Case-based Reviews in Dermatology Rashmi Sarkar, Anupam Das, Isha Narang, Indrashis Podder
INDEX
Page numbers followed by ‘b’ box; ‘f’ figure; ‘fc’ flowchart; and ‘t’ indicate table respectively.
A
Acantholytic cells 127f
in clumps 123f
multiple 122
Acanthosis nigricans 13, 221, 222
Acid fast bacilli 80
Acne
rosacea 99
vulgaris 99
Acquired facial melanoses 222
Acquired immune mediated 82
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 32
Acrodermatitis enteropathica 116
Acromegaly 61
Acropustulosis of infancy 116
Actinic keratosis 99, 102
Addison's disease 60, 61, 65
Addisonian pigmentation 222
Adenovirus 176
Adrenocorticotropic hormone 67, 225
Alkali spill 128f
Allergic contact dermatitis 125, 135, 208
Alopecia areata 13, 205
diffuse type of 197, 199
incognita 199
Alopecia in syphilis, clinical picture of 204
Alpha tocopheryl 228
American Academy of Dermatology 142
Aminexil 203
Amiodarone 64
Amitriptyline 49, 53
Amlexanox oral paste 10
Ammonium lactate 48
Amoebiasis 29
Ampicillin 74
Amyloidosis 82
Anagen effluvium 204
Anagen hair loss 197, 199
clinical features of 201
Analyte-specific reagents 162
Androgen excess disorders 201
Androgenetic alopecia 199, 204
in women 200
Aneurysm, rupture of 5
Angiofibroma 99
Angiotensin II inhibitors 54
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors 54, 142, 200
Anhidrosis 91
Anti-androgens like cyproterone acetate 203
Antibody assay 47
Antidepressants 49, 200
Antihistaminics 49
Anti-inflammatory analgesics 11
Antilipoid immunoglobulin 40
Antimalarials 229
drugs 26
like chloroquine 63
Antimicrobial resistant 180
Antinuclear antibody 12, 14, 210
Antipsychotics 54
Antithyroid drugs 200
Antitubercular treatment 225
Apert syndrome 100
Aphthae like oral ulceration 2f
Aphthous
stomatitis 24f
ulcers 4
Apocrine gland 99
Appendages, loss of 91
Apremilast 10
Aprepitant 49, 51
Aquagenic pruritus 45
Arbutin 228
Argyria 64
Arsenic 64, 90
Arthritis 14
Articular
involvement, management of 11
manifestations 5
Ascorbic acid 228, 229
Ashy dermatosis 61, 230
Aspirin 229
Atopic dermatitis 55, 208
Autoimmune blistering disease 121
primary 136
Autoimmune blistering disorders 137t, 139t
Autoimmune bullous
dermatosis 76
disease in children 115
Autoimmune diseases 118
Autoimmune disorders 125
Autoimmune vesiculobullous disorders 128, 130f
Automated regain test 40
Autonomic integrity, testing 85
Autosomal dominant 114
Avobenzone 229
Azathioprine 10, 11, 18, 25, 144
Azelaic acid 228
Azithromycin 40, 163, 164, 168, 169, 181
B
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination 90
Bacterial
infection 29, 41
prostatitis 176
vaginosis 156, 158, 160f, 160165, 169
Bacteroides 162
Basal cell carcinoma 30, 99, 102
Basaloid follicular hamartoma syndrome 100
Bazex–Dupré-Christol syndrome 100
Beçhet syndrome 41
Behçet's disease 2, 4, 8, 3f, 30, 32, 33, 34, 36
case of 8
clinical features of 2, 7
cutaneous lesions of 7
diagnostic criteria for 6
international criteria for 6t
neonatal 117
over tongue in 2
treatment options in 9
Bell's palsy 90
Benediction sign 85
Benign cephalic pustulosis 113
Benzathine penicillin 40
single dose of intramuscular 29
Benzophenones 229
Berloque dermatitis 222
Beta carotene 229
Biguanides 54
Biliary
cirrhosis, primary 62
occlusion 46
Biomimetic peptides, topical 203
Birt–Hogg-Dubé syndrome 100
Blaschko lines 66
Blister formation, mechanism of 135
Blistering diseases 136
clinically resemble child abuse 118
Blistering disorders 115
in children, approach to 117
Blistering distal dactylitis 108
Blisters in children 108t
Bone mineral density 145
Boric acid 164
Bourneville's syndrome 100
Bowen's disease 30
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor 209
