AIIMS-MAMC-PGI’s Comprehensive Textbook of Diagnostic Radiology Arun Kumar Gupta, Anju Garg, Manavjit Singh Sandhu
INDEX
Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, fc refer to flow chart, and t refer to table.
A
Abdomen 929, 1195, 1212, 1326, 1765, 2481
acute 1764, 1765, 1776, 1777, 1780
computed tomography examination of 1283
extraintestinal tuberculosis of 1434
gasless 1695
lower 1798f
nontraumatic acute 1764, 1765
postoperative 1874, 1875
complications 1876
ultrasound 1727
Abdominal aorta 2164f, 2266f, 2509f, 3447, 3470
atherosclerotic 2296f
fusiform aneurysm of 3460f
lesion 3475
thrombosis of 3454
Abdominal fat, herniation of 3183
Abdominal injuries, computed tomography staging of 1790
Abdominal lymph nodes, retroperitoneal 1327
Abdominal trauma 1135, 1691, 1782, 1785, 2457
computed tomography 1784
diagnostic imaging 1786
digital subtraction angiography 1785
magnetic resonance imaging 1785
management of 1782
penetrating 1800
plain radiography 1782
ultrasonography 1783
Abdominal veins, prominent 1628
Abdominal wall 1766
collaterals, superficial 1634
injuries 1800
tearing of lateral 1800
Abductor brevis 3825, 3826
Abductor longus 3825, 3826
abdominal 1768
amebic 1555, 1556
hepatic 2609
appendiceal 1493f
appendicular 1812f
cavity 1556
drainage 2448
epidural 216
formation, stages of 2909f
frontal 2926f
intra-abdominal 1772
intraosseous 3892
mediastinal 2523f
multiple small 1555f
paravertebral 3616f
peritoneal 1810
postoperative 1877
prevertebral 536, 537f
prostatitis 2138
retroperitoneal 2710
retropharyngeal 1300, 1307, 1308f, 2523f
subphrenic 3327f
tuberculous 233
Acalculia 827
Acetabular labrum 3836f
Acetabulum 3825
anatomy of 2797
right 2839f
Acetate 90
Acetic acid 1595
ablation 1597
injection 1597
volume of 1597
Achalasia 1299, 1309
cardia 3177f
treatment 1312
Achlorhydria 1349
Achondroplasia 676
Acidemia, ethylmalonic 2979
Acid-fast bacilli 3115f, 3120f, 3121f
Acidosis, lactic 2970
Acinar cells, loss of 1722
Acinetobacter 3091, 3092
Acinic cell carcinoma 497, 500, 1734
Acoustic radiation force impulse 896, 1282, 1524, 1708, 3958
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 108, 225, 257, 260, 565, 1314, 1498, 1501, 1655, 3113, 3233, 3437
dementia 295
related cholangiopathy 1654
related lymphoma 352
related tuberculosis 225
Acromian process 3853, 3854
Acromioclavicular joint 3591, 3851
Acrylic glue 188
Actinomyces 2502
infection 2502t, 3654
israeli 3097, 3602
Actinomycosis 3097, 3109, 3335, 3649, 3654, 3655
Acute pancreatitis 970, 1134, 1691, 1694, 1700, 1706, 1723, 1764, 1768, 2265f
complications 1700
computed tomography 1695
diagnosis 1692
disease 1709
etiology 1691
management 1705
pathophysiology 1691
phases of 1693
radiation exposure 1707
severity of 1694, 1699, 1712
types of 1693
Acute radiation
enteritis 1447f
injury 305
pneumonitis 3125
Acute reactions, management of 2027
Acute respiratory syndrome, severe 3099, 3149, 3155
Acute stroke 59, 124t, 132, 135
management protocol 135fc
Adamantinoma 3750, 3751, 3769
Addison's disease 3166, 3720
Adenitis, acute mesenteric 1486
colonic 1497, 1834f
colorectal 1401
development of 1369
endometrioid 2082
esophageal 1298, 1322, 1329
in situ 3063, 3108, 3193, 3198, 3317
invasive 3198
mucinous 3052, 3058, 3065, 3217, 3223, 3224f
jejunum 1370f, 1371f
lepidic predominant 3198, 3221f
lung 3192f
disseminated 3230f
minimally invasive 3198
primary 1406
risk of 1369
small bowel 1371t
stage groupings for 1329t
staging and prognosis 1371
treatment 1372
Adenoid 2522
cystic carcinoma 471, 500, 519, 615, 3217, 3252
enlarged 2524
Adenoma 387f, 389f, 1356, 1363, 1364, 1497
alveolar 3217
atypical presentations of 389
ectopic 389
embryonal 2698
hepatocellular 1128, 1536, 1545, 1547
hypodense 389f
imaging of 387
types of 386
Adenomatoid tumor 1827, 2730
Adenomucinosis 1836
disseminated peritoneal 1835
Adenomyomatosis 1665, 1770
Adenomyosis 879f, 906, 2316, 2317f, 2337, 2338, 2338t
Adenopathy 1746
bulky mediastinal 2260f
hilar 3140
retroperitoneal 2102f
Adenosis 3969
Adenovirus 3090, 3099, 3100, 3121
Adipocytes, mature 2069f
Adipose tissue 1320
Adnexa 1961
Doppler evaluation 1964
evaluation of 1964
Adnexal mass
characterization of 1966
inhomogeneous 1777
solid 2355f
Adrenal glands, normal 2241f
Adrenal hematoma, right 1796f
Adrenal measurements, normal 2241f
Adrenocorticotropin 3721
Adrenoleukodystrophy 2959f
X-linked 2959
Adrenomyeloneuropathy 2960
Adriamycin 1258
Adult idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 2551
Advanced trauma life support guidelines 1782
Adventitia 3446
Aerobilia 1650
Aerodigestive tract, upper 585
Aflatoxin 1520
Agenesis 2532
Agger nasi cells 486, 492
Agnosia 827
Agraphia 827
Agyria 316
Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 2969
Air 880, 881
bronchiolograms 3193
bronchogram 3035, 3064f, 3065f, 3088f, 3131f, 3136f, 3234f
sonographic 3086f
crescent 3194
fluid level 1560, 3194
leak syndrome 3126, 3126
meniscus 3194
sign 3195f, 3208f
outlining pulmonary artery 3287
retroperitoneal 1775
sign, triangle of 3443
tissue interfaces 1001f
trapping 3072, 3266
Airflow obstruction 3312
Airspace
disease 3034
nodules 3057f
opacity 3034
pneumonia 3085, 3086f
Airway 3016, 3205
imaging, workhorse of 3245
invasive aspergillosis 3059
large 3241
obstruction
lower 2527
upper 2521
pathology, evaluation of 3245b
pediatric 2520
peripheral 3259
Alanine 90
Alara principle 3391
Albumin 1896
Alcock maneuver 200
Alcohol 1520
absolute 1257
consumption 1711
excessive 3721
induced chronic pancreatitis 1716f
related liver diseases 3721
volume of 1597
Alcoholism 302, 1501
Aldosteronism 2243
Alexander disease 2963, 2965f2967f
Alexia 827
Alkali ingestion 1316
Alkaline phosphatase 1654, 3686
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency 1896, 3070
Alpha-fetoprotein 1571
Alport's syndrome 1319, 2191
Aluminum 3721
Alveolar capillaries, proliferation of 3155
Alveolar hemorrhage, diffuse 3123, 3124, 3124f, 3149, 3151, 3152, 3155
Alveolar septal amyloidosis, diffuse 3155
Alveolitis, extrinsic allergic 2537
Alzheimer's disease 84, 101, 818
Ambient cistern 22, 842
Amebiasis 1429
Ameloblastoma 638f, 640f, 647f, 3736
Amenorrhea, primary 2716
American Association for Staging in Trauma grading system 1790
American College of Physicians Journal Club 1176
American College of Radiology 1117, 1118, 1149, 1171, 1220, 1417, 1651, 1784, 3943
American Fertility Society classification of congenital uterine anomalies 2330t
American Heart Association 138
American Joint Committee on Cancer 542, 585, 1326, 1744, 3225, 3920
American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology 126
American Society of Neuroradiology 3663
American Society of Spine Radiology 3663
American Thoracic Society 3197
American Thyroid Association 580
Amide 1144
proton transfer 83
Amino acid 90, 103f, 105, 220, 3693
disorders of 2951, 2974
metabolism, disorders of 2981t
Aminoacidopathy, disorders of 2974
Amiodarone 1520, 3108
Ammon's horn 26
Amphetamine 308
Amplatzer vascular plug 1107
Amplitude 982
Ampulla
obstruction of 1356
of vater 1664, 1669, 1672
Amygdala, level of 23f
Amylase 1691
Amyloid
arthropathy 3843
light chain protein 1509
plaques 1262
Anal
agenesis
with rectobulbar urethral fistula 2574
without fistula 2574, 2576
canal 1903
reflex 824
stenosis 2577
stricture, presence of 1953
Analog video voltage and digitized values 1059fc
Analog-to-digital
converter 983, 1086
units 1071
Anaplasia 2071
Anaplastic carcinoma 572, 573f
iliopsoas 2283f
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase, reactivity for 1355
Anderson and d'Alonzo classification 741f
Anderson lesion, typical of 801f
Anderson-Fabry disease 3405
Andersson lesion 805, 3639, 3653
Androgenital syndrome 2245
Anemia 1521, 3152f
aplastic 3893, 3894, 3894f
chronic hemolytic 14
hemolytic 9f, 1870f
Anesthesia 165, 2433
Aneurysm 56, 149, 407, 531, 536, 687, 838, 839, 1867, 3453
abdominal aortic 786, 1991, 2269f, 3458, 3465b, 3465t
anterior communicating 144f
atherosclerotic 162
bone cyst, secondary 808f
complete obliteration of 173f
diameter of 3458t
giant 153
growth rates of 3457
intranidal 154f, 185f
intraprocedural rupture of 173, 173f
neck, proximal 3465
posterior circulation 151f
rupture 150f, 1765, 3461
sac 3465
traumatic 162
treatment coiling 174
true 3497
types of 162
unruptured 151, 163
Angiocardiography 3409, 3429, 3431
Angiodysplasia 1474
disseminated 779
Angioembolization 3566
Angiofibroma 501, 501f, 1862
juvenile 2524, 2944
nasal 527
nasopharyngeal 528f, 529f, 615, 621, 622, 625f, 678, 684f
Angiogram 166
bronchial 3081f
common carotid 682f
conventional 1991
internal pudendal 2406f
Angiographic
balloon catheter, shunts with 1920
technique, steps of 1602f
Angiography 412, 696, 769, 3453, 3475, 3518, 3566, 3568, 3754
anatomy 1294
complications of 3453
high-spatial resolution for 3016
peripheral 1041
role of 2225
rotational 1089
technique 1293
time-of-flight 1039
Angiolipoma 846
extradural 770f
intramedullary 770f
Angiomas
cavernous 157, 157f
mixed 157
Angiomyolipoma 1536, 1580, 2068, 2107, 2108f, 2696, 2697f
epithelioid 2069
Angioplasty 2442
fails 1915
procedures, complications of 2445
technique of 3511
Angiosarcoma 678, 845, 1569, 1586, 1588f, 1824, 1862, 3338, 3414, 3570, 3750, 3769
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 3109
inhibitor scintigraphy 2165
Angle correction 885
Anisotropy, linear 231
Ankle
and foot 3585
brachial index 3503
jerk 824
joint 3915f
plain X-ray of 3586f
Ankylosing spondylitis 801, 3457, 3626, 3637, 3637f3639f, 3721
Anomalous pulmonary venous
connection, partial 3498
drainage, partial 3379
Anomaly
rotational 2653
types of 2668
vestibular 446
Anophthalmia 470f
Anophthalmos, congenital 469
Anorectal
agenesis 2573, 2575
anomalies 2569, 2570t, 2572, 2575
stenosis 2574
Anorexia 1521, 1582
Anosmia 818
ipsilateral 818
Anosognosia 827
Anson-Spetzler morphologic classification 775t
Antegrade ureterogram, role of 2232
Anterior abdominal wall 879f, 2202f, 2595f
hematomas 1879
Antibody
antilactoferrin 1721
antimitochondrial 1896
antinuclear 1721, 1896
Anticancer drugs, transarterial administration of 1607
Anticoagulant therapy 142, 838
Anticonvulsant therapy 3687
Antigen, carcinoembryonic 1239, 1401, 1584, 1721
Antihelminthic therapy 3063f
Antihypertensive drugs 3417
Anti-inflammatory drugs 1317
Anti-neoplastic drugs 1550
Antiplatelet 1254
resistance 1254
Antiretroviral therapy 3114
Antiscatter grids 1065, 1205
Anti-smooth muscle antibody 1721, 1896
Anti-tubercular therapy 3421f
Antral lesion, transpyloric extension of 1342
Antrum, right 500f
Anxiety 1153
Aorta 2265, 2268, 3372, 3433
arch of 3446, 3448f, 3479f
ascending 3028f, 3030, 3446, 3447
atherosclerotic complete occlusion of 3482f
coarctation of 3377, 3383f, 3453, 3455f, 3457fc
complete occlusion of 3481
descending 3024f, 3028f, 3446, 3470
diameter of 3448
dissection of 3473fc
evaluation of 3008
extensive atherosclerotic involvement of 3507f
imaging of 3446
interventions of 3446
large 3378, 3379
major branches of 3450f
measurement of 3448
midline descending 2528
normal 3378, 3388
postoperative 3482
poststenotic dilatation of ascending 3430f
segmentation anatomy of 3446, 3447f
severe coarctation of 3377
sign, draped 1776
small 3380
Aortic aneurysm 1776, 2268, 3182, 3456, 3461f
congenital 3453
inflammatory 3462f
infrarenal abdominal 3466f
large thoracic 3459f
management of 3464
repair 1876f
Aortic arch 3022, 3030, 3163, 3447, 3470
aneurysms of 3383
anomalies 3453
injury 3289f
interrupted 3456
position of 3242
Aortic atresia 3453
Aortic bifurcation, level of 2266f
Aortic coarctation 3454f
management of 3455
Aortic cobweb 3469
Aortic contour, blurring of 3288
Aortic disease
acquired 3456
atheromatous 3481f
Aortic dissection 1765, 2270, 3182, 3288, 3439, 3465, 3467t, 3471b
Aortic injury 3280, 3288b
grading of 3478
Aortic obstruction 3454
Aortic occlusion, spontaneous 1776
Aortic outflow tract 3028f
Aortic recess
inferior 3432, 3433
superior 3433
Aortic regurgitation 3424, 3475
Aortic root 3024f
angiogram 3430f
Aortic sinus, superior 3432
Aortic stenosis 3383f, 3424, 3453
juxtadiaphgramatic 2444f
Aortic surgery 1479
Aortic syndrome
acute 3464
middle 2163, 2174
Aortic tortuosity 3352
Aortic trauma 3478
Aortic ulcer, penetrating 3474
Aortic valve 3430f
bicuspid 3428f, 3430f
planimetric measurement of 3428f
Aortic valvular
disease 3424
stenosis 3428f
Aortitis 3453, 3475
Aortoarteritis 136, 3463f
nonspecific 2163, 2173
Aortogram 3466f
Aortography 3469, 3480
Aorto-iliac system, occlusion of 3481
Aplasia 2532
cochlear 445
cutis 2778
Apoptosis 316
Apparent diffusion coefficient 499, 1009, 1010, 3547, 3753, 3881, 3888, 3890
Appendagitis, acute epiploic 1778, 1779, 1820
Appendiceal
defects, postoperative 1496
intussusception, primary 1495
Appendicitis 1490f, 1768
suppurative 1488f
diagnostic of 1768
differential diagnosis of 1486t
suppurative 1487f
Appendicoliths 1483f, 1484, 1487, 1768, 1769
Appendicular trauma, radiological evaluation of 3902
Appendix 1482
mucocele of 1495, 1496f
rupture of 1485
tuberculosis of 1495
tumor of 1497
variable positions of 1483f
Apraxia 827
constructional 827
dressing 827
ideational 827
ideomotor 827
Arachnoid cyst
intradiploic 9
left temporoparietal 8f
Arch, coracoacromial 3851
Arcuate uterus 2334
Argentaffin 1373
Argyrophil silver staining techniques 1373
Arnold-Chiari malformation 673
Arrhythmia 3409
Artefact, parallel imaging 1005
Arterial aneurysm, peripheral 3508
Arterial disease, peripheral 3508
Arterial dissection 136
Arterial embolization 1601
Arterial fibrodysplasia 1866
Arterial hematogenous route 3645
Arterial infarcts 836
Arterial input function 3015
Arterial obstruction 1453
Arterial occlusive ischemia 1457
Arterial phase 1128, 1129
acquisition important 1718
Arterial puncture 45f
Arterial rupture 3517
postangioplasty complication of 3518f
Arterial sheath, placement of 45f
Arterial spin labeling 69, 315, 1025, 1030, 2171
measurements 1032
pseudo-continuous 1032
Arterial vascular calcification 1987
Arterial waveforms, supratesticular 1957
Arterialportal shunting 1573
Arterioportal shunt 1573, 1575, 1580, 1592
occlusion of 1916, 1917f
Arteriosclerosis 297
Arteriosclerotic aortic aneurysms, rupture of 1479
Arteriovenous fistulae, extradural 775
Arteriovenous malformation 5, 17, 58, 142, 320, 423, 426f, 541, 648, 650f, 678, 774, 818, 839, 842, 1473, 1479, 2435, 3205, 3209, 3569, 3570f, 3932
Arteriovenous malformation 687t
endovascular management of 179
Arteritis 531, 833, 3375, 3508
Artery
aneurysm 147f, 152f
anterior choroidal 48f
anterior medullary 3346
basilar 49
callosomarginal 47
central anastomotic 3481
common bronchial 3346f
dilated central pulmonary 3495f
disease, peripheral 1105
distal, segment of 1707
ectopic bronchial 3352
enlarged radiculomedullary 782f
enters choroidal fissure 48f
femoral 140
frontopolar 47
gastroduodenal 1294, 1294f, 1471f, 1602, 1703
hypertrophied
bronchial 3343f, 3344f, 3496f
left bronchial 3346f
inferior phrenic 3345, 3349
innominate 3471
intercostal 1091f, 3349
intrapericardial pulmonary 3163
intratesticular 1957
lenticulostriate 48
major 49f
of Adamkiewicz 3346
orbitofrontal 47
puncture 44
status of 1746
Arthritic disorders 671
Arthritides 3873
juvenile idiopathic 3635
Arthritis 3558, 3627, 3843, 3864
advanced 2813
degenerative 3674f, 3679f
enteropathic 3626
infective 3865, 3893f
inflammatory 3549
juvenile idiopathic 3635
mutilans 3640
post-traumatic 3908
seronegative chronic 3635
stage of advanced 3581, 3583
Arthrofibrosis 3817
Arthrography 2799
Arthropathy
crystal deposition 3641
deferiprone-induced 3808, 3809f
hemophilic 3808f
Articular cartilage 2813
imaging of 3543
injury 3802
postoperative 3818
Artifacts, ultrasound image 869
Aryepiglottic
folds 2522
tumor, right 602f
Arytenoids cartilages, sclerosis of 599f
Asbestosis 3042, 3068, 3129, 3144, 3310
pseudotumor 3310
Ascites 903, 1339, 1521, 1734, 1808, 1905, 3441
amount of 1824, 1825, 1832
causes of 1809t
development of 1922
echogenic 1835
small amount of 1816
Ascitic fluid 1835
Asian optic 288
Askin tumor 2848f, 3766
Aspergilloma 3080, 3101, 3102f, 3195f, 3342, 3343f
Aspergillosis 236, 2502, 2923, 3100, 3248, 3335, 3649, 3655
allergic 3101
allergic bronchopulmonary 2540f, 3059, 3059f, 3067, 3100, 3102f, 3260, 3264, 3264f
intracranial 2925f
invasive 3193
Aspergillus 236, 834, 3080, 3100, 3116, 3121, 3655
fumigatus 1855
infection 3101, 3122
inhalation 3102
vertebral infections 3655
Aspiration 3052, 3058, 3063
bronchiolitis 3265
pneumonia 3089, 3090, 3090f, 3129, 3271f
pneumonitis 3058f, 3271, 3281, 3282f
Aspirin 1254
Asplenia 1851
Asthma 2539, 2539f, 3266, 3312
Astroblastoma 843
Astrocytoma 17, 96, 96f, 100f, 414, 415, 418f, 427, 751, 754, 754f, 965f
anaplastic 334, 336f, 843
diffuse 333, 335f, 336f, 843
gemistocytic 843
Atelectasis 1799, 3036, 3270, 3270f, 3282, 3282f
lobar 3037
Atheroembolism 3508
Atherosclerosis 1263, 2162, 3453, 3480, 3508, 3922
Atherosclerotic
disease 2172
stenosis 2171f
vascular disease 135
vessel disease 137
Atlanta classification 1692fc
revised 1691, 1692, 1709
Atlantal clefts 748
Atlanto temporomandibular index 664
Atlantoaxial dislocation 664
Atlantoaxial fusion 663
Atlantoaxial injuries 739
Atlantoaxial instability 663, 670
Atlantoaxial joint 663f
Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation, spontaneous 663
Atlantoaxial subluxation 3630
Atlanto-occipital joint 663f
Atlantopalatine angle 664
Atlas 660
arch
anomalies 666
aplasia of 663
fracture of 739
malformation of 663
vertebra, level of 969f
Atom Bomb Casualty Commission 1193
Atomic Energy Regulatory Board 1186, 1199, 1202
Atraumatic splenic rupture, causes of 1858
Atresia
bronchial 2531, 3205
colonic 2563
esophageal 2482, 2529f, 2544, 2546f, 2548f, 2578f
jejunoileal 2557
Atrial enlargement, unilateral 3441
Atrial isomerism syndrome 1851
Atrial septal
aneurysm 3412, 3418
defect 3378
Atrophic adrenal glands, bilateral 2250f
Atrophy
denervation 516
ipsilateral 322f
Audible pulsations 786
Auditory agnosia 827
Auditory canal, external 442f, 449f, 459f, 3869f
Auerbach's plexus 1310
Automated exposure control 1072, 1092, 1188, 1212
Automatic tube current modulation 3012
Autonephrectomy 2036f
Autotopagnosia 827
Avian influenza 3099
Axilla, management of 3984
Axillary lymph nodes
abnormal 3949
ultrasound of 4009f
Axis, fracture of 740
Axonal injury, diffuse 705, 747, 2470f
Axonotmesis 77
Azathioprine 1691
Azimuthal resolution 873
Azygos
arch-aortopulmonary window level 3022, 3023f
vein 3023f, 3028f
B
Baastrup's disease 796f
Baastrup's phenomenon 3668
Babcock's triangle 3583
Babinski sign 824
Bacillus 3588
tuberculous 1565
Back pain 785, 786, 3120f, 3352
acute nonspecific 785
chronic 785
low 785
Backache 3559f
low 785
Bacteria 3090, 3595
lack of 1356
Bacterial endocarditis, subacute 153f, 835
Bacterial infections 212, 2905, 3059, 3091, 3117
Bacterial nephritis, acute focal 2052, 2675
Bacteroides 3094
Baker's cyst 3804f
Balanced fast field echo 3017
Balanced steady state
free precession 3016, 3732
gradient-echo pulse sequence 3731
Ball on spoon appearance 2805f
Ball pyelogram 2211f
Balloon angioplasty 1630, 1637, 1914f, 3457, 3478f, 3513, 3513f
of aortic coarctation 3455f
of coarctation 3455f
of stenosed segment 3478f
transluminal 175, 1250
Balloon-assisted coiling 167, 168f
Balloon catheter 1103, 3515f
size of 1920
Balloon dilatation 1642f, 1688f
percutaneous 1640
Balloon enteroscopy 1364
Balloon expandable stents 3516
Balloon membranotomy 1636
Balloon occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration 1480
Balloon tamponade 1916
Balloon test occlusion 205f
Balo's concentric sclerosis 286
Balthazar graded acute pancreatitis 1699
Bankart fracture 3860
Bankart lesion 3860, 3860f
Barcelona clinic liver cancer 1531fc
staging
criteria 1618
system 1579f, 1596fc
Barcode sign 3314, 3315f
Bare area sign 3302, 3329
Bariatric surgery 1884
Barium 924, 1409
column, lumen of 1305
advantage of 1404
complications of 1404
examination 1495
enteroclysis 1389f
examination features 1464
filled appendix 1483
impaction 1404
procedures 1279t
swallow 1299, 1306f, 1310, 1324f, 2520, 2582
depicts 1311f
normal 1277f
spot 1313f
study 1321, 1324f, 1325f
Barotrauma 3273
Barrett's esophagus 1298, 1304, 1313, 1322
Barrett's metaplasia, detection of 1303
Barrow ruptured aneurysm trial 174
Barton's fracture 3911
Bartonella 1565
Basal angle 664
Basal atelectasis 1812
Basal cell cancer 464
Basal exudates 2909
Basal ganglia 20, 41, 238, 822, 2827f, 2878f, 2881f
bilateral 248f
calcification 14
level of 36f
region, right 839f
Basal ganglion mass 339f
Basal lung disease 3345
Basal vein of Rosenthal 49, 50
Basilar impression 666
Basilar invagination 666, 667f
Basion odontoid index 664
Bat's wing appearance 3036f
Batson's paravertebral venous system 3652
Batson's vertebral venous plexus 1402
Baum's bumps 880
Bayesian analysis 3201
Bayonet’ sign 3285
B-cell lymphoma 1392
diffuse large 846, 1384, 1389, 1391, 3217
intravascular large 846
small 1836
Beak sign 2276f, 3469
Beam collimation 1204
Beam equalization radiography 2989, 2990
Beam width artifact 870, 877, 877f
Bedford's sign 3424
Beger's procedure 1889
Behçet's disease 299, 300, 3342, 3497, 3508
Behçet's syndrome 3457
Bell's phenomenon 821
Bellini duct carcinoma 2103
Below knee 3513
Benedict's syndrome 820
Bennet's fracture 3912
Benzodiazepine 308
Berdon's syndrome 2560
Berylliosis 3042, 3699
Bezoars 2587
Biceps jerk 824
Biceps labral complex 3851
Biceps tendon 38523854
abnormalities of 3863
complete rupture of 3863f
Bicommissural plane 19
Bile acid binding resins 3721
Bile duct
adenoma 1536
cistal common 1659
dilatation, segmental 1671
disorders 1669
epithelium 1536
intrahepatic 1649f
lesions 1569
lower common 1722f
malignant neoplasms of 1675
necrosis 1603
paucity 2641
significant common 1655
Bile reflux disease 1336
Biliary anastomosis 1620, 1890
Biliary anatomy 1620
Biliary atresia 2622, 2624f, 2625, 2626f, 2627f, 3687
evaluation of 2625
splenic malformation syndrome 2624
Biliary calculi 1765
Biliary cirrhosis, primary 1520, 1659, 3721
Biliary communication 1560, 1585
Biliary complications 1793
types of 1624
Biliary cystadenocarcinoma 1584, 1585f, 1671
Biliary cystadenoma 1536, 1539, 1540f
Biliary dilatation 1581
proximal 1672f
Biliary drainage 1678, 1679
complications of 1685
external 1681f
Biliary duct 1018, 1678
extrahepatic 1655
hamartomas 1539
Biliary fistula 1654
Biliary hamartomas 1539
Biliary inflammatory disorders, gamut of 1662
Biliary injury 1887, 1888
Biliary intervention 1678, 2450
Biliary malignancies, proximal 1673
Biliary obstruction 1722, 1888
Biliary radicles
dilatation of 1583f
isolation of 1683f
secondary 1672
Biliary rhabdomyosarcoma 2604f
Biliary stent 1106, 1683, 1685f
Biliary stricture 1624f
benign 1678, 1688f
Biliary system 1722
collapsed 2451f
extrahepatic components of 1658
intrahepatic components of 1658
Biliary tract 1791
inflammation of 1662
inflammatory pathologies of 1653
malignancies 1664
neoplasms 2644
obstruction 1913
Biliary tree 1624, 1664
inflammatory conditions of 1654
malignant pathologies of 1664
Biliary ultrasonography 1678
Biliopancreatic diversion 1884
Biloma 1564, 1623, 1793
Binswanger's disease 297, 298f
Biomicroscopy, ultrasound 463
Biopsy 2109, 2290
endocervical 1960
surgical 3994
technique 3356
vacuum-assisted 3995
Biplanar fixed C-arm system 1095f
Bipolar single electrode 1599f
Bipolar system 1599
BIRADS density categories 3 and 4 1073
Bird cage
coil 984
resonator 985f
Bird flu 3099
Bird's beak appearance 3629
Birth asphyxia 100, 2900f
Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome 3068, 3157, 3159, 3160f
Bismuth classification 1647
Bismuth-Corlette classification, modified 1672
Bismuth-Corlette system 1672
modified 1672
Bisphosphonates 3896
Bitemporal field defects 818
Bizarre infections 3623
Black blood 3428
imaging 3451
Black bronchus sign 3062
Bladder 1195, 1199, 1212
calculus 2118f
cancer, primary 2021f
diverticulae 2666
duplication 2666f
exstrophy of 2121f, 2665, 2666f
injury 1797
necessitates, examination of 1952
neoplasms 1980
trauma 2233
iatrogenic 2235
management of 2235
penetrating 2234
Blalock-Taussig shunt 3375, 3454
Bland vascular embolization 1607
Blastomyces dermatitidis 3656
Blastomycosis 3606, 3649, 3655, 3656
Bleeding 687
gastric varices 1913
management of 1916
postoperative 1878
risk of 1904
Blind pouch syndrome 1885
Blind spot 3482
Blood
appearance of 842
borne pathogens 3649
brain barrier 361
cerebrospinal fluid 211
clot 3255, 3258f
components, stages of 2836f
dyscrasias 142
flow 887, 942, 944, 956, 959, 3598
cephalization of 3375
high-tumor 971f
total 76
oxygen level dependent 66, 113, 148, 697
pool 1146
pressure 3471
stasis of 1038f
supply, reduced 1454
vessels 1889
volume 942, 944, 956, 959
Blowout fracture 480f, 727f
Blowout metastases 3774
Bluish purple lesions 1540
Blunt abdominal trauma 1782, 1786
nonsurgical management of 1782
Blunt aortic injuries 3478
Blunt liver trauma, evaluation of 1792
Blunt renal trauma 1986
Blunt trauma 2233, 3922
abdomen 1456f
chest 2460
Blunt urethral trauma 2235
Bochdalek hernia 2483f, 3185f, 3330, 3330f, 3331f
Bolande's tumor 2692
Bold technique, limitations of 114
Bolus dispersion 1026, 1028
Bone 881, 3922
absence of 10f
actinomycosis of 3602
apposition, subperiosteal 3628
benign 2829
biopsy needle 3578f
collagen synthesis 3722
cortical thinning of 3695f
cyst 2835f, 3746f
densitometry techniques 3726t
density 3626, 3713
loss of 653f
destruction 3534, 3919
four patterns of 3615
geographic 3525, 3737
pattern of 613, 3525, 3525f, 3526f
dysplasias 14, 3562
formation, reactive 3626
forming tumors 3736, 3737, 3750
fragments 3904f
hypertrophy 179
imaging, high-resolution 3731
infarction 3535, 3898
infections, nontubercular 3595
infiltration 3919
integrity 738
island 3535
lacrimal 722
leprosy of 3602
lesions
computed tomography grading system of 3535f
focal 3523
loss of 3629
lymphosarcoma of 3750
marrow 1507, 3721, 3882, 3895
abnormalities of knee 3808
active 1195
disorders, imaging of 3884
evaluation of 3646
focal disorders of 3897
involvement 613
necrosis 3886
normal 3877, 3884
transplantation 3897
mass 3924f
metastases 3016, 3987f, 4015, 4016f
mineral
analysis 3723
density 1220, 3725, 3725t
neoplasms 3814
resorption 3697
intracortical 3698
scan, isotope 788
scintigraphy 3553, 3775
sclerosis 3651, 3908f
soft 3693
subtraction 936f
surfaces 1195
tuberculosis of 3580, 3583, 3588, 3590, 3591
tumor 2843, 3524t, 3567
benign 3736, 3736t
malignant 2844, 2845, 3548f, 3750
pediatric 2843t
percutaneous ablation of 3577
primary malignant 2843t, 2845t, 3750, 3750t
staging of 3751
turnover 3696
vascular tumors of 3769
Bony acetabulum 2806f
Bony deformities 3694
Bony iliac interface, straight 2806f
Bony injury 748f
absence of 3903
presence of 3903
Bony sclerosis 3604f
Bony spina bifida, posterior 2789
Boogard's angle 664
Boogard's line 664
Borrelia burgdorferi 297
Boutonnière deformity 3629
Bowel carcinoids, males for small 1373
Bowel disease
inflammatory 1293, 1437, 1479, 1501, 1659, 1817, 1935, 2217, 3721
ischemic 1451, 1453, 1453t
Bowel gases 1714
Bowel involvement, secondary small 1395f
Bowel ischemia 1451, 1453t, 1775
Bowel loops
collapsed 1439
small and large 1767
visualization of 1799
Bowel masses, malignant small 2589
Bowel motility, abnormal 1443
Bowel necrosis 1703f
Bowel neoplasms, evaluation of 1293
Bowel obstruction
diagnosis of 1773
setting of small 1774
Bowel perforation 1774
Bowel tumors, number of small 1363
Bowel wall
abnormal 1797
characteristics 1284
contrast enhancement 1439
damage, degree of 1775
discontinuity 1797
stenosis of 1442
thickening 1429, 1439, 1798
Bowel within bowel appearance 1773
Bow-tie sign 3785, 3787f
Boxer's fracture 3912
Brachial artery 3574f
Brachial plexus schwannomas 533
Brachiocephalic artery 3023f, 3028f
Brachiocephalic vein
right 3023f, 3023f, 3028f
Brachytherapy
high-dose rate intraluminal 1687
intraluminal 1687f
Bradycardia 1155
Brain 123f, 287, 880, 1014
abscess 220f, 835, 2907, 2908f
anomalies, congenital 2853, 2853t, 2887
around optic chiasm 834f
arteriovenous malformation 179, 181
classification of 181
components of 180
grading of 181
primary classification of 179t
atrophy of 276
base of 830
death 1624
eating worm 251
examination of 830
pediatric 831
from skull, removal of 829
function, patterns of 119
herniation 712
types of 713f
inflammatory diseases of 2905
injury
deep 709
post-traumatic 2471f
traumatic 693
laceration 709
lesions 288
destructive 2891
metabolic disorders of 2947
normal
anatomy of 19, 20
myelination of 2947
parenchyma 226f, 262t, 366f, 613, 618f
herniation of 624f, 716f
perfusion alterations, regional 695f
postmortem examination of 839
slicing of 830
tumor 84, 95, 99t, 963
classification of 334t
pediatric 2928
primary 142
supratentorial 333
Brainstem 22, 27, 186, 214f, 289f, 357, 367, 819, 822
compressing 164f
divisions 24f
encephalitis 289f
glioma 367, 437, 2931
dorsally exophytic 2933f
Branchial cleft anomalies 539
Branching dense tubular structures 3261
Breast 898, 1016, 1195, 3205, 3990
abscess 3975f
adjoining normal 899f
anatomy 3943f
augmented 3954
benign of 3969
biopsy 3994, 3997
complications of 4002
techniques 3994
ultrasound guided 3998
advanced 3985
clinical evidence of 3951
diagnosis of 3977
imaging 3959, 3979
inflammatory 3985, 3986f, 4015f
invasive 3980
locally advanced 3985, 3986, 4019
management of 4012
mutlicentric 3984f
premenopausal 3951
screening 3977
staging of 3982, 3983t
treatment of 3982
triple negative 3982
carcinoma 967f, 1136f, 1669, 1831, 3412
conditions, miscellaneous benign 3972
conservation
surgery 3982
therapy 3984
contralateral 1232f
core needle biopsy of 3995f
cyst 3971f
density 3943, 3943t
edema 3948
fibroadenoma 882f, 891f
health global initiative 3979
imaging 1135, 3965
post-treatment 3988
preoperative 3982
reporting and data system 3943
implant 3975, 3976f
infections 3974
inferior aspect of 3990f
inflammation 3954
interventions 3994
miscellaneous 4007
lesions 3953, 3954t
imaging of 3940
preinvasive 3979
lump 3951, 3954
malignant lesions of 3969, 3976
masses
benign 1136f
characterization of 1135
elastographic appearances of 900
parenchymal density 3944f
specific gamma imaging 3966
tissue 3942f, 3943
obscured 3965
tuberculosis 3975, 3976f
ultrasound 3953, 3954t
Breath hold abdominal imaging, single 1051
Brenner's tumor 2078
malignant 2078
Bridging therapy 1253
British Medical Journal Evidence-Based Medicine 1176
Broadband ultrasound attenuation 3730
Broca's aphasia 826
Broca's area 327f
Brodie's abscess 3525, 3526f, 3598, 3599f
Bronchial artery 1091f, 3345, 3349
abnormal 3346f, 3348f
embolization 3341, 3349fc
Bronchial atresia, congenital 3262, 3263f
Bronchial dilatation 3066, 3261
Bronchial diverticula 3257, 3259f
Bronchial tree 3348
Bronchial wall 3287
shadows 3043
thickening 3016, 3129, 3131f, 3261, 3265
Bronchiectasis 2538, 2539f, 3016, 3065, 3066, 3079f, 3106, 3115f, 3157, 3259, 3261t, 3266, 3342, 3343f
bilateral 3343f
cylindrical 3260f
upper lobe 3067
central 3059f, 3067
CT signs of 3261f
cylindrical 3066, 3066f
cystic 3043f, 3066
distribution of 3067t
later traction 3129
mild-traction 3134f
pattern of 3067t
severe 3261
types of 3066, 3260, 3260f, 3260t
Bronchiolar impaction 3057f
Bronchiolitis 2536, 3264, 3265
chronic 2537f
coexisting constrictive 3261
constrictive 2537, 3071, 3072f, 3264, 3265
fibrotic 3264
follicular 2538, 3052, 3058, 3071, 3265
infectious 3265, 3265f
inflammatory 3264, 3265b
obliterans 2537, 3125
organizing pneumonia 3125, 3143
obliterative 3059, 3265, 3266b, 3266f
Bronchitis 3342
Bronchoalveolar lavage 3109, 3114, 3115f, 3119f, 3121f, 3122f, 3124, 3152
Broncholith 3252f
Broncholithiasis 3247, 3252
Bronchomalacia 3248f
Bronchopleural fistula 3079f, 3307, 3308f
Bronchopneumonia 3052, 3057f, 3058, 3085, 3086f, 3087f, 3109
Bronchopulmonary segments 2996, 2997f
Bronchoscopy 3226
fiberoptic 3114, 3202, 3343
virtual 3009, 3245
Bronchospasm 1154
Bronchus
epiarterial 3384
intermedius 3246f, 3258f
narrowing of 3248f
sign, positive 3196
Bronze diabetes 1508
Brown tumor 3700, 3701f, 3702, 3736, 3748f
Brucella infection 3654
Brucellosis 3623, 3649, 3654
Bruit 687
Brunner's gland adenomas 1356, 1357
Bruton's disease 3271f, 3508
Buccal mucosa 586, 587
carcinoma of 590f
right 590f
Buccal space 512, 529
Bucket handle tear 3786f, 3787f
Budd-Chiari syndrome 1580, 1628, 1630, 1632, 1634, 1635, 1640f, 1809, 1912, 1913
management of 1636
Buford complex 3863
Bulging fissure 3095f
Bulky heterogeneous mass 524f
Bulky homogeneous masses 1834
Bull's angle 664
Bull's eye lesion 1349f
Bullosa, epidermolysis 3721
Burkitt's lymphoma 1384, 1388, 1390f, 1836, 1837f, 2105f
endemic 1389
Bursae 3842, 3852, 3926
Bursitis, calcific 3922
Burst fracture 739, 743, 743f, 743f
C
Cadaver liver transplant 1531
Café-au-lait spots 504
Cajal, interstitial cells of 1320
Calcaneum, fracture of 3915
Calcarine fissure 36f
Calcification 3045, 3193, 3220
depiction of 613
Calcinosis 1659, 3922
circumscripta 3922, 3923
Calcium 924, 3699
channel antagonists 175
intestinal absorption of 3696
ionized 3686
metabolism, regulation of 3698f
oxalate
dihydrate 930
