prescribing doctors. The phenomenal increase in the number of drugs in recent years has further underscored the need for drug classifications.
Drug classifications have been criticised for being imprecise and arbitrary because of nonuniform criteria that have often to be adopted and frequent lack of watertight distinctions among drug groups/subgroups. Nevertheless, basing on pharmacological differences and applying suitable criteria, meaningful drug classifications can be devised. Though, any drug has multiple actions/properties, it can be designated by the most outstanding one. For example, labelling atenolol as a cardioselective β blocker summarises its actions, uses, etc. This booklet has adopted such a pragmatic approach and presented classifications of drugs that have practical utility. The drug classifications are presented in the form of hierarchially designed charts. These charts create pictorial images and help memorizing. In this edition all classifications have been updated, expanded and modified where necessary. New drugs, particularly those marketed recently, have been included.
To be useful to medical/pharmacy students as well as to practitioners, the doses (including pediatric doses wherever relevant), frequency and route(s) of administration along with leading brand names of drugs and different types of dosage forms (oral, parenteral, topical, etc.) are listed distinctively after each class of drugs. Thus, essential prescribing information is incorporated for drugs that are available. Single drug formulations are mainly mentioned. Combined drug formulations find a place wherever important or relevant. The listing of brand names is restricted to only 1–4 per drug, and is not exhaustive. Synonyms and alternative names of drugs and classes of drugs are also mentioned. Two separate indices, one of nonproprietary (generic) names and the other of proprietary (brand) names of drugs is provided for instantaneous location of the drug or the product one is looking for.
The present user-friendly format of the booklet is intended to make it a better aid for remembering drug names, identifying the class and subclass to which they belong, and provide easy access to core prescribing information. The credit for meticulous production of this booklet goes to the staff of M/s Jaypee Brothers.
KD Tripathi
Explanatory Notes
- The information on dosage form(s) is printed in maroon colour, and the proprietary (brand) names of drugs/products appear in capital letters.
- The doses and regimens are given in smaller type, while nonproprietary (generic) drug names appear in bigger type and different font.
- If no brand name of a drug is listed, it is not currently marketed in India, or is marketed only in combinations. This can be found out from the composition of the combined formulations given.
- If the route of administration is not specified, the drug is administered only orally, and the dose mentioned is the oral dose.
- Drug doses mentioned without specifying frequency of administration indicate the quantity for a single dose.
Ampoule
APAction potential
BDTwice daily
BHPBenign hypertrophy of prostate
BSABody surface area
capCapsule
CBSColloidal bismuth subcitrate
ChChild dose
cmCentimeter
CRContinuous release
DistabDispersible tablet
DSDouble strength
e.c.Enteric coated
ERExtended release
ERPEffective refractory period
extExtract
gGram
GITSGastrointestinal therapeutic system
hrhour
i.d.Intradermal
i.m.Intramuscular
injInjection
IUInternational unit
i.v.intravenous
kgKilogram
LLitre
LESLower esophageal sphincter
liqLiquid
mMeter
maxMaximum
mEqMilliequivalent
mgMilligram
minMinute
mlMillilitre
MRModified release
MUMega (million) unit
MWMolecular weight
µgMicrogram
ODOnce daily
ointOintment
Pot.Potassium
QIDFour times a day
rDNARecombinant deoxyribonucleic acid
s.c.Subcutaneous
s.l.Sublingual
SodSodium
SRSustained release
suspSuspension
syrSyrup
tabTablet
TCID50Tissue culture infective dose 50%
TDSThree times a day
THFATetrahydrofolic acid
TTSTransdermal therapeutic system
UUnit
UVUltra violet
yrYear (age)
ZEZollinger-Ellison