Bronze baby syndrome 61
Bronze diabetes 62
Brooke-Spiegler syndrome 100
Bubos 33
Buccal mucosa 2
Bulla and villi formation 127f
Bullous dermatoses 30, 151
chronic, childhood 119f
Bullous disorder
chronic, childhood 107
in children 104
classify 107
Bullous erythema multiforme 76, 115, 126
Bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma 115
Bullous lichen planus 128
Bullous lupus erythematosus 125, 128
Bullous mastocytosis 116
Bullous pemphigoid 125, 133, 134f, 141
childhood 118t
direct immunofluorescence test 140f
Bullous sweet's syndrome 125
Busulfan 64, 65
Butorphanol modulates opioid system 51
C
Caffeine 203, 228
Calcineurin inhibitors 25
Calcinosis cutis 13
Calcitriol 44
Calcium
acetate 44
channel blockers 54, 142
Camphor 48
Cancer
cachexia 61
cells 54
Candida 160, 161, 162
Candida albicans 157f
Candida glabrata 159
Candida krusei 159
Candida species 159
presence of 162
Candida tropicalis 159
Candidal vulvovaginitis 156, 158
Canidida albicans 159
Capixyl 203
Captopril 16, 142
Carbamazepine 16, 54, 126, 152
Carcinoid syndrome 46, 61
Card test 85
Cardiovascular manifestations 5
Carotenoids 65
Catastrophic paralysis 87
Cefadroxil 142
Cefixime 164
Ceftriaxone 163, 164
Centers for Disease Control 163, 164, 169, 180
Central nervous system 5, 105, 111
involvement, management of 11
Centrifugal pattern 74
Cephalocaudal progression 73f
Cephalosporins 54
Cerebellopontine angle tumors 90
Cerebral
abscess 46
tumor 46
Cervical
infection 164
os 167f
Cervicitis
gonococcal 167, 169
nongonococcal 167
Cetirizine 48
Chancre 36, 37, 38
atypical manifestations of 39
in males 38
primary 33
redux 39
Chancroid 37
Charcot’ joints 91
Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy 82
Chemical
irritation 176
peels, classification of 227, 228t
Chicken pox 110
Chikungunya 110
fever 78
virus 78
Chilblain lupus 19
Chlamydia 158, 160, 162, 165, 178
Chlamydia trachomatis 158, 172
Chlorambucil 54
Chlorhexidine gel 10
Chloromas 34
Chloroquine 25, 26
blood levels in therapy 26
Chlorpheniramine maleate 48
Cholestatic
pruritus, causes 52
pruritus, clinical characteristics of 53
“Christmas” tree pattern 200
Chrysiasis 64
Cicatricial pemphigoid 30, 34
Cimetidine 152
Cinnamates 229
Cinoxate 229
Clindamycin 163, 164
Clofazimine 64
Clotrimazole 163, 164, 169
vaginal pessaries 157
Clue cells, gram stain for 161
Coalesced herpes lesions 33
Colchicine 10, 11, 107
Collagen vascular conditions 73
Colloid milia 99
Colonoscopy 2
Condoms, use of 32
Connective tissue disorders 199
Contact dermatitis
common causes of 214
treatment of 216
Corkscrew motion 39
Corneal ulcers 91
Coronal sulcus 28
Coronary artery lesions 5
Corticosteroids 11
Cowden syndrome 100
Creatine phosphokinase 210
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease 46
Crohn's disease 30, 31, 32, 41, 194
Crusting over
neck 122f
scalp 123f
Crystallina 112
Cushing syndrome 61, 62
Cutaneous examination 34, 44
Cutaneous horn 99
Cutaneous leishmaniasis 185
Cutaneous lesions 3
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus 12
acute 22, 23f
treatment of 25
classification of 12
clinical features 17
histopathology and types of 17
subacute 21, 22f
clinical features 22
drugs causing 21
etiology 21
Cutaneous sarcoidosis
clinical variants of 191
management of 192
Cutaneous sensation 43
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma 151
Cutaneous tuberculosis
classification of 186
classify 186
diagnosis of 187, 188
drug resistance 188
suspected case of 187
treatment regimen for 189
Cutaneous vascular disease 13
Cyclophosphamide 25, 144
Cyclosporine 10, 11
Cystic mastitis 204
Cytomegalovirus 29
Cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies 9