monohydrate 930
phosphorus
homeostasis 3691
metabolism 2768
pyrophosphate deposition disease 671, 3922
pyrophosphate dihydrate 3676, 3702
crystal deposition disease 3642
deposition 3843
tubular resorption of 3696
Calculi, appendiceal 1484
Caldwell view 4, 7, 482
Caliber needle, minimal 1866
Callososeptal interface 272, 278f
Calvarial metastases 354
Calyceal injury, upper 2228f
Cambridge classification 1713
Campylobacter jejuni 1384
Canadian C-spine rule high-risk criteria 735t
Canavan disease 2963, 2963f, 2964f
Cancer
antigen 1721
endometrial 2365
esophageal 1327, 1328, 1338
extent of 2134
history of 785
infiltrative 1340
pancreatic 1718
screening 1527
stomach, staging of 1327
Candida 236, 834, 3100, 3116, 3121, 3122
albicans 239, 1855, 3656
esophagitis 1314, 1315, 1315f
infection 3656
pseudohyphae of 835f
Candidiasis 239, 241f, 3649, 3656
Cantlie's line 1616
Capsule endoscopy 1364
Capsulitis, adhesive 3864
Caput medusae 1521
Carbohydrate antigen 1372
Carbon 924
dioxide 1875
angiography 1471
materials, use of 2414
monoxide poisoning 307
Carboxylic acid 1144
Carcinoembryonic antigen, level of 1758
Carcinogenesis 1197
Carcinoid 1335, 1376t, 1497, 3205, 3382
adenocarcinoma, mixed 1363
bronchial 3206f
heart syndrome 1373
jejunal 1373
syndrome 1373
atypical 3217
typical 3217
Carcinoma 413, 414, 1299, 1310, 1408, 1429, 3163, 3205, 3342
adenosquamous 1735, 3217
adrenal 2245f, 2257, 2258f, 2259f
ampullary 1675f
ascending colon 1875
borderline epithelial 2370
breast 574f, 3020f, 3555f, 3896f
bronchioloalveolar 3193, 3205
bronchoalveolar 3035, 3068
bronchogenic 812f, 2255f, 3192f, 3197f, 3202f, 3203f, 3206f
cervix 2085f
cloacogenic 1418
clottic 601, 602f
colorectal 956, 1401
cystic papillary 569f
embryonal 847
endometrial 2363f
endometrioid 2082
endometrium 2082
epithelial
myoepithelial 3217
ovarian 2365
esophageal 1314, 13211323
follicular 570
gallbladder 506f, 1290f, 1881f
heterogeneous thymic 3169
in situ 1753, 3226
intracystic papillary 3982f
invasive
bronchoalveolar 3224f
lobular 3980
large cell 3217, 3224
larynx 544f
lower alveolus 652f
lung 2149f, 3775f
lymphangitic spread of 3042
lymphoepithelioma like 3217
pancreas 1721
pancreatic 1737f
periampullary 1664
prostate 2135f, 3774f, 3775f, 3890f
rectum 2597f
spread of 3055
stomach 1344f
thyroid 422f
types of 1326
Carcinomatosis
lymphangitis 3053, 3054f, 3108, 3227, 3229f
mucinous 1836
Carcinosarcoma 3217
Cardia 1301
Cardiac bronchus 3245, 3246f
Cardiac catheterization 3384, 3431
Cardiac disease 3369
Cardiac failure 687, 1912
congestive 1912, 3108
Cardiac injury 3288
Cardiac magnetic resonance 3386
imaging 3423, 3427
Cardiac masses
classification of 3412t
imaging evaluation of 3409
Cardiac shape 3370
Cardiac signs 3493
Cardiac surgery 3439
Cardiac tamponade 1809, 3439, 3439b, 3470
Cardiac tumors 3383, 3384
Cardiac volume 3371
Cardiomyopathy
dilated 3381, 3403, 3403f
hypertrophic 3403, 3403f, 3405
restrictive 3403, 3441
Cardiopulmonary disease, severe 1615
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging 3388
Caries sicca 3587
Carina 3163
widening of 3371f
Carious first molar tooth 642f
Carman-Kirklin meniscus sign 1339
Carney's complex 3412
Carney's triad 1377
Carney-Stratakis syndrome 1377
Caroli's disease 1669, 2612, 2635, 2636f
Caroticocavernous fistula, traumatic 479f
Carotid
angiogram, right internal 49f
artery 79f, 515f, 531, 557f, 608f
common 46, 199, 562, 563, 566f, 3448f, 3471
external 195, 519, 681
left common 3023f, 3028f
left external 42
left internal 42
post-traumatic 711f
proximal internal 56f
right external 42, 684f
right internal 42, 48f, 1090f
stenosis 56
tenderness 3475
bifurcation 131f
bulb 132f
canal 442f, 746
cavernous fistula 156, 195, 407, 696f, 710, 712f
endarterectomy 137
infiltration, bilateral 500
lesion, left mid common 3475
plaque morphology 82t
sheath vessels, ipsilateral displacement of 570f
space 512, 530
lesions of 531t
stent grafts 207
ultrasound 131
vessels, encasement of 391f
Carpal bones 3632f, 3633f
ankylosis of 3630f
fracture of 3911
Carpal dislocations, single 3912
Carpet lesion 1405
Cartilage matrix 3529
Cartilage space 3678
narrowing 3626
Castleman's disease 546, 1821, 2273f
Cataract formation 1197
Catheter 43f, 1100, 1101
angiogram image 3385f
angiography 132, 3452, 3464
in situ 1233f
parts of 1100, 1100f
technique 2737f
Cathode ray tube 1168
Cationic trypsinogen gene, mutation of 1723
Cauda equina syndrome 739
Caudad progression 1297
Caudal agenesis 2793
Caudal migration 793f
Caudal regression syndrome 2777, 2793
Caudate lobe enlargement 1630
Caudate nucleus 26, 2887f
Cauliflower appearance 3415
Caustic injury, sequelae of 1317
Cavernoma 322f
Cavernosogram 2405f
normal 2405f
Cavernous carotid artery, encasement of 621
Cavernous sinus 50, 195, 196, 199f, 200f, 205f, 383f, 391f, 607f, 661, 823
anatomy 198f
bilateral 623f
cranial nerve 819
hemangioma 410f
invasion 392t
signs of 621
lesions 621, 625
right 199f, 391f, 617f
thrombosis 820
Cavitation 3045, 3109, 3193, 3220
Cavitatory nodules
malignant 3364f
multiple 3109
Cecal bar sign 1490
Celery stalk appearance 3602
Celiac arteriograms 1601
Celiac artery 1891
angiogram 1472f
Celiac axis 1294
origin of 3479f
Celiac disease 1821, 3721
Celiac trunk 1294, 1460, 1743
Cell
arachnoid 473
heterotopic 1536
inflammatory 1337, 1701
killing 1197
lung cancer, nonsmall 1234, 3221, 3364
migration, abnormal 316
modification 1197
proliferation, abnormal 316
tumors, malignant round 3764
Cellular
bronchiolitis 3071, 3264
debris, rapid release of 1600
organelle dysfunction 2950
schwannoma 845
Cellulitis 519, 3335, 3927f
Cementoblastoma 658, 658f
Central airway 2527, 3246
complete disruption of 3285
evaluation 3245b
obstruction, etiology of 3247t
Central canal stenosis 797
Central dot sign 2636f
Central nervous system 211, 283, 413, 817, 831, 847, 1198, 1249
disorders 1261
fungal infection of 236
infarction 223
infections 211
lymphoma, primary 351f, 352f, 423f
primary angitis of 298
WHO classification of tumors of 840, 843
Central tendon, defect of 3330
Central vasoconstriction syndrome, reversible 299, 302
Central vein sign 281
Centrilobular interstitium 3054f
Centrilobular nodules 3056, 3058, 3058f, 3059f, 3087f, 3129, 3261, 3265, 3265f, 3266, 3343f
attenuation of 3056
distribution of 3056, 3058
multiple 3131f
Centrilobular peribronchovascular nodules 3054
Cephalocele 618f
Cerebellar
abscesses 221f
artery
anterior inferior 49
posterior inferior 46, 49, 58f, 821
superior 49
astrocytoma 433
cystic 363f
cistern, superior 374f
dysgenesis 2923f
gangliocytoma, dysplastic 366, 367f
hemangioblastoma, fourth ventricular 434f
hemisphere
and vermis 356, 357
right 353f, 2934f
liponeurocytoma 844
metastases, multiple 757f
nuclei 186
nystagmus 820
peduncle 186
inferior 2949f
middle 26, 26f, 40, 2949f
superior 40
pilocytic astrocytoma 361
tonsils 36f
Cerebellopontine angle 357, 368, 374
Cerebellum 26, 26t, 31, 306f, 713f, 831, 874
Cerebral
abscess 222f
amyloid angiopathy 271, 297, 298, 838
aneurysm 162
angiographic anatomy 46
angiography 145, 1041
conventional 143
normal 42
technique 42
arterial infarction 833
artery
anterior 47, 48, 837
Doppler 2882
middle 47, 48, 148, 218, 263, 830, 837
posterior 49, 185f, 837
right middle 60f
astrocytoma 2934
atrophy, diffuse 277f
autosomal dominant arteriopathy 298
berry aneurysms 3454
blood
flow 60f, 114, 122t, 127, 128f, 130, 945, 1025
volume 59, 60f, 76, 128f, 1025
cisterns 713
concentration, normal 91
contusion 708f
edema 2877f
diffuse 713f, 2899
imaging features of 712
hemisphere 20
anatomy of 22f
bilateral 241
inferior surface of 27
lateral surface of 20
medial surface of 25
right 1015f
hemispheric pilocytic astrocytomas 339
infarction, acute 302
ischemia 122, 302
malaria 251
metastases 967f
parenchyma, normal 964f
sclerosis, diffuse 270
sinovenous thrombosis 60
sulci 713
swelling, diffuse 712
tumors 77
vasospasm 175
endovascular treatment of 175
Fisher grade of 842
veins 50
deep 50
internal 49, 50, 2888f
superior 49
venous
infarcts 838
system 1041f, 1044f
Cerebritis 216, 219f
focal tuberculous 234
Cerebrospinal fluid 19, 24f, 143, 165, 283, 412, 463, 614, 693, 723, 831, 714
leak 617
otorrhea 714
rhinorrhea 619f, 714
Cerebrovascular calcinosis, idiopathic familial 17
Cerebrovascular disease 836
Cervical
artery, deep 776f
arthritis 822
canal, upper 2931f
cancer 906, 2360
carcinoma 3774
invasive 2084
chain, transverse 542
elastography 905
esophagus 1330
factor 2312
fascia, deep 510, 511, 511f
superficial 510
fascial layers 510fc
group, anterior 542
intramedullary ependymoma 752f, 753f
lordosis 3615f
reversal of 1307
lymph nodes 586, 603
classification 604t
enlarged 588f
hypoechoic 605f
metastasis 822
lymphadenopathy 542, 605, 605f
myelocystocele 2777
nerve roots 533
nodal mass 608f
osteophytes 1331
enlarged 1331
rib 3334
space
anterior 512, 537
posterior 512, 537
spinal cord 305f, 370f, 745f
spine 62f, 674f, 2470, 3622f, 3668f
injury 738
lower 741
types of 2471
upper 738
pediatric 2470
subluxation 746
tuberculosis of 3622f
trauma 61
vertebra, anterior wedging of 748
webs 1306
Cervicodorsal spine 287f, 3619f
Cervicomedullary junction 367, 667f
Cervicothoracic sign 3048
Cervix 1961
carcinoma of 2219f, 2358, 2359f2361f
retention cysts of 1961
staging of carcinoma of 2359t
Cesium iodide 919, 1062, 1083
crystals 1083f
Chamber of heart, posterior 3024f
Chamberlain's line 664
Chance fracture 743
Charge-couple devices 1058, 1083, 1071, 1085, 1217
detector technology 1218
Chauffeur's fracture 3911
Chemical
ablation, technique of 1597
shift
artefact 1002f, 1288
displacement effects 109
imaging 93
ventriculitis 2897f
Chemoembolization 1601
Chemotherapy 307, 1136, 3896, 4016
concurrent 956
hyperthermic intraperitoneal 1824
intra-arterial 3572, 3575f
Chemotoxic reactions 1155
Chest 1195, 1765, 2418
lordotic view of 2994f
masses 2507
acute 3393f
consist of 1318
findings 3221
posteroanterior 3443f
radiography 2989, 3049, 3140, 3147, 3217, 3486, 3487, 3493
conventional 2989
scanogram 3312f
skiagram 1404, 3313f
sonography of 2999, 3002
trauma 2460
penetrating 2465, 3312
tube 3276
ultrasound 3294f, 3309f
wall 3333
infections 2517
injury of 2462, 3290
invasion 3109, 3227, 3228f, 3339
involvement 3976f
masses 2517, 2518
tuberculosis 3336f
tumors of 3336
X-ray 3316f
conventional 3454
evaluation 3369
normal 2992f
Chiari malformation 676
Child's classification 1512
Child-Pugh classification 1522t
Chinese hat artifacts 878
Chirp pulse 891f
Chlamydia pneumonia 3090, 3097
Chlamydophila pneumoniae 3095, 3097
Choanal atresia 2524
Cholangiocarcinoma 1129, 1285, 1291, 1583, 1583f, 1645, 1651, 1658, 16691671, 1671f
diagnosis of 1658, 1671
distal 1672
hilar 1669, 1671
incidence of 1669
intraductal 2637f
intrahepatic 1570, 15801582, 1586, 1657, 1670, 1670f
peripheral 1671
Cholangiographic abnormalities, typical 1657
Cholangiography
direct 1650
intraoperative 1620
Cholangiopathy, ischemic 1624
Cholangioplasty 1678
Cholangitis
ascending 1658, 1658f
chemotherapy-induced 1659
eosinophilic 1661, 1662f
small 1656f
Cholecystectomy 1400, 1881f, 1888
laparoscopic 1888, 1889
Cholecystitis 1654f, 1770, 1772f
acalculous 1689
chronic 1653, 1653f
emphysematous 1771
gangrenous 1768, 1770
hemorrhagic 1771
Cholecystoenteric fistula 1653, 1771
Choledochal cyst 1669, 2627, 2629f, 2630f, 2633f, 2634f
Choledocholithiasis 1289f, 1651, 2645f
obstruction 1645
Cholelithiasis 1771f
Choleperitoneum 1522
Cholestasis
canalicular 1660
causes of 2620
pathophysiology of 2619
Cholestatic diseases 1615, 3721
Cholesteatoma 451f
acquired 450
antral 452
congenital 459
external ear 448
Cholesterol granulomas 449
Choline 90, 324
Chondroblastoma 2830, 2831f, 3736, 3742, 3742f, 3847
Chondrocalcinosis 3643f, 3702
Chondroid tumors 621, 625
Chondroma 659, 846, 3205, 3217
Chondromalacia patellae 3803
Chondromyxoid fibroma 2831, 2831f, 3524, 3525, 3533, 3736, 3742, 3743f
Chondro-osseous tumors 3936
conventional 3761f, 3762f
peripheral 3761
Chopart's dislocation 3916
Chordoid
glioma 843
meningioma 845
Chordoma 399f, 663, 767, 768f, 810, 3623, 3767, 3750, 3847, 3847f
Choriocarcinoma 847, 2376f
Choroid fissure 22
Choroid plexus 225f, 2872f
anteriorly displaced 427f
carcinoma 343, 415, 417f, 844
cyst 414, 424
papilloma 342, 343f, 375, 376f, 377f, 413415, 415f, 416f, 844, 2902f, 2941f
atypical 844
tumors 334, 342, 414, 844, 848, 2941
Choroidal detachment 464
Choroidal inflammation 465
Choroidal lesion 465
Choroidal metastases 469
Christian Doppler 861
Chromogranin A 1373
Chromophobe
carcinoma 2063f
renal cell carcinoma 2063, 2066
Chromosomal aberrations 2768
Chronic pancreatitis, miscellaneous types of 1720
Chylothorax 3296
Cicatricial emphysema 3145f
Ciliary dyskinesia, primary 3262
Cine fluorography 1093
Cingulated gyrus, herniation of 838f
Circle of Willis 837f
cardiac 3441f
causes of 1520, 1520t
changes of 1523f
complications of 1526
cryptogenic 1512
diagnosis of 1519, 1522
etiology of 1530
idiopathic 1520
late changes of 1524f
leads 1898
multiple causes of 1520
natural history of 1520
of liver 1584, 1905
risk factors of 1520
severity of 1522
treatment of 1530
types of 1521
with portal hypertension 1525f
with regenerative nodule 1515f
Cisplatin 1258, 1601, 1607
Cisterna magna, giant 2890f
Clasp knife 823
Clavicle 3335
fracture 3291f
Clear cell
carcinoma 1020f
chondrosarcoma 3750, 3763
ependymoma 843
meningioma 845
renal cell carcinoma 2066
sarcoma 2694
Cleft cysts, fourth branchial 539
Cleft sign 3784
Clinically isolated syndrome 271, 289
Clip injury 3810
Clival chordoma 621, 623f
Clivus 383f
canal line 664
segmentation anomalies 663
Cloaca, internal 2569
Cloacal anomalies 2575, 2576f
Clonus 824
Clostridium 3094
difficile colitis 1780
perfringens 3907
Club sandwich sign 1813
Cluster sign 1555f, 1563
Coal worker's pneumoconiosis 3035, 3042, 3053, 3055, 3139, 3144
Coarctation 3453, 3454, 3465
gradient 3456
Coarse spider web 1632
Coats’ disease 464, 468, 468f
Coaxial system 1602
Cobb's syndrome 774, 779
Cobblestone 1315
malformation 316
Cobweb sign 3468
Cocaine 307
Coccidioides 236, 3121
immitis 240, 3103, 3655
Coccidioidomycosis 240, 2503, 3042, 3103, 3649, 3655
Coccidiosis 3606
Coccyx 1401
Cochlea, basal turn of 442f
Cockayne syndrome 2969
Coded pulse 891f
excitation 890
Codman's angles 3531f
Codman's triangle 3530, 3546f, 3755, 3755f
peripheral 3764f
Cog wheel rigidity 823
Cogan's lid twitch 819
Coil
element 983
multiple 985f
embolization 1602
migration 172, 173
proximity of 2000f
type and position 991
Cold abscesses 3927
Colitis
diversion 1886
ischemic 1479
tuberculous 959f
Collagen
content of 1827
vascular disease 1866, 3129, 3922
Collar button
appearance 767
ulcers 1445
Collar’ sign 1799, 3289, 3333f
Collateral pathways, types of 1634f
Collateral system 1452
Collecting duct 2064
carcinoma 2066, 2103
Colles’ fracture 3911, 3911f
reversed 3911
Collision tumor, adrenal 2257
Colon 1195, 3205
aganglionosis of 2564
cancer 1407f
epithelial tumors of 1418
intrathoracic herniation of 3328
Colonic ulcer 1479
Colonoscopy 1278
Color Doppler 55, 1216
examination, spectral and 882
imaging 1588, 2720,
sonography 562
Color fluid sign 3301f
Colorectal
cancer 1234, 1399, 1401, 1423
screening for 1403
staging 1417
survivors 1369
carcinoma
staging of 1282
treatment of 1403
malignancy 1407
metastasis 1590
stenting 1925, 1934
Coma data bank, traumatic 693
Comb sign 1442, 1443f, 1445, 1817
Comet tail 3212
artefacts 879, 3001f
Common carotid artery, right 3023f
Communicating artery, posterior 47, 49, 200f, 205f, 2888f
Communication system, picture archiving and 1162, 1163, 1225, 1226
Compartment syndrome 3906
Complex collateral pathways, development of 1901
Complex regional pain syndrome 3562, 3563f
Compression
elastography 895, 906
therapy 190
ultrasonography 904
Compressive myelopathy, disk related 795
Compton scattering 3723, 3724
Computed radiography 1059, 1071, 1164, 1217, 1221, 1226
system 1059
Computed tomography 3, 51, 124, 142, 271, 356, 382, 439, 463, 585, 606, 635, 694, 719, 735, 786, 913, 975, 1009, 1210, 1226, 2989, 3085, 3162, 3164, 3216, 3270, 3318, 3342, 3429, 3449, 3467, 3486, 3503, 3523, 3611, 3621, 3646, 3672, 3753, 3917, 3921
analysis of bone lesions 3534
angiogram 3353
angiography 52, 55, 143, 146, 183, 696, 1221, 3488, 3505, 3518
technique 3449
cisternography 715
colonography 1413
contrast-enhanced 412, 1134, 1696, 1783, 3494f, 3610, 3705f, 3706
coronary angiography 3397
scan parameters 3450
cystography 1784
dose index 1190, 1211
enteroclysis 1287
enterography 1287
hardware 913
high-resolution 3006, 3034, 3128, 3139, 3149, 3156, 3703
intravenous cholangiography 1648
noncontrast 665, 674
perfusion 58, 944, 944t, 946, 951, 956, 961, 963, 966
imaging 127, 510, 942
pulmonary angiography 1175, 3342, 3493
scan 198
signs 1786
technique 439, 1489
venography 59
Computer aided
detection 1075, 1170, 1217, 1220, 3012, 3951
diagnosis 1068, 1075, 1219, 3199
Computer assisted skeletal age scores 2774
Concha bullosa 486, 487f
Cone-beam
computed tomography 1224
geometry 919
Congenital anomalies 1981, 2013, 2271
miscellaneous 2383
Conglomerate lesions, multiple 231f
Connective tissue
disease 3068, 3129, 3138, 3142
disorders 1821, 3035, 3108
tumors 3736, 3744, 3750
Consumer protection Act 1271
Continuous diaphragm sign 3287
Contrast barium enema, single 1427
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound
technique of 1126
use of 1605
Contusion 465, 708f, 1788
Conus medullaris
injury 739
low 2790f
Convolution neural network 85
Cooperative Aneurysm Study Neurological Status Scales 841
Coracoacromial ligament 3851, 3853
Coracoclavicular ligament 3853
Coracohumeral ligament 3851, 3854
Coracoid process 3853, 3854
Cord
atrophy 3620f
complete 739
edema 744f, 3619f
hydrocele, encysted 2724f
sign, triangular 2625f
Core needle biopsy 3995
Corkscrew esophagus 1309f
Cornelia de Lange syndrome 2768
Cornu ammonis 22
Corona radiate 3192f, 3220f
Coronal buttress, posterior 721f
Coronal flair 282f, 292f
image 295f, 296f
Coronal multiplanar reconstruction 3286f
Coronary arteriovenous fistula 3378
Coronary artery
bypass surgery 3390
disease 1245, 1262, 3397, 3403
evaluation of 3008
imaging 3391
lesion 3475
origin, abnormal 3383
stenosis 3397
Coronary flow reserve 1263
Coronary ligament 1802, 1805
Coronary sinus 3024f
Corpora amylacea 1955, 1955f
Corpora cavernosa 1958f
Corpus callosum 31f, 273f, 274
agenesis of 2858f, 2888
dysgenesis of 2857
splenium of 2469f
Corpus luteum cyst 2342
hemorrhagic 1963f
Corrosive esophagitis 1316
Corrosive injury, sequelae of 1317
Cortical cysts, multiple small 2155f
Cortical development, malformations of 316
Cortical dysplasia, right frontal 323f
Cortical necrosis, acute 2186, 2187f
Cortical rim sign 2187f
Cortical veins, superficial 50
Corticobulbar tract 40
Corticomedullary junction 1948f
Corticospinal tract 40, 74f
Corticosteroids, prolonged use of 785
Corticothalamic tract 40
Costophrenic
angles 3299f
sulcus 1680
Cotton wool appearance 13
productive 3120f
Cowden's disease 1369, 1421
Cowdry type inclusions 836
Cowper's duct cyst 2669
Coxa vara
developmental 2823
right 2825f
Coxsackie B virus 1691
Cranial fossa
anterior 618f
left middle 8f
middle 398f, 521f
Cranial meninges 211
Cranial metastasis 2703f
Cranial nerve 383, 443f, 818, 819, 821, 822
disorders of 818
involvement 223
leptomeningeal 613
subarachnoid space 819
tumors of 334, 347, 845, 848
Cranial neuropathies 229
Cranial sonography 2886
Craniofacial bones, fibrosseous lesions of 504
Craniofacial vascular
anomalies 684
lesions
classification of 678t
endovascular management of 678
Craniolacunia 10f, 11
Craniometric lines 664t
Craniometry 663
Craniopharyngioma 17, 390, 393, 395, 414, 428, 431f, 464, 621, 624f, 847, 2938, 2938f
adamantinomatous 847
Craniosynostosis 8f, 2767
Craniovertebral junction 660, 661f, 670f
anomalies 660
ligamentous anatomy of 661f
malformations of 663
Crazy paving pattern 3153, 3154f
Creatine 90, 324
Cremasteric reflex 824
Crescentic extension, posterior 3432
Crest syndrome 3922
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease 257, 308
Criado classification 3472f
Cribriform plate 488, 614f, 619f, 722
Cricoid cartilages, sclerosis of 599f
Cricopharyngeal
bar 1305
dilatation 1306
dysfunction 1302
Cricopharyngeus muscle 1305, 1306
relaxes 1297
prominence of 1305, 1305f
Crista galli 485f, 614f
Crohn's disease 1369, 1429, 1437, 1438, 1486, 1510, 1769, 1817, 1821, 3641
montreal classification of 1438t
Cronkhite-Canada syndrome 1367, 1369, 1400, 1423
Crow feet 3212
Cruciate ligament, posterior 3782, 3791
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome 1521
Cryoablation 1595, 1598, 1600
concerns of 1600
Cryptic vascular malformations 142
Cryptococcal infection 237
Cryptococcosis 3042, 3102, 3649, 3655
Cryptococcus 3100, 3115, 3116, 3121, 3122
infection 3656
neoformans 237, 1855, 3102, 3655
Cryptorchidism 2382
Cryptosporidium parvum 1655
Crystal deposition disease 3922
Crystalline silicon 1063
Culprit arteries 3351
Curve catheters, complex 1101, 1102f
Curved planar
reconstruction 3505
reformation 1975
Curvilinear array
abdominal probe 874f
transducer 861
Curvilinear pericardial calcification 3082f
Cushing's syndrome 769, 2243, 3710, 3711, 3720, 3722
Cut-off of bronchus 3222f
Cyanoacrylates 1108
Cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor 1254
Cyclophosphamide 1391, 3068
Cyclosporine 1591
Cylindric cell papillomas 500
Cysts 495, 754, 2391, 2393f, 2902, 3971
adrenal 2257, 2260f, 2708
arachnoid 8f, 373, 374f, 402, 403f, 414, 464, 2903f, 2939, 2940f
aspiration 4007
ultrasound guided 4008f
atypical simple 2148
bilateral colobomatous 470f
bottom of 3105f
bronchogenic 2508, 2510f, 3175, 3176f, 3205, 3211f, 3436
ciliated hepatic foregut 1538
colloid 414, 425, 429f
colobomatous 470
complex 900
benign 1540
congenital 1851, 2524
cortical 2147f
degenerative 3535
dentigerous 640f, 642, 643f
developmental 476
duplication 2517, 2588f, 2594, 3163
echinococcal 1540, 1851, 1852
endometriotic 2322f
enteric duplication 2587
epithelial splenic 1851
esophageal duplication 3175, 3177f
false 1852
follicular 1777, 2341
formation 437
functional 2341
hemorrhagic 2342
imaging of 634
in right kidney, multiple simple 2146f
intraosseous 3634
leptomeningeal 9, 716, 716f
lymphoepithelial 519
multiple 346f
simple 1539
post-traumatic 3535
secondary 1851
simple 900, 3957
wall 1852
Cystadenocarcinoma 1497, 1673
Cystadenomas 1539, 2347
epididymal 2731
Cystic
adenomatoid malformation, congenital 2480, 2492, 2507, 2508f
adventitial disease 3509
airspaces, diagnosis of 3071fc
bile duct neoplasms, malignant 1673
bronchiectatic opacities, multiple 3048f
cerebellar astrocytoma, solid 363f
disease, miscellaneous 2156
lesion 386, 566f, 639, 1755, 1756, 1758, 1857, 3736
large 251f, 1585f
morphological classification of 1751f
oval 566f
malformations, hepatobiliary 2627
mass
mixed solid 1757f
solid 343f
mediastinal mass, bilateral 2515f
neoplasm, malignant 2158f
pancreatic neoplasm, category of 1755
pancreatic tumors
classification of 1751t
uncommon 1757
solid, mixed 1758
teratoma, mature 2079, 2351
Cysticercosis 429, 433f, 3649, 3657, 3922
cellulosae 469
fourth ventricular 435f
intraventricular 244
Cysticercus, intraocular 470f
Cystitis, emphysematous 2121f
Cystoscopy 1980, 2035
virtual 1992
Cytarabine 1391
Cytomegalic inclusion disease 17
Cytomegalovirus 261, 264, 413, 2920, 3059, 3063, 3099, 3649
encephalitis 260
infection 3114
Cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies 3109
Cytoreductive surgery, evolution of 1834
Cytotoxic drugs 3721
D
Dacryoadenitis 464
Dancer's bone 3925
Dandy-Walker complex 2889
Dandy-Walker cyst 866
Dandy-Walker malformation 2859f
Danger space 512
Dantrolene 1520
Darkroom fluoroscopy 1079, 1079f
Data acquisition technique 3450
Daughter abscesses 220f
Daughter cysts 1559
multiple 3420f
peripheral 2611f
walls of 1559, 1560f
Dawson's fingers 273f
De Novo hepatocarcinogenesis 1571
De Novo thrombosis 3367
De Quervain's disease 564
Deep cervical fascia, middle layer of 511
Deep venous
drainage 842
system 155f
Deferiprone 3808
Degenerative spinal disease, complications of 791, 3669
Dehydration 1404
Dementia 118, 1262
evaluation of 1262t
Demyelinating disease 15, 270, 839
Demyelination 818
Dens dysplasias 663, 666
Density lesions, mixed 641, 654
Dental panoramic tomography 635
Dentate gyrus 22, 23
Dermal sinus 10, 2777
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans 3935
Dermatomyositis 3143, 3922
Dermoid cyst 2351, 2778, 2794f
infected 2784f
Dermoid scalp 11f
Dermoid tumors 395, 1824, 1827, 1857, 3974
management of 1827
multiple 1363
Desmoplastic infantile
astrocytoma 844
ganglioglioma 2937
Devic disease 286
Dexamethasone methotrexate 1391
Diabetes
community-acquired 3109
insipidus 400, 402f
central 402t
mellitus 1501, 1507, 3475, 3721, 3722
Diabetic foot 3558, 3603, 3604f
Dialysis 3699
Diameter spherical volume 977
Diaphragm 2998, 3001, 3326f
accessory 3328
anterior insertion of 3283
field limiting 1205
inferior displacement of 3316
injury of 3288
inversion of 3328
peripheral muscular bundles of 3326f
posterior aspect of 3329f
sign 3302, 3302f
tear 3289
tumors of 3332
Diaphragma sellae 382
Diaphragmatic circle 3329
Diaphragmatic crura 3327f
Diaphragmatic hernia
bilateral 3331f
congenital 3331f
congenital 2481, 3331f
traumatic right 3333f
Diaphragmatic injury 1790, 3290f, 3331
signs of 3289b
Diaphragmatic movements 3329
Diaphragmatic rupture 1799
Diaphyseal aclasia 2830f, 3741f
Diaphysis 3523, 3751
Diarrhea 1429
Diastematomyelia 866f, 2777
Diatrizoate 1144, 1146
Diclofenac 1520
Diencephalon 27
Diffuse esophageal spasm, diagnosis of 1309
Diffusion-weighted imaging 72, 127, 496, 637, 737, 1009, 1056, 1289, 1575, 1695, 1696, 1719, 1720, 3202, 3547, 3549, 3919, 3965
Digital breast tomosynthesis 1070, 1076, 1076f, 3951, 3952f
Digital chest radiography 2989, 2991
Digital fluorography 1093
Digital fluoroscopy 1086
Digital images
display of 1073
storage of 1073
Digital mammograms 1072
Digital mammography 1070, 1075, 3951
advantage of 3951
applications of 3951
basic physics of 1070
contrast-enhanced 1075, 3952
full field 1220
Digital radiography 1057, 1068, 1069, 1217, 2991
advantage of 1057
evolution of 1058, 1058t
principle of 1058
systems 1058
Digital subtraction
angiogram 199
angiography 43, 146, 163, 184, 384, 1042, 1058, 1079, 1088, 1216, 1223, 1452f, 1785, 3349, 3489, 3503, 3931f
images 3514f, 3515f
Digital tomosynthesis 1219, 3241, 3242f
Digital versatile disk 1167
Dimethyl sulfoxide 679
Dimples, atypical 2778
Dip joints, multiple 3682f
Direct digital
conversion 1064
radiography 1059, 1061
Discoid meniscus 3782f
Disease, unresectable 1741, 1745
Disk
contour abnormalities, significance of 795
deformity 3871
degeneration 786
destruction 3651
displacements 3870
extrusion 793
herniation 786, 790, 793, 3663
normal 791
protrusion 794
Dislocation
posterior 3909, 3913
superior 3909
Displaced crus sign 3302, 3329
Distal brachiocephalic trunk lesion 3475
Distal femur, osteosarcoma of 3756f
Distal humerus, fracture of 3909
Distant metastasis, sites of 1411
Diverticula, colonic 1474
Diverticular disease 1764
Diverticulation, disorders of 2889
Diverticulitis 1486, 1778
acute 1817f
cecal 1769
Dixon technique 3541
Dobutamine 1251
Donor liver transplantation 1596, 1616
Dopa decarboxylation 1262
Dopaminergic neurons 1262
Doppler of portal system, technique of 1896
Dorsal dermal sinus 2791
Dorsal enteric fistula 2777
Dorsal exophytic pontine glioma 369f
Dorsal intradural arteriovenous fistula 776
Dorsal mesentery, part of 1802
Dorsal spine
cryptococcosis of 3656f
scoliosis of 3177f
Dorsolumbar spine 2139f, 3745f, 3887f, 3891f, 3894f
Dose reduction
methods 1065
techniques 1096
Double aortic arch 2527, 3382f
Double balloon enteroscopy 1364
Double bronchial wall sign 3287
Double bubble sign 2552f
Double contrast barium
meal 1340f
Double diaphragm sign 3283, 3314
Double duct sign 1733
Double inversion recovery 282, 315
Double line sign 3827, 3828f, 3895
Double target sign 1555f
Double wall
puncture 45
sign 3285
Doughnut sign 473
Dowager's hump 3723
Down syndrome 663, 673
Doxorubicin 1258, 1391, 1601, 1607
hydrochloride 1603
Dracunculosis 3922
Dracunculus medinensis 3922
Drain pancreatic collection 1705f
Draining pathways, posterior 486
Dressler's syndrome 3296
Dromedary hump 1950f
Drooping lily sign 2657f
Drug reactions, acute idiosyncratic 1153
Drug-induced disorders 3108
Dry cough 3115f, 3119f
Dual echo steady state 3541, 3802
sequence 1055
Dual energy
computed tomography 52, 148, 720, 923, 1570
imaging 1068
photon absorptiometry 3724
ratio 924, 933
scanners 927f, 1765
subtraction 1088, 1219
mammography 1075
X-ray absorptiometry 1216, 1220, 3723, 3724
Dual isotope subtraction imaging technique 3707
Dual photon absorptiometry 3723
Dual reading computed radiography systems 1218
Duct
ectasia 3972, 4008f
obstruction 1714
pancreatic 1755
pancreatitis
large 1711, 1712
small 1711
papilloma 3972f
Ductal adenocarcinoma 1726, 1730, 1734
Ductal carcinoma 1017f, 3980
in situ 3972, 3979, 4003
invasive 901, 3958f, 3959f, 3979, 3980, 4014f
Ductal dilatation 1712, 1755
Ductal ectasia, benign 1955
Ductal epithelial hyperplasia 3972
Ductal hyperplasia, atpyical 4003
Ductal lesions, alveolar 3078f
Ductal stricture 1712
Ductogram 4008f
Ductography 4007
Ductus diverticulum 3447, 3447f
Dumb bell shape 767
Duodenal adenocarcinoma 1358f
Duodenal atresia 2552, 2552f
Duodenal carcinoids 1349, 1350
Duodenal focal lesions 1356
Duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor 1352
Duodenal intramural pseudocyst 1718f
Duodenal obstruction
causes of 2552t
partial 1356
Duodenal stenosis 2552
Duodenal stent 1934
evaluation 1934
technique of 1933f
Duodenal tuberculosis 1432
Duodenal tumors 1335
benign 1356
malignant 1357
Duodenal ulcer 1722, 1766
Duodenal wall cysts 1722
Duodenal web 2553
Duodenectomy, distal 1358
Duodenojejunostomy 1358
Duodenoscopy 1357
Duodenum 1349, 1358, 1369, 1473, 2552, 2628
cystic dystrophy of 1722
distal 1368
homebox factor 1376
part of 1356
surgery of 1883
third parts of 1798
Duplex collecting system 1949f
Duplex Doppler ultrasonography 1895
Dupuytren's contracture 1521
Dural arteriovenous shunts, Cognard classification of 842
Dynamic flat-panel detector fluoroscopy digital subtraction angiography 1058
Dysarthria 826
ataxic 826
Dysdiadochokinesis 825
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor 343, 344f, 844, 2937, 2937f
Dysgeneses, cortical 316
Dysgerminoma 2078, 2078f, 2373f, 2720f
anaplastic 2078
Dysostoses 2767
Dyspepsia 1277
Dysphagia 1297, 1299, 1299t, 1316, 1318, 1330, 2548f, 3352
diagnosis of 1297
imaging techniques 1299
lusoria 1331
obstructive 1299
progressive 1299
sudden 1299
symptoms of 1322
Dysplasia
arrhythmogenic right ventricular 3406
cemento-osseous 656, 657f
cystic renal 2657
diastrophic 2766f
Dysplastic nodules 1514, 1516f, 1550
Dyspnea 1883f, 3118f, 3119f, 3122f, 3361
E
Ear 1333
ossicles 443f
Eating disorders 3720
Ebstein's anomaly 3381, 3385f
Ebstein-Barr virus infection 1384
Echinococcal disease 2610
Echinococcosis 3657
Echinococcus
granulosus 250, 1558, 3104
infection 3104
multilocularis 1563
Echocardiography 3387, 3402, 3409, 3410, 3423, 3426, 3487
Echolalia 827
Eclampsia 72, 142
Ectasia
annuloaortic 3475
esophageal 3922
Ectoderm 3176
Edema 712
alveolar 3375
cecal 1769
hydrostatic 3129
pulmonary 3151, 3152f, 3155, 3272, 3272f
inflammatory 3581
intense perilesional 99f
interstitial 3375, 3426
intraligamentous 3793
intramedullary 745f
laryngeal 1154
Effusion lymphoma, primary 1836
Egg-shell calcifications 3046f
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 195, 663, 3721
Ejaculatory duct 1955, 2400
obstruction 2401f
Elastograms, depiction of 895
Elastography 556, 865, 1282, 1966
applications 898
impulse 1282
real-time 902
Elastosonographic score 899
Elbow 3587
dislocation of 3910
posterolateral dislocation of 3911f
Electrocardiogram 3410
Electrocardiography 3432, 3487
Electroencephalogram 314
Electron-beam tomography 920
Electronic dosimeters
advantage of 1209t
disadvantages of 1209t
Electronic personal dosimeter 1209
Electroporation, irreversible 1595, 1600
Electrostatic lens 1083
Elster's rule for pituitary gland 384t
Embedded organ sign 2276, 2277f
Embolic microspheres, consisting of 1603
Embryology 2142, 2544, 2553, 2557, 2564, 2778
Embryonic death 1185
Emphysema 3069, 3107f, 3119, 3157, 3158f
background of 3092f
bullous 3070
centriacinar 3107f
centrilobular 3068, 3069, 3070f, 3134, 3157
extensive subcutaneous 2535f
surgical 3186f, 3926, 3926f
types of 3070t
Emphysematous bullae, multiple 3363f
Empty notch sign 3789, 3790f
Empty sella 399, 402f, 464
Empyema 214, 216, 1770, 2494f, 3079f, 3109, 3304, 3306
necessitans 3305, 3307f
parapneumonic effusion with 3304
tube drainage of 3306
Encephalitis 252, 260, 817
acute infective 252
enteroviral 832
granulomatous amoebic 251
Encephalocele 10, 616, 621
Encephalomalacia 714
Encephalomyelitis
acute 288
demyelinating 270, 288
hemorrhagic 292
Encephalopathy
acute
hypertensive 302
necrotizing 293
chronic recurrent 1912
hypertensive 72
hypoxic ischemic 307, 2867
ischemic 2897
Enchondroma 2830, 2831f, 3525, 3577, 3736, 3741, 3742f