D
Dactinomycin 64
Dandruff 212
Dapsone 10, 18, 25, 107, 144
Deep dermis 65
Deep fungal infection 185
Deep tendon reflexes 83
Deformity 91
Degos disease-like lesions 13
Dehydroepiandrosterone 16
Dengue
fever 78
virus 78
Deoxyarbutin 228
Dermal hyperpigmentation 60
differential diagnosis of 60
Dermal papillae 138f
Dermatitis 151
Dermatitis herpetiformis 24, 125, 133f, 136, 138f, 141
direct immunofluorescence 140f
Dermatological
causes 61
diseases 45
symptom of 43
disorders 43
Dermatomyositis 208
Dermatosis papulosa nigra 99
Dermis 59
superficial 65
Dexamethasone-azathioprine pulse 144
Dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide pulse 143
Dexamethasone-methotrexate pulse 144
Dexamethasone mucosal paste 10
Diabetic neuropathy 208
Dicloxacillin 107
Diffuse alopecias, trichoscopic features 204
Diffuse dermal melanosis 63
Diffuse hair loss 196
case of 201
common type of 198
differential diagnosis of 199
hormonal profile 201
important points for history taking 201
laboratory investigations 202
measures for managing 203
scalp biopsy in 202
Diffuse hyperpigmentation 57, 65t, 67
approach to 66fc
causes of 61t
patient with 64, 65
Diffuse telogen hair loss 199
identify 200
triggers of 199
Dioxybenzone 229
Diphtheria 90
Disability 91
Discoid lupus erythematosus 17
disseminated 17
histopathology 18
hypertrophic 19
immunopathology 18
mucosal 19
prognosis 18
treatment of 18
Discoid rash 14
Disseminated disease 105
Donovan bodies 35, 38
Donovanosis 37, 38
Double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid 9
Down-regulate T-cell activity 25
Doxepin 49, 50, 55
Doxycycline 40, 163, 169, 181
Drug induced
disorders 125
hyperpigmentation 221
pemphigus 142
Drugs and toxins 61, 63
Drugs like minocycline 65
Dyshidrosiform pemphigus 142
Dyshidrotic dermatitis 125, 135
E
Eccrine
gland 99
hidrocystoma 99
Eczema herpeticum 127f
Egawa's test 85
Electron microscopy 134
role for 136
Electrophysiological testing 85
Emotional stress 199
Endocrine
and metabolic disease 46
causes 61
Endomyocardial fibrosis 5
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 36, 138, 161
Eosinophil cationic protein 209
Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin 209
Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis 7, 117
Epidermal hyperpigmentation 60
Epidermis 59, 184f
ballooning degeneration of 38
fishnet appearance of 123f
severe sloughing of 150
Epidermolysis bullosa 114, 121
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita 115, 117, 125
childhood and adult 118t
Epithelioid cell granulomas 184f
Epstein–Barr virus 25, 29, 30, 176
Erosive lichen planus 31
Erythema dyschromicum perstans 58, 61, 225, 230
Erythema multiforme 30, 75, 136
cases of 135
like lesions 4
major 125
Erythema
nodosum leprosum 93
over trunk 150f
toxicum neonatorum 112
Erythematous 88f
annular plaques 190f
infiltrated plaques 194f
papules, differentials for 99
Erythroderma 149, 154
clinical features of drug-induced 152
common causes of 151
complications of 153, 153t
different causes of 150
drugs causing 152
laboratory findings 153
manage case of 153
nail changes seen 152
occur in neonates 151
systemic manifestations of 153, 153t
triggering factors of 152
Erythromelanosis follicularis 225
Erythromycin 164
Ethambutol 189
Ethylene glycol 90
Eumelanin and pheomelanin, difference 60t
European Dermatology Forum Guidelines, 2015 143
Exogenous ochronosis 221, 222
F
Face
colored papules on 100
pigmentation on 58f
Facial melanosis 219
causes of 222
classification of 219, 222
correct diagnosis 223
differential diagnosis 223, 223t
management of case of 222
role of laboratory investigations 226