Enchondromatosis 2760
multiple 3533f
Endobronchial biopsy 3222f, 3232f
Endocarditis 1554
infective 1776f, 2491f, 3427
Endocrine
neoplasia, multiple 3168, 3699
origin, disorders of 3710
tumors, cystic 1757
Endocyst 1558
detachment of 1852
Endoderm 3176
Endoluminal tracheobronchial stenting 3363
Endometrial stromal sarcomas, low grade 2082
Endometrioma 2350f, 2351f
Endometriosis 1486, 2321, 2349, 3312, 3720
Endometritis, nontubercular chronic 2316
Endometrium 1961f
basalis layer of 1964
carcinoma of 2362, 2363f, 2364f
functional layer of 1964
staging of carcinoma of 2363t
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography 1106, 1650, 1664, 1678, 1713, 1713f, 1728
Endoscopic ultrasound 1299, 1304, 1319, 1650, 1664, 1714, 1726, 1728, 1750, 1758, 3243
Endoscopy 1523
side-viewing 1728
virtual 1221, 1992
Endosonography 1282
Endosteal bone resorption 3700
Endotracheal tube 3270f, 3276, 3276f
Endovascular grading scale 187t
Endovascular therapy 3367, 3508
End-stage kidney, embolization of 2302
Energy photon absorptiometry, single 3724
Enneking surgical staging 3752f
Enocrinological disorders 3699
Enostosis 3736, 3737, 3738f
Entamoeba histolytica 1555
Enteritis 3640
Enteroclysis 1427
Enterocolitis, ischemic 1451
Enterocutaneous fistula, technique of 1935f
Enteroliths 1426
Enzymes, inhibition of 1153
Eosinophilia, tropical 3104f
Ependymal tumors 334, 341, 843, 847
Ependymoblastomas 360
Ependymoma 341, 343f, 358, 362f, 414, 417, 419f, 428, 435, 436f, 751753, 843, 2930, 2931f
anaplastic 843
supratentorial 2936, 2936f
Epicondylar fractures 3910
Epidermoid 10, 372, 373f, 414, 428, 2934f
tumors 10, 395
Epididymal cyst, large 2399f
Epididymis 2399
Epididymitis 2383, 2726f
Epididymorchitis 2384f, 2725, 2726f
Epidural fistula, posterior 776f
Epidural mass, inflammatory 3650f
Epigastrium, compression of 1646
Epiglottic tumor, hypointense 601f
Epiglottitis 2521, 2522
Epilepsy 101, 118, 321, 1261
chronic 315
imaging of 314
Epimetaphyseal region, vascular supply of 3597f
Epinephrine 1842
Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple 2758f
Epiphysis 3523, 3689, 3715, 3751
femoral 2800, 3878f
sclerosis of 3585f
Epiploic appendagitis 1486, 1779, 1820f
Epirubicin 1601
Episodic memory 328
Epistaxis 689, 2439
Epithelial neoplasm, solid and papillary 2614
Epithelial origin, tumors of 497
Epithelium, configuration of 1753
Epstein-Barr virus 527, 847, 3099
Erdheim-Chester disease 846, 3217, 3322
Erectile dysfunction 2396, 2402
evaluation of 2402
Erosions 3628, 3633
Erythema 1197
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 3651
Escherichia coli 212, 1554, 1778, 1855, 3091, 3092, 3116
Esophageal atresia, types of 2545f
Esophageal cancer
spread of 1326
staging of 1326
system for 1327f
TNM staging system for 1326t
Esophageal dysphagia, structural 1313
Esophageal glands, dilated 1319f
Esophageal malignancy, extramural extent of 1304
Esophageal motility disorder, nonspecific 1309, 1309f
Esophageal motor function, mapping of 1303
Esophageal neoplasms
benign 1318
malignant 1321
Esophageal peristalsis, primary 1297
Esophageal ring, lower 1299, 1314
Esophageal spasm, diffuse 1308, 1309
Esophageal sphincter
lower 1298, 1309, 1311
upper 1297, 1298
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, development of 1317
Esophageal stenting, preparation of 1930f
Esophagitis 1313
caustic 1316
drug-induced 1318
eosinophilic 1318
infectious 1314
inflammatory 1316
Esophagogastric junction 1323f
Esophagogram 1315f
Esophagopharyngeal regurgitation 1302
Esophago-tracheo-bronchial injuries 2462
Esophagus 1195, 1304, 1316f, 1333f, 2544, 3023f, 3030, 3163
bulging of 609f
distal 1343
evaluation of 1301
lower thoracic 1277f
mid and lower 1322f
neoplasm of 1473
tumor of 1325
Esthesioneuroblastoma 503, 614, 615f, 678
Estrogen receptor 3977, 4012, 4019
Ethanol 1597, 3575
mechanism of 1597
Ethiodol 1109
Ethmoid bulla 486, 488f, 492
prominent 487
Ethmoid cells, middle 485f
Ethmoid roof 492
Ethmoid sinus 6f
mucocele of 493f
posterior 492
right 619f
roof 722
Ethmoid sulcus 488
Ethmoidal infundibulum 486
Ethmoidal notch 489f
Ethylene hydroxyl diphosphonate 3553
Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer 1257
Etoposide 1391
European Commision/European Medicines Agency 1118
European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study Trials 133
European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 1126
European Gastrointestinal Lymphoma Study 1391
European Respiratory Society 3197
European Society of Urogenital Radiology Guidelines 1149, 2027t
Eustachian tube 6f
extraskeletal 3766, 3938
Ewing's tumor 3567f, 3751
Excisional biopsy, surgical 1820
Excitation, number of 992, 995
Exocrine function 1720
quantification of 1720
Exophthalmos, endocrine 478f
Exostoses 659
Extensive myelitis, recurrent longitudinal 288
External ear
anomalies of 444
inflammatory conditions of 448
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 2900
Extrahepatic disease 1596
PRETEXT staging of 2601t
Extrahepatic metastatic disease 1599
Extrahepatic portal venous obstruction 1843, 1906, 1906fc
Extraintestinal malignancy 1393
Extraluminal air 1766
Extraluminal gas 1307
bubbles 1778
Extranodal malt lymphoma 3217
Extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 1382, 1836
Extrapancreatic complications 1700
Extrapleural fat layer, thickening of normal 3309
Extraskeleton systems, disturbances of 2770
Extrathyroid extension 580
Extrathyroidal structures 579fc
Extrinsic impingement, primary 3853
Eye 1199
aperiodic motion of 997f
lens of 880
F
Fabry disease 2958
Facet
disease of 3666
joint 791, 796
arthropathy 796
degeneration 786
normal 796
Facial buttresses 720, 721
system 721f
Facial canal dehiscence 451f
Facial edema 1154
Facial fractures 719, 746
pediatric 731, 731f
Facial lymph nodes 542
Facial nerve 27, 444f, 519, 821, 821f
labrynthine segment of 442f
lesions, localization of 821
palsy, infranuclear 821
schwannomas 373
tympanic segment of 442f
Facial palsy, emotional or mimetic type of 821
Facial schwannoma 459f
Facial struts, components of 722t
Facial trauma, imaging of 719
Facial trichilemmomas 1369
Fahr's disease 17
Failed back syndrome 798, 800f
Falciform ligament 1617, 1804, 1805, 1807
Fallen fragment 3745
sign 3533, 3534f
Fallen lung sign 3285
Fallopian tubal carcinoma 2081f
Fallopian tube 1802, 2323f
carcinoma of 2081, 2375
Fallot's tetralogy 3454
Falx cerebri 26
Familial adenomatous polyposis 1363, 1365, 1367, 1369, 1400
diagnosis of 1368
syndrome 1350, 1421
Fanconi's syndrome 3692
Faraday cage 986
Fascia
colli 510
lateroconal 1696, 1969, 2265
prevertebral 621
Fasciculus, superior longitudinal 40
Fasciola hepatica 1512
Fast low-angle shot 3017, 3544, 3800, 3959
Fast multivoxel techniques 109
Fast spin echo 66, 993, 1696f, 3017f, 3780
imaging 67
sequence 1052, 1052f, 3540, 3541
Fast tubercular bacilli 834f
Fat 3030, 3163, 3193
displacement, extrapleural 3294
embolism 3906
intra-abdominal 1366
necrosis 2840, 3922, 3964, 3973, 3973f
pads, normal 3309
proliferation 2055
ring sign 1819
saturation 3017
stripes, displacement of 3906
suppressed sequences 3541
suppression 1289, 3960
Fatigue 1521, 3810
Fatty hilum 604
Fatty infiltration 1503f, 1564, 1618
concomitant 1507
Fatty liver 1501, 1503, 1503f, 1504, 1513
disease, nonalcoholic 903
Fatty marrow 3884
uniform replacement of 813
Fatty metamorphosis 1572
Fatty tissue 3821
Fecal occult blood test 1403
Fecal tagging 1288
Fecaliths 1484
Feeding vessel 3092
Feet, dragging of 826
Female pelvic viscera 1970
Female pelvis 1020, 2721
anomalies of 2715
benign diseases of 2330
evaluation of 2713
Femoral artery
common 43, 3511
palpation of 44f
pseudoaneurysm of 3573f
right superficial 2851f
superficial 3505f, 3515f
Femoral focal deficiency, proximal 2820
Femoral trochlear groove 3799
Femoral vein, superficial 3570f
Femoroacetabular impingement 2825, 3835
Femorotibial articulation 3678f
Femur
Ewing's sarcoma of 3764f
high-resolution ultrasonography of 3596f
osteosarcoma of 3237f
Fencer's bone 3925
Ferrous sulfate 1317
Ferucarbotran 1120, 1543
Ferumoxide 1543
Fetal death 1185
Fetal kidney, enlarged 2154f
Fetor hepaticus 1521
enteric 1854
low grade 1521
Fexumoxide 1120
Fibroadenoma 899f, 900, 1136f, 3946, 3964, 3970, 3970f
Fibrobronchiectasis 3343f
Fibrocystic disease 3969
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva 3925
Fibroelastosis
idiopathic pleural parenchymal 3128, 3129
idiopathic pulmonary 3136
Fibrofatty proliferation 1445, 1817
Fibroid 906
exophytic 2355f
intramural 2336f
polyps, inflammatory 1337, 1365, 1366f
Fibro-inflammatory disease, progressive 1711
Fibroinflammatory nodules 1661
Fibrolamellar carcinoma 1546, 1581, 1582f
Fibroma 464, 1536, 1862, 2081, 3205, 3412, 3413
ameloblastic 645
desmoplastic 3534, 3736, 3744
juvenile ossifying 656f
ossifying 505, 506f, 655, 3736
Fibromatosis 3933, 3934f
desmoid type 846
Fibromuscular dysplasia 136, 138f, 453, 1460, 2162, 2163f, 2296f
Fibronodular lesions 3134f
Fibro-odontoma, ameloblastic 654, 655f
Fibro-osseous lesions 639, 3736
Fibroplasia, medial 2163f
Fibrosarcoma 846, 1824, 3750, 3751, 3763, 3763f
Fibroscan 903, 1282
Fibrosis 901, 1441, 1540, 1572, 3342
combined pulmonary 3157, 3158f
develops 1629
drug-related 3068
endomyocardial 3405, 3406f
focal 3964
idiopathic pulmonary 3041f, 3042, 3067, 3068, 3129, 3132, 3128, 3132, 3133f, 3139
mixture of 1898
onset of 1719
retroperitoneal 2217, 2280, 2282f
Fibrostenotic disease 1445t
Fibrothorax 3298, 3307f, 3308
Fibrotic
membrane, thick 1432
stricture 1431f, 3247
stroma 1828
Fibrous cortical defect 3524, 3535, 3742, 3743f
Fibrous dysplasia 10, 14, 15f, 480f, 504, 505f, 630, 630f, 656, 657f, 768, 2760, 2833, 2834f, 3336, 3524, 3736, 3743, 3744f
Fibrous histiocytoma, malignant 846, 1824, 2277, 2849, 3415, 3750, 3751, 3763, 3935
Fibrovascular polyp 1320, 1321, 1325
components of 1320
Fibula, styloid process of 3796f
Figure of 3 appearance 3381, 3454
Filar lipoma 2777
Film badge 1209
monitoring 1208
Film screen radiography, limitations of 1057
Filtration, minimum total 1204
Filum terminale lipoma 2789, 2790f
Fine needle
aspiration 1282, 2447
cytology 1104, 1843, 1856, 1864, 3995
biopsy 2447
Fine spider web 1632
Finger
agnosia 827
clubbing 1521
in-glove appearance 3264f
nose test 825
Fischer's fracture 3912
Fisher grading scale and vasospasm, modified 143t
Fish-net appearance 2343f
Fissural nodularity 3134f
Fissure 3030
interhemispheric 26, 31f, 36f, 216f, 842
invasion of 3228f
Fistula 1429, 1443, 1445, 1784
anocutaneous 2574, 2576
anovestibular 2576, 2576f
anterior epidural 776f
aortoenteric 1473, 1479
arterioportal 1910
arteriovenous 679, 842, 1788, 1790, 2196, 2436, 3932
bronchoesophageal 1315
caroticocavernous 199f, 409f, 464, 478
dural 711
enterocutaneous 1935
enteroenteric 1443
esophagopleural 1883
formation 1827
large extrahepatic 1911
low rectovaginal 2576
rectovaginal 2575
Fixed C-arm fluoroscopic system 1094
Flail chest 3291f
Flank pain 1987
Flapping tremor 15231
Flat bones 3590
tuberculosis of 3583, 3588
Flat bony acetabulum 2806
Flat panel
detector 919, 920, 1079, 1089
fluoroscopy system 1095f, 1218
gadolinium-based 1058
digital detector 1064t
volume computed tomography 52
Flat waist sign 3038
Fleischner Society Guidelines of Solid Nodules 3203
Flexion injuries 741
Flexor 841
Flip angle 991
Floating disk sign 3617
Floating fragment sign 3533
Floating membranes sign 1559
Flow diverter 170
placement 171f
Flow sensitive alternating inversion recovery 1031
Floxuridine 1659
Fluid attenuated inversion recovery 442, 463
sequence 1053
Fluid collection
acute peripancreatic 1693f, 1694, 1700, 1701
hypoechoic 1697
Fluid density cyst 3105f
Fluid-filled
bulla 3205
cyst 2510f
Fluid loculations 3582f
Fluoro-2-deoxy- D-glucose 1230, 3554
Fluorodeoxyglucose 1262, 1834, 3448, 3452, 4012
positron-emission tomography 3201
Fluoro-dihydroxyphenylalanine 1260
Fluoroscopic equipment, types of 1093
Fluoroscopic system, components of 1080
Fluoroscopy 1068, 1079, 1632, 3326
loop 1087
timer 1206
tube housing 1205
Fluorosis 14, 3686, 3716, 3717f, 3718f
diagnostic of 3717f
Flush aortogram 1470
Flush technique 2737f
Foamy esophagus 1315
Focal bowel wall 1797
Focal confluent fibrosis 1512
Focal cortical dysplasia 316, 317, 3524
Focal diaphragmatic thickening 3289
Focal disk abnormalities, location of 795
Focal fatty sparing 1509
Focal gastric lesions mimicking tumor 1353, 1353t, 1355
Focal hepatic
lesions 1618
steatosis 932f
Focal liver lesions
detection of 1126
malignant 1129, 1129t
Focal neurologic deficit 785
Focal nodular lesions, multiple 1862
Focal pancreatic lesions, detection of 1134
Foley's catheter 1797
in situ 962f
Follicle aspiration 2326
Food and Drug Administration in United States 1118
Foot and ankle osteoarthritis 3683
Foot switch and visual indicator 1206
Foot, dislocation of 3916
Footprint transducer, small 1281
Foramen
magnum 660, 663
lesions 627, 629
line 664
of Monro 413, 414
ovale 516
spinosum 6f
transversarium 746, 748
Fossa tumors, posterior 2929
Foster-Kennedy syndrome 818
Fovea ethmoidalis 485f, 489f
Foville's syndrome 820
Fractal signature analysis 3679
Fractional anisotropy 213, 222, 231
Fractional flow reserve 3397
Fracture 10, 3558, 3560, 3689, 3838, 3912
anterior skull base 729, 730
avulsion 3535, 3898
buckling 3904
central
midface 724
skull base 730
complications of 3906
compound 699f
condylar 3910
depressed 10, 10f, 699f
dislocation 742f, 744, 745f, 746f
extent of 3903
extracapsular 3913
growing 11f, 716, 716f
healing 3647, 3906
insufficiency 3810, 3839, 3905
intercondylar 3910
intracapsular 3913
lap seat-belt type 743
lateral midface 726
line
absent 813
direction of 3904
present 813
linear 699f
longitudinal 699f
nasal bones 725f
pathological 3700f, 3888, 3905
right femoral neck 2826f
special types of 3905
supracondylar 3910
transverse 448f, 699f, 3904
trimalar 726, 727f
types of 3903
unstable 738, 745f
vertebra, flat posterior border of 3890
Fragment
length polymorphism, restriction 3075
spatial relationship of 3904
Frank blood in stool 1451
Frankel's line 3716f
Frantz tumor 2614
Free hepatic venous pressure 1902
Frey's procedure 1889, 1891
Fringe artifact 1001
Frontal bone, orbital plate of 614f
Frontal gyrus, superior 26
Frontal lobe, right 103f
Frontal sinus 485f, 492
fractures 722
Frontal sulcus, superior 26
Frozen elephant trunk repair 3469
Frozen mediastinum sign 3317
Fuhrman nuclear grading system 2067t
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery 490
Fundic gland polyps 1336
Fungal
abscesses 1855, 2609
ball 3208
disease 3312
encephalitis 834
hepatic abscesses 1556
infection 404, 2500, 2502t, 2922, 3059, 3100, 3121, 3248, 3335, 3655
meningitis 834
meningoencephalitis 834f, 835f
pneumonias 2504
rhinosinusitis, allergic 493, 494f
sinusitis 493, 407f, 2926f
invasive 493, 494f, 495f
noninvasive chronic 494
spondylitis 805
Fungi 3109
Fungiform papillomas 500
Fungus ball, intracavitary 3101f
Funnel chest 3334
Furosemide 1157
Fusarium 493
Fusiform
gyrus 22, 23
infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm 3462f
Fusobacterium 3094, 3304
necrophorum 527
G
Gadobenate 1114, 1115, 1574
dimeglumine 1114, 1118, 1289, 1291, 1574, 1583, 1590
disodium 1650
Gadobutrol 1115, 1118
Gadodiamide 1115, 1118
Gadofosveset 1115, 1118
trisodium 1113
Gadolinium 556, 1542
based contrast agents, physicochemical properties of 1115t
enhancement 1415
injection of 1861
Gadopentetate 1115
dimeglumine 1113, 1118, 3803
Gadoterate meglumine 1115
Gadoteric acid 1118
Gadoteridol 1115, 1118
Gadoversetamide 1113, 1115, 1118
Gadoxetate 1114, 1115, 1289
disodium 1113, 1118
injection of 1291
use of 1291
Gadoxetic acid 1574, 1575, 1583
Gait 826
apraxia 826
ataxic 826
hysterical 826
Galactocele 3973, 3974f
Galactography 4007
Galeazzi fracture 3911
Gallbladder 879f, 1018, 1019f, 1281, 1664, 1771f
acute hydrops of 2645
anterior wall of 879f
atretic 2624f
calculi, multiple 881f
cancer, classification of 1665t
carcinoma 1645, 1664, 1669f
contraction 2623
diseases of 2644
empyema of 1689f
fossa 1876f
mass 1666
inflammatory conditions of 1653
injuries 1794
malignancy 1647f, 1653
neoplasms, malignant 1669
perforation 1654, 1689, 1771
polyp 1665, 1770
small calculi in 1770f
thickened 1770
wall thickness 1771
Gallstone
disease 1691
ileus 1768
pathogenesis of 2644
spillage of 1889
Gamma rays 1259
Gamna-Gandy bodies 1515, 1868
Gangliocytoma 844
Ganglioglioma 320f, 344, 345f, 368, 751, 755, 844, 2934
anaplastic 844
Ganglion
intraosseous 3535, 3676, 3736
tumors 2515
Ganglioneuroblastoma 844, 2516f, 2704
paravertebral 2705f
Ganglioneuroma 2704
Gantry rotation time 3450
Gardner's syndrome 1337, 1357, 1363, 1369, 3738
Gas bubbles 3185
small 1767
Gas gangrene 3907, 3926f
Gastrectomy 3721
Gastresophageal junction 1303
Gastresophageal reflux
disease 1298
spontaneous 1301
Gastric
acid, secretion of 1760
adenocarcinoma 1337, 2586f
pathophysiology 1338
artery, left 1294f, 1451
atresia 2548
banding, laparoscopic adjustable 1884
bezoar 2587f
cancer 1338, 1339
advanced 1338, 1339
computed tomography of 1340
early 1338
stage of 1339
staging of 1338
TNM staging of 1339t
carcinoids 1342, 1344f, 1349, 1350, 1350f, 1832, 1884f
cardia 1297
duplication cyst 1353, 1355
emptying, delayed 1891
fundus 1320
interventions 2449
leiomyoma 2585
ossified 2586f
leiomyosarcoma 2586
lesions, benign 1354
lipomas 1352
lymphoma 1346, 2586
diagnostic imaging 1347
malignancy 1337, 1346
prevalence of 1338
risk factors for 1336
masses 2583
neoplasms, malignant 1337
polyps 1336, 1337
epithelial polyps 1336
resection 1722
schwannomas 1354
teratoma 2585, 2586f
tuberculosis 1433
tumors 1338
malignant 1337, 2586
ulcer, malignant 1339
varices 1904
obliteration of 1920
vein, left 1908f
volvulus 3328f
wall, thickening of 1344f
Gastrinoma 1293, 1350f, 1759, 1760, 1761
triad of 1761
triangle region 1761f
Gastritis 1336, 1473
Gastrocaval shunt, spontaneous 1904
Gastroduodenal
artery, displacement of 1722
ligament 1804
stenting 1925, 1932
Gastroenteritis
acute 1486
eosinophilic 1447
Gastroepiploic arteries, right 1294
Gastroesophageal
junction 1277f, 1301, 1326, 1338, 1884
reflux disease 1304, 1313, 1322
varices 1903, 1904f
Gastrografin oral 1277
Gastrohepatic ligament 1339, 1560, 1802, 1804
Gastrointestinal
bleeding 1377
cancers 1368
carcinoid tumors 1373, 1838
contrast studies, upper 1883
disease 2220, 3722
primary 1383
endoscopy, upper 1303
fistula 1935
hemorrhage 1466, 1467b, 1471, 1473, 2438
classification of 1466b
etiology of 1467t
management of 1472b
types of 1466b
upper 1466, 1473
imaging 2426
infections 1554
interventions 2449
lymphoma 1384, 1384t, 1392, 1392t
malabsorption 3687
masses 2581
primary malignancy 1584
esophageal 1320
ileum 1379f
jejunum 1380f
minority of 1377
pediatric 1378
tract 1338, 1419, 1726, 2542, 3774
hemangioma 1479
part of 1466
Gastrojejunostomy 2450f
Gastrophrenic ligament 1805, 1807
Gastrorenal shunt 1920
size of 1918
Gastrosplenic ligament 1802, 1804, 1805, 1807
Gastrosystemic shunts 1920
Gastrulation, anomalies of 2777
Gaucher's disease 1868, 2958, 3894
Gaussian chemical shift selective 95
Gelatin sponge 1109
powder 1109
Gelfoam 1108f, 3351
embolization 1601, 3571
pledgets 1602
small amount of 1602
Genital ductal system, distal 2399
Genital organs, anatomy of 2713
Genitography 2736
demonstrates 2745f
techniques of 2737f
Genitourinary interventions 2451
Genitourinary tract, vascular interventions in 2295
Geometric distortions 114
Germ cell 2074
sex cord-stromal tumors 2075
mixed 847
nonseminomatous 2728, 2729f
suprasellar 430f
Germinoma 394, 414, 428, 431, 847, 2940
suprasellar 395f
Germline mutations 1377
Gerotas’ fascia, thickening of 1778
Gerstmann syndrome 827
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasms 2375
Ghon focus 3076
Ghost sign 3784
Giant carotico-ophthalmic aneurysm 57f
Giant cell
arteritis 3457
astrocytoma 414
carcinoma 3217
containing lesions 3736
glioblastoma 843
granuloma, central 646, 649f
reparative granuloma 3736
malignant 3750, 3751, 3769
Giant panda sign, face of 2982f
Gigantism 3710, 3715
Gimbria 22
Glabellar tap 825
Glands
adrenal 1796
atrophic adrenal 2251f
enlarged adrenal 2252f
Glandular origin, epithelial tumors of 500
Glasgow Coma Scale 693, 841
Glenn shunt 3375
Glenohumeral ligament 3854
inferior 3851, 3854
middle 3854
superior 3854
Glenoid 3853
fossa 3869f3872f
injury, anteroinferior 3861f
labrum
anterior 3542f
posterior 3542f
Glenolabral articular disruption 3860
Glial tumors 431
grading of 96
low grade 70f
Gliding sign 3294
Glioblastoma 335, 843
epithelioid 843
multiforme 118, 966f
Glioma 97, 286, 414, 843, 847
angiocentric 843
cervicomedullary 370f
chiasmatic 396
diffuse midline 368f
evaluation, uses in 2944
hypothalamic 396, 397f, 2938
Glioneuronal tumor, diffuse leptomeningeal 844
Gliosarcoma 843
Globoid cell leukodystrophy 2953
Globular uterine cavity 2313f
Glomus bodies 1354
Glomus jugulare 457f, 532, 685f
paraganglioma 626
tumor 533f
Glomus jugulotympanicum 628f
Glomus tumor 457f, 1353, 1354
Glomus tympanicum 456f
Glomus vagale 532
Glossopharyngeal nerve 821
Glossoptosis 2524
Gloved finger sign 3101, 3103f
Glucagonoma 1759, 1761
Glucocorticoid 3721, 3722
Glucose
metabolism 1262
transporters 3554
Glue N-butyl cyanoacrylate 1706
Glutamate 90, 324
Glutaric acid peak, abnormal 2980f
Glutaric aciduria type 1 2980, 2980f
Gluteus maximus 3826, 3841f
Gluteus medius 3825, 3826
tendon tear 3841
Gluteus minimus 3825
Glycine 90
Glycogen 1758
Glycosaminoglycans 3802
Goiter
colloid 566, 567f
diffuse nontoxic 561
Golden S sign 3037, 3039f, 3221
Gonadal deficiency, primary 3713
Gonadal disorders 3710
Gonadal dysgenesis, mixed 2746f
Gonadal insufficiency 3720
Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists 3721
Gonads 1195
Gonococcal urethral stricture 2125f
Gossypibomas 1882
Gout 933, 3641
Graafian follicle, ruptured 1486
Gradenigo's syndrome 452
Gradient coil 982f
Gradient echo 1038
sequences 1051, 1053, 1054f, 3017
Gradient recalled acquisition 3800, 3959
Gradient recalled echo 3327
imaging 3880
sequences 3541
Gradient
subsystem 975
system 981
Grading child's score 1522t
Graft
impingement 3817
rupture 3817
versus host disease 1780, 3125
Grand lamella 492
Granular calcification, amorphous 2036
Granular cell
myoblastoma 464
tumor of sellar region 847
Granular ependymitis 834
Granulation tissue 449, 3247, 3252, 3600
Granulocyte
colony stimulating factor 3896
epithelial lesions 1721
Granuloma 822, 3205, 3207, 3405f
calcified 1842
eosinophilic 11, 12f, 648, 650f, 663, 3623, 3736, 3746, 3747f
epithelioid cell 834f
extraosseous extradural 3620, 3621f
formation 1563
midline 495
multiple 3054f
tuberculous 2911f, 2912f
Granulomatosis 3342, 3496
polyangiitis 614
Granulomatous diseases 495, 522, 1501, 1511, 1511f, 1852, 3128, 3231
Granulomatous disorders 3699
Granulomatous infection 225
Granulomatous thyroiditis, subacute 564
Granulosa cell tumor 2080
juvenile 2080
Grasp reflex 825
Graves’ disease 561, 562, 562f
Grayscale sonogram 2149f, 2629f
Great arteries, transposition of 3376, 3377, 3380f
Greater trochanter 3825, 3840
Greater trochanteric
bursitis 3842
pain syndrome 3841
Greenstick fractures 3903
Grisel syndrome 663
Grocott's stain 834f
Groping reflex 825
Ground-glass
attenuation 3063f, 3087f, 3147f, 3197
nodule 3196, 3221
centrilobular nodules, bilateral ill-defined 3156
nodular opacities 3052f
nodule 3196, 3265
bilateral 3095f
bilateral peripheral 3153f
centrilobular nodules 3056, 3057fc
diagnosis of 3062
Growth factor receptor-alpha, platelet derived 1351
Growth hormone 384
disorders 3710, 3713
Growth plate
involvement of 3905
widening of 3688
Growth rate, benign 3201
Guaiac reaction 1403
Guanidino acetate methyl transferase 101
Guglielmi detachable coils 203
Guidewire
dependent catheters 188
selection of 1104
Guinea worm, calcified 3923f
Gynecological malignancies
miscellaneous 2374
pathology of 2074
Gyri 830
Gyrus
heart of 295
middle frontal 25f
rectus 26
H
H sign 3560
H1N1 3149
Haemophilus 3598, 3605
influenzae 3090, 3091, 3092, 3116, 3117, 3304
Haller cells 487, 488f
Hallervorden-Spatz disease 2980
Hallux rigidus 3683
Hallux valgus 3630f
Halo sign 3193, 3443
Halothane 1520
Hamartoma 3205, 3973
benign neoplasms 1862
colonic 1369
diagnosis of 3945f
hypothalamic 2938, 2939f
syndrome, multiple 1421
Hampton's hump 3211f
Hampton's line 1339
Hand, dislocation of 3912
Hand-Schüller-Christian disease 11, 12f
Hantavirus 3099
Harbor mutations 1351
Hard nodule 904f
Hard palate 586, 587
actinomycosis of 495f
fracture of 726f
Harlequin eye-appearance 8
Harmonic
generation of 889f
motion imaging 898
Hartmann's procedure 1421
Hashimoto's thyroiditis 563, 573, 3166
Haustra, absence of 1778
Head and neck 936, 1015
malignancies 585t
tumors 966
Head injury 107f, 693, 714f
classification of 693
lesions, primary 699
pediatric 697
secondary 712, 2470
Head motion 108
Head trauma 107, 2467
imaging of 693
Headache 142
severe 180f
sudden severe 186f
Healing rickets, signs of 3689
Health insurance plan 3977
Heart 2998, 3002, 3030, 3072, 3163, 3721
block 3409
disease 3423, 3495
congenital 1851, 3377
ischemic 3386
egg-shaped 3380f
failure 1820, 3478f
congestive 1809, 3296
right-sided 1913
lung transplant 2537
size 3426
Heavy metal poisoning 308, 3686
Heel-knee test 825
Height index of Klauss 664
Helicobacter pylori infection 1336, 1337, 1347
Hemangioblastoma 364, 365f, 755, 756f, 783f, 845, 2932, 2934f
multiple 756f
Hemangioendothelioma 678, 3769
epithelioid 845, 1569, 1586, 1587f, 3217
infantile 1536, 2603, 2606f
kaposiform 3930
tumor like 1862
aggressive 763f, 807f
vertebral 762
atypical 1586
vertebral 762
benign neoplasms 1861
capillary 464, 471
cavernous 464, 471, 472f, 1611, 1861, 3529f
congenital 1552
flash filling 1580
infantile hepatic 1551
intraosseous 648
large
cavernous 1611f
chest wall 3339f
multiple 3571f
noninvoluting 3930
submandibular region 3574f
Hemangiopericytoma 349, 678, 845, 1862, 2278, 3570, 3571f
Hematemesis 1466
Hematochezia 1466
Hematological disorders 1153, 3699
Hematological malignancy 1856, 1862
acute 1469, 1879f, 1973
adrenal 1796
arterialized periarterial 3457f
benign intracranial 709t
causes of 1564
chronic 1564
classic acute epidural 701
eccentric hyperintense 137f
epidural 700, 2472f
extradural 700f
hyperdense 3185f, 3462f
intracerebral 17, 708, 709f
intramural 1798, 3467f, 3473
intramuscular 1800
prevertebral 744f
retroperitoneal 1800
subacute 2269f
subcapsular 1641, 1788, 1860
location of 1788
Hematomyelia 780f
Hematopoiesis, extramedullary 2517, 3163
Hematopoietic
cells, hyperplastic 3885
marrow 3884
system 1199
tumors 2061
Hemianopia
binasal 818
homonymous 818
Hemidiaphragm 1765
depression of 3283
elevated 3328
right 1788
Hemimeningomyelocele 2786f
Hemimyelocele 2784
Hemimyelomeningocele 2784
Hemithorax, hyperlucent 3316
Hemobilia 1473, 1686, 1792, 1793
Hemochromatosis 401, 1501, 1507, 1508, 1508f, 1868, 3721, 3922
Hemodialysis 1119
Hemodynamic status, assessment of 1782
Hemolymphangiomas 678
Hemopericardium 3289f, 3470f
Hemoperitoneum 1786, 1912
Hemophilia 3721, 3807
Hemopoiesis, extramedullary 3179
Hemoptysis 2439, 3124f, 3156, 3344fc, 3498f
common causes of 3343f
cryptogenic 3342
moderate 3341
active 1986
acute 1776
abdominal 1777
subarachnoid 143f
adrenal 1795, 1797, 2252f, 2253f, 2707, 2707f
areas of 1757
benign 709
bilateral adrenal 1797
calcified subperiosteal 3716f
delayed 1793
epidural 746
extradural 839
extraluminal 1695
germinal matrix 831, 2868
idiopathic pulmonary 3043
intestinal 1866
intracerebral 142, 839
intracranial 84, 838, 839fc, 2870, 2894
intraparenchymal 3364f
intratumoral 709, 709t, 1382, 2847f
intraventricular 142, 150f, 832f, 842, 2869
lower gastrointestinal 1473
postpartum 2303
postsurgical 2303
post-traumatic 2440
presence of 1864
spontaneous 1904
subacute 782
subarachnoid 142
subperiosteal 3716
Hemorrhagic
cholecystitis, complications of 1771
infarct 838f
ovarian cyst, 1486, 2333f
Hemosiderosis 1501, 1507, 1509f, 1510f, 3042, 3376f, 3894, 3895
Hemostatic compounds 1876
Hemothorax 1799, 3247f, 3283, 3285f, 3297
Henoch-Schonlein purpura 1486
Heparin 1252, 3721
antagonist 1253
unfractionated 1252
Hepatectomy, virtual 1622f
Hepatic adenoma 1547, 1612f, 2607
Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis 1563
Hepatic angiogram 1476f
Hepatic arterial
anatomy 1618, 1625
thrombosis 1657
Hepatic artery 1294f, 1550, 1618, 1623, 1625
aneurysm, large 1477f
angiogram 1475f
common 1294f, 1451
perfusion 969
proper 1294
pseudoaneurysms 1891
recipient 1623
right 1294f, 1625
thrombosis 1623f
Hepatic blood
flow 949
outflow 1637
volume 949
Hepatic cyst 876f, 882f, 1536
asymptomatic microruptures of 1816
multiple 1913
simple 932f, 1536, 1537, 2610
Hepatic duct 1620, 1671f
common 1645, 1659
right 1289f
anterior 1620
posterior 1620
Hepatic echotexture 1528
Hepatic encephalopathy 1922
Hepatic failure, fulminant 1615
Hepatic fibrogenesis 1530
Hepatic fibrosis, congenital 1536, 1669, 1906, 2638
Hepatic hemangioma 1611f
Hepatic interventions 2449
Hepatic iron 1507
Hepatic lymphoma, primary 1591, 1592f
Hepatic mass 2600
characterization 931
lesions, characterization of 931
Hepatic metastases 960f, 1371f, 1380f, 2602
Hepatic neoplasms, benign 2603
Hepatic parenchyma 1590, 1632, 1919
completes 1682
Hepatic pathology, computed tomography evaluation of 1284
Hepatic perfusion index 949
Hepatic periportal intensity, abnormal 1515
Hepatic plexus, posterior 1744
Hepatic protocol 1289
Hepatic sarcoidosis 1564
Hepatic schistosomiasis 1564
Hepatic steatosis 931, 1290, 1501
probability of 1503
Hepatic trauma 1473
Hepatic tuberculosis 1563
Hepatic tumors 3412
malignant 2600
PRETEXT staging of 2601t
Hepatic vasculature 1547
Hepatic vein 1281, 1616, 1619, 1622f, 1626, 1628, 1630, 1631f
accessory inferior right 1619
angioplasty 1914f
dilated 3441
echogenicity, intraluminal 1777
evaluation of 1630
main 1629
middle 1616, 1626, 1630
nonopacification of 1632f
obstruction of 1913
pressure gradient 1902
right inferior 1619
stenting 1607, 1914f
transit time estimation 1132
Hepatic venous
anatomy 1619f, 1626
outflow 1912
obstruction, disorder of 1628
tract obstruction 1628
pressure, wedged 1902
Hepatic vessels 1629
Hepatitis 1501, 1506, 1615, 2642, 3687
acute viral 1507
alcoholic 1507
autoimmune 1520, 1659
chronic
active 2642, 2643f, 3721
viral 1520, 1584
neonatal 2621, 2622f, 2623f
severe 1501
Hepatobiliary disease 1648
Hepatobiliary malignancy, common 1664
Hepatoblastoma 1585, 1585f, 1615, 2600, 2602f
imaging 1585
pathologically 1585
Hepatocellular carcinoma, diagnosis of 1018f
Hepatocholangiocarcinoma 1584, 1584f
Hepatocyte necrosis, ongoing 1638
Hepatoduodenal ligament 1339, 1343, 1744, 1804, 1807
Hepatolenticular degeneration 2981
Hepatopulmonary syndrome 1615, 1913
Hepatorenal syndrome 1913
Hermaphroditism, true 2745f
Hernia 1809
congenital 1809
diaphragmatic 3330, 3333f
incisional 1881
internal 1773, 1809, 1810, 1811t
intrapericardial 3330, 3331
sites of external 1773
type of 1811
Herniation
pits 3838
transtentorial 713, 713f
Herpes encephalitis 253f, 254f, 2919f, 2921f
Herpes simplex 3121, 3649
encephalitis 252, 2916
neonatal 2920
virus 264, 832, 3099
Herpes zoster 3116
Herringbone artefact 1007, 1007f
Heschl's gyrus 24
Heterogeneity, mottled areas of 1844
Heterotopia 264, 316
Hexamethylpropylene amine oxime 1264
Hiatal hernia 3330
large 3330f
Hibernoma 846
Hickory stick fractures 3903
Higher mental function, disorders of 826
High-frequency sound waves 1259
High-KV technique 2989
High-pressure balloons 1103
High-resolution peripheral quantitative
computed tomography 3732
imaging 3731
Hilar cholangiocarcinoma, nonresectability of 1672
Hilar enlargement 3221
Hilar malignancies 1669
Hilar obstruction 1680
Hill-Sach's defect, typical 3861f
Hill-Sach's deformity 3909
Hill-Sach's lesion 3860, 3860f
reverse 3862f
Hilum convergence sign 3048
Hilum overlay sign 3047, 3047f
Hindbrain dissection 830
Hip 1195, 3583, 3825
childhood idiopathic chondrolysis of 2825
clinical advantages of 3725t
developmental dysplasia of 2802, 2803
dislocation of 3913
disorders, pediatric 2801
effusion, right 2801f
flexed transverse plane 2808f
joints
bilateral 3636f
effusion 2813f
plain X-ray of 3606f
tuberculosis of 2812
normal 2806
sonoanatomy of 2799
osteoarthritis 3675
pediatric 2797
trauma, pediatric 2824
X-ray left 2818f
Hirschsprung's disease 2564, 2565f, 2566f, 2567, 2567t
Histiocytoma
benign fibrous 846, 3736
fibrous 464
Histiocytosis 414, 2834f, 2835f
X lymphangioleiomyomatosis 3312
Histogenesis, disorders of 2862
Histoplasma 236, 3116
capsulatum 3102
Histoplasmosis 2503, 3042, 3055, 3102, 3699
Hitch-Hiker's deformity 3628f
Hitch-Hiker's thumb 3629
Hodgkin's disease 1234, 1243f, 1592, 1863
Hodgkin's lymphoma 607, 1384, 1510, 1836, 1862, 1863f, 2514f, 3767, 3887
Hoffa's fat pad, infrapatellar 3798f
Hoffa's infrapatellar fat pad 3805
Hoffman reflex 824
Hollow viscus 1797
Homocystinuria 3721
classic 2976
Honda sign 3560
Honeycomb cysts 3067, 3067f
Honeycombing
differential diagnosis of 3068t
significance of 3067
Hooke's law 895
Hookwire bracketing 4007
Hookwire localization, preoperative 4003
Hookwire migration 4006
Hoop stresses 3780, 3785