Facial nerve palsy, causes of 90, 90f, 91
Familial progressive hyperpigmentation 61
Felty's syndrome 61
Female pattern hair loss 197
Fetal varicella 109
Fever 32
Fever and rash with child 72, 73
approach to patient 77fc
causes of 75
acute onset of 75b
subacute onset of 75b
classification of 76t
history taking 73b
infectious and noninfectious causes of 75
management of 76
signs indicative of 74t
subacute onset of 75
Fever and rash with neonate, causes of 75
Fexofenadine 48
Fibrous papule of nose 99
Flavonoids like catechin 228
Fluconazole 157, 164
Fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption 35, 40
Fluvoxamine 49, 55
Folic acid deficiency 61
Follicular mucinosis 99
Follman's
balanitis 39
sign 85
Fungal infection 110
G
Gabapentin 49
Gardnerella 162
vaginalis 160, 162
Gastrointestinal involvement, management of 11
Gastrointestinal manifestations 5
Gelatin capsule 164
Gene amplification techniques 88
Genetic susceptibility 15
Genital herpes 158
Genital ulcer 3, 28
approach to 35fc
atypical manifestions of 38t
case of 30
causes of 29
infectious 29
noninfectious 29
diagnosis 34
culture 36
direct examination 34
other tests 36
serological tests 36
disease 40, 41
Genodermatoses 114
Giant congenital melanocytic nevus 61
Giemsa stain 35
Glans penis 38
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 134
Glutathione 227
Glycolic acid gel 228
Gold 64
Gonococcal infection, disseminated 180
Gonococcal isolate surveillance project 180
Gonococcal urethritis 172, 179
cases of 176, 177
complications of 180
pathomechanism of 177
Gonococcus 158, 162
Gonorrhea 156, 158, 163, 164, 167f, 178
Granuloma
annulare 193
clinical variants of 194
histological patterns 194
classified histologically 185
faciale 99, 102
histopathological classification of 186t
inguinale 29, 33, 35
type of 186
Granulomatous
disorders 183, 194
differential diagnoses 185
periorificial dermatitis 192
rosacea 192
Green tea polyphenols 229
Grover's disease 128, 135
Grzybowski syndrome 100
Guillain-Barré syndrome 90
H
Hailey–Hailey disease 125, 127, 127f, 135
Hair
bonding and weaving 203
care procedures 200
cycle, normal 198
dust 203
dye dermatitis 215
etiology of 215
investigation to confirm 215
patient prevent 217
test for 216
follicle mesenchyme 99
loss, pattern 203
prosthesis-like wigs 203
spray 203
transplantation 203
HAIR-AN syndrome 203
Hair-pull test 202
Hamartomas 99
Hand foot mouth disease 110
Handicap 91
Head and neck tumors 90
Headache 5
Healing erosions 129f
pemphigus vulgaris 124f
Hemangioma 99
Hematologic disorder 14
Hematoxylin and eosin examination 134
Hemifacial microsomia 90
Hemochromatosis 46, 61, 62
Hemophilus species 176
Hemorrhagic
crusts 129f
fevers in childhood 77
Henoch–Schönlein purpura 73, 76
Heparin 200
Hepatolenticular degeneration 62
Hereditary motor 82
Herpes genitalis 38
Herpes simplex in older children 109
Herpes simplex virus 35, 111, 176
Herpes zoster 29, 110, 111f
left side of chest 127f
Histamine 4 receptor 208
Histamine test 85
Hodgkin's disease 55, 151
Homosalate 229
Homosexual males 38
Honeycomb pattern 86
Hori nevus 221
Hormonal therapy 203
Hormones, influence of 66
Human immunodeficiency virus 47, 199, 225
coinfection 38
infection 28, 32, 46, 151
Human leukocyte antigen 36
Hutchinson lupus 19
Hydantoin derivatives 152
Hydroquinone 228
Hydroxychloroquine 25, 26, 63
ocular monitoring for 26
Hydroxyzine 48, 55
Hyper IgE syndrome 117
Hypermelanotic disorders 219
Hyperpigmentary disorders, prevalence of 57
Hyperpigmentation secondary to drugs 222
Hyperpigmentation understand by 60
Hyperthyroidism 61, 65
Hypoalbuminemia, care of 154
Hypoesthetic patch 80
I
Idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation 222