Hormonal replacement therapy 3977
Hormone, adrenocorticotropic 384
Horner's syndrome 822
Horseshoe kidney 2655, 2656f
Hospital information system 1163, 1225
Host cells, modified 1558
Hot cross bun sign 823, 823f
House maid's knee 3926
Huber maneuver 200
Huebner's arteritis 260
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3977
Human immunodeficiency virus 108, 257, 261, 264, 1654, 1836, 2505f, 3113, 3645, 3649
associated dementia 295
associated nephropathy 2057
associated neurocognitive disorders 295
encephalitis 257, 258f
encephalopathy 295
infection 1852
lymphadenopathy 2274
positive children 2503
Human papillomavirus 585
Humerus
fracture of neck of 3909
surgical neck of 3910f
Hunt and Hess grade 165t
Hunter's syndrome 2532
Huntington's chorea 818
Huntington's disease 105
Hurler's syndrome 2769f
Hürthle cell 574t
neoplasms 571
Hutch diverticulum 2666f
Hyaline membrane disease 2474
Hyaloid detachment, posterior 464
Hybrid
coil 986
detectors 916
gradient and spin-echo sequences 1289
magnets 978
nerve sheath tumors 845
sequences 1051, 1056
subtraction 1088
Hydatid 3657
appearance of 1816
calcified 1842
complications of 1560
layers of 1852
of right kidney, ruptured 2157f
structure of 1558
suprasellar 2918f
disease 250, 1558, 1852, 2916, 3104, 3604, 3649
manifestation of 1816
sand 1559, 1852
Hydatidiform mole 2376f
Hydatidosis, primary 1816
Hydranencephaly 2858, 2891
Hydration 1157
Hydrocele 2724, 2724f
Hydrocephalus 145, 214, 214f, 228, 832f, 2891, 2910
obstructive 246f
traumatic 714
Hydrogen 924
Hydromelia 2783f
Hydronephrosis
nonobstructive 1952
obstructive 1952
Hydrophilic guidewire, soft 1682
Hydropneumothorax 3079f, 3106, 3308f
Hydrosalpinx 2320f, 2345, 2346f
Hydroxyapatite deposition disease 3922
Hydroxyiminodiacetic acid 1650
Hydroxymethylene diphosphonate 3553, 3595
Hygroma, cystic 541f, 3173
Hyoid bone, level of 969f
Hyperalgesia, unilateral 825
Hyperattenuating crescent sign 1777
Hypercalcemia 1691, 1711, 3699t
infantile 3699
Hypercalciuria, idiopathic 3721
Hypercoagulable state 1629
acquired 1628
Hypercortisolism 3710
Hyperechoic fibrous component 1752
Hyperemic rim, ablation-induced 1600
Hyperenhancement, areas of 1592
Hypergonadism 3710, 3713
Hyperintense
lesions 100f
multiple 106f
Hyperlipidemia 1691, 1711, 3475
Hypernephroma 3774, 3775f, 3776f
Hyperosmolar reactions 1155
Hyperostosis frontalis interna 13, 14, 16f
Hyperparathyroidism 9, 12, 13f, 14f, 1711, 2192f, 3173f, 3561, 3686, 3695, 3699f, 3721, 3722, 3922
brown tumor of 3534, 3535, 3747
ectopic 399
primary 3699, 3702t
secondary 3699, 3702t
Hyperphosphatemia, idiopathic 3922
Hyperplasia 3163
atypical
adenomatous 3197, 3198, 3217
ductal 3951, 3972
lobular 3980
benign prostatic 904, 962f, 963, 1954, 2133, 2133f
congenital adrenal 2247f
endometrial 2339, 2340f
focal nodular 904, 1127, 1128, 1536, 1544, 1545f, 1581, 2607
hepatocellular 1536
Hyperprolactinemia 3721, 3722
Hypertension 838, 1155, 3057, 3475
chronic thromboembolic pulmonary 3492, 3495f
idiopathic
portal 1906
pulmonary arterial 3495
left sided portal 1909
noncirrhotic portal 1906t
portal 1896t
pulmonary 3493f
arterial 3492
renovascular 1952, 2013, 2161
Hypertensive bleed 839f
Hyperthyroidism 551, 3699, 3710, 3712, 3721
Hypertonia 823
Hypertrichosis 2778
Hypertrophied bronchial arteries, multiple 3344f
Hypertrophy
benign masseteric 516
diffuse mucosal 490f
Hypervascular metastases, enhancement of 1590
Hypervitaminosis 3686
Hypoadrenalism 3699
Hypoalbuminemia 1809, 1820
Hypoattenuating lesion 1554f
Hypochondrial pain, right 1882f
Hypochondrium, right 1784f
Hypodense
cysts in liver, multiple 1537f
filling defect 1772f
lesions, small 1538f
lymph node, multiple 969f
nodules, multiple 560f
Hypodensity
central 1743
diffuse 1716
Hypoechoic lesion
multiple 1553f
round 1557f
Hypoechoic mass, homogeneous 1319
Hypogammaglobinemia 3067
Hypoglycemia 302
symptoms of 1760
Hypogonadism 1521, 3710, 3713, 3721, 3722
Hypointense
mass, rounded 2355f
spleen, normal 1846f
Hypokinesia 3390f
Hypoparathyroidism 17, 3708, 3922
Hypoperfusion
areas of 1709
complex 1788t
Hypopharyngeal collapse 2524
Hypopharynx 514f, 586, 596, 1330, 2524
carcinoma of posterior wall of 597
Hypophosphatasia 2768, 3687, 3693, 3699, 3721
Hypophosphatemia, X-linked 3692
Hypophosphatemic rickets, primary 3687
Hypophysitis, lymphocytic 404, 408f
Hypopituitarism 3711
Hypoplasia 2331, 2532
cochlear 445
condylar 663
Hypoproteinemia, result of 1875
Hypotension 1154, 1155
in preterm neonate, mild-to-moderate 2897
Hypothalamus 186
Hypothyroidism 552, 3710, 3711
congenital 3711
Hypotonia 823
Hypovolemia, correction of 1464
Hypoxia 831
mild-to-moderate 2868, 2881
prolonged partial 2880
Hypoxic injury, severe 2879f
I
Idiopathic calcinosis universalis 3922, 3923, 3923f
Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome 3153
Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disorders 285
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, chronic fibrosing 3128, 3129, 3132, 3138
Idiopathic pulmonary
neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia, diffuse 3217, 3236
syndrome 3123, 3124
Idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, diffuse 3692, 3708
Idiosyncratic anaphylactoid reactions 1152
mechanism of 1153
Ifosfamide 1391, 3693
Ileal adenoma 1479f
Ileal carcinoids 1373
Ileal lipoma 1367f
Ileocecal junction 1653
Ileocecal valve 1373, 1407, 1768, 1805
Ileocystoplasty, conduit of 1369
Ileum, site-distal 1376
Iliac artery
common 3461f
external 2201f
ostial stenosis of bilateral 3514f
rupture of external 3518f
Iliac crest 1695, 1969, 1990
Iliac fossa, right 1830f
Iliac ostial stenosis, management of bilateral 3514f
Iliac segments 3513
Iliac spine
anteroinferior 3840
anterosuperior 3840
Iliopsoas 2800, 3842
muscle compartment 2281
Iliotibial band 3797
friction syndrome 3798
Ilium 3825
Image-intensifier system, limitations of 1084
Imatinib 1352, 1382
therapy 1382
Immotile cilia syndrome 3067
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome 261, 294, 295
Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease 1392
Immunosuppressive treatment, use of 1660
Incomplete border sign 3294
Incus
articulating surface of 443f
body of 443f
long limb of 443f
Index finger, middle phalanx of 3741f
Inexpensive disks, redundant array of 1166
Infections 663, 687, 786, 801, 3052, 3129, 3138, 3149, 3155, 3813, 3843, 3873, 3891
acquired 2900
atypical 3058
community-acquired 3090
congenital 2920
consequences of 833
endobronchial 3058
spread of 3058
epidural space 3653
intestinal 1821
intracranial 2900
neonatal 2900
nontubercular 3342
routes of 832
superadded 3261
types of 3649
uncontrolled 1913
Infectious disorders 671
Inferior vena cava 1586, 1617, 1628, 1629, 1636, 2265, 2271, 3024f, 3325, 3369, 3370, 3433
stenosis 1915
Infertility 1964
causes of 2310
treating 2326
Inflammation
areas of 1719
sign of active 1442
Inflammatory
demyelination, monofocal acute 286
diseases, chronic 1314
granulomas, multiple 1591
nodes, benign 1327
Influenza virus 3090, 3098, 3099
Infrahyoid neck 512, 536
spaces of 512t
Infrarenal abdominal aorta, aneurysms of 3464
Infratemporal fossa 514, 518f, 607f
Infratentorial tumors
classification of 356, 357t
imaging of 356
Infundibulum 383f, 492
Injury
acid-induced 1316
avulsion 3840
chronic 747
avulsive 3810
dashboard 3810
esophageal 3286, 3286f
hypoxic 2899f
ischemic 2880, 2881
iatrogenic 2237
interspinous ligament 745f
intervertebral disk 745
intraoperative diaphragmatic 1888
ischemic 1451
level of 737
ligamentous 736, 745
severity of 738
subacute 747
traumatic 1849
Inner ear
abnormalities 445
inflammatory conditions of 452
Innominate artery compression syndrome 2527
Insensitive labeling technique, transfer 1031
Inspissated bile syndrome 2641
Insufflation pump 1414f
Insufflation tube catheter 1414f
Insular cistern 842
Insulinoma 1355, 1761
Intensifier fluoroscopy system 1080f
Intensity projection
minimum 1287, 3009
Intensive care
chest radiology 3269
unit 1219, 2994, 3269
Intercostal
arteries posterior 3345
veins, paravertebral 3310
Interface sign 3303
Interior vena cava, joining 1281f
Interlobular septal thickening, smooth 3061f
Interloop fluid 1787
Internal auditory canal 368, 442f, 446
lipomas 374
Internal capsule, posterior limb of 40, 2879f
Internal carotid artery 47, 195, 197, 382, 383, 485f, 489f, 562f, 680, 682f, 829
stenosis 56
Internal mammary
artery 3345f
lymph node 4014f
International Association for Study of Lung Cancer 3197
International Commission of Radiation Protection 1199, 1201
International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria 1721
International League Against Epilepsy Classification of Epilepsy 850
International League of Associations of Rheumatologists 3635
International Neuroblastoma Staging System 2701t
International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery 1746
International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms 163, 163t
International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial 174
International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group 3025, 3030t, 3162f
Intersex, classification of 2738
Inter-Society Consensus for Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease 3509
Interstitial cell tumor, renomedullary 2069
Interstitial lung diseases, miscellaneous 3149
Interstitial pneumonia
nonspecific 3061, 3063, 3065, 3128, 3129, 3132, 3134f
rare 3135
smoking-related 3133
subacute 3135
usual 3067, 3129
Intestinal hydroxylases, small 1356
Intestinal obstruction, causes of 1767
Intestinal tract, adenocarcinoma of 1357
Intestine, small 1838
Intra-arterial therapy 133
Intracavernous internal carotid artery, anatomy of 196
Intracranial aneurysms
endovascular management of 161
ruptured 142
Intracranial calcification, causes of 17t
Intracranial hemorrhage, grading of 2870
Intraepithelial neoplasia, noninvasive 1337
Intrahepatic biliary radicle
dilatation, mild 1624f
normal 1290f
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, peripheral 1670
Intrahepatic collaterals, veno-venous 1630
Intralesional ethanol, distribution of 1597
Intraluminal
brachytherapy, application of 1678
fluid, large amount of 1767
membranes, consist of 1771
Intramural air 1767
foci 1772f
Intraosseus cavernous hemangioma, primary 687f
Intraperitoneal abscesses, screening for 1772
Intraperitoneal air, presence of free 1875
Intratesticular arteries, velocities in 1957
Intravenous urography, role of 2224
Intussusception, diagnosis of 1773
Invasive carcinoma, types of 2085f
Iodinated contrast media
administration, dosage of 1148
types of 1144f
Iodine 924
distribution maps 3488
Iodixanol 1146
Iomeprol 1146
Iopamidol 1146
Ioxaglate 1146
Ipsilateral diaphragm, inversion of 3284
Irinotecan 1607
Iris 1213
Iron
content 1618
virtual 1508
deposition 931
indices 1896
overload 3895
oxide particles
superparamagnetic 1120
ultrasmall superparamagnetic 1120, 1121, 3882
oxide-based contrast agents 1120
Ischemia 713, 1701, 3388, 3897
acute nonocclusive mesenteric 1460
arterial 1457
chronic mesenteric 1460, 1461f1463f
colonic 1451, 1463
intestinal 1827
venous occlusive 1459t
Ischemic bowel disease
acute 1459t
pathophysiology of 1453
Ischemic heart disease, pathophysiology of 3386
Ischemic stroke, pathophysiology of acute 122t
Islet cell tumor 1588, 2612, 2614t
functioning 2614
Isodense 1732, 1827
cancers 1733
Isoleucine 220
Isoniazid 1520
Isthmus 3447
Ivabradine 1251
Ivory vertebra 3652, 3767f
appearance of 3671f
J
Jailing microcatheter 168
Japanese Association for Research on Thymus 3162
Japanese encephalitis 253, 255f, 256f, 836f, 2918, 2919f
Jaundice 1521, 1651fc, 2642
diagnosis of 2620
etiology of 2620
obstructive 1611, 1651
type of 1645
Jaw
cysts 642
lesions, primary 516
tumors like conditions of 634
Jejunal enhancement, normal 1439
Jejunal gastrointestinal stromal tumor, recurrent 1383f
Jejunal loops
hyperenhancement of 1787f
well-distended 1278f
Jejunum proximal 1371
Join dots sign 227
Joints
capsular swelling 3906
deformities 3626
degenerative disease of 3660, 3671
disorders 3702
effusion 3803
imaging 3562
infections, nontubercular 3595
interphalangeal 3681
of Luschka 3660
overuse 3673
peripheral 3639
space
narrowing 3628, 3832
widening 3627
tuberculosis of 3580, 3583
uncovertebral 3667
Jugular bulb pseudolesion 628
Jugular chain, internal 542
Jugular foramen lesions 626, 627
Jugular fossa 628f, 457f
Jugular vein 531, 557f
internal 49, 455f, 5515f, 31
Jumper's knee 3798
Juxtaglomerular cell tumor 2069
Juxtaventricular region, right 343f
K
Kaposi's sarcoma 678, 845, 1363, 1392, 1399, 1479, 1498, 1821, 1823, 3056, 3113, 3123, 3155
lesions of 1392
Kartagener's syndrome 3059, 3263f
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome 1552
Kasai operation 2626
Kawasaki disease 3508
Kayser-Fleischer ring 1510
Kearns-Sayre syndrome 2971
Kerley's B lines 3043f, 3375, 3375f, 3378
Kerma-area product 1191
Kernicterus 831
Keyhole appearance 3670
abnormalities of 2653
anatomical characteristics of 1969
bilateral
enlarged 2051f
large smooth 2185t
clear cell sarcoma of 2072
cortex of 1949f
cystic diseases of 2699
disease stage, chronic 1118
duplex 2656
enlargement of 1990
hydronephrotic 1988f, 2693
injury, acute 1117, 1119, 1156
neonatal 1949t, 2652
nonfunctioning 2302f
normal 1948f
parenchyma 1020f
rotational anomaly of 2654f
sectional anatomy of 1947f
spleen, left 1790f
transplant 2291f
tumors 2088t
vascular anatomy of 2286f
Kienbock's disease 3562, 3908f, 3912
Kikuchi disease 547
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease 547
Killian dehiscence 1306
Killian-Jamieson diverticula 1306
Kim and Spetzler modified anatomic classification 775t
Kimura disease 546
Kinetic curve assessment 3963
Kissing balloon technique 3514f
Kissing contusions 3810
Klatskin's tumors 1671, 1672
Klebsiella 3044, 3092, 3116
pneumonia 3035, 3036f, 3090, 3092, 3094
Klippel-Feil syndrome 673, 675f, 822
Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome 774, 779, 1355, 1366, 1861, 3569
Klippel-Trenaunay veins 3570f
Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome 3932
Knee 3584
anterior structures of 3798
anterolateral corner of 3797
central structures of 3788
dislocations 3797
extensor mechanism of 3798
jerk 824
bilateral 3907f
lateral radiograph of 3744f
radiograph of 3746f
medial structures of 3792
osteoarthritis 3677
posterior structures of 3796
posterolateral corner of 3795
posteromedial structures of 3794
postoperative evaluation of 3816
tendons of 3788
tuberculosis of 3805
Knosp grading system 392t
Kohler's disease 3562
Komi's classification 2628f
Kopan's needle-hookwire assembly 4004f
Krabbe disease 2953, 2956f
Krukenberg's tumors 1342, 1344f, 1411, 1831
Kulchitsky cell 1373
Kupffer cells 1544, 1545
Kyphosis 791, 3670
L
Labrum 3841
Labyrinthine aplasia, complete 445
Labyrinthitis
hematogenic 452
ossification 452
post-traumatic 452
Lacrimal gland, left 473f
Lacunar infarcts 838
Ladd's bands, midgut malrotation with 2555f
Lamina
cribrosa 485f, 489f
dura, loss of 3700f
papyracea 485f, 488
propria 1382
submucosa 1372
Langerhans cell histiocytosis 404, 408f, 846, 2641, 2834, 3052, 3055, 3058, 3068, 3069f, 3129, 3138, 3139, 3145, 3158f, 3533f, 3537
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, complication of 1888
Laparotomy, emergency 1357
Large bowel 1885, 2563
loops 1653
obstruction 1880
pathology 1765
Laryngomalacia 2524
Laryngotracheobronchitis, acute 2522
Larynx 586, 599
staging of carcinoma of 600t
Laser
ablation 1595, 1598, 1600
induced thermotherapy 966
spot size 1059
Latissimus dorsi 3984
Le Fort classification 722t
traditional 722
Le Fort fractures 724, 726
Lead pipe 823
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy 2974
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease 2816
Legionella 3091, 3116
pneumonia 3097
pneumophilia 3090, 3095
Leigh disease 307, 2972, 2973f
Leiomyoblastomas 1377
esophageal 1319, 1320
multiple 1319
treatment 1319
Leiomyomatosis
diffuse peritoneal 1828
esophageal 1319
pertonealis disseminate 1828, 1824
Leiomyosarcoma 846, 1323, 1325, 1352, 1353, 1356, 1363, 1392, 1419f, 1824, 2083, 2277, 2590, 3935
jejunum 1393f
retroperitoneal 2279f
uterus 2085f
Leishmaniasis 495
Lemierre syndrome 527
Lemniscus, medial 40
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome 321
Lentiform 465
nucleus 26, 124f
Leprosy 495, 496f, 3604f, 3922
lepromatous 496f
Leptomeningitis 833
Lesions
glycolysis, total 1241
hyperintense, multiple small 243f
malignant 10, 521, 3202f
miscellaneous 1564
of breast
miscellaneous malignant 3989
proliferative benign 3969
short length 3508
solid 639
tumor like 401, 2835, 3736, 3745
Lesser trochanter, lesser 3825, 3840
Letterer-Siwe disease 11
Leucine 220
acute myeloid 2851f, 3882
chronic 3886
myeloid 3126f, 3888f
lymphoblastic 2731f
Leukocytosis 3155f
Leukodystrophy 100, 2951, 2951t
unclassified 2963
Leukoencephalitis
acute hemorrhagic 292, 293
hemorrhagic 293f
Leukoencephalopathy 105, 298, 307, 2951
Leukomalacia, periventricular 2875t
Lewy body disease 818
Leydig cell tumor 2730f
Lhermitte-Duclos disease 844
Ligament of Trietz 1805
Ligamentous complex, posterior 739
Ligamentum flavum 3660, 3664f, 3667f
Light's criteria 3295
Limb
ischemia
acute 3509
critical 3509
of incus, short 443f
trauma, upper 3909
Limbus vertebra 748
Linear array transducer 861
Lingual salivary gland inclusion defect 645
Lingular segment, superior 3032f
Lip 586, 587, 3157
carcinoma of 589f
venous malformation 690f
Lipid rich tissues 3165
Lipiodol 1601, 1605
Lipoblastoma 2839, 2841f, 3928
Lipoid pneumonia
acute exogenous 3153
chronic exogenous 3153
exogenous 3154f
Lipoleiomyoma 2336f
Lipomatosis 3928, 3929f
epidural 769, 770
Lipomeningomyelocele 2787f
Lipomyelocele 2787
Lipomyelomeningocele 2777, 2787
Lipomyeloschisis 2777
Liposarcoma 846, 1352, 1353, 1824, 2277, 3338, 3750, 3769, 3928, 3930f
originates 1352
retroperitoneal 2278f
Lisfranc's dislocation 3916
Lissencephaly 264, 2854f
Lithium 3721
therapy 464
Littoral cell angioma 1862
abscess 1129, 1477f, 2609f
amebic 1557f, 2609f
bacterial 1554
subdiaphragmatic 3103f
acquisition with volume acceleration 3017
attenuation
index 1503, 1621f, 1625
mean 1625
bare area of 1903
benign focal lesions of 1536
biopsy 1522, 1635
cancer, children's oncology group staging of 2601t
cirrhosis 1519, 1532
nodules in 1516t
cirrhotic 1128, 1129
cysts
multiple simple 1538f
simple 1537f
disease
alcoholic 1615
diffuse 901, 1501, 1516, 3149, 3156, 3157, 3312
end stage 1533, 1616
malignant diffuse 1516
model for end-stage 1615
severe 3721
stages of 1522
donor, preoperative work-up of 1619f
dysfunction, advanced 1912
echogenicity 1507
elastography of 1503f
failure 1641
severe 1913
fat estimation 1625
fatty infiltration of 3987f
fluke 1521
function tests 1896
normal 1906
hypervascular tumors of 1592
iron content, estimation of 1508
ischemia and sepsis 1912
lesions
benign focal 1127, 1128t
classification of 1581f
ligaments of 1803, 1805, 1807
metastases 1415, 1417f, 1590, 1657, 1734, 3987f
hypervascular 1727
multiple 3987f
parenchyma 1539, 1545f, 1620, 1658
assessment of 1635
pathology 1281
perfusion
parameters of normal 949t
total 968, 969
pretransplantation evaluation of 1615
resection, partial 1286f
right lobe of 1541f, 1554f
secondary 1591
signal fat fraction 1504
size 1625
stiffness
factors influencing 901
measurement 901903
tract 1791
transplantation 969, 1133, 1531, 1615, 1643
assessment of 903
types of 1616
tumors 1595t
management of 1596
pathologic classification of benign 1536
pediatric 1550
treatment of 1595, 1611
unusual benign tumors of 1553
volume
analysis 1625
measurement of 1620
volumetry 1621f
Living donor liver transplant 1531, 1596, 1616, 1618
Lobar emphysema, congenital 2480
Lobes
orbitofrontal 708f
right and caudate 1514f
Lobular carcinoma in situ 3979, 3980
Localization techniques, preoperative 3703
Locoregional therapy 1596, 1617
Loculated empyemas, multiple 3306f
Loeffier syndrome 3063f, 3101
Longus colli tendinitis 536
Loop coil, surface 984, 984f
Looser's zones 3693, 3694
Low attenuation cystic focal lesion 629f
Low back pain, causes of 786t
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding, cause of 1463
Lower limb 861
trauma 3913
Lower lobe
collapse 3038
distribution 3058, 3067
Lower motor neuron signs 823t
Lucent lesion, single 11f
Luftsichel sign 3038, 3040f
Lumbar spine
degenerative diseases of 790
radiograph 3730
trauma 2472
Lumbar vertebral bodies, upper 791f
Lumen, thrombosis of false 3470
Lumpy bumpy soft tissue 3642
drainage 3362
adenocarcinoma 3229f
aeration, asymmetric 3242
agenesis 3298
anatomy, normal segmental 3032f
attenuation 3130
action project, early 3230
central 3222f
malignancy predominantly 3699
recurrent 3232
staging of 3225
treatment of 3229
capacity, total 2992
carcinoma of 812f, 1831
collapse 3242
cysts 3068t
incidental 3069
mimics of 3157
disease 2538, 3050, 3089
basic patterns of 3034, 3050
cystic 3067
eosinophilic 3149, 3152
infiltrative 3071
inflammatory 3342, 3345
interstitial 3007f, 3021, 3128, 3129, 3138, 3142, 3149, 3157
emphysematous 3089f
herniation, traumatic 3282
hydatid disease of 2503
hyperplasia 2538
injury, drug-induced 3125
involvement, posterolateral 3345
malignancies 3232
masses 2507
metastases 2512f
multiple 2847f, 3020f, 3236f
ossified 3237f
nodules 3016, 3052t
detection 3016
multiple 3256f
parenchyma 3107f, 3285f, 3348, 3357f
bilateral 3051f, 3068f, 3069f, 3100f
normal 3069f, 3145f
parenchymal complications 2493
parenchymal window settings 3200f
perfusion 3016
blood volume 3488
pleural interphase 3016
point sign 3315
segments 3030
sliding
absence of 3314
sign 3280
tumors
primary 2511
WHO classification of 3217t
ultrasound 3085
volume
dynamic 3016
overall 3068
Luteinizing hormone 384
releasing hormone 403
Lyme disease 271, 297, 299
Lyme neuroborreliosis 297
Lymhangioleiomyomatosis 3314f
Lymph node 519, 531, 575t, 905, 1261f, 1507, 1765, 2272, 3016, 3025, 3030, 3163
diffuse enlarged 1834
enlarged 1778, 2499f
mesenteric 1487
hilar 3046f
intramammary 3964
intraparotid 519
invasion 1372
involvement 1339
absence of 1383
para-aortic 1991
locoregional 1328, 1417f
lymphomatous 1325
masses 2709
metastasis
extensive 1326
number of 1327
morphological characteristics of 544
normal-sized 1411
retroperitoneal 1836, 2448f
retropharyngeal space 542
suppurative 546
supraclavicular 543
Lymphadenitis, tuberculous 1821
Lymphadenopathy 546, 1371, 1626, 1821, 1834, 3016, 3077f, 3109, 3115, 3189f
benign 2272
bilateral hilar 3042f, 3140
diffuse 546
mesenteric 1821t
reactive 544, 1445
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis 3068, 3069f, 3145, 3157, 3158, 3129, 3159f, 3217
benign neoplasms 1861
retroperitoneal 2709
Lymphangiomatosis, diffuse pulmonary 3217, 3322
Lymphatic
extension 1831
malformation 540, 1829, 1851, 2438, 3933
nodules 3052
spread 1401
system 1829
Lymphocytic infiltration 2078f
Lymphoid tissue, mass of 1842
adrenal 2257
anaplastic large cell 846
classification of 1384
esophageal 1325
female genital tract 2376
follicular 1384
ileum 1387f
intramedullary 756, 757
intraperitoneal spread of 1836
jejunum 1386f
kinase, anaplastic 3216
malignant 3043
of bone, primary 3750
of peritoneum, primary 1836
percentage of patients of 1864
postradiotherapy of 100f
post-transplantation 2202f
primary 350, 573
small bowel 1385f, 1388f
treatment 1325
uterus 2376f
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis 846, 3217
Lymphoplasmacytic infiltration 1720
Lymphoproliferative disorder, post-transplantation 1624, 3123, 3125, 3233
Lymphoreticular malignancies 653, 3358
Lynch syndrome 1363, 1369, 1400
Lyphosarcoma 3766
Lyre sign 532
Lysosomal storage
disease 105, 2950
disorders 2951
Lytic bone lesion 3534
M
MacLeod syndrome 3265
Macroadenomas 388
Macrocystic lesions 1751
Macrocystic lymphatic malformation 541f
Macrocystic neoplasm 1754f
Macrocystic serous cystadenoma 1753f
Macroglossia 2524
Macronodular form 1563
Macronodular variety 1512
Macroregenerative nodules 1536
Macular degeneration 465
Maduramycosis 3602, 3603f
Madurella infection 3586
Maffucci's syndrome 1355, 2760, 2761f, 3529f, 3741
Magnet geometry 979
Magnet isocenter 977
Magnet subsystem 975
Magnetic resonance 1230, 1241
angiography 55, 78, 82, 128, 143, 148, 781, 1037
arthrography 3823, 3836
cholangiopancreatography 1620, 1648, 1651, 1664
colonography 1416
contrast media 1111
elastogram 989
enterography 1292
fingerprinting 82
high-density focussed ultrasound 988
instrumentation 975
neurography 77
portography 1902
positron emission tomography 989
spectroscopy 101, 105, 107, 108, 324, 3753, 3883
in brain 2944
urography 2650
Magnetic resonance imaging 3, 19, 65, 88, 127, 143, 271, 356, 385, 412, 439, 463, 484, 509, 636, 678, 695, 720, 781, 823, 865, 975, 1153, 1216, 1226, 1288, 1344, 1573, 1590, 1651, 1727, 1750, 1901, 1969, 2989, 3085, 3162, 3218, 3243, 3320, 3450, 3480, 3506, 3523, 3611, 3621, 3646, 3671, 3703, 3723, 3752, 37933797, 3843, 3847, 3877, 3918
delayed enhancement 3396
functional 113, 1024
of bone lesions 3535
of hip 3812
of knee 3779
of pelvis 3821
of shoulder 3850
of temporomandibular joints 3850
pulse sequences 1050
Magnetization transfer 83, 228
constant 993
imaging 278
ratio 243
Magnetoencephalography 329
Magneto-optical disk 1167
Magnification angiograms 3566
Magnitude-contrast technique 1042
Malabsorption syndromes 3721
Malacoplakia 2058
Male anorectal anomalies 2579fc
Male breast cancer 3990
Male epispadias 2670
Male hypospadias 2670
Male infertility 2396
Male pseudohermaphroditism 2739, 2743f, 2744f
Malecot catheter 1706
Malformation, capillary 539, 2778
Malignancy
diseases 3922
intra-abdominal primary 1831
primary 4012
Malignant bone
pediatric 2843
staging of 2845
Malignant diseases 3722
Malignant mass 3920f
Malignant melanoma 3412f
symptoms 1359f
tumor emboli from 1831
Malignant nodule 3193, 3200f
Malignant tumor 651, 810, 1335, 1356, 1369, 1510, 2441, 3247, 3252, 3414, 3498, 3534, 3751t
of bone 3751t
of uterus 2081
of vulva 2086
seeding 1831
treatment of 1596
response of 1131
Malleoincudo joint 443f
Mallet finger 3912
Malleus
handle of 443f
head of 443f
Malpositioned chest tube 3285f
Mammogram 3973f, 3974f, 3975f, 3981f, 3990f
post-treatment bilateral 3988f
reporting of 3943
Mammographic evaluation, preoperative 3983
Mammography 1216, 1220, 3944t, 3950, 3951t, 3989f
basic physics 3940
equipment 1220, 3940f
and technique 3940
projections 3941
screening 3977
Mandibular arch, midline 589f
Mandibular fractures 728
Mandibular nerve 516
Manipulation, minimal possible 1682
Manometry test 1303
Manometry, esophageal 1299, 1303, 1303f, 1311f
Mantle cell lymphoma 1384
Maple syrup urine disease 2975, 2977f
Marburg disease 285
Marchiafava-Bignami disease 271, 304, 304f
Marching cleft sign 3784
Marfan's syndrome 3465, 3721
Margin flat, posterior 813
Marginal artery of Drummond 1294
Marginal sclerosis 10t
Marker clips 3996f
Marrow
edema 3897
leukemic infiltration of 3886f
replacement processes 3846
tumors 3750
Marshall scoring 1699
Mass 3247, 3943, 3961
adrenal 2700
appendiceal 1487, 1489f
benign 2585
osseous 2517
colonic 2594
complex 2348
congenital 2582, 2587, 2594
conglomerate 3205
esophageal 2582
extraluminal 1366
extrapleural 3293
extrinsic 414
fourth ventricular 432
homogeneous 2563f
hypervascular 628f, 1346
infectious 2588
inflammatory 2594
infundibular 386
intraluminal 1307, 1348
intrasellar 386
large
homogeneous 608f
isohypoechoic 1583f
mild enhancement of 367f
replacing gallbladder lumen 1666f
retroperitoneal 2685
suprasellar 386
Mass forming
cholangiocarcinoma 1583f
chronic pancreatitis 1730, 1731
Mass lesion 531
hypodense 955f
intramedullary 754f
Masseter muscle 522f, 590f
Mass-forming
chronic pancreatitis 1739f
intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma 1670
pancreatitis from carcinoma 1719
Massive effusions 3296
Massive fibrosis, progressive 3205
Massive hemoperitoneum 1552
Massive splenomegaly secondary 1856
Massive tumor 3298
Mastectomy 3984
Mastication, muscles of 516
Masticator space, lesions of 516t
Mastocytosis 3721
Mastoid air cells 442f, 448f, 451f
Mastoiditis 221f
Mastopathy, diabetic 3974
Material density display 928, 929f
Matrix mineralization 3527
Matted lymphadenopathy 546
Maxillary alveolus 722
anterior 722
lateral 722
Maxillary antrum and cheek, right 504f
Maxillary artery, internal 516, 682f, 689
Maxillary polyp, small 483f
Maxillary sinus 485f, 488f, 492, 496f, 499f
anterior wall of 722
floor of 589f
posterior aspect of 722
right 498f, 2762f
wall, medial 722
Maxillary wall, anterior 722
Maxillofacial fractures, classification of 721, 722t
Maxillofacial imaging 634, 636t, 639t
clinical aspects of 732
Maxillofacial lesions 639t, 640t
Maxillofacial region 642t
common radiopaque lesions of 657t
Maxillofacial trauma 719
Maxwell coil 982
McBurney point, classic 1482
McCune-Albright syndrome 13
McDonald criteria 2017 282, 283t
McGregor's line 664
McLone and Knepper theory 2784f
McRae's line 664
Mean transit time 76, 127, 130, 944, 945, 949, 956, 959, 1025
Measles encephalitis 255
acute 255
subacute 256
Measles virus 3099
Meatus, middle 492
Mechanical esophageal dysphagia 1300
Mechanical index 1124
Mechanical oropharyngeal dysphagia 1300
Mechanically unstable spine 736
Meckel's cave 624f
Meckel's diverticulitis 1373, 1392, 1474, 1486
Meckel's diverticulum 2560
Meconium aspiration syndrome 2478, 2479f
Meconium ileus 2559, 2560f
Meconium plug syndrome 2566
Medial orbital wall 722
Medial wall
fractures of orbit 727
of duodenum 1722
Mediastinal abscess drainage 3363
Mediastinal and pleural invasion 2513f
Mediastinal compartments, classification of 3163t
Mediastinal fat, abnormalities of 3183
Mediastinal fibrosis 3187f
Mediastinal germ cell tumor 2513f
Mediastinal hematoma 3185f, 3288
Mediastinal hemorrhage 3183
Mediastinal invasion 3227
Mediastinal lipomatosis 3183
Mediastinal lymphadenopathy 1720, 3139, 3159f, 3180, 3299f
tuberculous 3076f
Mediastinal lymphangioma 2515f, 3174f
Mediastinal lymphoma 3180f, 3412
Mediastinal mass 2512, 3165
anterior 1233f, 2449f, 2512
middle and posterior 2515
Mediastinal neuroblastoma 2516f
Mediastinal varices 3180
Mediastinal widening 3242, 3279, 3288
Mediastinitis
acute 3184
fibrosing 3186
Mediastinum 1326, 2463, 2998, 3019, 3021, 3162
anterior 3165
division of 2998f, 3162
posterior 3163f, 3176
testes 2383f
Medical radiation 1195t
Medical Research Council 822
Medium frequency transducer 859
Medullary
carcinoma 571, 3981, 3981f
cystic disease 2153
infarction 3812
nephrocalcinosis 3703f
sponge kidney 2152
thymoma 3169
thyroid carcinoma 572f
veins 157
Medulloblastoma 96, 356, 357f359f, 361f, 413, 414, 434, 436f, 844, 1400, 2929, 2929f
Medulloepithelioma 464, 844
Megacystis 2667
Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome 2560
Megalourethra 2670
Megaureter, primary 2212, 2664
Meglumine iotroxate 1648
Mehringer-Hieshima maneuver 199
Meig's syndrome 3296
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone 384
Melanocytic nevi 2778
Melanocytic tumors 846
Melanoma 464, 519, 615, 3205, 3217
primary malignant 1325, 1326
uveal malignant 468
Melanotic schwannoma 845
Melena 1466
Membranous obstruction 1629
Menetrier's disease 1347
Ménière's disease 446
Menigioma 464
Meningeal enhancement
abnormal 212t
normal 212t
Meningeal melanocytoma 846
Meningeal melanocytosis 846
Meningeal melanoma 846
Meningeal melanomatosis 846
Meningeal tuberculosis 2914
Meninges 830
tumors of 348
Meningioma 13, 14, 96, 98f, 334, 348, 371, 372f, 392, 414, 418, 464, 473, 618f, 621, 625, 678, 688, 757, 758f, 845, 848, 2942
anaplastic 845
angiomatous 845
anterior clinoidal 394f
atypical 845
cyclosporine toxicity 72
fibrous 845
intraventricular 420f
lymphoplasmacyte rich 845
malignant 845
parasagittal 5f
sphenoid wing 627f
Meningitis 817, 2906f
acute 833
bacterial 213
carcinomatous 817
chronic 834
diagnosis of 213
recurrent 225
sequelae of 2907f
tuberculous 226, 2909
Meningocele 10, 2777, 2787
anterior
sacral 2788, 2789f
thoracic 2517
Meningogenic labyrinthitis 452
Meningomyelocele, lumbosacral 2782f
Meningothelial meningioma 845
Meniscal cyst 2841f
Meniscal degenerations 3782
Meniscal tears 3782
classification of 3784
diagnosis of 3788
Meniscocapsular junction 3786f
Meniscocapsular separation 3786
Meniscus
abnormal 3782
lateral 3781
medial 3781
normal lateral 3781f
postoperative 3817
Meniscus sign 3284, 3297f
anterior flipped 3786
uncovered lateral 3789
Menkes’ disease 2983
Menstrual cycle, normal 1960t, 2312
Menstrual disorders 1964
Mesencephalon 20
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma 3750, 3762, 3936
Mesenchymal hamartoma 1536, 1550, 1552f, 2607, 2608f
Mesenchymal origin, masses of 542
Mesenchymal polyps 1337
Mesenchymal renal tumors 2068
Mesenchymal tumor 334, 349, 845, 848, 1377, 1498, 1829, 2061, 2614, 2708, 3217
malignant 1569, 1824
Mesenteric adenitis
primary 1822
syndrome 1821, 1823f
Mesenteric angiography 1293
Mesenteric artery
angiogram
inferior 1479f
superior 1479f
inferior 1294, 1451, 1452
meandering 1452, 3481
superior 1294, 1451, 1452f, 1480f, 1775, 3448
thromboembolism, superior 1454
Mesenteric cyst 1830f
Mesenteric desmoid 1827
Mesenteric edema 1442, 1445, 1817
Mesenteric fat 1773
Mesenteric fibromatosis 1827
Mesenteric fibrosis angulates 1374
Mesenteric hematoma 1790, 1798
Mesenteric infiltration 1798
Mesenteric injury 1787, 1797, 1798, 1798f
Mesenteric ischemia 1451, 1456, 1457t, 1695, 1775, 1776f
cause of 1775
suspected 1765
treatment of acute 1459
Mesenteric lipodystrophy 1819
Mesenteric lipoma 2594f
Mesenteric lymph nodes 1831
Mesenteric lymphadenopathy 1821
Mesenteric lymphangioma 1830f
Mesenteric mass 1834
in children 2593
Mesenteric neurofibroma 2594f
Mesenteric nodes, metastatic involvement of 1822
Mesenteric panniculitis 1819, 1821
Mesenteric retraction 1376
Mesenteric soft tissue masses 1816
Mesenteric tumors 2593
Mesenteric varices 1479
Mesenteric vasculature 1455
Mesenteric vein
inferior 1896
thrombosis 1820
Mesenteric vessels, superior 1741f
Mesentery embryology 1802
Mesial temporal
lobe
epilepsy 315
right 316f
sclerosis 315f
Mesoappendix 1482
Mesoatrial shunt 1640
Mesoblastic nephroma 2692, 2693f
Mesocaval shunt 1638, 1639, 1916
revision 1918f
Mesocolon, transverse 1806, 1807
Mesogastrium, posterior 1849
Mesorectal excision, total 1415
Mesothelial cells 1823
of sinusoids 1864
Mesothelioma 3317f, 3412
cystic 1824
malignant 1824, 1832, 3321
primary 1824
Metabolic abnormalities, primary 2768
Metabolic bone disease imaging 3561
Metabolic causes 1512
Metabolic crisis 2978
Metabolic diseases 1615, 3922
inherited 839
Metabolic disorders 100, 2949
classification of 2950, 2951
hereditary 105t
Metabolic origin, disorders of 3686
Metabolic syndrome 1519
Metacarpophalangeal joints 3682
arthritis of 3627
swelling of 3627
Metachromatic leukodystrophy 2951, 2952f2954f
Metadiaphyseal region of tibia, osteosarcoma of 3755f
Meta-iodobenzylguanidine 572, 3179
Metal artifact reduction 934
Metal metabolism, disorders of 2981
Metallic artefact, reduction of 3542
Metallic intraocular foreign body 470f
Metallic stent 1106f, 1683
Metanephric adenoma 2068f, 2698
Metanephric tumors 2061, 2067
Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia 3687, 3693
Metaphyseal irregularities 2755f
Metaphysis 2800, 3523, 3751, 3752, 3772, 3824f
cupping of 3689
widening of 3689
Metaplastic meningioma 845
adrenal 1415, 2255f, 3230f
cystic 1540, 1757
diagnosis of 1236f
distant 2067, 2097, 3226, 4015
evaluation of 2137
form colorectal cancer 1659
hematogeneous 1393, 1402, 3055, 3051f
hemorrhagic 3236f
hyperechoic 1588
hypervascular 1580, 1589f, 1590, 1610f
hypovascular 1589f, 1590, 1671
leptomeningeal 353, 759
lymph nodal 1672
post-treatment 10
small bowel 1394f
to ovary 2374f
Metastatic adenocarcinoma 574, 951f
Metastatic bone disease 3773
Metastatic brain tumors 142
Metastatic breast
cancer 3986
carcinoma 757f
Metastatic calcification 3052, 3921, 3922
Metastatic carcinoid syndrome 1838f
Metastatic carcinoma 3751
Metastatic deposits 1569
Metastatic disease 374, 759, 949, 1349, 1406, 1821, 3317, 3339, 3623, 4018
characterization of 1591
of liver, treatment of 1607
of skeleton 3775f
secondary malignancies 1586
Metastatic infection 3108
Metastatic involvement, secondary 1393
Metastatic lesions 1376
Metastatic liver tumors 1595
Metastatic lymph node 606f
enlargement 1733
Metastatic lymphadenopathy 523, 2274
Metastatic neoplasms 1393
Metastatic neuoroblastoma 476f, 3524
Metastatic neuroendocrine tumor 952f
Metastatic ovarian tumors 2374
Metastatic peritoneal disease 1809
Metastatic testicular germ cell tumor 2275f, 2710f
Metastatic tumors 334, 352, 847, 1335, 1357, 2061, 2075, 2081, 3217, 3570
peritoneal seeding of 1805
Metavir activity score 1522
Metavir scoring 1522t
Metazoal infestations 3103
Metencephalon 20
Metformin 1158
Methamphetamine 308
Methanol poisoning 307
Methemoglobin, extracellular 1771
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 3091
Methotrexate 1391, 1520, 3108
Methoxyisobutyl isonitrile 3965
Methyldopa 1520
Methylglutaconic aciduria 2979
Methylmalonic acidemia 2978, 2979f
Metnephric adenoma 2111
Metrizoate isopaque 1146
Meyer's loop 818
Meyer's traditionally classified 1809
Michele aplasia 445
Microadenomas 387
Microbubbles 1599
Microcatheter
injection 456f
system 1602
use of 1602
Microcatheterization of aneurysm 166
Microcoil 1707, 3351
Microcystic lesions 1751, 1752
Microcystic meningioma 845
Microgastria 2547
Micrognathia 2524
Microlithiasis, alveolar 3042
Micronodular disease 1512
Micronodular form 1563
Micronodulation 563
Microspheres 3351
Microsurgery 185
Microvessel density 948, 1132
Microwave ablation 1595, 1598, 1600, 3364
Micturating cystourethrogram 2676, 2679
Miculicz syndrome 464
Midaxillary approach 1680
Midazolam 1248
Midbrain 20, 27, 38f
Middle ear 451f, 456f, 628f
anomalies of 444
cavity 451f
examination 829
inflammatory conditions of 449
ossicles 448f
Migraine 284
Migrational disorders 2853
Miliary fungal infections 3055
Miliary infection 3052
Miliary nodules 3051f, 3115f
Miliary tuberculosis 2500f, 3042, 3055, 3078, 3078f
bilateral lung suggestive of 3042f
Milk-alkali syndrome 3699, 3922
Milkman's fracture 3694
Millard-Gubler syndrome 820
Milliampere-seconds value 1212
Milrinone 1250
Mimic pancreatic
carcinoma 1739
malignancy 1722
Minimally invasive carcinoma 3197
Mirror image artifacts 870, 879, 887
Miscellaneous diseases 1447
Mitochondrial disorders 2970, 2974t
Mitochondrial dysfunction 2951
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies 105, 2970
Mitomycin C 1607
Mitral regurgitation 3424
Mitral stenosis 3375f, 3418f
Mitral valve disease 3043
Mitral valvular disease 3424
Mixed origin, malignancies of 1569
Mobile C-arm system 1094
Modern mammography machines 3941
Modulation transfer function 1066, 1071, 1217
Moiré artefact 1001, 1001f
Molar tooth, unerupted last 643f
Molecular imaging
modalities 1259t
ultrasound based 868
Molecular weight, small 1112
Mollaret meningitis 253
Mondini's defect 446f
Mondor's disease 3974, 3975f
Moniliasis 3656
Monocular visual loss 818
Monoenergetic image display 928
Mononucleosis, infectious 1856
Monopolar single electrode 1599f
Monopolar system 1599
Monosodium urate 933, 3641
crystals 3642
Monteggia fracture
dislocation 3910, 3911f
reversed 3911
Morel Lavallee lesion 1800
Morgagni hernia 3022f, 3183f, 3184f, 3330, 3331, 3332f
Morison's pouch 1783
triangular in 1783
Morning stiffness 3627
Morquio's syndrome 2770f
Morrison's pouch 1766, 1808, 1831
Mortar and Pestle appearance 3585f
Mosaic attenuation 3072f
Mosfet detectors 1096
Moth-eaten bone destruction 3525, 3526
Motility disorder
esophageal 1308
primary 1309
secondary 1312
specific 1308
Motion artifact 996, 997f, 999f, 1013
suppression technique 999
Motor esophageal dysphagia 1300
Motor function 328
Motor neuron, upper 823t
Motor oropharyngeal dysphagia 1300
Motor system, disorders of 822
Motor vehicle accidents 1782
Mounier-Kuhn disease 3261, 3262f
Mounier-Kuhn syndrome 3260
Mouth, floor of 515, 586
Movement disorders 1262, 1262t
Mucin globules 1755
Mucinous adenocarcinoma 1498f, 3129
Mucinous carcinoma 3981, 3981f
Mucinous carcinomatosis, malignant 2076
Mucinous colloid carcinoma 1735
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of pancreas 2276f
Mucinous cystadenoma 1497, 3217
Mucinous cystic neoplasm 1751, 1752, 1753f, 1753t, 1754f, 1755, 1758
Mucinous neoplasms 1751, 1758
Mucinous tubular 2065
Mucinous tumors 2076
Mucocele 492, 615
hyperintense fluid contents of 493f
treatment of 1495
Mucociliary clearance abnormalities 3262
Mucocutaneous lesions 1421
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma 471, 497, 500, 519, 521, 521f, 3217, 3253
Mucoid impaction 3043, 3066, 3205
Mucolipidoses 2769
Mucopolysaccharidoses 676, 2769, 2958
Mucor 493
Mucormycosis 236, 239, 2924
Mucosa 1482
and fistula formation 1438
associated lymphoid tissue 847, 1347
Mucosal necrosis 1330
Mucosal telangiectasia 1474
Mucosal ulceration 1377
Mucous gland adenoma 3217
Mucous plug 3205
Mucus accumulation distending 1495
Mucus filled bronchiolectasis 3261
Mucus plug 3257f
Müller maneuvers 2994
Müllerian adenosarcoma 2083
Müllerian agenesis 2331
Müllerian anomalies 2715
nonobstructive 2716
obstructive 2715
Müllerian duct 2745f
abnormalities 2314
cyst 2140f, 2669
Müllerian tumor, malignant mixed 2078, 2084f
Multicentric carcinoma 1323f
Multicentric osteosarcoma 3754
Multicentric rhabdomyosarcoma of testis 2389f
Multicompartment mediastinal masses 3180
Multicystic dysplasia 2154f
Multicystic dysplastic kidney 2153, 2658, 2659f
Multicystic mesothelioma 1825
Multidetector computed tomography 19, 51, 60, 61, 63, 636, 735, 749, 1617, 1618, 1726, 1750, 1755, 1764, 1899, 1970, 2521, 3004, 3242, 3280, 3326, 3332, 3336, 3389, 3410, 3446, 3488, 3723, 3733
evaluation of pancreatic pathology 1286
of spine 60
Multidetector-row computed tomography 1571
Multiecho data image combination 3541
Multifocal breast cancer 3983f
Multifocal carcinomas 1400
Multifocal fibrotic changes 1716
Multifocal leukoencephalopathy, progressive 260t, 294, 259, 270, 285
Multifocal osteosarcoma 3760f
primary 3759
Multifocal peritoneal thickening 1816
Multifocal polypoidal masses 1350
Multifollicular ovarian morphology 2324f
MultiHance 1115
Multilayered thin-walled cyst 3131f
Multilobulated mass 1828
Multilocular cystic
mass 1540f
nephroma 2696f
renal
cell carcinoma 2062, 2062f
tumor 2695
Multilocular inclusion cyst 1825
Multilocular lesion, large expansile 638f
Multiloculated cystic mass 1830f, 2144f
Multinodular goiter 551, 560f, 565
Multiphasic computed tomography 1596
Multiphasic pulmonary angiogram 3018f
Multiplanar capability 1288
Multiplanar modality, true 3535
Multiplanar reconstruction 1987, 1992, 3245, 3288
Multiplanar reformation 1221, 3382
Multiple adenomas 1365
Multiple aneurysms 149
Multiple beam equalization radiography, advanced 2990
Multiple bilateral thin-walled cysts 3069f
Multiple brain abscesses 218f, 221f, 222
Multiple calcified
lesions 16f
nodular opacities 3046f
Multiple carcinoids 1350f
Multiple carpal dislocations 3912
Multiple cartilaginous exostoses 2760
Multiple discrete 1552
Multiple echoes 878
Multiple lesions 759
Multiple organ injuries, situation of 1787
Multiple polyps 496f, 2596f
in colon 1405f
Multiple sclerosis
diagnosis of 272
treatment of 284
Multiple splenules, presence of 1851
Multiple tissue weightings 81
Multiple tuberculomas 231f, 233f
Multiple tuberculous abscesses 235f
Multiple vascular flow 783f
Multiplesclerosis 818
Multiple-system atrophy 823f
Multislice computed tomography 3402, 3423
Multisystem atrophy 101
Multitransmit technology 987
Multivoxel spectroscopy 93
Mumps 1691
Mural edema 1776
Mural lesions 1364
Mural nodularity 1755
Mural nodule appearance 754
Mural thickening 1778
Murphy's sign 1770f, 1771
Muscle 880
atrophy of 3858f
bulk 822
contusions 3840
deltoid 3852, 3853
extraocular 819
guarding 1486
hypertrophied 2551f, 2585f
infraspinatus 38513853
intercostal 3001
layer, hypoechoic 2563f
normal 907
prevertebral 531f, 599f
strain 3841
tone 823
tumors, smooth 1377, 3935
weakness 3673
Muscle-stromal tumor, smooth 2083
Muscular crest, supraventricular 3385f
Muscular dystrophies, congenital 316
Muscular injury 786
Muscularis mucosa 1372
hypoechoic 1484
Muscularis propria 958f, 1372, 1408, 1415
Musculoskeletal
applications 933, 935
disorders 3553
imaging 2430
infections 3549, 3647
injuries 2465
lesions 3566
magnetic resonance imaging 3539
sarcoma, Enneking surgical staging 3752t
system 890, 1799
tissues, normal appearance of 3543
trauma 3560
tumor 3545
imaging 3554
Musculotendinous injuries, traumatic 3840
Mushroom appearance 767
Mutiple tiny cysts, formation of 1751
Mycetoma 3080f, 3101f, 3195f, 3208, 3208f
Mycobacteria 3595
Mycobacterial infection 3059f
atypical 3067, 3593
Mycobacterial pneumonias 2504
Mycobacterium 3580, 3608, 3609
avium complex 1655
avium-intracellulare infection 1821, 1822, 3059, 3120
leprae 3602
tuberculosis 1429, 1852, 3044, 3058, 3075, 3080f, 3179, 3608
infection 2274f
Mycoplasma 3042, 3063, 3155
pneumoniae 3090, 3095, 3097f, 3149, 3150f,
Mycotic aneurysm 153, 162, 3462f
Mycotic pseudoaneurysm 1776f
Myelencephalon 20
Myelin
oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 289
water
fraction 281
imaging 281
Myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis 286
Myelinolysis, central pontine 271, 301f
Myelitis 287, 288
Myelocele 2781
Myelocystocele 2788
terminal 2777
Myelofibrosis 14, 3895f
Myelography 786
Myeloid depletion 3893
Myelolipoma 1536, 2257
adrenal 2261f
Myeloma 9, 516, 813, 3699, 3751
mandible typical of 13f
Myelomeningocele 2777, 2781
Myelopathy 736
causes of 780f
Myeloproliferative disorders 1550, 1856
primary 1629
Myeloschisis 2777
Mylohyoid muscles 586f, 594f
Myoblastoma 464
Myocardial blood flow 1263
Myocardial diseases, miscellaneous 3407
Myocardial function 3397
Myocardial infarction 3386, 3387
Myocardial ischemia 3386
detection of 3395
Myocardial mass 3389
Myocardial perfusion imaging 1245, 3387
Myocarditis 3407
evaluation of 3398
Myocardium, thinning of 3390f
Myoclonic epilepsy 2971
Myoepithelial hamartoma 1353, 1355
Myofascial pain 907
Myofibroblastic neoplasms 1862
Myofibroblastic tumor 1355, 2838, 3933
congenital peribronchial 3217
Myofibroblastoma 846
Myofibroma 2839
Myofibromatosis 2839
Myoinositol 90, 258, 324
Myometrium 2364f
Myositis ossificans 516, 2838, 2839f, 3534, 3535, 3907f, 3924, 3924f, 3933
post-traumatic 3924f
progressiva 3925, 3925f
Myotendinous strain 3841
Myriad benign hepatic lesions 1566
Myxoid
content, masses with high 1827
sarcoma 3232f
stroma 1827
Myxoma 3412, 3736
Myxopapillary ependymoma 753, 753f, 843
N
N-acetyl aspartate 90, 324
N-acetylcysteine 1157
Naegleria fowleri 251
NAFLD-NASH continuum 1501
Nakamura classification 1625
Naked facet sign 742
Nasal arch 722
Nasal bones 722
Nasal cavity 2524
Nasal fractures 723
Nasal polyposis, extensive 492f
Nasal septum 485f, 492, 722
deviation 486
Nasal structures 484
Nasal turbinates 492
Nasoalveolar cyst 645
Nasofrontal suture 722
Nasogastric tube 1466
detection of 1799
Nasolabial cyst 645
Nasolacrimal duct 484, 485f
Naso-orbito-ethmoidal fractures 724
Manson classification of 726t
Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma 502f, 680, 682
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma 591, 606f, 621
staging of 593, 593t
Nasopharyngeal infections 621
Nasopharyngeal mass, large 592f
Nasopharyngeal-endoscopy 1299
Nasopharynx 6f, 514f, 528, 585, 591, 621, 2524
carcinoma of 592f, 593f
primary carcinoma of 3990f
National Breast Screening Studies 3977
National comprehensive cancer network 1571, 1740, 4015
National Council on Radiation Protection 1202
and measurements 1226
National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1171
National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study 734
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Study 133
National Library of Medicine 1176
National Wilms’ tumor study, staging system for 2688t
Natural language processing 85
Navigation systems 921
N-butyl cyanoacrylate 188, 203, 679, 1108, 1108f, 1256
Neck
and body of pancreas 1761f
and thorax, junction of 3021
fascial layers of 510
femoral 3825
hematoma 747
of pseudoaneurysm 1707
postradiotherapy of 608, 609f
spaces, imaging of 509
superior hypophyseal aneurysm 171f
Necrosectomy, site of 1701
Necrosis 3109
avascular 3562, 3823, 3825, 3866, 3872f
cavitary 2511f
cavitatory 2495f
extrapancreatic 1699
intratumoral 1826
Necrotic brain tumor 98
Necrotic degeneration 1757
Necrotic hypodense lesions, multiple 952f
Necrotic lymph nodes 545f
Necrotic lymphadenopathy 545
Necrotizing fasciitis 3335
Necrotizing leukoencephalopathy following chemotherapy 271
Necrotizing pancreatitis 1694
Necrotizing pneumonia 3106, 3107f
Needle biopsy, guidance of 3954
Needle-crystalline computed radiography detectors 1218
Negative predictive values 3392
Neisseria meningitidis 3116
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy 1238, 3984, 3986, 4017
form of 1330
Neoadjuvant therapy 1746
Neonatal brain, coronal slice of 832f
Neonatal death 1185
Neonatal jaundice, physiological 2619
Neonatal kidney, normal 1949f, 2652f
Neonatal respiratory distress, medical causes of 2474
Neonatal uterus, normal 1959f
Neonate, premature 2867
Neoplasm 519, 786, 822, 2583, 3035, 3342, 3867
adrenal 1629
and cysts 2901
angiosarcoma, malignant 1864
benign 1861, 2279, 3205, 3207
esophageal 1318
infiltrative 3814
lymphoma, malignant 1862
malignant 567, 1671, 1862, 2276, 2717, 3205, 3548f
metastases, malignant 1864
miscellaneous 586
of abdominal organs, primary 1809
of appendix, primary 1497t
peliosis, benign 1862
primary 2275
pulmonary 3216
retroperitoneal 2218
secondary 3416
Neoplastic collapse 812, 813, 813t
Neoplastic disorders 3108
Neoplastic lesions 805
of heart 3412
of paranasal sinuses 497
Neoplastic lymphadenopathy 1822
Neoplastic mass 2585, 2588, 2595
Neoplastic mesenteric lymph node enlargement, cause of 1822
Neoplastic pathology 1765
Nephritis, acute interstitial 2187
Nephroblastic tumors 2061
Nephroblastoma 2069, 2686
Nephroblastomatosis 2691
Nephrocalcinosis 3703
Nephrogenic adenofibroma 2698
Nephrogenic rests 2061, 2071
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis 1116, 1117, 3507
Nephrogram 1973
Nephroma
congenital mesoblastic 2072, 2072f
cystic 2107
Nephropathy, contrast-induced 1116, 1150, 1156
Nephrosclerosis
benign 2192
malignant 2192
Nephrotic syndrome 1809
Nerve 3845
chemical irritation of 795
cochlear 444f
entrapment syndromes 3863
hypoglossal 31, 822
injury 3906
classification of 77
root avulsion 746
sheath tumor 627, 758, 759f, 1824, 3178f
benign 3567f
peripheral 621, 3338
vestibular 444f
Network attached storage unit 1167
Neumomediastinum 3286f
Neural
arch tuberculosis 3613, 3614f
foramen stenosis 797
foramina 797
tube closure, failure of 2888
tumors 1354
Neurapraxia 77
Neurenteric cyst 2777, 2790, 3176
abdominal 13f
large abdominal 1244f
paravertebral 2703f
Neurocysticercosis 98, 104f, 242, 245t, 413, 427f, 2914
diffuse intraparenchymal 2915f
intramedullary 3658f
intraventricular 2917f
Neurocytoma
central 344, 346f, 414, 422, 424f, 844
extraventricular 844
Neuroendocrine carcinoma, large cell 3217, 3235
Neuroendocrine tumor 1232, 1292, 1363, 1372, 1497, 1574, 1727, 1730, 1739, 1751, 1838, 1849, 2061, 3163
classification of 1373t
generic term of 1373
nonfunctional 1739
Neuroenteric cyst 2583f, 3177, 3333f
Neurofibroma 9, 348, 464, 475, 503, 533, 534, 535f, 536, 845, 1363
atypical 845
lymphoma 464
tumor 2516, 2517
Neurofibromatosis 396, 663
Neurogenic bladder 2667, 2667f, 2673, 2681, 2682f
Neurogenic tumor 503, 516, 519, 531, 533, 1353, 1367, 2279, 2515, 2708, 2839, 3163, 3176, 3178f, 3937, 3938f
of kidney, primary 2699
Neuroimaging techniques, advanced 697
Neurologic deficit, major 841
Neurological disorder 817
Neuromuscular disorders, functional 1304
Neuromuscular dysphagia 1299
Neuromuscular hip dysplasia 2825
Neuromuscular junction 819
Neuromyelitis optica 286, 286, 288
Neuromyoarterial receptors 1354
Neuron 166
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 2981
Neuronal migration 319
Neuronal-glial tumors, mixed 334, 343, 844, 848
Neuro-oncology 2944
Neuropathic joints 3558
Neuropathic spine 805
Neuroradiology 2424
Neurosarcoidosis 235
Neurosarcoma 3750
Neurosyphilis 260
Neurotmesis 78
Neurovascular diseases 836
Neurovascular plexus 1805
Neurovascular structure enters 1953
Neutral oral contrast agents 1287
Neutron activation analysis 3723, 3724
Neutropenic colitis 1779f
Nightstick fracture 3911
Nimodipine 1250
Niobium-titanium alloy 978f
Nipple line, posterior 3942f
Nissen's fundoplication 1312
Nitrofurantoin 3068, 3108
Nitrogen 924
Nocardia 3655
asteroides 3116
infection 3117
Nocardiosis 242, 3042, 3649, 3654
Nodular adrenal hyperplasia, bilateral 2247f
Nodular airspace opacities, multiple 3035f
Nodular calcific opacities, multiple 3039f
Nodular enhancement 227
Nodular fasciitis 2838
Nodular form 1348
Nodular heterotopia 2855f
Nodular interlobular septal thickening 3054f
Nodular liver 1521
Nodular lung disease 3052t, 3058
Nodular opacities, multiple 3046f, 3100f
Nodular pattern 3040, 3050, 3088
Nodular peritoneal thickening 1856
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia 1536, 1550, 1580, 1906
Nodular septal thickening 3060
Nodular thyroid disease 565
Nodular transformation, partial 1906
Nodule 3156
adenomatous hyperplastic 1550
anatomic distribution of 3052
appearance of 3052, 3055
attenuation 3196
benign 3193
pulmonary 3017
regenerative 1635
centrilobular distribution of 3053f
craniocaudal distribution of 3051
distribution of 3053f
endometrial stromal 2082
enhancement 3199
growth 3198
isoechoic 582f
malignant nature of 1232f
margin, sharpness of 3052t
multiple 3122f, 3271f
random distribution of 3053f
size of 3055
solid 3196, 3204
type 3204
Noise
power spectrum 1066
reduction methods 1065
Nonaggressive cystic expansile lesions 628
Nonalcoholic fatty liver 1501
disease 901, 903, 1519
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis 1519
Non-bronchial systemic collaterals 3348
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema 3272
Noncaseating granulomas 1563
Noncirrhotic liver 1128, 1129
Noncirrhotic portal
fibrosis 1906, 1906fc
hypertension 1906
Noncontrast enhanced computed tomography 521
Nondetachable occlusion balloon 1109
Nonendocrine pancreatic malignancy 1726
Nonenhancing invasive lobular carcinoma 3964
Nonepithelial tumor 2215
of colon 1418
of paranasal sinuses 501
Non-fibrous hamartoma 1862
Nongadolinium-enhanced sequences 3960
Non-Gaussian kurtosis model 1731
Non-germ cell testicular tumors 2388
Nongynecologic pelvic masses 2721
Non-hemorrhagic neurological deficits 163
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 475, 476f, 519, 607, 756, 963, 1234, 1822, 1823f, 1836, 1862, 2103, 2260f, 2274f, 3233, 3234f, 3415, 3767f, 3887, 3888f, 3889f
incidence of 1384
of bone 3766
primary gastrointestinal 1383
risk of 1385
Nonidiosyncratic reactions 1155
Noninfectious disease 3108
Noninfective inflammatory arthritis 3626
Noninsulin producing tumors 1757
Nonionic contrast 3381
Nonketotic hyperglycinemia 2977
Nonmass-like enhancement 3962f
Non-meningothelial tumors 334, 349, 845, 848
Nonmobile echoes 1835
Non-neoplastic lesions 3417
Nonocclusive ischemia 1776
Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia 1455, 1457
Non-odontogenic
cysts 645
lesions 646, 655, 658
tumors 651
Nonosseous
injury 744
structures 3825
Nonossifying fibroma 2832, 2833f, 3524, 3533, 3535, 3736, 3742, 3743f
Nonpalpable seminoma of testis 2387f
Non-parasitic cysts, primary 1851
Nonpolypoid flat tissue 1336
Nonpyogenic bacterial infections 3654
Non-rhabdomyosarcomatous tumors 2850
Nonseminoma 2390
Non-steroid dependent 1547
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 1447
enteropathy 1447
Nontender mass, soft 1817
Nonthermal ablation 1600
Nonuric acid calculi 930f
Norie's disease 464
North American Spine Society 3663
North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial 56
Nose 1333
sinuses 482
Nosocomial
infection 3090, 3108
pneumonia 3089, 3091t
Notch sign 3784
Nothnagel's syndrome 820
Notochord formation, disorders of 2777
Notochordal integration, disorders of 2777
Nuclear imaging 1292, 1346
systems 1216, 1224
Nuclear lesions 820
Nuclear magnetic resonance 88, 1111, 1222
Nuclear medicine 2005, 3753, 3774
scintigraphy 3609
studies 1759
Nuclear molecular imaging, clinical applications of 1260
Nuclear scintigraphy 552
Nucleus 2067
abnormal 792
properties of 89t
pulposus 790, 791, 3662
Nutritional disorders 3721
Nystagmus 820
downbeat 820
upbeat 820
vestibular 820
O
O'Donoghue triad 3791, 3792f, 3810
Obesity 903, 3673
incidence of 1691
Obstruction
causes of 1767, 2212
chronic 2210
intestinal 13641766, 1773, 1824
Obstructive airway disease, chronic 3375
Obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic 3019, 3266, 3266f, 3342, 3721
Obturator externus 3825, 3826
Obturator internus 3825, 3826
Occasional paravertebral mass 3890
Occipital encephalocele 2862f
Occipital nodes 542
Occipital sclerotomes, malformations of 663
Occipital sinuses 50
Occipitofrontal fasciculus, superior 40
Occlusive renal artery disease, evaluation of 1991
Occult fracture 3898
knee 3899f
Occult primary breast cancer 3987
Octafluoropropane 1125
perflutren 1125
Octreotide
scans 1759
scintigraphy 1292, 1839
Ocular
hypotony 465
lesions 464
motor nerves, lesions of 819t
tumors 2942
Oculomotor nerves 27
Oculomotor system 819
disorders of 820
Odontogenic abscess 516
Odontogenic cyst 642
calcifying 640f
Odontogenic infection 517f
Odontogenic keratocyst 640f, 643, 644f
Odontogenic lesions 654, 657
Odontogenic myxoma 635f, 654, 654f
Odontogenic tumor 637, 639, 645
adenomatoid 654
Odontoid
fracture 670, 674f, 741f
hypoplasia 669f
Odontomes 657
Odynophagia 1298, 1299, 1314, 1316, 1318, 1322, 1330, 1331
Olfactory
fossa 489f
groove meningioma 616
nerve 27, 31f, 818
neuroblastoma 503, 503f
neuroepithelioma 503
Oligemic state 122
Oligoarthritis 3640
Oligoastrocytoma 843
anaplastic 843
Oligodendroglial tumors 333, 334, 843, 847
Oligodendroglioma 17, 321f, 338, 339f, 843, 2937
anaplastic 339, 339f, 843
Ollier's disease 2760, 3741, 3742f
Omental bursa 1808
Omental cake’ appearance 1824f
Omental cyst 2593f
Omental fat with tumor 1831
Omental infarction 1779, 1820, 1821f
Omental injury 1797
Omental mass 1834
Omental thickening 1815
Omental tumors 2593
Omentum 1802, 1904
lesser 1802, 1804, 1805
Ominous sign 701
Omniscan 1115
Oncocalices 2099
Oncocytoma 519, 521, 2065f, 2105, 2106f, 2111
Onco-fetal antigens, production of 1356
Oncogenic osteomalacia 3692
Onodi cells 487, 488, 488f
Open lock jaw 3873
Ophthalmic artery 47
Ophthalmic vein, superior 199f
Ophthalmoplegia, internuclear 820
Opsoclonus 820
Optic atrophy, ipsilateral 818
Optic chiasm 31f, 383
glioma 464
invasion 500
involvement 621
Optic disk 465
Optic foramen 463
Optic nerve 27, 31f, 485f, 489f, 818
bilateral 621
centered around 475f
glioma 473, 474f
sheath meningioma 473, 475f
bilateral 475f
Optic neuritis 275, 287, 288, 464
recurrent 288
Optic radiation 40
Optical distributor system 1084
Optical imaging 1259
Optimal pain management 3471
Optimizing color Doppler 883
Oral cavity 585, 586
cancers, staging of 588, 590t
Oral contrast 1900
material, extravasation of 1797
Oral sildenafil 2404
Oral tongue 586
Orbital apex 819
Orbital disease 247
Orbital fissure syndrome, superior 820
Orbital floor 722
Orbital gyrus, medial 31f
Orbital lesions 470, 616
Orbital metastases 476
Orbital myocysticercus 478f
Orbital tumors 471
Orbital varices 478, 479f, 2943
Orbitopathy, endocrine 477
Orchitis, granulomatous 2385f
Organ
abdominal 1626, 1802
ablation 2442
laceration, solid 1800
transplantation 3723
Organelle disorder 2950
Organic acid metabolism, disorders of 2951
Organic acidemias 2978
Organic aciduria 105
Organic anionic transport polypeptide 1575
Organizing pneumonia 3035, 3052, 3063, 3065, 3065f, 3129
Organophosphorus poisoning 307
Oriental cholangiohepatitis 1658, 1659f
Oropharyngeal
abnormalities, structural 1305
airway 1308f
cancers, staging of 597t
dysphagia 1298, 1299
stage 1297
tumor 1300, 1306
Oropharynx 585, 594, 2524
staging carcinoma of 596
treatment of carcinoma of 596
Orthopantomography 635
Orthopedic
hardware 3542
imaging 1051
liver transplantation 1623
Osler-Rendu-Weber disease 1355
Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome 779
Osmolality 2026
Osmotic demyelination syndrome 300
Osseous
lesions 479
matrix 3528
structures 3825, 3851
tumors 2831
malignant 3337
Ossiculum terminale persistens 663
Osteitis
cystica tuberculosa multiplex 3590
fibrosa cystica 3700
Osteoarthritis 3660, 3803, 3803f, 3865, 3871
erosive 3682
hand and wrist 3681
incidence of 3671
inflammatory 3682
premature 1510
prevalence of 3671
radiographic grading of 3680
secondary 3683
Osteoarthropathy, hypertrophic 1521
Osteoblastic metastases 3774f, 3775f
Osteoblastoma 655, 655f, 663, 765, 766, 766f, 807, 808f, 2832, 2833f, 3534, 3577, 3736, 3740, 3740f
Osteochondral injury 3839
Osteochondritis dissecans 3540f, 3812, 3813f, 3816, 3873
Osteochondrodysplasias 2750
Osteochondroma 659, 767, 846, 2829, 2830f, 3337, 3337f, 3568, 3736, 3740, 3741f
multiple 3568f, 3741f
Osteochondrosis, intervertebral 3668
Osteofibrous dysplasia 2833, 3736, 3744
Osteogenesis imperfecta 195, 676, 3721
Osteogenic
pulmonary metastasis 3557f
sarcoma 3814, 3815f, 518f
Osteoid
tumor matrix 3531f
Osteolysis
idiopathic multicentric 2768
post-traumatic 3907
Osteolytic
bone destruction 3534
lesions, multiple 3587f
Osteoma 13, 15f, 464, 504, 505f, 617, 658, 846, 3736, 3738, 3874f
large 3739f
Osteomalacia 3562, 36863688, 3691, 3693, 3694f, 3695, 3695f, 3702
atypical axial 3687, 3693
causes of 3687t
tumor associated 3692
Osteomeatal complex 486f
depiction of 483f
Osteomyelitis 9, 516, 651, 651f, 1554, 3163, 3526f, 3531f, 3534, 3536f, 3537
acute 3558, 3596f, 3598f, 3892
bacterial 3646f
healed 3892
localized 3598
neonatal 3597
of Garre, chronic sclerosing 3601f
Osteonecrosis 3873, 3897
of knee, spontaneous 3811, 3812f
spontaneous 3811
Osteo-onychodysostosis 2767
Osteopathia striata 2765f
Osteopenia 3587f, 3627, 3629f, 3693, 3703, 3725, 3725t
cystic 3832
juxta-articular 3586f
severe 3630f
Osteopetrosis 14, 14f, 464
Osteophytes 795, 3672, 3675f, 3676f, 3678, 3681f, 3832f, 3873f
Osteophytosis 3677, 3717, 3832
surgical excision of large 1333
Osteopoikilosis 2765f
disuse 3908
juvenile 3721
primary 3721
severe 3725
Osteoporotic collapse 812, 813, 813t
Osteoporotic compression fractures, management of 3733
Osteoradionecrosis 656, 657f
classical 3755f
classification of 3754t
conventional central 3755f
distal femoral 3753f
extraosseous 3754, 3759
extraskeletal 3936
high-grade surface 3759
intracortical 3757
intraosseous 3754
juxtacortical 3758
low grade 3757
secondary 3754, 3759
surface 3754, 3758
Osteosclerosis 3702, 3717f, 3832
Osteosclerotic metastasis 3773
Otitis externa
malignant 448
right malignant 449f
Otitis media
acute 449
chronic 449
Otogenic brain abscess 2908f
Otomastoiditis 449f
complicated acute 449f
Otosclerosis 455
Outer wall calcification 3469
Ovarian arterial supply 1965
Ovarian arteries 1965t
Ovarian cancer, screening for 2366
Ovarian carcinoma, primary 2374f
Ovarian cystic teratoma, right 2353f
Ovarian cysts 2715
hemorrhagic 2343f
Ovarian enlargement with oophoritis 1777
Ovarian factor 2322
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 2325, 2326f
Ovarian malignancy 2365
Ovarian mass
benign 2341
benign solid 2354
cystic 2352f
Ovarian neoplasm
benign 2717
malignant 2719
Ovarian surface
epithelial tumors 2075
epithelium 2074
Ovarian torsion 1486, 1777, 1777f, 2352, 2719, 2720
Ovarian tumors 1835
rare 2374
Ovarian vein
lumen of 1778
thrombosis 1778
Ovarian volume 1962
pediatric 2715t
Ovary 2714, 3774
carcinoma of 2366f2371f
clear cell adenocarcinoma of 2077
endometrioid carcinoma of 2077f, 2369f
germ cell tumors of 2372
neoplasm of 2074
recurrent carcinoma of 2372f
staging of carcinoma of 2370t
Overlap syndrome 1659, 1660
P
Pachygyria 264, 316
Pachymeninx 211
Paget's disease 9, 14, 15f, 458, 458f, 464, 505, 630, 631f, 3561, 3676, 3694, 3699, 3989, 3989f
Pain 687
abdomen, acute 1849
abdominal 1277, 1429, 1451, 1558, 1582, 1712, 1726, 1852
acute abdominal 1780
chronic 1432, 3572
epigastric 1316
Painful hip 2810
Palatal myoclonus 822
Palate alveolus 722
Palatoglossus muscle 594
Palato-occipital line 664
Palatopharyngeus muscle 594
Palmar erythema 1521
Palsy, volitional 821
Panbronchiolitis 3059
Asian 3265
diffuse 2538, 3071
Pancoast's tumor 3228f
Pancolitis 1445
Pancreas 931, 1018, 1794, 2458
abnormal 1696
acute inflammation of 1691
annular 2553
anterior displacement of 2276f
carcinoma head of 1647f, 1684f
cystic tumors of 1717, 1761
ectopic 2549
evaluation of 1715
fatty transformation of 1723f
function of 1712
head of 1722, 1795f
heteroechoic 1697f
hypoechoic 1696f
lymphomatous 1739
neuroendocrine tumor of 1750, 1849
obscuration of 1714
part of 1731
partial transection of 1796f
small size of 1729
tail region of 1757
tumor of 1359
Pancreatectomy
central 1889
distal 1890
Pancreatic
abscess 1694, 1700
adenocarcinoma 954f, 956t, 1717, 1723, 1726, 1733, 1734, 2616
body, posterior to 1843
calcification 1712
cystosis 1723
disease 1806
divisum 1714, 1715f, 1717, 1719f
enlargement 1699
fatty infiltration, degree of 1722
fistula 1701, 1891
head 1716, 1722
heterotopia 1722
imaging 1133
inflammation 1699, 1700
injury 1691
insufficiency 3721
interventions 2451
main duct, dilatation of 1755
neoplasms 951
neuroendocrine tumors 1759, 1759t
parenchyma, remaining 1731
protocol 1289
rests, ectopic 1353, 1355
surgeries 1889
transection 1790
tuberculosis 2616
tumors 1650, 1734
Pancreatic cancer 1355, 1722, 17311733, 1735f1738f, 1740f
detection of 1733
evaluation of 1746
resectable 1741f
risk factors for 1726
sonography in 1732f
staging of 1740
unresectable 1742f
Pancreatic cystic lesions 1751
evaluation of 1758
Pancreatic duct 1649f, 1713f, 1714, 1755
dilated main 1714
main 1756
normal main 1713
ventral 2628
Pancreatic ductal
adenocarcinomas 1731
dilatation 1739
upstream 1732
obstructions 1722
system 1758
Pancreatic malignancy 1650, 1746t, 1747, 1747fc