Idiopathic erythroderma 152
Idiopathic facial granulomatous
disorders 193t
eruptions 192
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 77
Ileocecal ulceration 2
Imatinib 64
Imipramine 63
Immune electron microscopy 136
Immune mediated blistering diseases 116t
Immunoadsorption 144
Immunoelectron microscopy 134
Immunofluorescence test 36
direct 9, 127f, 134, 136
indirect 134, 136
Immunoglobulin A disease 107
Immunologic disorder 14
Immunological blistering disorders 115
Immunosuppressive adjuvants 144
Impetigo 125
Incontinentia pigmenti 114
hyperpigmented stage of 61
Increments 143
Indomethacin 229
Infections 61
Infectious
granulomatous dermatoses 185
mononucleosis 76
Infective disorders 108t
Inflammatory
blistering disorders 115
bowel disease 7, 199
demyelinating polyneuropathy 82
dermatoses 30, 31
diseases 45, 125
disorders 99
infiltrate, moderate degree of 184
Infliximab 11
Insect-bite hypersensitivity 113
Insulin 44
Intercellular edema 135
Interferon alpha 10
Interferon-gamma release assays 187
International Contact Dermatitis Research Group 216f
Intertriginous fissures 127f
Intracardiac thrombosis 5
Intracellular
diplococci, gram-negative 168f
edema, ballooning due to 135
gram-negative diplococci 176
Intraepidermal blisters 135
Intraepidermal neutrophilic 142
Intraneural synovial tumor 82
Intrauterine herpes 109
Intravaginal clotrimazole 167
Iron 64
deficiency anemia 46
Iron oxide 228
Irritant contact dermatitis 125, 128f
Isoniazid 16, 189
Isotretinoin 10
Itch
chronic 43
treat different causes of 48
Itching 43
Itraconazole 164
J
Jaundice 44
Joint pain 1, 8, 103
Joint symptoms 1
Juvenile dermatomyositis 75, 76
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis 76
systemic onset 75
K
Kala azar 61
Kaolin 228
Kaposi's sarcoma 100
Kawasaki disease 76
Kayser–Fleischer ring 62
Keratinization disorders 151
Keratoacanthoma 99
Kojic acid 228
L
Labia
inner aspect of 39
outer aspect of 39
Lacy white reticulate 33
Langerhans cell histiocytosis 116
Langhans giant cells 190f
Laugier–Hunziker syndrome 61, 63
Lead 64
Leg ulcers 13
Leiner's disease 151
Leishman stain 35
Leishmaniasis 29, 89, 98, 100
Lepromatous pole 86
Leprosy 82, 84
cardinal signs of 93
classical lesion of 89
clinical assessment of 93
diagnostic tests for 87
examined in 83, 84
facial lesions of 89
WHO, disability grading 94, 94t
Lesions heal 3
Leukemia 32
Leukemia cutis 61
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis 3, 7
Levofloxacin 164
Lichen planopilaris 209f
Lichen planus pigmentosus 58, 61, 66, 225, 230
associated disorders with 69
inversus 67
investigations required for 69
predisposing factors of 65
treatment of 69
variants of 66
Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus 30, 31
Linear IgA disease 140f
Lipoid proteinosis 117
Liquorice derivatives 228
Lithium 152
Livedo reticularis 13
Liver disease, chronic 208
Loratadine 48
Lupus erythematosus 23f, 24
nonspecific lesions 13
oral involvement in 23
profundus 20
specific skin disease 12
tumidus 21
clinical features 21
histopathologic findings 21
immunologic abnormalities 21
significance 21
treatment 21
Lupus hair loss 13
Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei 99, 192
Lupus pernio 191
Lupus vulgaris 102, 185
clinical variants of 187
complications of 187
Lyme disease 83, 90
Lymph node 47
examination 32
Lymphogranuloma venereum 29, 33, 3538
Lymphoma 32, 46, 61, 99
Lymphoproliferative disorders 199
Lymphoreticular malignancies 127
M
Macrolides 54
Macular amyloidosis 222
Maculopapular rash on face 73f
MAGIC syndrome 6, 9
Magnetic resonance imaging 86
Malabsorption syndrome 61, 62
Malaise 44
Malar rash 14
Malaria 61
Malassezia 212, 213
Malignancies 61
Malignant neoplasm 30
Mastocytosis 46
Maternal antibodies 115
Measles virus 78
Meatal stenosis 31
Medical disorders 199
Medical Research Council Scale 81
Melanin 59
chemical composition of 60
compounds 65t
types of 60
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone 60
Melasma 220f
causes of 226
common scoring systems in 230
epidermal type of 221
management of 227
measurement methods of 227
mechanism action of 227, 227t
pathogenesis of 226
therapies for treating 230
treatment of 227
types of 225
Meningococcal septicemia 73
Meningococcemia 75
Menthol 48
Mepacrine 63
Mequinol 228
Meradimate 229
Metals 63, 64
Metastatic melanomas 61
Methotrexate 11, 18, 25, 64, 144
Methyldopa 16
Metoclopramide 164
Metronidazole 54, 167, 169, 181
Miconazole 163, 169
Micro-immunofluorescence test 36
Microneedling 203
Micropigmentation 203
Milia 99
Miliaria rubra 113
Mimic sarcoidosis clinically 192
Minocycline 16
induced type 3 pigmentation 64
Minoxidil 203
Mirtazapine 49, 50, 53
Mitral valve prolapse 5
Mobiluncus species 160
Möbius syndrome 90
Molecular methods 88
Monilethrix 204
Mononeuritis multiplex 86
Morbilliform 45
Morphology, basis of 76
Motor
examination 83
integrity, testing 84
Moxifloxacin 181
Mucha-Habermann disease 125
Mucocutaneous disease 105
Mucocutaneous lesions, management of 9
Mucocutaneous, myriad of 1
Mucosal inflammation 5
Mueller-Hinton agar 36
Muir–Torre syndrome 100
Muscles, wasting of 91
Mycobacterium leprae 80
Mycophenolate mofetil 18, 25, 107, 144
Mycoplasma 158, 160162
Mycoplasma cervicitis 165
Mycoplasma species 172
Mycosis fungoides 61
Myelofibrosis 46
Myeloma 46
Myotonic dystrophica 90
N
Nalfurafine 49, 51
Naloxone 51, 49
Naltrexone 53, 55
National AIDS Control Organisation 158
Necrobiosis lipoidica 98
Necrobiotic granulomas
classification of 193
Lynch and Barrett, classification of 193t
Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma 98f
diagnosis of 98
Neisseria gonorrhoeae 172
Nelson syndrome 61, 62, 65
Neonatal
acne 113
and systemic lupus erythematosus 76
candidiasis 75
erythroderma 75
herpes simplex 75
lupus erythematosus 75, 115
pemphigus 115
pustular melanosis 112
varicella 75, 110
Nerve
biopsy 86
conduction study 85
damage
clinically 84
methods to examine 85
enlargement 86
examination of 83
function impairment 91
manage to patient 91
risk factors for 90
growth factor 208
infiltration 82
multiple 80
palpation of 84
single 80
thickness, grading of 84t
Neural leprosy 81, 86
pure 80
Neuritis
acute 86
chronic 86
recurrent 87
Neurofibroma 82
Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist 51
Neurological deficit, complications due to 90
Neurological disorder 14
Neurological manifestations 5
Neurolymphomatosis 82
Neuropathic disorders 83
clinical approach to 83
Neuropathic pain, chronic 87
Neuropathy, development of 80
Neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid 50
Neutrophilic
infiltrate 7
microabscess 138
vascular reaction 7
Neutrophils forming 138
Niacinamide 228
Niemann–Pick disease 63
Nonbullous ichthyosiform erythroderma 151
Nongonococcal
cervicitis 156, 160, 163, 164
urethritis 179
Nonmelanin compounds 65t
Nonparenchymal brain disease 6
Nonscarring alopecia 13
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 54, 225
Nontreponemal test 36, 40
Northern blot analysis 134
Norwegian scabies 151
Nose sign 152
Nuclear factor of activated T-cells 25
Nucleic acid amplification test 161, 162, 178
Nutritional causes 61
Nylon monofilament testing 85
O
Octinoxate 229
Octisalate 229
Ocular manifestations 4
Ofloxacin 164
Ophthalmological examination 34
Opioid agonists 51
Oral contraceptive pills 225