diagnostic assessment of 1726
Pancreatic mass 1695, 2612
in children 2599
Pancreatic necrosis 1700
detection of 1134
evaluation of 1696
Pancreatic pseudocyst 1134, 1694, 1717
prevalence of 1717
Pancreatic tail 1758f
necrosis 1850
region of 1757f
Pancreaticobiliary duct
anomalous junction of 2628
junction, congenital anomalous 1665
Pancreaticobiliary junction, abnormal 1711
Pancreaticobiliary malignancy 1285
detection of 1650
Pancreaticobiliary tumors
diagnosis of 1650
management of 1650
Pancreaticocolic ligaments 1842
Pancreatico-duodenectomy 1358
Pancreatic-peripancreatic necrosis 1697
Pancreatitis 786, 1355, 1473, 1718, 3296
episode of 1717
interstitial edematous 1693, 1695, 1696f
necrotizing 1693, 1697, 1772f
autoimmune 1660, 1712, 1720, 1721f, 1722, 1722f, 1738
calcifying chronic 1712
calcific 955f, 1696, 1712, 1713f
childhood 1711
diagnosing autoimmune 1721
early chronic 1715f
focal 1736
groove 1692, 1718, 1722, 1722f, 1738
hemorrhagic 1694
hereditary 1723
idiopathic duct centric 1721
mild 1694
moderately severe 1694
obstructive chronic 1712
pathophysiology of acute 1692f
postoperative 1891
severe 1694
traumatic 2616f
tropical 1711
chronic 1723
Pancreatoblastoma 2612
Pancreatoduodenal groove 1738
Pandystrophy 2951
Panlobular emphysema 3069, 3070, 3157
Pansinusitis 492f
Papillary
adenoma 2065, 2106, 3217
carcinoma 567, 570, 578f, 3982
cholangiocarcinoma 1670
craniopharyngioma 847
ependymoma 843
epithelial neoplasm, solid 1757f
fibroelastoma 3412, 3413
glioneuronal tumor 844
meningioma 845
mesothelioma 1827
mucinous neoplasm, intraductal 1719, 1751, 1754, 1754t
thyroid carcinoma 570
tumor of pineal region 844
Papillary renal
adenomas 2066
carcinomas 2066
cell carcinoma 2062
Papillary serous carcinoma 1826f
primary 2371
Papilledema 464, 818, 818b, 818f
contralateral 818
Papillomas 497
intraductal 3964, 3972
inverted 500
Paracentral mass 800f
Paraclinoid aneurysm 146f
Paracolic gutter 1787, 1808, 1809
Paracolic spaces 1808
Paradoxical middle turbinate 486
Paraduodenal
hernia 1810f
pancreatitis 1722
wall cysts 1722
Paraesophageal varices 1903, 1904
Paraganglioma 531, 678, 681, 685f, 756, 756f, 844, 1159, 1554, 1751, 2279, 2516, 3179
bilateral 532f
diagnosis of 2276f
extra adrenal 1353
retroperitoneal 2280f
Parahilar fibrotic masses 3141f, 3145f
Parahippocampal gyrus 22, 23
Parainfluenza virus 3098
Parallel acquisition techniques 1046
Paralysis, diaphragmatic 3329
Paramagnetic contrast agents 1112
Paramedian abducens nerves, paired 27
Parameniscal cyst 3786f
Parameters 1052
Paranasal sinus 482, 483f, 716f, 3739f
embryology 482
imaging of 482
Paraneoplastic syndromes 820
Paraosteal osteosarcoma 3759f
Paraovarian cyst 2346, 2347f
Parapelvic cyst 2057f, 2157f
Parapelvic fat 1777
Parapharyngeal fat 530
Parapharyngeal lipoma 530f
Parapharyngeal space 512, 528
Paraplegia 3619
Para-pneumonic effusion 3108
simple 3304
Pararenal space
anterior 1706
posterior 2265
Parasellar
dermoid 2935f
lesion 386
Paraseptal emphysema 3068t, 3069, 3070, 3070f, 3157, 3158f
Parasitic cysts 478
primary 1851
Parasitic
infection 242, 1511, 2058, 3103, 3657
infestation 469, 2503, 3922
Paraspinal infection 3179
Paraspinal mass 3651
enhancement of 3651
Paraspinal muscle atrophy 3667f
Paraspinal nerve, tumors of 334, 347, 845, 848
Paratesticular mass 2308f
Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma 2730
Parathyroid adenoma 3172, 3173f, 3700f, 3705, 3705f
ectopic 3173f
multiple 3707f
Parathyroid
digital subtraction angiography 3703
glands, normal 3705
hormone 3692
related peptide, tumor secretion of 3721
role of 3698f
imaging 3704
lesions 3163
localization 3703
scintigraphy 3707
Paratracheal lymphadenopathy 3076f
Paraumbilical veins 1904f
Paravertebral mass, rare 3890
Paravertebral region 3309
Parenchyma 1714
around tumor, normal 2293f
enhances, normal 1716
fibroglandular 3945f
heterogeneously dense 3943
hyperintense 1733
injury 715f
subtle lobularity of 1714
Parenchymal complications 1700
Parenchymal cysticercosis 242
Parenchymal disease 3071
Parenchymal enhancement, abnormal patterns of 1636
Parenchymal hematoma 1792f
Parenchymal hemorrhage 150f, 2869, 3359f
Parenchymal liver processes 1655
Parenchymal metastases 352
Parenchymal neoplasms, primary 374
Parenchymal phases 1283
Parenchymal scarring 3041
Parenchymal signs 3493
Parenchymal tract 1912
Parenchymal tuberculosis 230
Parent artery 165
occlusion 171, 172, 172f
reconstruction 206
Parenteral nutrition 3721
total 1501
Parietal lobe dysfunctions 827
Parietal peritoneum 1802, 2265
Parieto-occipital regions 2880f
Parinaud's syndrome 820
Paris staging system 1392t
Parkes-Weber syndrome 774, 779
Parkinson's disease 818, 821
idiopathic 101, 823
Parkinsonian syndrome 101, 823
Parosteal osteosarcoma 3529f, 3750, 3758, 3759f
Parosteal sarcoma 3751
Parotid abscess 519
Parotid gland 519, 521f
abscess 522f
enlarged 522f
left 522f
lobes of 522f
tumors of 519
venous malformation of 519f
Parotid lymph nodes 542
Parotid space 512, 518, 519t, 530
Parotid tumors 519
Parotiditis 519
Parotitis, granulomatous 522f
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 2189
Parry fracture 3911
Pars defects 786
Pars interarticularis 3671f
Past pointing test 825
Patchy abnormal signal 813
Patchy airspace opacities, multiple 3036f
Patchy ground glass opacities 3143f, 3156
Patella 865f
alta 3799, 3800f
baja 3799
dislocation of 3914
equals patellar tendon length 3800f
fracture of 3914
Patellar dislocation, lateral 3810
Patellar shape 3799
Patellar tendinosis 3798
Patellar tendon 865f
disruption, acute 3799
Patellofemoral joint anatomy 3799
Patent central aneurysm 147f
Patent ductus arteriosus 3378, 3436, 3454
Patent urachus 2668
Peak enhancement intensity 944
Peak systolic velocity 1951
Pectoral muscles 3967f
Pectoralis major muscle 3942f
Pectoralis muscle 3228f, 3283f, 3942f
Pectus carinatum 3334
Pectus excavatum 3334, 3355f
Pedal edema 1628
Pediatric
disorders 3699
fractures, types of 2466
Pedunculated osteochondroma 3741f
Pedunculated polyps 1405
Peliosis hepatis 1536, 1565, 1906
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease 2969, 2969f
Pelkan's spur 3716
Pellegrini-Stieda lesion 3925
Pellucidal agenesis 2890
Pellucidal dysgenesis 2890
Pelvic
arteries, caliber of 3473
bleeding, post-traumatic 3573f
bones 3878f, 3879f
disease 1777
fluid 1777
fracture 2235
multiple 2236f
hemorrhage 2439
inflammatory disease 1486, 1777, 1964
acute 1764
kidney 2655f
lipomatosis 2218
lymph nodes 2004
mass 1964
in children 2717
pain 1823
peritoneal spaces 1808
phased array surface coil 1289
phleboliths 1987
sidewalls 1806
surgery for bladder 1944
Pelvicalyceal system 2041f
Pelvicalyceal wall 1990
Pelvic-ureteric junction obstruction 2011f
anatomy of 1970
benign cystic masses of 2341
computed tomography examination of 1283
extrarenal 2661
ligaments of 1804, 1806
plain X-ray of 3585f
with both hips, X-ray 2804f
Pelviureteric junction obstruction 1980
Pencil-in-cup 3640
appearance 3640f
Penetrating injury 2237
Penetrating wound 1800
Penile angiography 2405
Penile erection
anatomy of 2402
physiology of 2402
visual grading of 2403t
Penile masses 1958
Penile sonogram, normal 1958f
Penile urethra 1952, 2117f, 2128f, 2574f
Penis indications 1958
Penis technique 1958
Penumbra 128f, 166
sign 3582
significance of 123
Pepper pot 3615
Peptic ulcer disease 1473, 1764
Percist criteria 4016
Percutaneous ablative
techniques 1595
therapy 1596
Percutaneous acetic acid injection 1597
Percutaneous alcohol injection 1598f
Percutaneous aspiration 3706
Percutaneous biliary drainage 1104
Percutaneous biopsy 3312
Percutaneous catheter drainage 1773, 2290
Percutaneous cholecystostomy 1688, 1689, 1689f
Percutaneous coronary intervention 3397
Percutaneous enterocutaneous fistula closure 1925, 1935
Percutaneous ethanal injection 1531, 1596
Percutaneous gastrostomy 1925
Percutaneous hepatography 1632f
Percutaneous intentional extraluminal recanalization 3515
Percutaneous interventional techniques 2202
Percutaneous jejunostomy 1925, 1927
technique of 1928f
Percutaneous laser
disk decompression 3576
treatment of herniated disk 3577f
Percutaneous liver biopsy 1522
Percutaneous management 1680
Percutaneous needle biopsy 3360
Percutaneous nephrostomy 2285, 2287f, 2288, 2452
Percutaneous nonvascular gastrointestinal tract 1925
Percutaneous techniques 1915
Percutaneous thrombin injection 3517f
Percutaneous transhepatic
biliary drainage 1679, 1687
cholangiogram 1650
cholangiography 1651, 1678
diagnostic 1672
cholangioplasty 1687
cholangioscopy 1678
procedures 1910
puncture 1642, 1918
variceal embolization 1916, 1919f
Percutaneous transluminal
angioplasty 3511
renal angioplasty 2172
Percutaneous treatment of disk herniation 3576
Percutaneous vertebroplasty 3572, 3733
Perfluorobutane 1125
Perfluorocarbons 1121
Perforated peptic ulcer 1486
Perforation peritonitis 1811f
Performance status 1531
Perfusion
abnormalities 946t
computed tomography 59
magnetic resonance imaging 1024
parameter 944, 946, 956t
weighted imaging 1056
Periampullary
carcinoma 1673, 1674f, 1675f, 1691, 1717
neoplasms 1711
tumors 1673
Perianal fistulas 1444f
Perianeurysmal fibrosis 3462f
Periaortic hematoma 3288
Periaortitis 3462f
inflammatory 3463f
Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia 640f
Periarticular calcification 3587f
Periarticular cysts 2841, 3803
Periarticular osteopenia 3584f, 3627
Periarticular soft tissue edema 3866f
Periarticular tissue 3866f
Peribiliary cyst 1539, 2515
Peribronchovascular
distribution 3058
interstitium 3055
nodule 3053
Pericallosal artery 47
Pericardial anomalies, congenital 3435
Pericardial cavity 3437f
proper, recesses of 3432, 3435
Pericardial cyst 3174, 3175f, 3412, 3435, 3436b
Pericardial disease 3296
Pericardial effusion 1382, 3437, 3444
drainage 3363
sensitivity for 1783
Pericardial injury 3288
Pericardial mass 3444
Pericardial mesothelioma 3416
Pericardial metastases 3444b
Pericardial neoplasm 3439
Pericardial recess, posterior 3432
Pericardial thickening 3441, 3444
Pericardial tumors 3443
primary 3444
Pericarditis 2497f, 3440
calcific constrictive 3441f
constrictive 1809, 3440, 3441, 3441b, 3442f
effusive constrictive 3442
inflammatory constrictive 3443
nonconstrictive 3440, 3440b, 3440f
tuberculous 1812, 1813, 1815, 3082f, 3438f
Pericardium 1824, 3420
congenital absence of 3436, 3436b
enhancement of 3440
imaging of 3432
parietal layer of 3443f
recesses of 3432b
Pericecal inflammation 1490
Pericholecystic abscess 1771
Pericholecystic fluid 1770, 1771, 1771f, 1794
Pericholecystic stranding 1770
Pericolonic soft tissue 1411
Pericytic tumors 3935
Peridiaphragmatic collections 3328
Periductal fibrosis 1712
Periductal infiltrative type 1669
Periductal soft tissue mass 1672
Perigastric varices 1904
Perihepatic free fluid 1783
Perihepatic spaces 1808
Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma 1672, 1672f, 1673f, 1674f
Perihilar disease 1669
Perihilar ground-glass opacity 3124f
Perilesional edema 221f, 224f, 235f, 342f, 365f
mild 2469f
minimal 339f
Perilesional fat infiltration 1371
Perilymphatic distribution of nodules 3053f, 3054f, 3061f
Perilymphatic interstitium 3055, 3055t
Perilymphatic nodules 3052, 3053t, 3055t
Perimedullary veins 783f
Perimesencephalic cistern 455f
Perineal anus, anterior 2575, 2576
Perinephric compartment 1969
Perinephric fat 1950f
Perinephric hematoma 2227f
Perinephric stranding 1778
Perineural invasion 1744
Perineural spread 516, 531, 621, 622
Perineural tumor extension 607f
Perineuroma 845
Periodic acid-Schiff 834
Periosteal chondroma 3736
Periosteal desmoid 3534
Periosteal osteoma 658f
Periosteal osteosarcoma 3534, 3750, 3758
Periosteal reaction 3529, 3737
frond-like 3934
interrupted 3530
spiculated 518f, 3755f
types of 3531f
Peripancreatic edema 1696
Peripancreatic fat 1795
planes, loss of 1771
Peripancreatic fluid collection, single 1699
Peripancreatic inflammation 1699, 1717
fluid collections 2190f
Peripancreatic lymph nodes 1849
Peripancreatic necrosis 1693, 1697
Peripancreatic region 1339, 1696, 1700
Peripheral blood 1745
Peripheral branching nodular opacities 3057f
Peripheral calcifications 1852
Peripheral contrast enhancement 1734
Peripheral enhancement 1828
Peripheral hypervascularity 1772
Peripheral nerve
sheath tumor, malignant 845, 847
tumors 3176
Peripheral nervous system 1300
Peripheral neuropathy, diagnosis of 77
Peripheral oligemia 3376f, 3379f, 3380f, 3494f
Peripheral part of large tumor 1602
Peripheral polyarthritis 3540
Peripheral prostatic ducts, dilatation of 1955
Peripheral pulmonary oligemia 3369f
Peripheral restriction 1586
Peripheral rim enhancement of node 3076f
Peripheral tears 3786
Peripheral thick band 1584
Peripheral trauma 3570
Peripheral tumors 3218
Peripheral vascular diseases 3503
Peripheral vessels 3072
Periportal adenopathy 1563
Periportal fluid tracking 1793f
Periportal hepatic edema 1890
Periportal regions 1743
Periportal tracking 1792
Perirectal fat 1411
Perirenal abscess 2052
Perirenal haemorrhage 2268f
Perisplenic free fluid 1783
Peristalsis, esophageal 1300
Peritendinitis, calcific 3922
Peritoneal adenomucinosis 2076
Peritoneal carcinomatosis 1831, 1832f, 1833f, 1834, 1838
Peritoneal cavity 1771, 1776, 1797, 1802, 1816, 1860
Peritoneal deposits, multiple 1669f
Peritoneal dissemination 1734
Peritoneal enhancement, mild 1876
Peritoneal factor 2320
Peritoneal fibroneogenesis 1817
Peritoneal fluid dynamics 1808
Peritoneal hemorrhage 1600
Peritoneal hydatidosis 1560, 1816
Peritoneal inclusion cyst 1825, 1826f, 2344
Peritoneal infections and inflammation 1810
Peritoneal involvement, types of 1435
Peritoneal lesions 1834
Peritoneal ligaments 1802, 1806, 1807
of liver 1805
of stomach 1804
Peritoneal lymphoma, primary 1824
Peritoneal lymphomatosis 1834, 1836
Peritoneal malignancy, primary 1809
Peritoneal malignant mesothelioma 1824
Peritoneal masses, heterogeneous 1837f
Peritoneal mesothelioma 1824, 1842f
Peritoneal mucinous carcinomatosis 1835
Peritoneal neoplasms
primary 1823
secondary 1830
Peritoneal nodularity 1734
Peritoneal nodules 1734
Peritoneal sarcomatosis 1834, 1836
Peritoneal seeding 1402, 1560
Peritoneal serous
borderline tumor, primary 1827
carcinoma, primary 1824, 1825
Peritoneal stripe, enhancement of 1775
Peritoneal tuberculosis 1434, 1814f, 1815f
Peritoneum 1802, 1824, 2371
anatomy of 1802
developmental anatomy of 1802
uncommon tumors of 1827
Peritonitis 1810
Peritonsillar abscess 527
Peritransplant fluid collections 2196
Peritubal adhesions 2321f
Peritumoral cysts 752
Periurethral abscess 2126f
Perivascular spread 613
Perivaterian carcinoma 1357
Periventricular hemorrhage 2895f
Periventricular hemorrhagic infarction 2869
Periventricular hyperintensities, multiple 273f
Periventricular lesions 272
Periventricular leukomalacia 831, 2871, 2873f
Perivertebral space 536
Permanent distal occluders 1107, 1108
Permanent proximal occluders 1107
Permeability surface area product 944, 956, 959
Permeative bone destruction 3525, 3526
Permissible dose equivalent, maximum 1201
Pernicious anemia 1349, 3721
Peroxisomal disorders 105, 2950, 2958
Persistent blood pressure 3475
Persistent causes 2620
Persistent craniopharyngeal canal 401f
Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous 464, 466, 467f
Persistent pulmonary hypertension 3492
Persistent terminal ventricle 2790
Perthes’ disease 2818, 2818f, 2819f
Perthes’ type appearance 3585f
Perthes’ variation of Bankart lesion 3861f
Petering abscess 3615f
Petrous apex
lesions 627, 628
mucocele 629f
right 629f
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome 1337, 1350, 1357, 1363, 1367, 1368f, 1369, 1421
Peyronie's disease 1958, 2404, 2404f
Phantom organ sign 2275
Pharmacokinetic-analysis techniques 1029
Pharmacological agents 2412
Pharmacopenile duplex ultrasonography 2402
Pharyngeal artery injection 456f
Pharyngeal diverticula 1306
Pharyngeal dysphagia 1302
Pharyngeal foreign bodies 1307
Pharyngeal mucosal space 512, 514f, 526, 530
lesions of 527t
normal 514f
Pharyngeal peristalsis 1300
Pharyngeal tumor 1298, 1307
Pharyngeal wall, posterior 599f
Pharyngesophageal junction 1297
Pharyngoesophagograms 1307
Pharynx, evaluation of 1301
Phase-cancellation artefact 1003, 1003f
Phase-contrast
angiography 1042
technique 1042
Phenylketonuria 2974
malignant form of 2975
Pheochromocytoma 1159, 1250, 2246, 2249f, 2704, 2706f, 3412, 3414
bilateral 2250f
Phleboliths 1355, 1367, 3045, 3931f
multiple 2837f, 3529f
Phlegmon 1694
formation, progress to 1817
Phosphate
deficiency, tumor associated 3687
loss 3693
Phosphatonin 3692
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors 1255
Phosphoethanolamine 3693
Phospholipids 1125
Photodensitometry 3723, 3724
Photographic effect 1207, 1208
Photon absorptiometry, single 3723
Photopic-ultrasound imaging 891
Phrenic nerve palsy 3222f
Phrenicocolic ligament 18051807
Phyllodes tumor 3989, 3990f
Physeal fractures 2466
Physis, involvement of 3905
Pig bronchus 2532
Pigeon chest 3334
Pigmented villondoular synovitis 3736, 3804, 3807, 3807f, 3843, 3919, 3935
Pigtail
catheter 1642f
drainage catheter 2452f
Pill esophagitis 1317
Pill esophagitis imaging features 1318
Pilocytic astrocytoma 339, 361, 435f, 843, 2930, 2930f
chiasmal-hypothalamic 340f
supratentorial 2935f
Pilomyxoid astrocytoma 843
Pincer impingement 3837
Pineal cell tumors 347
Pineal cysts 2940
Pineal germinoma 344, 347f
Pineal gland 26, 36f, 413
calcification 16f
Pineal parenchymal tumor 844, 2940
Pineal region
masses 2939
tumors of 334, 344, 844, 848
Pineal teratoma 346f
Pinealoma 17
Pineoblastoma 347, 348f, 431, 844
Pineocytoma 431, 433f, 844
Piriformis syndrome 3842
Pituicytoma 392, 847
Pituitary adenoma 386, 388f, 2939
invasive 389, 623f
Pituitary apoplexy 389, 392f
Pituitary deficiency disorders, congenital 399
Pituitary gland 31f, 383, 389f, 402f, 413
congenital abnormalities of 398
developmental anomalies of 398
metabolic abnormalities of 398
normal 387f, 403f
small 401f
Pituitary hyperplasia 401, 402f
Pituitary hypoplasia 399, 401f
Pituitary macroadenoma 392t, 621
Pituitary metastasis 400f
Pituitary tumor 430
Pivot shift injury 3810
Pixel-shift technique 1090f
Plain radiograph 3297, 3325
abdomen 1766f
sellar dimensions on 384t
Plain radiography 3458, 3646, 3917
of abdomen 1782
Plain skull radiograph 412
Planar anisotropy 231
Planar bone scintigraphy 3555f, 3557f, 3561f
Plantar reflex 824
Planum sphenoidale 6f
Plaque, smooth 3481
Plasma cell 1355
malignancies 1862
Plasmacytoma 464, 502, 1353, 1355, 3771, 3890
extramedullary 502
primary gastric 1355
Plasmodium falciparum 251
Plastic bowing fractures 3904
Plastic stent 1106f
Platelet plug 1251
Pleomorphic adenoma 471, 497, 500, 519, 846, 3217
of parotid gland 520f
of submandibular gland 524f
Pleomorphic carcinoma 3217
Pleomorphic cystic lesion 1755
Pleomorphic sarcoma, undifferentiated 3339, 3340f
Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma 340, 341f, 342f, 843
Pleonemia, evidence of 3376f
Plethora, radiological signs of 3373
Pleura 2462, 3360
diseases of 3034
imaging of 3293
Pleural calcification 3310
Pleural disease, benign 3318
Pleural effusion 1382, 1783, 1799, 1812, 1836, 1856, 1922, 2493f, 3295, 3298, 3301, 3317, 34441
computed tomography of 3301
hemorrhagic 3156
Pleural fistula 3307
Pleural injuries 3282
Pleural lymphoma 3321
Pleural masses 1836, 3293
Pleural mesothelioma 1824
malignant 3317f3319f
Pleural metastasis 3321
Pleural neoplasm 3317
Pleural pointillism 3320
Pleural sclerotherapy 3362
Pleural tail 3193
Pleural thickening 3308, 3317
Pleuritic chest pain 3361
Pleuritis, exudative 3078
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis 3126
Pleuropericardial cyst 3418, 3419f
diagnosis of 3175f
Pleuropulmonary
amebiasis 3103, 3104f
blastoma 3217
Plexiform neurofibroma 845, 2840f, 2943
Plexiform schwannoma 845
Plexus pancreaticus capitalis 1744
Plica synovialis 3816
Plunging ranula 525f
Pneumatoceles 3048, 3048f, 3106, 3109, 3312
formation 3093f
Pneumatosis 1455
coli 1767
intestinalis 1455f, 1798
Pneumobilia 1649, 1653, 1890
Pneumocephalus, post-traumatic 620f
Pneumococcal pneumonia 3091, 3091f, 3092f
Pneumoconiosis 3042, 3043, 3052, 3053, 3058, 3129, 3342
Pneumocystis 3115f
infection 3115
Pneumocystis jirovecii 3041, 3048, 3063, 3116, 3118, 3149
infection 3063f
pneumonia 2505f, 3042f, 3114, 3118, 3150, 3155, 3157
subacute 3150f
Pneumocystis pneumonia 3119f
Pneumomediastinum 3184, 3186f, 3274, 3281f, 3286, 3287f
radiological signs of 3287b
Pneumonectomy 3298
acute
eosinophilic 3063, 3065, 3129, 3152, 3153f
interstitial 3128, 3129, 3135, 3136f
anaerobic 3094
atypical 3095, 3155
bacterial 2488, 2489f, 2504, 3117f
bilateral lung suggestive of 3271f
cause of 3099
cavitary 3312
chronic
effects of 2496
eosinophilic 3063, 3065, 3152
community-acquired 3084, 3089, 3090t
complication of 3105, 3109
cryptogenic organizing 3108, 3128, 3129, 3135, 3135f, 3139
delayed resolution of 3106
desquamative interstitial 3063, 3128, 3129, 3133, 3134f, 3157
diagnosis of 3109fc
endogenous lipoid 3153
eosinophilic 3035, 3063, 3108, 3129
expansile 2491f
health care-associated 3084
hospital-acquired 3084, 3091
idiopathic
interstitial 3128, 3129t, 3132, 3138
nonspecific interstitial 3129
infective 3035
interstitial 3087, 3109, 3149
pattern of 3087f
viral 3087f
lipoid 3065, 3149, 3153, 3205, 3209
lobar 2489f
lymphocytic interstitial 3157
lymphoid interstitial 3042, 3043, 3052, 3053, 3068, 3128, 3129, 3135, 3136f
mimicking mass lesion 2478f
neonatal 2477
nonresolving 2490, 3108f
non-resolving 3108t
pathogenesis of 3089t
Pneumonitis 1554, 3019
acute
hypersensitivity 3063f, 3144f
interstitial 3063
hypersensitivity 3042, 3052, 3052f, 3057, 3058, 3063, 3065, 3068, 3129, 3138, 3143, 3265
subacute hypersensitivity 3057f
Pneumoperitoneum 1766, 1776, 1784, 1788, 1790, 1797, 1809, 3326f, 3443, 3443f
anterior to liver 1789f
artificial 1875
diagnosis of 1774
Pneumoretroperitoneum 1784, 1797
Pneumothoraces 3313f
catamenial 3312
causes of 3312t
drainage 3362
presence of 3284b, 3314
signs of 3283b
size of 3316
sonographic signs of 3314
spontaneous 3311
traumatic 3312, 3315f
Pocket dosimeter 1208
Poems syndrome 813, 3773
Poisson's ratio 895
Poland syndrome 3334
Polarized head coil 984f
Poliodystrophy 2951
Polka-dot
appearance 3745f
sign 763
Polo mint sign 3491f
Polyangiitis 3342, 3496
granulomatous 3249
Polycystic kidney disease 2144f, 2149
autosomal
dominant 142, 2659
recessive 2657, 2658f
Polycystic liver disease 1536, 1538, 2611
Polycystic ovarian
disease 2323f, 2344, 2717
syndrome 2322
Polyethylene glycol 1122
lavage 1287, 1288
solution 1428
Polyethylene terephthalate 1103
Polygonal opacities 3147
Polymerase chain reaction 836
Polymicrogyria 264, 316, 317
Polymyositis 3143
Polyneuropathy 813
Polyp 495, 1363, 1364
adenomatous 1336, 1356
endometrial 2314, 2338, 2340f
hamartomatous 1337, 1350, 1422
hyperplastic 1336
inflammatory 1432
intraluminal 1667f
left antrochoanal 496f
management of 1368
of duodenum 1356
Polypoid
carcinomas 1340
hypoechoic mass 1674f
intraluminal masses 1325
lesions 1338, 1370
mass 1348, 1358, 1371, 1666
intraluminal 1409
Polypoidal filling defects 1322f
Polypoidal form 1348
Polyposis
coli, juvenile 1369
juvenile 1337, 1350, 1367, 1369, 1422
syndrome 1337, 1367, 1372, 1421
juvenile 1337
Polysplenia 1849, 1851, 1851f
congenital 2271f
Polystotic fibrous dysplasia 3744f
Polytetrafluoroethylene 1100, 1685, 1912
use of 1641
Polytrauma, part of 1782
Polyurethane catheter 1601
Polyvinyl alcohol 1255, 3351
particles 778, 1108, 2436f, 3575
Pontine fibers, transverse 40
Pontine glioma, diffuse 2932f
Popcorn calcification 3762f
Popliteal artery
entrapment syndrome 3509
short segment occlusion of 3513f
Popliteal cyst 3804f
Popliteal fossa 3936
Popliteal segment 3513
Popliteomeniscal ligament 3796f
Porencephalic cyst 2891
Poroelasticity 895
Porphyria, congenital 3721
Porta hepatis 1339, 1646
Portable flat panel detector, gadolinium-based 1058
Portable radiography 1219, 3269
Portal biliopathy 1907
Portal cavernoma formation 1563
Portal hypertension 1531, 1809, 1856, 1868, 1903, 1906, 1911, 1911t
assessment of 902
management of 1911
morphologic signs of 1903
portosystemic shunts for 1916
secondary 1607
severe 1912
Portal hypertensive
biliopathy 2643, 2644f
gastropathy 1913
Portal inflammation 1660
Portal pressure, methods to reduce 1911
Portal vein 861, 1583, 1619, 1625, 1642f, 1700, 1895, 1896, 1917f
anastomosis 1623
anatomy 1620f, 1625
branch of 1620
complications 1623
embolization 1595, 1607
gas 1455
intrahepatic branch of 1918
left branch of 1896
main 1896, 1906
perfusion 949, 952f
phase 1128, 1129, 1212, 1286, 1672
acquisition 1285
right 1608f, 1625
and left 1281f
branch of 1896
system 1452
thrombosis of 1891, 1909, 1912, 1913
thrombus 1576f
tumor thrombosis 1603
Portobiliary fistula, prevent 1912
Portomesenteric air 1775
Portosystemic venous collaterals 1899
Port-wine stain 2778
Positron emission
mammography 3967, 4013
tomography 84, 328, 585, 606, 971, 1225, 1230, 1241, 1259, 3162, 3201, 3216, 3320, 3387, 3388, 3554, 3966
Postangioplasty
aortogram 3478f
pseudoaneurysm complication management 3517f
Postarthroplasty 3842
Postauricular nodes 542
Postballoon angioplasty angiography 3455f
Postbiopsy care 4002
Postbisphosphonate therapy 3562
Postcaval recess 3432, 3435
Postcentral gyrus 26, 36f
Postcentral sulcus 26
Postcontrast gyriform enhancement 219f
Postcricoid tumor 599f
Post-embolization angiogram 683f, 3574f
Postembolization care 680
Postembolization syndrome 1603, 3352
frequency of 1607
Posterolateral chest wall, examination of 3000f
Postethmoid cells 485f
Postfracture 3562
Posthepatic cause 1645
Postinfluenza 3109
Postintubation stenosis 2526f, 3250, 3250f
Postintubation stricture 3247
Postlaparoscopic cholecystectomy 1876f
Post-laryngectomy neck 609f
Postlobectomy appearance, normal 3231f
Postmenopausal
bleeding 1964
ovary 1962, 1963f
Post-necrosectomy pseudocyst 1700, 1701
Postorchidectomy scrotum 2393
Post-PAI residual disease 1132f
Postradiation stricture 1307
Postrenal biopsy hematuria 2441f
Postsinusoidal portal hypertension, development of 1628
Postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors 1262
Post-therapy response, assessment of 1730
Post-tonsillar biopsy 691f
Post-traumatic injury 2900
Post-tubercular bronchostenosis 3249f
Post-tuberculosis sequelae 3342
Potassium
chloride 1317
hydroxide 1316
Potentially resectable 3320
Pouch of Douglas 1782, 1783, 1849
Power Doppler 1124
Power slide sign 3315
Prasugrel 1254
Preauricular nodes 542
Precentral gyrus 26
Precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid 189
Precontrast scans 1900
Predictive value, positive 1178, 4003
Prednisone 1391
Predominant axial disease 3640
Predominant diffuse lung diseases, septal thickening 3154
Preduodenal portal vein 2553
Pre-embolization angiogram 3574f
Pregnancy, ectopic 1777, 2353, 2354f, 2721
Prehepatic causes 1906
Prehilar branching 1944
Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act 1270
Prepyloric membrane 2549
Prepyloric region 1339
Pressure
balloons, low 1103
gradient 3383
hydrostatic 1310
intra-abdominal 1898
intracranial 818b
topography, esophageal 1303f
Presynaptic dopamine transporters 1262
Preterm neonate, severe hypotension in 2897
Pre-tricuspid shunt 3378
Primary peristalsis, absence of 1309
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor 413, 414, 431, 2518, 2699, 2936, 2936f, 3938, 3938f
of bone 3766
Primitive trigeminal artery 206
Primordial cyst 643
Probable fibroadenomas 3957
Profunda femoris artery 2442f
Progeria 2768
Progesterone receptor 4012
Progressive multiple sclerosis, primary 106f, 272, 283
Proliferating Brenner's tumor 2078
Pronator drift sign 823
Pronator sign 823
Properitoneal fat line 1768
Propionic acidemia 2978
Proprioceptive sensation 825
Proriatic arthropathy 3640
Prostate 904, 904f, 1020, 2400
adenocarcinoma of 1137f, 2134t
and seminal vesicles 1953
technique 1953
cancer 961, 963, 2134, 3555
stage, treatment decisions by 2134t
gland 1722, 1953, 1999, 2136f
glandular elements 1954
normal 1953f
tissue, spectra from normal 2002f
zonal anatomy of 1954f
Prostatic abscesses 2139f
Prostatic calcification 1955
Prostatic carcinoma 3776f
Prostatic cysts 2139
Prostatic gland 1955
Prostatic tissues 963t
Prostatic utricle cyst 2140f
Prostatitis
autoimmune 1720
chronic 963
Prosthetic infection 3559
Prosthetic valve 3427, 3429
Protective lead glass 1205
Proteinosis, alveolar 3035, 3065
Proteolytic enzymes, secretion of activated 1691
Proteus mirabilis 3092
Proton density 991, 3792f, 3800f
fat fraction 1504, 1505
images 484
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy 510
Proton pump inhibitor 1336
Proton spectroscopy 3547
Protozoal infections 3103
Protusio acetabuli 3694f
Prourokinase 1253
Provocative angiography 1471
Proximal biliary ducts, evaluation of 1651
Proximal descending thoracic aorta, pseudoaneurysm of 3480f
Proximal femur
fracture of 3913
inner margins of 3694
Proximal jejunum 1369
Proximal tibia, fracture of 3914
Proximal ulna, posterior margins of 3694
Prune Belly syndrome 2667, 2668f
Psammomatous meningioma 845
Pseudallescheria 236
Pseudo flow 887
formation of 1718, 3288
intrahepatic 1472
post-traumatic 3573f
secondary to rupture of 1793
treatment of 1706
Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia 3974
Pseudoarthrosis, formation of 3908f
Pseudocapsule 2091, 2092
Pseudocavitation 3193
Pseudocoarctation 3456
Pseudocyst 1355, 1694, 1701, 1716, 1718f, 1851, 1852, 2616
cysts 1851
Pseudodiverticulosis, intramural 1318, 1319f
Pseudodiverticulum formation 1443
Pseudo-Foster-Kennedy syndrome 818
Pseudofractures 3693
multiple 3561f
Pseudohermaphroditism, female 2739, 2741f
Pseudohypoparathyroidism 17, 3709, 3709f, 3922
Pseudokidney 1407
Pseudolesion 1509
Pseudomembranes 1315
Pseudomonas 3649
aeruginosa 3091, 3092, 3116, 3117f, 3335
pneumonia 3095f
Pseudo-mondini malformation 446
Pseudomyxoma
peritonei 1498f, 1514, 1825, 1835, 1835f, 2076, 2371, 2371f
types of 1835
Pseudopapillary neoplasm, solid 1755, 1756, 1757f, 1757t, 1758
Pseudopneumoperitoneum 1797
Pseudopolyps 1778
Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism 3710, 3922
Pseudosarcomatous inflammatory lesion 1355
Pseudotumor 464, 477, 477f, 1135, 2840, 3322, 3736
benign neoplasms inflammatory 1862
denotes 1355
fibrous 2731
flexure defect 1356
hemophilic 3533f, 3747f
inflammatory 464, 1353, 1355, 1565, 1565f, 1862
myofibroblastic 1824, 1827
of hemophilia 2835, 2836f, 3534, 3535, 3747
steatosis 1592
Pseudotumoral lesions 1712
Psoas abscess 2282f, 2710f
Psoas muscle 1776
ipsilateral 2148f
right 2053f
Psoriasis 3457
Psoriatic arthropathy 3626, 3639
Psychiatric diseases 108
Psychiatric disorders 120, 1330
Psychologic instability 1615
Psychosocial support system 1615
Pterygoid muscle 3870
left medial 595f
right 607f
Pterygoid plates 485f, 722
Pterygopalatine fossa 502f, 529, 620f
Pubic bone 3840
bilateral 3592f
Pubic rami
bilateral 3556
inferior 3694, 3695f
left superior 3555f
superior 3694
Pubis symphysis 2193f
Puffed-cheek maneuver 590, 590f
Pulmonary abscess 3106
Pulmonary acinus 3130f, 3139f
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis 3146, 3063, 3147f, 3149, 3153, 3154f, 3155
Pulmonary amyloidosis 3155, 3156f
Pulmonary angiography 3494
high-resolution 3016
Pulmonary arterial hypertension 3058, 3374, 3378, 3425
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations 3365, 3497
Pulmonary artery 3028f, 3374, 3433
aneurysm 3205, 3209, 3210f, 3497
anomalous origin of 3375
atresia 3454
branch atresia 3375
embolization 3365
hypertension 3073f
intimal sarcoma 3217
lesion 3475
outflow tract level 3028f
pressure, mean 3492
right 3028f
descending 3373
sarcoma 3498, 3500f
stenosis 3383
Pulmonary aspergilloma, secondary 3363
Pulmonary atresia 3377, 3379
Pulmonary blastoma 2513f
Pulmonary blood flow 3373, 3374
asymmetrical 3375
Pulmonary bronchogenic cyst 3211
Pulmonary capillary
hemangiomatosis 3155, 3156, 3156f, 3157, 3495
wedge pressure 3375, 3425
Pulmonary chondromas 1353
Pulmonary complications 1527
Pulmonary contusion 3280, 3281f
Pulmonary cytolytic thrombi 3125
Pulmonary disease, severe 3356
Pulmonary edema 1155, 3035, 3042, 3043, 3052, 3058, 3060, 3061f, 3063, 3065, 3124
Pulmonary embolism 3019, 3108, 3273, 3296, 3367, 3487
acute 3487, 3490f
Pulmonary eosinophilia, tropical 3153
Pulmonary fibrosis, postinfective 3129
Pulmonary gangrene 3106
Pulmonary hamartoma 3017, 3194f, 3195f, 3199f, 3207, 3207f, 3217, 3236, 3237f
Pulmonary hemorrhage 3035, 3052, 3058, 3063, 3065, 3129, 3193
Pulmonary hypertension 1913, 3492, 3493f, 3494f, 3495
severe 1615
Pulmonary infarction 3065, 3088, 3211, 3211f, 3312
Pulmonary infection 2503, 3312
nontubercular 3084
Pulmonary infiltrates 3016
Pulmonary interstitial emphysema 2476f, 3274, 3275f
Pulmonary intralobar sequestration 3212f
Pulmonary laceration 3280, 3281f
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis 3157, 3217
Pulmonary leukostasis 3154, 3155
Pulmonary lymphoma 3233
primary 3233
secondary 3233
Pulmonary metastases 2510, 2688f, 3205, 3236, 3236f
Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms 3234