Oral corticosteroids, short course of 25
Oral lesions, management of 144
Oral mucosal 32
Oral ulcer 1, 2, 8, 14, 24f, 123f
lesions 1
recurrent painful 1
Organ failure, multiple 62
Organic sunscreens 229t
Orofacial granulomatosis 194
Oschner's clasp 85
Oxybenzone 229
Oxygenated hemoglobin 59
P
Paclitaxel 54
Paget's disease 30
Pain, chronic 43
Painless palatal erosion 23f
Panniculitis 20
Papules
black 100
blue 100
brown 100
on face, differentials for white-colored 102fc
purple 100
white 100
yellowish 100
Papulonodular lesions of face 96103
case of 102
causes of 98
dermoscopic findings of 100
surface of 100
syndromes associated with 100
Para-aminobenzoic acid 229
Paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome 142
Paraneoplastic pemphigus 142
Paraneoplastic pruritus 50, 54
treated 54
Parasite
disease 46
infestation 111
Parenchymal brain disease 6
Parotid cancer 90
Paroxetine 49, 53, 55
Parvovirus B19 78
Patch test 216
disadvantages of 216
results 216t
Pathergy test 6
Paucibacillary multidrug therapy 81
Pearls, string of 117
Pediatric bullous pemphigoid 117
Pediculosis, treatment of 211
Peli incarniti 99
Pellagra 61
Pemphigoid gestationis 115, 141
Pemphigus
classical types 138
clinical practice 138
different types of 138
foliaceus 115, 133f
group of disorders 145
herpetiformis 142
neonatorum 115
nonclassical types 142
Pemphigus vulgaris 115, 141
British Guidelines, 2017 143
flaccid bullae of 122f
treatment regimens for 143t
Pen test 85
Penis, shaft of 29
Per speculum examination 165
Perianal erythema 108
Periocular crusting 122f
Perioral dermatitis 99
Periorbital melanosis 222
Peripheral nerve 84
thickening 82
causes of 82
important conditions 82t
trunks 84
Peripheral nervous system 5
Peripheral neuropathy 50
Peripheral sensations 83
Periungual telangiectasia 13
Peutz–Jegher syndrome 61, 62
Pharynx and tonsils 2
Phenol 48
group 142
Phenothiazines like chlorpromazine 63
Phenylbutazone 152
Phenytoin 54
Pheochromocytoma 61
Phimosis 176
Photophobia, complained of 1
Photoprotection 25
Photosensitivity 14
Photosensitizer 66
Phthiriasis 29
Phytophotodermatitis 58, 61
Pimecrolimus 10, 25
Plaques on glabella 194f
Plasmapheresis, British guidelines only 144
Platelet-rich plasma therapy 203
Polycystic ovary syndrome 204
Polycythemia vera 46
Polymerase chain reaction 9, 35, 88, 111, 134, 188
Polymorphic light eruption 125, 128
Polypodium leucotomos 227
Porphyria cutanea tarda 65, 125, 129f, 136
Potassium hydroxide 210
mount 35
smear 134
Prednisolone 10, 81, 143, 144
Pregabalin 49, 55
Pregnancy, cholestasis of 46
Pregnant woman, examining of 166
Prevotella 162
Prevotella species 160
Procapi, topical 203
Propylthiouracil 16
Pruritic popular
eruption 55
lesions 34
Pruritus 43
causes of 45
evaluate case of 46
in human immunodeficiency virus infected 55
management 47
nonpharmacologic measures 47
pathogenesis 52
pathophysiology of 45
role of phototherapy in treatment of 51
systemic
causes of 46b
drugs for 48
topical therapy of 47
treated 47
Pseudo-bubo-groove sign 33
Pseudochancre redux 39
Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia 38
Pseudohyphae 35, 157f
Pseudomembrane 2
Pseudomonas 29
Pseudomonas species 108
Psoriasis 55, 152, 208
Psoriatic erythroderma, clinical clues to diagnose 152
Psudomonas infection 108
Psychogenic diseases 46
Psychogenic scalp pruritus, causes of 209
Psychosocial stress 57
Psychosomatic scalp 209
Pulmonary arterial aneurysms 5
Purpura fulminans 76
Purulent discharge 167f
Pyoderma gangrenosum 4, 6, 31
Pyoderma, secondary 112f
Pyrazinamide 189
Q
Q switch laser 69
Quality of life 43
Queyrat, erythroplasia of 30
Quinacrine 25, 26, 63
Quinine 63
Quinolones 54
R
Ramsay Hunt syndrome 90