Pulmonary nodular amyloidosis 3157
Pulmonary nodule 3019
evaluation 933
malignant 3017
masses 3016
multiple 3115
Pulmonary oligemia 3374, 3454
Pulmonary parenchyma 2463, 3115f
Pulmonary parenchymal injuries 3280
Pulmonary plethora 3373, 3373f
Pulmonary sarcoma 2159f
Pulmonary sequestration 2508
Pulmonary sling 2527
Pulmonary stenosis 3369f
Pulmonary symptoms, unexplained 1812
Pulmonary thromboembolism 933, 3274f, 3375
typical of chronic 3495f
Pulmonary tuberculosis 3076, 3082
primary 2497
Pulmonary vascular disease 3071, 3486
Pulmonary vasculature 3294, 3372
Pulmonary vein 3433
evaluation of 3008
superior 3024f
varix 3209
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease 3126, 3155, 3156, 3492
Pulmonary venous
hypertension 3373, 3375, 3424
recesses
left 3432, 3435
right 3432, 3435
Pulmonic recesses
left 3432, 3433
right 3432, 3433
Pulmonic stenosis, severe 3377
Pulsatile aortic flow 999f
Pulsatile tinnitus, causes of 453
Pulse
Doppler 862
fluoroscopy 1082f, 2415
normal 891f
repetition frequency 1897
sequence 1052f, 3732
Punctate calcification 569f
Puncture needle 43f, 1098, 1098f
single 43f
Pure word
deafness 827
dumbness 827
Purulent pericarditis 2496
Purulent peritonitis 1811f
Pus collections 214
Puylaert's technique 1486
Pyelography, antegrade 2089, 2212
Pyelonephritis
acute 1778, 2051, 2674
chronic 2055
emphysematous 1768, 2050f, 2054, 2055f
Pyknodysostosis 2765f
Pyknodystosis 14
Pylography, intravenous 1195
Pyloric mass 2551f
Pyloric stenosis 2549
hypertrophic 2549, 2550f, 2585f
Pyogenic abscess 98, 103f
Pyogenic bacterial infections 3649
Pyogenic disc space infections 3651
Pyogenic hepatic abscess 2607
Pyogenic infection 212, 805, 3623
Pyogenic liver abscesses 1554f, 1555f
multiple 2609f
Pyogenic meningitis 212, 213f, 214f, 216f, 2900
Pyogenic osteomyelitis 632f, 3335
Pyogenic spondylodiscitis 3647f, 3650f
Pyogenic vertebral body osteomyelitis 536
Pyonephrosis 2055
Pyosalpinx, development of 1778
Pyrexia 1451
Pyriform sinus 598f, 602f
carcinoma of 597, 598f, 599f
Pyruvate succinate 90
Q
Q-ball imaging 74
Quadrantic defects, inferior 819
Quadrature reception 985
Quadratus femoris 3826
Quadratus lumborum fascia 1969
Quadriceps tendon 865f
Quadrigeminal segment 49
Quadrilateral space 3853
compression syndrome 3863
Quantitative computed tomography 3723, 3726
Quantitative spectroscopy 94
Quantitative ultrasound 3723, 3730
Quinidine 1317
R
Rabies 831
Racemose cysts 2916
Rachitic rosary 3689
Radial aplasia 2768f
Radial K-space filling technique 998
Radial scar 3973, 3974f
Radiation 3296
biological effect of 1197
burns 1187
changes 3988
detection and measurement 1207
effect of 1184
exposure 1060f, 1067
hazards 1183, 1187
hepatitis 1507
induced cancers 1198
measurement of 1194t
necrosis 98
pneumonitis 3065
risk 1185
sialadenitis 519
therapy, intensity modulated 3230
units 1183, 1188, 1194
warning signs 1227f
weighting factors 1195t
Radiation dose 920, 1076, 1185, 3941
low 3725
measurement 1190, 1191, 1210
Radiation effects
chronic 1198
types of 1197t
Radiation injury 305
classification of 1197
early 305
Radiation protection 1193
cardinal principle of 1187, 1201
devices 1227f
guidelines 1186
program 1200fc
survey and program 1200
Radiation safety Act in India 1199
Radiation Safety Committee 1200
Radical mastectomy, modified 3984
Radicular arteries 3347
Radicular cyst 642f
Radiculomedullary artery 779f
Radiculopathy 786
Radiofrequency 1038, 1111
ablation 1531, 2290, 3230, 3364
system 983
Radiographic anatomy, normal 3373
Radiographic density 3034
Radiographs, conventional 3609, 3612, 3620, 3671, 3752
Radiography, conventional 482, 665, 1217, 3259, 3523
Radiologic electronic resources 1176
Radiology information system 1162, 1163, 1225
Radiolucency, transverse band of 3715
Radiolucent defects, multiple 11
Radionuclide bone scan 3730
Radionuclide cystography 2678
Radionuclide imaging 2197
Radionuclide renal scintigraphy 2165
role of 2225
Radionuclide renography 2209
Radionuclide scanning 3632, 3646
Radionuclide scintigraphy 3672
Radionuclide tracer 1262
Radionulceotide imaging 2184
Radiotherapy 956
late effects of 609
treatment planning 1243
Randomized control trial 1174, 3230
Randomized screening trials 3977
Ranke complex 3077f
Rankin scale, modified 855
Ranson's scoring 1699
Rapid destructive osteoarthritis 3677
Rapid image acquisition techniques 66
Rapid neuron development 1207
and migration 1207
Rasmussen's aneurysm 3081f, 3365, 3497
Rasmussen's encephalitis 256
Rathke's cleft cyst 403, 404f
Rathke's pouch 383
Raymond's syndrome 820
Raynaud's phenomenon 1659, 3922
Receiver coils 983
Receptor entrance exposure 1096
Rectal artery, superior 1294
Rectal atresia 2574, 2574f, 2576
Rectal cancer 959t, 1417f
Rectal carcinoma, advanced 1953
Rectal stricture, presence of 1953
Rectal tumors 959t
Rectoprostatic urethral fistula, type of 2573
Rectosigmoid artery 1294
Rectourethral fistula 2126f
Rectovesical fistula 2573, 2573f, 2576
Rectovestibular fistula 2576, 2576f
Rectum 1903
distal 1406
Rectus abdominis 1800
muscle, transverse 3984
Rectus femoris 3826
Red blood cells 392f
Red flags 786
Red nucleus 36f
Reflex 824
abdominal 824
superficial 824
sympathetic dystrophy 3562, 3563f, 3813
torticollis 822
Reflux nephropathy 2055
Reflux symptoms 1302
Refractory celiac disease 1388
Refractory cirrhotic ascites 1913
Refractory encephalopathy 1922
Refractory errors 880
Refractory hepatic hydrothorax 1913
Refsum disease 2962
Regenerative nodule 1512, 1580f
development of 1635
Region of interest 1014
Regional coils 1001
Regional facial fractures 722
Regional lymph node 1339, 1402, 1411, 2067, 2097, 3226
Regional nodes 1339
Regulatory bodies 1199
Regurgitant jet 3427
Reidel's thyroiditis 477
Reiter's arthropathy 3641f
Reiter's syndrome 663, 3457, 3626, 3641, 3844
Relapsing polychondritis 3247, 3250, 3457
Renal abscess 2052, 2290f
Renal adenocarcinoma 2090
Renal adenomas 2106
Renal adverse reactions 2028
Renal agenesis 2653
Renal and ureteric calculi 1943f
Renal angiogram, selective 2296f
Renal angiography 1997, 2171, 2184
Renal angiomyolipoma 864f, 2268f
Renal artery 861, 1991, 2169f, 2170
accessory 1944
angioplasty 2295, 2296
aorta ratio 1951
bilateral 2171f
Doppler tracings 2166f
embolization 2298
intervention 2298
long 2654f
normal 1991f
right 2296f
stenosis 2167f, 2191f, 2196, 2297f
etiology of 2162
stenting 2172, 2297
thrombosis 2196
Renal biopsy 2451
Renal calculi
characterization 929, 930f
large 888f
Renal cancer
familial 2088
stage grouping for 2097t
TNM staging for 2097t
Renal carcinomas 2064
Renal cell 3205
cystic 2158
staging of 2097
technology in staging 1983
TNM classification of 2067t
tumors 2060, 2061
Renal colic 1764
Renal cortex, periphery of 2198f
Renal cyst, simple 2145
Renal cystic diseases 2142
classification of 2143t
Renal cysts 930
infected 2148f
sclerotherapy for 2289
Renal disease 786, 3296
end-stage 2190f
Renal double curve 1103, 3349
Renal dysfunction 1158
Renal ectopia, crossed 2655
Renal enhancement, phases of 1973
Renal entry, percutaneous 2285
Renal failure 1809, 2013, 2058f, 2178, 3699
acute 2178, 2179fc
chronic 2178, 2179fc
classification of 2178
role of imaging in 2178
Renal fascia
anterior 2265
left anterior 2265f
Renal function, normal 1158
Renal graft 2204f
Renal hilum 1347f
Renal hypoplasia 2657
Renal indices, normal 1951t
Renal infarction 2200f
Renal infections 1989
Renal lesions 3703
characterization of 1969
Renal lymphoma 2103, 2105f, 2699f
Renal mass 1983, 2685, 2686
characterization of 930, 1134
incidental solid 2111
Renal medullary carcinoma 2064, 2103
Renal metastasis 2104, 2159f
Renal multidetector, advantage of 1972
Renal neoplasm 2687
transcatheter embolization of 2299
Renal oncocytoma 2065, 2066, 2105
Renal osteodystrophy 14, 2192, 3562, 3691, 3691f, 3702, 3702f, 3703f
Renal osteotrophy 2192f
Renal papillary necrosis 2057, 2189, 2191f
Renal parenchyma 1020f, 1778, 1982, 2150f, 2200f, 2204f, 2205f, 2656f
disease 2178, 2180, 2180fc, 2185
acute 2185
chronic 2189
Renal pathology, depiction of 1974
Renal pelvic injury 1790
Renal pelvis 2107
amyloidosis of 2189
Renal pseudoaneurysms, transcatheter embolization of 2299
Renal sarcoma 2103
Renal scar 2680
Renal sinus
cyst of 2156
enlarged 2057f
Renal structure of kidneys, normal 1969
Renal systems 1153
Renal transplant 2195, 2298
assessment 908
complicated 2290
evaluation 2013
Renal trauma 2223, 2230
management of 2231
suspected 2223, 2224fc
Renal tubular
acidosis 3687, 3692
dysfunction 3693
loss of phosphate 3691
Renal tumor 1135, 1979, 2060, 2087, 2290, 3412
ablation 1135
classification of 2061t
of infancy, ossifying 2698
pathology of 2060
pediatric 2070
Renal vascular
lesions 1135
pedicle 1969
Renal vein 1904
right 1985f
thrombosis 1952, 2196
Renal venography 1997
Renovascular hypertension, screening for 2163
Residual cyst 642
Residual disease 1132f, 1403
assessment of 1605
Residual pneumatoceles, multiple 3093f
Respiratory bronchiolitis 3052, 3058, 3071, 3129, 3265, 3265f
interstitial lung disease 3057, 3063, 3129, 3133, 3134f
Respiratory chain, defects of 2970
Respiratory distress
and pooling of saliva 2483f
neonatal 2474
surgical causes of neonatal 2479
syndrome
adult 3270
periengraftment 3123, 3124
Respiratory mechanics diaphragmatic excursion 3016
Respiratory motion 3014
Respiratory ordered phase encoding 999
Respiratory papillomatosis, recurrent 3256f
Respiratory syncytial virus 3059, 3090, 3100, 3121
Response evaluation and surveillance 1382
Restenosis 3383, 3518
Resultant coagulative necrosis 1598
Rete testis, tubular ectasia of 2392f
Reticular interstitial pulmonary pattern 3042f
Reticular opacities 3129
Reticuloendothelial system 1120
Reticulonodular opacities 3130f
multiple 3046f
Reticulum cell sarcoma 3751, 3766
Retinal artery, central 47
Retinal detachment 464
Retinal pigment epithelium 1423f
Retinoblastoma 465, 466f, 467f, 2942
Retractile mesenteritis 1819
Retrobulbar orbital tumors 2943
Retrocecal appendicitis 1491f
Retrocecal appendix 1769
visualization of 1769
Retrocecal inflamed appendix 1769
Retrodiscal tissue 3869f
Retroflexed uterus 1959
Retrograde pyelography 2040, 2089, 2212, 2281f
role of 2225
Retrograde ureterogram, role of 2232
Retromandibular vein 512f, 519
Retromolar trigone 516, 586, 588
Retroperitoneal haemorrhage, spontaneous 2269f
Retroperitoneal tumors, primary 2708
Retroperitoneum 1338, 1726, 1797, 1799, 1903, 2264
assessment of 1783
Retrotonsillar abscess 822
Rett's syndrome 2981
Reverberation artifact 870f, 878
Reverberation bands 878
Reversal sign 2882
Reversible encephalopathy syndrome, posterior 271, 302, 307
Rhabdoid meningioma 845
Rhabdoid tumor 2072, 2694, 2932
atypical 362, 755, 845, 2933f
Rhabdomyoma 846, 3412, 3413
Rhabdomyosarcoma 464, 473, 474, 475f, 607, 846, 2518, 2602, 2709, 2850, 2850f, 2943, 3935, 3936f
embryonal 2644
Rheumatic heart disease 3056f, 3381
Rheumatic lung disease 3042
Rheumatoid arthritis 663, 672f, 1510, 1821, 3068, 3072f, 3142, 3205, 3209, 3266f, 3457, 3549, 3626, 3628f, 3629f, 3634, 3699, 3721, 3805, 3806f, 3865
clinical trials 3632
juvenile 3635, 3635f, 3805
magnetic resonance imaging score 3635
Rheumatoid factor 3627
Rheumatoid lung disease 3055
Rheumatological disorders 907, 1550
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis 241f
Rhinoscleroma 495, 3249
Rhinosporidiosis 495
Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia calcificans punctata 2962
Rhombencephalon 20
Rib 3562, 3590, 3694
erosion 3294
notching, causes of 3454t
tuberculosis 3591f
Rickets 822, 36863688, 3690f, 3691, 3702
calcitrol resistant 3691
causes of 3687t
chemotherapeutic drug induced 3687, 3693
etiologic considerations of 3690
healing 3690f
pathology of 3687
tumor associated 3692
Rider's bone 3925
Riedel's struma 564
Riedel's thyroiditis 564, 565
Right adnexa, ultrasound of 2347f
Right elbow joint, pX-ray of 3587f
Right hepatic artery, replaced 1618, 1743
Right hip joint, reduced 2812f
Right shoulder joint, plain X-ray of 3587f
Rigid dysarthria 826
Rigler's triad 1653
Rim-enhancing metastases 1590f
Rind sign 3526f, 3617
Ring around artery 3274
sign 3287
Ring lesion, heterogeneous 103f
Ring-down artifacts, posterior 1774
Rituximab 1391
Road traffic accident victim 1476f
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses 1654
Romberg's sign 826
Ronaldo's fracture 3912
Root 3446
injury 739
peripheral pattern, mixed 1822
tears 3785
Rosai-Dorfman disease 547, 846
Rose thorn appearance 3717
Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor 376, 378f, 844
Rotator cuff
interval 3852, 3853
tear arthropathy 3681
tendinopathy 3854
Round cell tumor, desmoplastic small 1824, 1825
Roux-en-Y
gastric bypass 1884
loop, obstruction of 1888
Rubber-bleb nevus syndrome 1355
Rubella 17, 261, 263, 2921, 3602f
osteomyelitis 3602
panencephalitis, progressive 271, 294
Rudimentary external ear 445f
Rugger Jersey spine appearance 3691f
S
Sabre tibia 3602
Sac of marbles 523
Saccular aneurysm 162
large 3461f
Sacral chondrosarcoma 811f
Sacral chordoma 810f
Sacral plexus 1401
Sacral spinal canal 810f
Sacroiliac joint 2193f, 3588, 3589f, 3635, 3637, 3825, 3845f, 3846f
asymmetric ankylosis of 3641f
bilateral 801f
normal 3845f
Sacroiliitis 3638f, 3844, 3845f
bilateral 3639f, 3641f
Sacrum 1401, 3562, 3825
chordoma of 3768f
Saddle anesthesia 825
Saddle pulmonary embolism, acute 3491f
Saddle tumor 1406
Saddle-Golay coil 982
Saline infusion 1982
Saline injection 1705
Salivary gland 1722
interventions 2449
neoplasms 519
origin, tumors of 497
swelling 1159
tumors, minor 606
type tumors 3217
Salmonella 1855, 3649
osteomyelitis 3597
Salt-and-pepper
appearance 532
pattern 761
skull 3700, 3701f
Salter-Harris classification 2466
fracture of 2467f
Sand-seashore sign 3315f
Sandwich technique 1472
Sarcoid granuloma 3405f
alveolar 3141f
typical micronodules of 3051f
Sarcoma 516, 615
botryoides 2644
cardiac 3415
endometrial stromal 2083f
granulocytic 2851f
histiocytic 846
of uterus 2375
postradiation 3759
undifferentiated 1540, 2709
Sarcomatoid carcinomas 3217
Sarcomatoid transformation 2066
Sarcomatous components 1325
Satellite nodules 3195, 3227
Saturation pulse 1000, 1001
Scalp
hematoma 698f
injury 698
types of 698
Scanogram 3315f
Scaphoid bone 3912f
Scapula 3591
axillary margins of 3694
Scar 2778
postoperative 3988f
tissue, formation of 1722
Scattered fibroglandular tissue 3943
Schatzki's ring 1298, 1300, 1303, 1314
Scheuermann's disease 786, 790, 791f
Schilder disease 286
Schistosoma haematobium infection 1564
Schistosoma japonicum 1564
Schistosoma mansoni 1564
Schistosomiasis 1906
Schizencephaly 317, 2856f
Schmorl's nodes 805, 1510
Schobinger classification 687t
Schwannoma 347, 370f, 397, 398f, 475, 533, 536, 616, 845
intraspinal extension of 2280f
tumor 2516
Sciatica 786
Scimitar syndrome 3500f
Scintigraphic splenic imaging 1847
Scintigraphy, esophageal 1303
Scintillation 1207, 1208
Scintillators, types of 1062
Scissoring gait 826
Scleritis 464
Sclerodactyly 1659, 3922
Scleroderma 1312, 1821, 3042, 3922
Sclerosants 1108, 1248, 1255
Sclerosing adenosis 3970
Sclerosing cholangitis 1520
causes of 1657
Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis 1432f, 1435, 1817
Sclerosing mesenteritis 1819, 1819f
Sclerosing osteomyelitis of Garre 3600
Sclerosing panencephalitis, subacute 255, 271, 294, 836, 2920f
Sclerosing peritonitis 1818f
Sclerosing pneumocytoma 3217
Sclerosis 813, 3578f, 3589f, 3739f
amyotrophic lateral 100
benign multiple 272
discogenic vertebral 3535
hippocampal 315
multiple 74f, 84, 105, 270272, 272t, 273f, 278, 280f, 282, 285, 285t, 297, 752, 822, 839, 3721
Sclerotic frontal bone 15f
Sclerotic lesions, multiple 3533f
Sclerotic margin 3737
Sclerotic metastases 14, 3890f
Sclerotic spinal metastases 811f
Scolices 1852
Scoliosis 786, 791, 3670
idiopathic 3721
Scratch disease 1852
Screen-film mammography 1070
Scrotal edema, acute idiopathic 2727, 2727f
Scrotal hernia, inguinal 2723
Scrotal sac 1957
Scrotal trauma 2386, 2732
Scrotal tumors 2728
Scrotum 1955
acute 2383, 2725
Doppler evaluation 1957
pyocele of 2393f
technique 1955
Scurvy 3715, 3716f
healing 3716f
Scylloinositol 90
Seashore sign 3314
Secretory immunoglobulins 1356
Secretory meningioma 845
See-saw nystagmus 820
Segond's fracture 3811f, 3915
Seldinger needle 1098, 1098f
Seldinger technique 1099, 1705, 1866
Self-breast examination 3977
Sellar and Parasellar lesions 386t
Sellar region, tumors of 334, 847, 848
Sellar tumors 2938
Sellar-suprasellar mass, hyperdense 395f
Semicircular canal 443f, 451f
Semilobar holoprosencephaly 2857f
Seminal vesicle 1955, 2399
agenesis of 2400f
calculi 2401f
heterogeneous 2045f
Seminoma 2390
testis 2391f
Semi-quantitative manner 1720
Sense 987, 1005
Sensitive organs, shielding of 2417
Sensitivity encoding 987, 998, 1046
Sensory inattention 827
Sensory loss, suspended 825
Sensory system 825
Sentinel clot sign 1787, 1787f
Septal lines 3043, 3043f
Septal nodules, interlobular 3053
Septal thickening
interlobular 3060, 3062fc
mild 3068f
smooth 3060, 3155f, 3156
Septate uterus 2316f, 2332, 2333f, 2334
Septated lesions, examples of 3533t
Septic arthritis 2811, 2812f, 2813f, 3605, 3814f, 3866f
sequelae of 2813f
Septic emboli 223f, 3088f, 3094f
Septicemia 3109
Septo-optic dysplasia 2857
Septum pellucidum 26, 26f, 36f
level of 703f
Sequestered disc 793
Serohepatic tuberculosis 1564
Seroma 3989f
Seronegative spondyloarthropathies 800, 3636
Serous
cystadenoma 1751, 1751t, 1752f, 1755, 1758
membranes of pleura 1824
tumors 2075
Serpiginous hyperdense 155f
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor 2081
Serum
alkaline phosphatase 3772
ascorbic acid 3686
aspergillus 3259
calcium 3686
chromogranin 1374
gamma globulin 1721
parathormone 3686
phosphorus 3686
thyrotropin 580
tumor markers 2390t
Serum-ascites albumin gradient 1809
Sessile osteochondroma 3741f
Sex cord 2074
stromal tumors 2079
of ovary 2080f
Sexual activity, diminished 1508
Sexual differentiation, normal 2736
Shanmugasundaram 3584
Sharpey's fibers 3668
Shear wave
elastography 903, 1282, 1283, 1524, 1729, 3958
velocities 576
Shear-dispersion ultrasound vibrometry 898
Shear-wave imaging 897
Sheehan's syndrome 407
Shepherd's crook deformity 3743, 3744f
Shim coils 980
Shock, cardiogenic 1458f
Short-bowel syndrome 1827
Short-tau inversion recovery 759, 787, 1011, 1289, 3017, 3448, 3451, 3541, 3582, 3827, 3918
Shoulder 3586
dislocation of 3909
impingement syndrome 3853
joint 3850
radiograph of 3746f
osteoarthritis 3680
radiographs of 3865f
Shrunken liver 1511f
Shuffling gait 826
Shunts, spontaneous 1903t
Sialadenitis 521
Sialoadenopathy, iodine related 1159
Sialolithiasis 523
Sickle cell
anemia 3721
disease 3649
Sidenafil citrate 2404
Siderosis 3042
Siderotic cardiomyopathy 3405
Siderotic gamna-gandy nodules 1905
Siderotic nodules 1520
Sigmoid colon 1780
and rectum 1775
Sigmoid mesocolon 1806, 1807
Sigmoid sinus 49, 191f
ipsilateral 455f
Sigmoid vessels 1806
Sigmoidal hook signs 22
Signal averages, number of 991
Signal homogeneity 3919
Signal intensity 1758, 3632, 3919
parallels fracture, abnormal 3890
Signal uterine tissues 2738f
Signal-to-noise ratio 66, 115, 385, 990, 1033, 1071, 1085, 3539, 3544, 3779, 3802
Signet ring sign 3131f, 3261, 3912
Silent painless thyroiditis 564
Silhouette sign 3047, 3047f
Silicon implant 3965
Silicon-cesium iodide flat-panel detector, amorphous 1058
Silicosis 3035, 3042, 3053, 3054f, 3055, 3144, 3144f, 3205, 3313f
Simmons catheter 1102f
Simple analysis techniques 1029
Simple coiling 165
Simultaneous angiographic embolization 1800
Single balloon enteroscopy, advantage of 1364
Single photon emission
computed tomography 329, 788, 1224, 1225, 3387, 3397, 3488, 3648, 3703, 3708
tomography 3553
Single wall puncture 45
Single-contrast barium
enema 1404
examinations 1301
Single-piece needle 1098f
Sinonasal lesions 614
Sinonasal polyposis pattern 492
Sinus 1443, 1445, 2778
disease, inflammatory 489
dural 50
lateralis 492
mucosal thickening 494f
oblique 3432
of pericardium 3432b
of Valsalva 3410
aneurysms of 3412, 3417
ruptured aneurysm of 3378
pericranii 9
plate, complete erosion of 451f
straight 49
superior sagittal 49, 50, 61f
thrombosis, sagittal 833
tract 3600
transverse 49, 50, 3432, 3433
Sinusitis
acute 489
chronic 489
Sinusoidal congestion 1638
Sinusoidal dilatation 1572
Sinusoids, distal 1898
Sister Mary Joseph's nodule 1831
Situs
abnormalities of 3246
inversus 3263f
Sjögren's disease 521
Sjögren's syndrome 464, 1659, 3069f
Skeletal abnormalities, classification of 2751t
Skeletal anatomy 660
Skeletal deformities 3689, 3690f
Skeletal disease 3686, 3720
Skeletal dysplasias 2749
Skeletal features 3702
Skeletal growth 3720
Skeletal maturity 2772
assessment 2771
Skeletal metastases 3766f, 3774f, 3776f
Skeletal muscle 3029f
tumors 3935
Skeletal scintigraphy 3775f
Skeleton
appendicular 3884
fibrous components of 2759
Skin 907, 908, 1199
burn 1192
entrance exposure 1096
necrosis 1197
pigmentations 504
puncture 44
Skull 3591, 3689, 3712
abnormal contour of 7
infections of 10
lateral view of 3
metastatic lesions of 13f
Skull base
chondrosarcoma 626f
fractures 729, 730t
posterior 730, 731
posterolateral 730
lesions 397
middle 621t
midline sagittal central 619
posterior 627t
middle 617, 625f
neurovascular foramina, walls of 613
osteomyelitis 630
pyogenic osteomyelitis 631f
Skull fracture 698, 2467
base of 746
compound 708f
types of 698, 699f
Skull vault
lucent areas 9t, 10t
sclerotic areas 14t
Sleep apnea, obstructive 2523
Slice thickness artifact 877
Sliding sign 3283
Slip catheter 1103
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis 2821, 2824f
Small abdominal aortic aneurysms, surveillance of 3464
Small airway 3241, 3264
disease 2536, 3071, 3264, 3264t
Small bowel 1885, 2553
adenoma 1365f
bypass surgery 3687
carcinogenesis 1363
classification of 1384t
edema 1427, 1904
evaluation of 1278
hemangiomas 1366
injured portion of 1798
leiomyoma 2589f
leiomyosarcoma 2591f
lymphoma 1391t, 2589, 2590f
malignancies 1369
masses in children 2587
mesentery 1804, 1805, 1807
strictures, differential diagnosis of 1370
tuberculosis 1429
ulcer 1479
Small bowel adenocarcinoma 1358, 1369, 1372, 2591f
TNM staging of 1372t
Small bowel atresia 2558f, 2559f
types of 2557f
Small bowel carcinoid 1373, 1375f
delineation of 1293
Small bowel obstruction 1339, 1371, 1764, 1773f, 1817
with enteroliths 1431f
proximal 1370
Small bowel tumors 1363, 1395
and polyps 1363t
diagnosis of 1364
Small cell 3754
carcinoma 1326, 3217
lung cancer 3224, 3235
osteosarcoma 3757
Small intestine
adenocarcinoma of 1369
blunt injuries of 1798
Small kidney, causes of 2190fc
Small smooth kidney, unilateral 2190f
Smith's fracture 3911
Snakeskin 1315
Snowman's appearance 3078, 3380
Society of Interventional Radiology 126
Sodium 1144f
bicarbonate 1157
fluoride pet 3775
tetradecyl sulfate 1108, 1108f, 1257, 3575
Soft palate, carcinoma of 594, 595f
Soft tissue 450f, 632f, 738, 813, 881, 908, 3702, 3921, 3926
abnormality 3583f
adjacent 3919
along walls 2636f
angiosarcoma 3932
attenuation 2261f
causing proptosis, preseptal 477f
centrilobular nodules 3057f
density 1698, 1722
enlargement of, 3714
evaluation 3903, 3906
extension 3531, 3534, 3772
hemangioma 3867f, 3568f
hypointense polypoid 1671f
infections 3646
injury 3906
lean 122f
lipoma 3545f
nodules 3057f
paravertebral 3030, 3163
retropharyngeal 2522
surrounding 642
visualization 1090f
Soft tissue attenuation
centrilobular nodules 3056, 3058, 3058t
homogeneous 3056
Soft tissue calcification 3922t
and ossification 3709
presence of 3626
Soft tissue component 3532f
assessment of 613
Soft tissue lesions 3921
cystic 3926
imaging of 3917
of vascular origin 3568
Soft tissue mass 459f, 498f, 907, 1768, 2688f, 3772, 3925, 3926, 3931f
calcified intraocular 466f
large 812f
heterogeneous 2732f
Soft tissue sarcoma
retroperitoneal 2278f
thigh 3575f
Soft tissue swelling 475f, 2761f, 3588f, 3627, 3906
presence of 3626
Soft tissue thickening 3714
of heel pad 3714f
Soft tissue tumor 2836, 2843, 2843t, 2845, 2849, 3338, 3922, 3927
and conditions 2829
benign 3919t
malignant 3919t
Solid tumor 3699
of mesenchymal origin 1827
Solitary and symptomatic polyp 1665
Solitary fibrous tumor 349, 350f, 845, 1355, 1827
Solitary focus of fibrous dysplasia 3535
Solitary lesions 763
Solitary myeloma 3771
Solitary polypoid masses 2082
Solitary pulmonary
arteriovenous malformation 3499f
imaging of 3189
management of 3203
Solitary subsolid nodule 3197
Solitary thoracic vertebra 3767f
Solitary vascular gastric tumor 1354
Solvent vapor abuse leukoencephalopathy 271, 305
Somatastainoma 1759
Somatostatin receptor 1292
scintigraphy 1374
Somatostatinoma 1761
Sonazoid 1125
Sonic hedgehog 357
Sonicated albumin 1125
Sonography, technique of 2381
Sonohysterography 1962f
Source-to-skin-distance 1205
Spastic dysarthria 826
Spatial harmonics, simultaneous acquisition of 68, 987
Spectral separation 925, 926f, 928
Spectral Soppler settings 883
Spectrum 89
antibiotics 1464
Speech
disorders of 826
recognition 1171
Spermatic cord 1957
hydrocele 2725f
Spetzler-Martin grading scale 186t
Sphenoid bone 521f
Sphenoid encephalocele 624f
Sphenoid mucocele 619, 621, 622f
Sphenoid sinus 6f, 383, 383f, 484f, 488f, 492, 496f, 624f
ostium 487f
pneumatization pattern 488
superior wall of 621
walls 622f
Sphenoid sinusitis 492f
Sphenoid wing meningioma 16f, 473, 474f
Spherical anisotropy 231
Spherical pneumonia 3087
Spherical polypoid defect 1365
Sphingolipidosis 2955
Spider angiomata 1521
Spike 1007f
artifact 1007
Spin quantum number 89
Spina bifida 822
isolated 2789f
Spinal accessory
chain 542
nerves 31
Spinal axis, anterior 778f
Spinal canal stenosis 3718f
Spinal cord 305f, 782f
abnormally elongated 2777
atrophy of 276
branches 3352
cavernoma of 782
cavernous angiomas of 782
compressing 763f
displacement of 3894f
dorsal segments of 2861f
injuries 744, 747
ischemia 3352
lesions 275
metastasis, intramedullary 757f
parenchyma 2956f
subacute combined degeneration of 304
Spinal cysticercosis 247
Spinal deformity 3651
Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula 776
Spinal dysgenesis, segmental 2777, 2795
Spinal dysraphism 2777, 2778t
closed 2785, 2789
embryological classification of 2777t
open 2781
Spinal hydatid 3658f
Spinal infections 36523654
imaging of 3646
pathogenesis of 3645
Spinal injuries 2470
Spinal lesions 285
Spinal metastases 760f, 813f
Spinal neoplasm 751
Spinal sclerotomes 662f
Spinal stenosis 786, 791, 795, 796, 3669
Spinal trauma
acute 734
classification of 737
radiological interpretation of 738
Spinal tuberculosis, atypical 3620
Spinal tumor syndrome 3620
Spinal vascular malformations 774, 775t
Spindle cell 3169
carcinoma 1325, 1326, 2065, 3217
differential diagnosis of 1325
oncocytoma 847
Spine 3637, 3689, 3712
clinical advantages of 3725t
coil 3014
degenerative
disease of 3660
disorders of 3660
lumbosacral 789f
nontubercular infections of 3645
tuberculosis of 3608
Spin-echo 1038
imaging 67
sequence 1038f, 1292, 3411, 3878
Spinocerebellar ataxia 818
Spinolamellar line 664
Spinous interlaminar line 664
Spinous processes, posterior 796
Spiral fracture 3904
Splanchnic arterial aneurysms 1473
Splanchnic arterioportal fistula 1910
Splanchnic circulation, anatomy of 1451
Splanchnic vein thrombosis 1703, 1895
Spleen 1507, 1790, 1842, 2458
accessory 1847, 1849
changing 1849
congenital absence of 1851
cyst of 1852
cystic lesions of 1851
infectious diseases of 1852
length in children and adolescents 1848t
level of 1802
ligaments of 1803, 1805, 1807
normal 1846f
parenchyma 1854f
vascular pedicle of 1849
Splenectomy 1867
Splenic abscess
bacterial causes of 1855
percutaneous drainage for 1866
Splenic artery 1294, 1451, 1718, 1891
aneurysm 1866, 1867
wall of 1842
angiography 1847
distal 1867f
embolization 1791
pseudoaneurysm 1478f, 1708f
true aneurysms 1904
Splenic attenuation, mean 1625
Splenic biopsy 1866
Splenic cords 1842
Splenic ectopia 1847
Splenic embolization, partial 1915
Splenic hamartoma 1847
Splenic hemangiomatosis 1861
Splenic hilum 1634f, 1743
level of 1847, 1848
Splenic hydatid cyst 1816, 1852
Splenic index, normal 1848
Splenic infarct 1850, 1856, 1891
Splenic laceration, hypoechoic 1860
Splenic length, measurement of 1847
Splenic masses of dorsal mesogastrium 1848
Splenic neoplasms 1860
Splenic parenchymal hematoma 1789f
Splenic rupture 1857
cause of 1857
idiopathic 1858
Splenic tissue, accessory 1849
Splenic vascular
endothelium 1864
injury 1790
occlusion 1776
Splenic vein 1700, 1895
Splenic vessels 1743
Splenic volume 1847
Splenomegaly, presence of 1906
Splenoportal axis
anatomy of 1912, 1896f
compression of 1705
visualization of 1900
Splenorenal ligament 1802, 1804, 1805, 1807
Split cord malformation 2777, 2791, 2794f
type 2 2793f
Split pleura sign 3106f, 3305, 3305f
Split-liver cadaveric transplant 1617
Spondylitides, infectious 3651t
Spondylitis
infective 802f
tuberculous 536
Spondyloarthropathy 786, 3457
enteropathic 3641
Spondylodiscitis 805
infective 3647f
postoperative 3653
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita 2755f
Spondylolisthesis 789
Spondylolysis 789
Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia 2758f
Spondylosis
deformans 791, 3668
degenerative 3623
Spongiform appearance 566
Spontaneous cycles 2323
Spontaneous pneumothorax
primary 3311
secondary 3312
Sporadic burkitt lymphoma 1836
Sporadic hemangioblastomas 365
Sport injuries 3561
Squamoid thymoma 3169
Squamous cell 3205
cancer, supraglottic 3236f
stage groupings for 1330t
papilloma 3255
Squamous metaplasia 2058
Squashed carpi 3636
Stable calibration 3725, 3726
Stable disease 1605
Stable fracture 738
Stafne's cyst 646f
Stamping gait 826
Standard ligation appendectomy 1769
Stanford types of dissections 3467f
Staphylococcal pneumonia 3048f, 3092, 3092f, 3093f
Staphylococcus 1554, 1855, 3598
Starch microspheres 1109
Static elastography 1282
Steady-state free precession 1012, 3017, 3388, 3448, 3451, 3544
sequences 3411
Steatotic adenomas 1547
Stellate sign 1813
Stem cells, uncommitted 1823
Stenosis
bilateral foraminal 793f
congenital
esophageal 1314
meatal 2671
foraminal 791, 3669
inflammatory tracheal 3248f
jejunoileal 2557
lateral recess 797
segmental 3375
severe 3475
severity of 3455f
Stent 1650
deployment 1684
designs 1929
fracture 3517
graft repair of traumatic aortic transection 3480f
jack technique 169f
placement 1630
primary placement of 3518
selection 1929
Stent-assisted coiling 167, 169f
Stent-protected angioplasty 137
Stepping technique 1089
Stereomammography 1077
Stereotactic biopsy 4001f
breast 1077, 3999
Sternal fracture 3291f
Sternal osteomyelitis 3336f
Sternoclavicular joint 3591
Sternocleidomastoid muscle 516f, 555, 3928f
Sternum 3591
tuberculosis of 3882f
Steroidal contraceptives 1629
Steroids 1550
Still's disease 3805
Stimulated-echo acquisition mode 93
Stomach 1195, 1473, 2547
acquired outlet obstruction of 2583
adenocarcinoma of 2586
and duodenum, tumor of 1335
benign tumors of 1335
carcinoid of 1349
intrathoracic herniation of 3328f, 3331f3333f
ligaments of 1803, 1804, 1807
neurogenic tumor of 1353
surgery of 1883
via submucosal lymphatics, proximal 1322
Stone retention 1889
Storage disorders 1856
Storage hardware 1166
Storage phosphor
radiography 1217
systems 1061
advantage of 1061
Strain 894
elastography 555
Strangulating obstruction 1767
Strap muscles 555f
Stratosphere sign 3314, 3315f
Streptococcus 1855, 3598, 3605, 3649, 3892
pneumoniae 212, 3044, 3090, 3091, 3116, 3304
pyogenes 3090
viridans 162, 3116, 3118f
Streptokinase 1253
Stress 894
fractures 3560, 3629, 3811, 3839, 3898
of femoral head 3834
myocardial perfusion 937f
reaction 3840f
trabeculae 3824f
Stretched coil 173
Stria terminalis 40
Stroke 108, 836
acute 130
ischemic 59, 123f, 944
anterior circulation 59
cerebrovascular 83
ischemic 124
like symptoms 2970
Stromal sex cord tumors 2373
Strongyloides infections 3103
Stuck disc 3872
Student's elbow 3926
Sturge-Weber syndrome 14, 17, 17f, 322f, 2864, 2865f, 2891
Subacromial spur 3853
Subarachnoid blood 842
Subarachnoid cysticercosis 244
Subarachnoid hemorhage 56, 158, 162, 705f, 817, 839, 842
traumatic 157, 703
Subarachnoid veins 842
draining 842
Subareolar papilloma 4008f
Subarticular cystic lesions 3626
Subaxial injury classification 738
Subcapsular splenic bleeding 1790
Subchondral bone 3813f
attrition 3803
resorption 3700
Subchondral cyst 3674, 3676, 3736
like lesions 3803
Subchondral sclerosis 3674, 3675f, 3676, 3678, 3678f, 3679f, 3681f, 3803f, 3873f
Subclavian artery 3023f, 3028f, 3349, 3477f
branches 3352
lesion, right mid 3475
right 3023f
Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy 297
Subcortical band heterotopias 316
Subcortical cysts, multiple 2899f
Subcortical heterotopias 316
Subcortical infarcts 298
Subcortical injuries 709
Subcostalis thoracis muscles 3310
Subcutaneous emphysema 3275, 3286
Subcutaneous fat 2840f
Subcutaneous mass 2789
Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules 3627
Subcutaneous tissue 3001, 3867f
Subdural abscess 214
Subdural empyema 215f, 217f, 834
Subdural hematoma 17, 701
stages of 702f
Subdural hemorrhage 142, 704, 746, 839
Subdural hygroma 2471f
Subendocardial perfusion defect 3389f
Subendothelial swelling 1629
Subependymal cysts 2895f
Subependymal giant cell
astrocytoma 340, 414, 843, 2934, 2935f
tumor 413, 415
Subependymal nodules 341f, 418f
multiple small 418f
Subependymoma 341, 376, 414, 422, 753, 843
Subfalcine herniation 712, 713f
Subglottic carcinoma 601
Subglottic hemangioma 2526
Subglottic obstruction 2524
Subglottic stenosis 2524, 2525f
Subglottic trachea 2522
Subglottic tumors 600
Subhepatic region 1766f
Subhepatic space 1808
right 1806
Subintimal angioplasty 3515
benefit of 3515
technique of 3515f
Subligamentous
bone resorption 3700
spread 3651
Sublingual space 512, 524
normal 513f
Sublobar dysplasia 316
Submandibular gland 544f
duct, right 523f
Submandibular group 542
Submandibular lymph nodes 1243f
Submental lymph nodes 543f
Submentovertex 4
Submesothelial connective tissue 1802
Submesothelial mesenchymal cells 1823
Submucosa 1482
forms 1382
Submucosal edema 1439, 1445
Submucosal fat infiltration 1440
Submucosal fibroid 2335f
Submucosal polypoid periampullary 1350
Submucosal tumor 1355, 1365
Subperiosteal resorption 3698
Subphyseal bone resorption 3700
Subpleural bulla 3054f
Subpleural nodules 3053, 3055
Subpleural reticular opacities 3158f
Subretinal hemorrhage 465
Subscapularis
muscle 38513853
tendon 3851, 3853, 3854
Subseptate uterus 1966f
Subserosal edema 1770
Subserosal fibroid 1777
Subserosal inflammatory nodular changes 1661
Subsolid nodules 3197, 3198, 3204
Substantia nigra 36f
Substernal dysphagia 1302
Subtendinous bone resorption 3700
Subtle focal disease 3006
Subtracted aortogram 1091f
Subtraction, types of 1088
Subxiphoid catheter 1680
Succinate dehydrogenase 1377
Sucking reflex 825
Sudeck's post-traumatic osteodystrophy 3907
Sugar damage 1184
Sulcal hyperintensity, causes of 213t
Sulcus 830
collateral 22, 23
deep costophrenic 3314f
frontal 22
intercondylar 3800f
sign, deep 3274, 3283, 3284, 3314
tumor, superior 3219f
Sulfur hexafluoride 1125, 1570
microbubble 1283, 1429
Sunburst appearance 3190, 3192f
Sunburst
pattern 3755
periosteal reaction 3775f
Sunray pattern 3755
Supersonic shear-wave imaging 898
Supinator reflex, inverted 824
Supraglottic carcinoma 601, 601f, 602f, 605f, 608f
Supraglottic tumors 600
Suprahepatic inferior vena cava 1616
Suprahyoid neck 512
spaces of 512t
Supranuclear involvement 821
Supranuclear lesions 819
Supranuclear palsy 821
progressive 823
Suprapatellar joint effusion 3791
Suprascapular nerve entrapment 3864
Suprasellar cistern 26
Supraspinatus muscle 3851, 3853
Supraspinatus tendon 38513853
Supratentorial malformations 2861
Surgery
colorectal 1875
cytoreductive 1824
esophageal 1883
hepatobiliary 1657, 1886, 1887
intraocular 465
Surgical emergency department 1764
Susac syndrome 271, 297, 299
Suspensory ligaments, maldevelopment of 1849
Swallowing, physiology of 1297
Swan-Ganz catheter 3277, 3367, 3497
Swan-neck deformity 3629
Swine flu 3098, 3099f, 3100f
Swine influenza 3149
Swiss cheese
appearance 3089f
nephrogram 2153f
Swollen cord, edematous 782f
Swyer-James syndrome 2537, 3265
Sylvian fissure 25f, 26, 36f, 874f, 2887f
bilateral 145f
Symmetrical nodules, typical 3055
Symmetrical swelling 3627
Symptomatic breast lumps 3954
Synchronous cancers 1406f
Synostosis 3907
craniofacial 2767
Synovial chondromatosis
of knee 3808
primary 3843
Synovial cysts, giant 3629
Synovial sarcoma 1824, 2850, 2851f, 3217, 3532f, 3936, 3937f
Synovitis 907, 3803
stage of 3581, 3583
Synovium, evaluation of 3804
Syphilis 9, 261, 263, 495, 1520, 3595
acquired 3600
congenital 3600, 3601f
infantile 3600
late congenital 3600
of bone 3600
Syringomyelia, post-traumatic 747
System architecture 1169
Systemic autoimmune disease 288
Systemic complications 2288
Systemic diseases, scrotal involvement in 2732
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 1694
Systemic lupus erythematosus 299, 3042
Systemic sclerosis, progressive 1310, 3139, 3142
Systemic vasculitis 3108
Systolic blood pressure 3474
Systolic velocities 2167f
T
Tachycardia 1154, 1883f
Tactile agnosia 827
Taenia solium 254
Tail sign 525
Takayasu's aortoarteritis 2169f
Takayasu's arteritis 2163, 2173, 3454, 3457, 3475, 3475t, 3477f, 3478f, 3496, 3497f, 3508
types of 3476f
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy 3407
Talocalcaneal tuberculosis 3586f
Talus, fracture of 3915
Tamoxifen 3721t
Tanner and whitehouse method 2773
Tanycytic ependymoma 843
Tape storage 1167
Tapered air-filled bronchus 3285
Tapetum 40
Target’ sign 248f, 536, 1314, 1563
Tarsometatarsal joints 3604f
Tay-Sachs disease 2957f
T-cell lymphoma 1347, 1384, 1392
jejunum 1389f
Technetium-99m
bone scintiscan 3776f
sestamibi scintigraphy 3703
Tectal plate glioma 369f
Teeth 641
Tegmen mastoideum 442f
Tegmen tympani 442f, 451f
Telangiectasia 1659, 2778, 3922
capillary 156, 157
hemorrhagic 775f
hereditary hemorrhagic 3366, 3497, 3499f
Telangiectatic osteosarcoma 2847f, 3750, 3755, 3758f
Teleconsultation, option of 1965
Teleradiology 1164, 1226, 1273
applications 1077
Television picture tube 1086f
Television system 1092
Temporal artery angiogram 690f
Temporal bone 439f, 448f, 657f
congenital anomalies of 444
dysplastic conditions of 458
fractures 447, 698, 699f
types of 698
imaging of 439
inflammatory diseases of 448
normal anatomy of 441f
tumors of 458
Temporal fossa 632f
superficial 476f
Temporal frame averaging 1087
Temporal gyrus
inferior 22
superior 36f
Temporal horn 22, 26
Temporal lobe 26, 708f, 832
epilepsy 101, 327
Temporal resolution 914
Temporal subtraction 1219
Temporal sulcus, right superior 318f
Temporomandibular dysfunction 3867
Temporomandibular joint 621, 626, 636f, 3867, 3870
diseases of 3870
Temporo-occipital regions, right 708f
Ten-day rule 1185, 1206
Tendinitis, calcific 3864, 3865f
Tendinopathy 906, 3854, 3856f
bicipital 3863
Tendon
dislocations, bicipital 3863
reflexes, abnormalities of 824
sheath
giant cell tumor of 3935
tuberculosis of 3592
Tenon's space 477
Tension pneumothorax 3274, 3275f, 3284f, 3316, 3316f, 3316t
signs of 3284b
Tensor fascia lata 3826
Tensor imaging, susceptibility 71
Tentorium 874
cystic 1758
immature 847, 2079, 2373f
mature 847
retroperitoneal 2280f
Teres major 3853
Teres minor 3851, 3853
tendon tear 3862f
Terminal duct lobular unit 3979
Terminal ileal loops 1653
Terminal ileum 1428, 1769
thickening 1769
Territorial infarcts 836
Terry Thomas sign 3912, 3912f
Terumo interventional systems 46
Testes, Leydig cell tumor 2730f
Testicular abnormalities 2713, 2722, 2732
Testicular appendages, torsion of 2726
Testicular calcification 2724
Testicular cancer 2389
evaluation of 2391
Testicular feminization syndrome, complete 2744f
Testicular hematoma 2732f
Testicular inflammation 1957
Testicular torsion 1957, 2726
Testicular tumor 1957, 2387, 2728, 2730
embolization 2307
Testis 2393f, 2398
congenital anomalies of 2382
cystic dysplasia of 2724
vascular resistance of 1957
Tetracycline 1691
Tetralogy of Fallot 3374, 3377, 3379, 3379f
Textilomas 1882
Thalamic glioma 338f
Thalamus 26, 186
echogenic 2881
Thalassemia 9f, 3530, 3721, 3885f
Theca lutein cysts 2343
Thecoma 2081
Thermal ablation 1595, 1598
of lung lesions 3364
Thermal ablative techniques, types of 1598
Thermal injury 3922
Thermal memory 1684
Thermoluminescent dosimeters 1096, 1208, 1211
monitoring 1208
Thiazides 1691, 3699
Thienopyridines 1254
Thin-film transistor 1062, 1218
arrays 1061
Third branchial cleft cysts 539
Third ventricular
cavernoma 434f
epidermoid cyst 432f
masses 424
posterior 430
Thoracic aorta
ascending 3163
descending 3030, 3163, 3447, 3464, 3475
juxtadiaphragmatic 3478f
Thoracic aortic injury, management of 3480
Thoracic aortogram 3349
Thoracic cage abnormalities 3715
Thoracic duct 3030, 3163
Thoracic endometriosis 3322
Thoracic endovascular aortic repair 3473
Thoracic esophagus 1319f
upper and mid 1329f
Thoracic inlet 3021
Thoracic kidney 2654f
Thoracic malignancy 3339
Thoracic meningocele, lateral 3179
Thoracic spine 3030, 3163
trauma 2472
Thoracic trauma 3279
Thoracic vertebrae 1195
Thoracis muscles, transversus 3310
Thoracoabdominal aorta, wall of 1776f
Thoracoabdominal aortic dissection 2270f
Thoracocentesis 3312
Thoracolumbar injury classification 738, 739t
Thoracolumbar spine 801f
injury 742
Thoracolumbar trauma 61
Thoracoscopic surgery, video-assisted 3109, 3225
Thoracotomy 3312
Thorax 1016
lateral diameter of 3284
Thorn sign 3321
Thornwaldt's cyst 527
Thrombin 1109, 1251
Thromboembolic disease, chronic 3492, 3495
Thromboembolism 3508
chronic pulmonary 934f, 3496f
intraprocedural 174
Thrombogenic fibers 1707
Thrombolytic 1253
agents, half-life of 1253t
classification of 1253
infusion, intra-arterial 3574f
Thrombophlebitis 531
superficial 3874
Thrombosed aneurysms 152
Thrombosed vein 1820f
Thrombosis 531, 1540, 3469, 3568
post-traumatic acute 3574f
Thrombotic microangiopathies 302
Thrombus 3412, 3417
Thumb base 3682
Thymic carcinoid 3168, 3169f
Thymic carcinoma 3169, 3444f
Thymic cyst 3170, 3170f
Thymic hyperplasia 3166, 3167f
Thymic lymphoma 3170
Thymic masses 2514
Thymidine kinase 1260
Thymolipoma 3167, 3169f
Thymoma 3163, 3166, 3168f
cortical 3169
epithelial 3169
intrapulmonary 3217
invasive 3168f
lymphocyte rich 3169
WHO classification of 3169t
Thymus 3025, 3029f, 3030, 3163
lesions of 3165
normal 3166f
Thyroglossal duct cyst 558, 559f
Thyroid 556f, 559f, 577f, 905, 1195, 3163
acropachy 3712
adenoma 567, 569f
left lobe 569f
artery
inferior 555f
superior 555f
cancer
recurrent 575
staging protocol for 575t
carcinoma 575t, 3774
anaplastic 574t
preoperative staging of 574
cartilage, focal lysis of 602f
conditions, miscellaneous 565
disease 2030
clinical manifestations of 551
diffuse 560, 561t
disorders 3710
dysfunction 1158
enlarged right lobe of 568f
gland 555f
abnormalities 1421
enlarged 1331
isthmus of 567f
normal 555f, 557f
pathology of 557
right lobe of 562f
high-resolution ultrasound of 579
hormones, normal reference ranges of 551t
imaging 553t
reporting and data system 581
left lobe of 560f, 566f, 569f, 574f
lingual 558, 558f
lobes of 557f
mass 3171, 3173f
nodule 577, 579, 579t, 580t, 581fc
benign 576
evaluation of 576
incidental 577, 579, 579fc, 580
malignant 576
ultrasound categories of 582t
ophthalmopathy 552
right lobe of 563f, 566f
scintigraphy 579
storm 551
ultrasound reporting lexicon 581
Thyroiditis
acute suppurative 564
invasive fibrous 564
lymphocytic 563f, 564
postpartum 564
Thyrotoxicosis 551, 3722
Thyrotropin stimulating hormone 551
Tibia
acute osteomyelitis of 3597
diaphyseal osteosarcoma of 3531f
metaphysis of 3746f
oblique fracture of 2466f
Tibial diaphysis 3765f
Tibial metaphysis, proximal 3794f
Tibial plateau, posterolateral 3809f
Tight filum terminale 2777, 2790f
syndrome 2790
Tined electrode 1599f
Tirads scoring and classification 582t
Tissue
abnormal 408f
adhesives 687
concentration 1027f
distortion 865
extravascular 1788
fibrous 3808f
harmonic imaging 863, 864f, 889, 1966
lymphoid 1363, 1383
specific agents 1113
transition projections 1456
Toddler's fracture 3915
Tolazoline 1471
Tolosa-Hunt syndrome 406, 409f, 820
Tomosynthesis 1067
Tongue 586
carcinoma of 587f, 588f, 657f
base of 595, 596f
Tonsil, carcinoma of 594, 594f
Tonsillar abscess, true 527
Tonsillar fossa 539f
Tonsillitis, acute 527
Tonsils 2522
enlarged 2524
Torcular herophili 49
Torticollis 822
Tortuous anatomy 1975
Tortuous arteries 1470, 3352
Tortuous feeders, multiple dilated 689f
Torulopsis 236
Torulosis 3655
Torus 659
fractures 3904
Total anomalous pulmonary venous
drainage 3380
return with obstruction 3377
Total hypoxia, severe 2868, 2877, 2880
Total imaging matrix 987
Towne's view 3, 4, 6
Toxic
demyelination 306f, 307f
goiter, diffuse 561
Toxopasmosis, congenital 263f
Toxoplasma gondii 247
Toxoplasmosis 17, 247, 248, 250t, 261, 2920
Trabecular bone 3727f
analysis 3731
assessment using 3731
resorption 3700
Trabecular hemorrhage 1905
Trache rachiocephalic artery 3357f
Trachea 566f, 2995, 3023f, 3028f, 3030, 3163
Tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma 3254f
Tracheal bronchus 2533f, 3246f
Tracheal caliber 3242
Tracheal diverticulum 3259f
Tracheal injury 3286f
Tracheal lesions 3163
Tracheal mass 3253f
Tracheal soft tissue 2536
Tracheal squamous cell carcinoma 3254f
Tracheal stenosis 3246, 3247
Tracheal tumors 3254f
Tracheitis, exudative 2523
Tracheobronchial branching anomalies 2532
Tracheobronchial division 2995, 2996f
Tracheobronchial injury 3285
radiological signs of 3285b
Tracheobronchial invasion 3226
Tracheobronchial lesions 3342
Tracheobronchial papillomatosis 3068
Tracheobronchial tree 3027
evaluation of 3241b
imaging of 3241
neoplasm of 3252
pathologies 3246
Tracheobronchial tuberculosis 3079
Tracheobronchomalacia 3243, 3246, 3247
Tracheoesophageal fistula 2482, 2483f, 2531, 2533f, 2544, 2545f, 3255f
Tracheomalacia 2530, 2532f, 3248f
Tracheopathia
osteochondroplastica 3247
osteoplastica 3250, 3251f
Tracheostomy 3312
tube 3276
Traction bronchiectasis 3061f, 3079f, 3129, 3133f, 3140
Tractography 325
Tram-track
calcification, parallel 3946
lesions 3261f
linear opacities 3242f
sign 3261
Trans-abdominal sonography 1714
Transaortic valve replacement 3005
Transarterial chemoembolization 1248, 1257, 1595, 1596, 1601, 1605, 1607, 1618
Transarterial chemotherapy 1595
Transarterial embolization 190, 204, 1595
Transarterial radionuclide therapy 1603
Transarterial rhenium 1595
Transatlantic flight, return 3730
Transatlantic Inter-Society Consensus 3508
Transbronchial lung biopsy 3114
Transbronchial needle aspiration 3243
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation 3449
Transcatheter arterial embolization 1607
Transcatheter chemoembolization 1601f
Transcortical aphasia 827
Transcortical vein, prominent 158f
Transcranial Doppler ultrasound 143, 148
Transcranial ultrasonography 175
Transesophageal echocardiography 3410, 3448, 3459, 3449
Transglottic carcinoma 3256f
Transient bacteremia 1404
Transient bone marrow edema syndrome 3813
Transient elastography 902, 903
fibroscanTM apparatus 901
Transient fluid collections 1890
Transient hemoglobinuria 1598
Transient osteoporosis 3813, 3898
of hip 3834
Transient peristaltic contraction 1427
Transient synovitis 2817f
of hip 2813
Transient tachypnea of newborn 2477, 2477f
Transition vertebra 788
Transitional cell carcinoma 1979, 2078, 2099, 2101f, 2122f2125f, 2214, 2214f
staging of 2103t
Transitional cell cysts 1851
Transitional meningioma 845
Transitional vertebra 786
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt 1531, 1630, 1637, 1911
Transmediastinal artery, prominent 1957
Transmit phased array coils 986
Transplant kidney
evaluation of 1952
normal 2201f
Transrectal and transurethral scanning 1952
Transrectal ultrasonography 1282, 2135
Transthoracic echocardiogram 3493
Transthoracic echocardiography 3410, 3448, 3486
Transthoracic needle
aspiration 3203f
aspiration biopsy 3201
biopsy 3355, 3356, 3359
of pulmonary lesions 3356
Transudative ascites 1809
Transvaginal scanning 1958, 1959
Transvenous embolization 192, 206
Trap door sign 3534, 3534f
Trauma 284, 465, 479, 617, 663, 671, 822, 1857, 3163, 3453, 3809, 3898
pediatric 2457
secondary to 1851
sonography in 1783
Traumatic aortic injury, signs of 3288b
Tree-in-bud 3281
appearance 3078, 3078f, 3118f, 3264
configuration 3282f
nodules 3265f
Treponema pallidum 3600
Treponemes 3595
Triceps jerk 824
Tricuspid atresia 3379, 3380f
Tricuspid regurgitation 3383f, 3429f
Tricuspid valvular disease 3425
Trigeminal nerve 27, 821
mandibular branch of 516
Trigeminal neuralgia 821
Trigeminal schwannoma 624f
Trigeminocavernous fistula, traumatic 207f
Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole 3114
Triradiate pelvis 3695f
Trivial hemoptysis 3341
Trocar technique 1705
Trochanters 3846
Trochlear nerves, paired 27
Truncated lamellae 3531
Truncated triangle sign 3784
Truncation artifacts 1003
Truncus arteriosus 3380, 3384
Trypsin 1691
Tubal factor 2317
Tubal spill, detection of 1964
Tube
current 1206
shielding, X-ray 1202
Tuber cinereum hamartoma 403, 405f
Tubercular abscess 98, 3928f
Tubercular adenitis 1822, 2813
Tubercular arthritis 2813f, 2816f, 3583, 3844, 3844f, 3866f
Tubercular ascites 1813
Tubercular cholangitis 1564
Tubercular dactylitis 3583
Tubercular hip arthritis 2816f
Tubercular infection 802
of prosthetic joint 3593
of urinary tract 2034
Tubercular lymphadenitis 969f
Tubercular lymphadenopathy 545f, 2530f
retroperitoneal 2273f
Tubercular meningitis 228f, 833, 833f, 834f, 2901, 2902f
complications of 228
Tubercular myelitis 3620f
Tubercular osteomyelitis 3583, 3588
Tubercular pachymeningitis 229
Tubercular peritonitis 1814f
Tubercular sacroiliitis 3846f
Tubercular spondylitis 803f
Tubercular stricture 3249f
Tubercular synovitis 2813
disseminated 233, 234f
intracranial 98, 2911t
posterior fossa 232f
abdominal 1429, 1821, 2588f
central 803f
cranial 2909
diagnosis of 1426, 1856
diaphyseal 3589f, 3590f
esophageal 1433
gastrointestinal 1429
genital 2321
genitourinary 2043
hepatosplenic 1437
ileocecal 1427f, 1430f
lymph nodal 1435, 1436f
postprimary 2498, 3077f
primary 3077f
pulmonary 3075
sequelae of 2323f
Tuberculum sellae meningioma 394f
Tuberous sclerosis 14, 16f, 17, 341f, 415, 2108f, 2156, 2864, 2865f, 2891, 3157, 3159
Tubers, cortical 316
Tube-screen alignment 1205
Tubo-ovarian abscess 1778, 2348, 2349f, 2721
Tubular artery sign 3287
Tubular bones 3751
defects of growth of 2750
tubercular of short 3583
Tubular bronchiectasis 3066, 3264f
Tubular carcinoma 3982
Tubular necrosis, acute 2185, 2195
Tubular shadows 3043
Tumefactive demyelinating lesion 286
Tumefactive demyelination 106f
Tumoral calcinosis 3922, 3923
adipocytic 2839, 3928
adrenal cortical 2706
advanced 1413
appendiceal 1835
astrocytic 334, 339, 843, 847
atypical teratoid 362, 755, 845
mesenchymal 1824, 2337
mixed 471
osseous 3336
bone formation 3755f
borderline
mucinous 2076f
serous 2075f
calcification 3922
cartilage forming 3736, 3740, 3750
cartilaginous 2829
cells 2063
infiltrative 1373
central 3221, 3760
childhood 2928
clottic 600
colorectal 1399
common
benign 1356, 1611
posterior fossa 437t
cystic
neurogenic 798f
pancreatic 1134, 1739, 1750
diffuse astrocytic 333, 334, 843, 847
dissemination, degree of 1816
embryonal 334, 367, 844, 848
endocrine 1757
endodermal sinus 2079
endoluminal 1351
endolymphatic sac 374, 375f
endometrial stromal 2082
endometrioid 2077
epithelial 2061, 2107, 3217
odontogenic 654
Ewing's sarcoma family of 3337
extracardiac 3412, 3417
extracolonic 1411
extradural 751, 759
extraparenchymal 2941
extratesticular 2393, 2730
fibroblastic 2838, 3933
fibrohistiocytic 3935
fibrous 2832, 3322f
matrix of 1583
glomous 3736
hepatocellular 1569
histiocytic 334, 846
histologic types of 1363
hypervascular 1285, 1759
imaging 2944
infiltration 96f
inflammatory myofibroblastic 846, 1355, 1828, 1829f, 1862, 3217, 3934
intra-articular extension of 3541f
intraductal 2604f
intradural extramedullary 751, 757
intraluminal papillary 1670
intramedullary 751
lacrimal gland 471, 616
large 1573, 1586
sessile 1365
lipomatous 1553, 2708
lymphangitic spread of 3060
lymphohistiocytic 3217
lymphoid 2061
malignant mixed 471, 473f
margin 3919
markers 1584
matrix 3737
miscellaneous 606
neuroendocrine 1356
node metastasis
classification 1402
staging system 1372, 1744
nodules 1831
nonfunctioning 1761
of colon, secondary 1419
of peritoneum, primary 1824t
pedunculated 1365
perineural extension of 519, 592f
primary 651, 1329, 1595, 2067, 2097, 3226
malignant 3557
response, assessment of 1135
second primary 606
secondary 1363, 1595, 2215
soft 1822
spread, pathways of 1668
staging manual 1338
suprasellar 2938
supratentorial 2934
thrombus 1574, 1632
unresectable 1741
vascular leakiness 964
Tunica albuginea 2382f
Tunica vaginalis 1824, 1957
Tunnel systems 979
Turbo field echo 466
Turbo spectroscopic imaging 109
Turbo spin echo 66, 3850
sequences 1012
Turcot's syndrome 1337, 1369, 1400, 3454, 3713
Tympanic labyrinthitis 452
Typical transmantle sign 318f
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib 1352
U
Uhl's anomaly 3381
Ulceration 132f, 687
Ulcerative colitis 1445, 1510, 1880f
Ulcerative disease entities 1426
Ulceroconstrictive lesions 1426
Ultrafast-gradient-echo sequence 1056
Ultrashort echo time 3732
imaging 3018
Ultrasonography 509, 554, 3085, 3294, 3314, 3318, 3326, 3504, 3503, 3595, 3631, 3754, 3917, 3918
intraoperative 1281
Ultrasonography evaluation of liver 1281
Ultrasound 1216, 1222, 1259, 3269, 3279, 3448, 3459
contrast-enhanced 576, 1124, 1131, 1843, 1513, 1783, 3958
elastography 555, 901, 3958
principles and application 894
high-resolution 3703
image, quality of 873
intraductal 1651
intravascular 3394, 3448, 3449, 3459
radiation force, spatially modulated 897
Umbilicus 1903
Uncal herniation 713, 713f
Uncinate fasciculus 40
Uncinate process 486, 492
Undescended testes 2723
Unicornuate uterus 2331
Unicystic ameloblastoma 648f
Unilocular cysts 1751
Union for International Cancer Control 3225
Upper aerodigestive tract, malignancies of 585
Upper lobe
pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, right 2437f
right 2500f
Urachal anomalies 2119, 2667
Urachal carcinoma 2125f
Urachal cyst 2668
Urachal diverticulum 2668, 2668f
complicated with infection 2120f
Urachal sinus 2668
Urea cycle
defects 2974
disorder 2975f
Ureter 1947, 1952, 2038, 2042
anomalies of 2662
circumcaval 2213
diseases of 2206, 2212
ectopic 2662, 2663f
inflammatory lesions of 2215
lower 2217f
miscellaneous diseases of 2220
upper left 1982f
Ureteral fistula 2220
Ureteral herniation 2220
Ureteral injury 2220, 2232f
Ureteral obstruction
causes of 2217
extrinsic causes of 2218t
Ureteral stents 1107
Ureteral stone 1486
Ureteral trauma 2232
Ureteral tumors 2214
Ureteric calculus 2213
distal 2182f
Ureteric dilatation and stenting 2452
Ureteric obstruction 2220f
acquired 2213
congenital 2212
causes of 2212t
Ureteric stones 1942
Ureterocele 2212, 2213f, 2662
ectopic 2663, 2664f
simple 2663, 2663f
Ureteropelvic duplication 2656
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction 2212
Urethra 1952
abnormalities of 2668
anterior 2670f
female 1953f, 2237
narrow penile 2573f
specific diseases of 2124
Urethral calculus 2128f
Urethral diverticulum 2127f
anterior 2670, 2670f
Urethral duplication 2670
Urethral edema, degree of 1987
Urethral fistula
rectobulbar 2574f
rectoprostatic 2573, 2573f
Urethral injuries
anterior 2235, 2237f
posterior 2235
Urethral polyp, posterior 2669
Urethral stricture 1958, 2127f
post-traumatic anterior 2127f
Urethral trauma 2235
management of 2236
Urethral tuberculosis 2040
Urethral valve
anterior 2670
posterior 2668, 2669f
Urethrography, technique of 2235
Urinary bladder 1404, 1998, 2039, 2042, 2595f, 3529f
and urethra 1952
and urethra technique 1952
anomalies of 2665
carcinoma of 1233f
duplication of 2666f
intraperitoneal rupture of 1790
malignancy 2220f
specific diseases of 2119
suprapubic region for 1783
tuberculosis 2040f
Urinary calculi 1987
Urinary colic, acute 1778
Urinary complications 2196
Urinary obstruction 2212
Urinary tract 1977f, 2216f
calculus, detection of 1942
congenital anomalies of 2649
embryologic development of 2653
imaging 2005
infection 273, 1486, 2013
injuries 1795
lower 1786fc
lower 1990
nontubercular infections of 2050
nonvascular interventions in 2285
obstruction 2013
trauma 2223
tuberculosis 2216f
upper 1980
Urinoma 2200f, 2202f
Urobilinogen, presence of 1645
Urogenital diaphragm 2237f
Urogenital sinus defect 2575
Urogenital system, anatomy of 1993
Urogenital tract 1995
computed tomography of 1969
Urogram
excretory 2056f
intravenous 2087, 2099
Urographic contrast media 2023
Urography 1977
excretory 2593f
intravenous 1941, 2036, 2197, 2207, 2210
Urokinase 1253
Urological problem 1943
Uropathy, obstructive 2206
Uroradiology 2429
history of 1941
Urothelial malignancies 2089
Urothelial tumor 1979, 2099
Urticaria 1154
Uterine
agenesis 2331f
anomalies, congenital 2330, 2721
arteriovenous malformation 2303, 2305f, 2340, 2341f
artery embolization 2303, 2304f
body 3774
cavities 2333f
cervix, carcinoma of 2084
factor, endometrial 2312
fibroid 2304f, 2335f
large 2304f
isthmus 2003f
leiomyoma 2303, 2338
treatment of 2336
lesions, benign 2330
Robert's catheter 2304f
size 1959t
Uterosacral ligament, thickening of 1777
Uterus 1958, 2713
and adnexa 1958
normal appearances 1959
technique 1958
and ovaries 2001
bicornuate 2332, 2333f, 2334, 2334t
didelphys 2332
evaluation of 1964
lower part of body of 2361f
neonatal 2714f
normal 1959f
Uveal melanoma 469f
Uveitis 464
V
V sign 3786
Vagal reaction 1155
Vagina 1961
carcinoma of 2374, 2375f
Vaginal mucosa, surfaces of 1959f
Vagus nerve 533, 821
Valsalva maneuvers 2994
Valve endocarditis 3429
Valve leaflet morphology 3428
Valvular disease 3423
diagnosis of 3423
Valvular heart disease 3423, 3492
Valvular pulmonic stenosis 3376
Valvular regurgitation 3383, 3427, 3428
Valvular stenosis 3427, 3428
Valvular vegetation 3412, 3418
van der Knaap
disease 2968f
disorder 2967f
Variceal bleeding 1607
Variceal embolization 1919
Variceal status 1912
Varicella 3100, 3116
pneumonia 3100f
zoster encephalitis 253
zoster virus 413, 3099
Varices 1903
Varicocele 1957, 2394, 2397, 2398f, 2723
embolization 2307
Varicoid carcinomas 1322
Varicoid tumors 1322
Varicose 3260
bronchiectasis 3066, 3131f
Vascular access 3511
types of 3512f
Vascular calcification 3923
Vascular causes 1776, 2527
Vascular complications 1703
Vascular contrast extravasation 2227
Vascular diseases 3058
Vascular injury 710, 746, 1783, 1788, 1790, 1791, 1889, 3287, 3906
uncontained 1788
Vascular interventions 1706, 2432, 3365
Vascular lesions 407, 478, 822, 2509, 2837, 3182, 3205, 3928
Vascular malformation 154, 320, 407, 423, 519, 539, 686, 1046f, 2437, 2528, 2838, 2891, 3247, 3342, 3932
radiation induced 305
Vascular masses 431
Vascular origin
lesions of 539
tumor of 1586
Vascular perinodal inflammatory reaction 1822
Vascular plug, postdeployment of 3499f
Vascular ring 1330, 2527
Vascular signs 3493
Vascular sinuses 1842
Vascular stent 1105
Vascular surgical techniques 1618
Vascular thrombosis 1887
Vascular tinnitus, radiological evaluation of 453
Vascular tissue 1979
tumors 3744
Vascular trophoblastic tissue 235f
Vascular tumors 541, 686, 1612, 2943, 3174, 3736, 3750
Vascular tympanic membrane 453
Vascularity in gallbladder wall 1771f
Vasculitis 142, 228, 236, 284, 302, 1820, 3129, 3247, 3342, 3457
inflammatory 297, 299
with mesenteric angina 1461f
Vasculopathy 135, 236
Vasodilator infusion, intra-arterial 175
Vasogenic edema 220f
Vasovagal reaction 1689
Vastus lateralis 3825
Veiling glare 1084, 1092
Vein
intradural 776f
of Galen 49
of Trolard 49
status of 1746
Velocity encoding 1043
Velocity scale 883
Vena cava
level, superior 3028f
obstruction, superior 3182
Venolymphatic malformation 519
Veno-occlusive disease 1629, 1913, 3495
Venous angioma 157, 158f
Venous anomalies 1944
Venous catheter 3276
aberrant positioning of 3276
deep positions of 3277f
Venous collagenosis 297
Venous complications 1703
Venous congestion 780f
Venous drainage
abnormal pulmonary 3383
pattern of 186
Venous hemangioma 3569f
Venous hypertension 781, 842
Venous infarction 833, 836, 838f
Venous involvement, unresectable 1741
Venous malformation 540, 3933
Venous mesenteric ischemia 1454
treatment of 1460
Venous occlusion, level of 1628
Venous occlusive
disease 1457
ischemia 1457
Venous sinus 181f
removal of 839
thrombosis 1046f
Venous thrombosis 781, 908, 1704f, 2271
Venous tinnitus 454
Ventilation-perfusion scan 1175
Ventilator acquired pneumonia 3084, 3091
Ventral mesentery, posterior part of 1802
Ventricles 38
appearance of 831
Ventricular septal defect 3374, 3454
Ventricular system
anatomy of 412
physiology of 412
Ventriculitis 224
Ventriculography, conventional 412
Venulitis, obliterative 3463f
Vermiform appendix 1482
Vertebra
hemangioma of 3745f
lumbar 1195, 2769f
multiple dorsal 3614f, 3898f
Vertebra-basilar junction aneurysm 164f
Vertebral anomalies, congenital 3177f
Vertebral arteries 42, 46, 49, 42, 58f, 189f
aneurysm, right 150f
right 42
Vertebral body 795
height 3651
marrow signal intensity of 3718f
squaring of 3638
Vertebral collapse
benign 3890
malignant 3890
Vertebral compression fractures 3733
Vertebral fracture 786
Vertebral hemangioma 761, 806f
Vertebral osteomyelitis, pathophysiology of 3646f
Vertebral pedicles, destruction of 3772
Vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysm 172f
Vertebrolumbar azygous pathways 1634
Verterbal artery 207f
Verumontanum, level of 1955
Vesibular nerve, superior 444f
Vesicoureteral reflux 1943, 2674
Vesicoureteric reflux, grading of 1944
Vessel
angiography, six 42
anomalous 149
disease, small 271, 297
evaluation 1283
ischemic changes, small 284
Vestibular aqueduct, congenital dilatation of 446
Vestibular nerve, inferior 444f
Vestibulocochlear nerve 27, 444f, 821
Viagra 2404
Video system 1085
Videofluoroscopic swallowing study 1333
Videofluoroscopy 1300, 1305
Videotape recording 1093
Villous adenoma 1356, 1359, 1359f, 1408
Villous and tubulovillous distinctions 1337
Vincristine 1391
Vipoma 1759, 1761
Viral encephalitis 835, 836, 836f, 1315, 2916
Viral hepatitis 1506
serologies 1896
Viral infection 252, 831, 1854, 3042, 3058, 3059, 3067, 3098, 3121, 3649, 3654
disseminated 3055
Viral pneumonia 2487, 2487f, 2488f, 2505, 3042, 3087f, 3098f, 3099f, 3149, 3157
Virchow-Robin spaces 284, 284f
Virus 3090, 3595
Viscera sign 3289
Visceral arteries 3496
Visceral collateral network 3481, 3482f
Visceral organ injury 1783
Visceral solid organ tuberculosis 1437
Visceral space 512, 537
Visceroatrial situs 3369
Viscoelasticity 894
Viscosity 894, 1147
Visual agnosia 827
Visual cortex 186
Visual loss, binocular 818
Visual pathway 819f
localization 818
Vitamin
excessive 3721
intoxication 3699
B12 deficiency 271, 305f
dependent rickets 3687, 3691
dietary deficiency of 3687
familial 3692
intoxication 3699, 3922
metabolism 3691, 3697f
abnormalities of 3687, 3691
resistant rickets 3687
D3, activation of 3687f
D-dependent rickets, hereditary 3691
Vitreous hemorrhage 465
Voiding urosonography 2679
Volume-rendered technique 728f, 1221, 1901, 19751977, 1977f, 1992, 3449, 3506
Vomiting 142, 1429
von Graefe's sign 819
von Hippel-Lindau disease 755, 756, 1752, 2156f
von Recklinghausen disease 1363, 3178, 3700
von Rosen's method 2799f
Voxel positioning 94
Voxel spectroscopy, single 93
Vulva, carcinoma of 2374
Vulval carcinoma 2086f
Vulvar Paget's disease 2086
W
Wackenheim's line 664
Waddling gait 826
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia 3891
Waldeyer's ring 607, 608f
lymphomas 607
Wall abnormality 2530
Wall of trachea, posterior 1327
Wall shear stress 161
Walled-off necrosis 1694, 1701
Wallenberg's syndrome 821
Walthard’ cell nests 2078
Wandering acetabulum 3585f
Wandering spleen 1849
Warthin's tumor 519, 521
Washed out appearance 3581
Water solubility 1143
Wearing dosimeter 1209
Weaver's bottom 3591
Web-based systems 1170
Weber's syndrome 820
Web-Plummer-Vinson syndrome 1300
Wedge fracture 742
Wegener's granulomatosis 495, 3055, 3108, 3205
Weight loss 1299, 1711, 1726
Wernicke's aphasia 827
Wernicke's area 327f
Wernicke's encephalopathy 271, 302
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome 302
Weston-Hurst syndrome 292
Wet ascitic type 1812
Wharton's duct 523f
Whiplash injury 748
Whipple's disease 1437, 1821, 3641
Whipple's procedure 1889
Whipple's surgery 1795
Whipple's triad, characteristic 1760
Whirl sign 1773, 1774f
White blood cell 1866
White matter
diseases 288, 297, 300, 305
imaging of 270, 271
injury
of prematurity 2871
postradiation 271
lesions, ischemic 284
normal appearing 105
of brain 38
White nails 1521
White pyramid sign 1987
Wide area network 1169
Widow's hump 3723
William-Campbell syndrome 3260, 3262
Wilms’ tumor 420, 2069, 2070f, 2686, 2689f, 2691f, 2701
cystic 2690f
Wilson's disease 307, 1501, 1510, 1511f, 1512, 2981, 2982f
Wimberger's sign 3600, 3716
Wingspread classification 2570t
Wireless capsule endoscopy 1467
World Federation of Neurological Surgeons
grade 165, 165t, 841
scale 841
Wound
complications 1881
infection, presence of 1881
Wrist
dislocation of 3912
joints 3627, 3630f
bilateral 3908f
Wuchereria bancrofti 3103
X
Xanthoastrocytoma, anaplastic pleomorphic 843
Xanthogranuloma 414, 424
juvenile 846
Xanthogranulomatous
cholecystitis 1654, 1665, 1655f
pyelonephritis 2057, 2057f
Xanthomatosis, cerebrotendinous 2962
X-ray control room, shielding of 1203
Y
Y sign 227
Yaws 495
Yeast 835f
Yersinia sp 1821, 1822
Yolk sac tumor 464, 847, 2079, 2373f
Young's modulus 895
Yttrium tantalate 2990
Yttrium therapy 1595
Z
Zebra-stripe 1844
Zellweger's syndrome 2960
Zenker's diverticulum 1298, 1299, 1306
Zinc cadmium sulfide 1083
Zipper artifact 1007
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome 1760, 1761
Z-overscanning 916
Zygoma 722
Zygomatic arch 722
Zygomatic bone 728f
right 727f
Zygomatic fractures 726
Zygomaticofrontal buttress 720
Zygomaticomandibular fractures 727
Zygomaticomaxillary fractures 727
Zygomyces 834
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