Rapid plasma reagin 111
Rapid plasma reagin card test 40
Raynaud's phenomenon 13, 18, 34
Rebamipide 10
Rectal examination 34
Red veterinary petrolatum 228
Refsum's disease 82
Reiter's disease 30
Relationship to partner/s 32
Renal disorder 14
acute 52,
chronic 62, 208
Renal pruritus 52
clinical characteristics of 52
Resorcinol 48
Retinoids 18, 228
Rheumatic fever 76
Rheumatoid
nodules 13
vasculitis 193
Ridley-Jopling classification 93
Riehl's melanosis 58, 59, 61, 221, 222
Rifampicin 54, 142, 189
Rituximab 144
Rombo syndrome 100
Rubella virus 78
S
Sabouraud's dextrose agar 36
SAHA syndrome 204
Salazopyrine 11
Salicylates 229
Salmonella 29
Sarcoidal granulomas, histopathology 192
Sarcoidosis 99, 102
advise to patient 192
systemic
involvement in 191t
manifestations of 191
Scabies 29, 55, 112f
Scalp dermatitis, common causes of 215t
Scalp dysesthesias 209
Scalp hair grows in cycles 198
Scalp pruritus 207
causes of 208
complications of 210
etiologies of 208, 209
investigations in 210, 210t
pathogenesis of 208
treatment of 211
with diseased skin 210
Schwannoma 82
Sclerodactyly 13
Scleroderma 61, 63
Sclerodermoid changes 128
Sclerosing cholangitis 46
Sclerosis, systemic 46
Scrotal ulceration 3f
Sebaceoma 99
Sebaceous
adenoma 99
gland 99
hyperplasia 99, 101
Seborrheic
dermatitis 55, 208, 212f
eyebrows 213f
nasolabial folds 213f
pathogenesis of 212
rate increased in 213
treatment of 214
underlying conditions 213
keratosis 99, 101
sites, common 213
Sebum excretion 213
Secnidazole 164
Segmental necrotizing granulomatous neuritis 87
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 49, 50, 54
Selenium 229
Senile pruritus 53
management of 53
Sensory
integrity, testing 85
nerves, anesthesia of 48
neuropathy
onset of 82
types 1 and 3 82
Septicemia 75
Serodiagnostic test 87
Serositis 14
Sertraline 49, 50, 53, 55
Serum alanine transaminase 105
Serum sickness syndrome 76
Sex
hormones 16, 54
partners, treatment of 181
worker, commercial 28
Sexually transmitted disease 28, 156
ulcers 36
presentation of 38
features of 37
Sexually transmitted infection 31, 38, 41, 172
causes 176
infectious causes 29
management of 41
Sexually transmitted urethritis 172
Sézary syndrome 45
Silver 64
Silver nitrate 10
Sjögren syndrome 46
Skin
biopsy of intact blister 123f
colored nodules on face 101fc
diseases 43
failure, acute 153
lesions 43, 54
absence of 86
lightening agents 228
normal color 59
pathergy testing 6
Solid tumors 46
Spongiosis 135
Squamous cell carcinoma 30, 99
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome 75, 76, 125, 126
Staphylococcus 29
Starch iodine test 85
Steatocystoma 96, 97
Steven–Johnson syndrome 30, 33, 34, 41, 7577, 125, 176
Streptococcus 29, 108
Subcorneal pustular dermatosis 142
Subepidermal
blisters 135
bullae 134f
Sucralfate suspension 10
Sulfonamides 54
Sulfonylureas 54
Sulisobenzone 229
Sunscreens
classify 228
systemic 229
Sweat test 85
Sweet's syndrome 4, 7, 75
Syndromic management
advantages 41
disadvantages of 41
Syphilis 36
congenital 108
secondary 199
serological tests for 40
Syphilitic chancre, diagnosis of 29
Syringocystadenoma papilliferum 99
Syringoma 99
Systemic amyloidosis 199
Systemic disorders 1, 43
Systemic lupus erythematosus 9, 12, 24f, 25, 75, 76
classification of 14t
diagnostic criteria for 13
drugs implicated in 16t
pathogenesis of 15
Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics 15t
T
Tacrolimus 25
Tar melanosis 222
Telogen effluvium 13, 204
acute 196, 197, 200, 203
chronic 197, 200
Telogen gravidarum 199
Telogen hair follicle 197f
Telogen hair loss 203
acute 199
chronic 199
treatment for 203
Temporal bone fracture 90
Tense bulla left forearm 133
Tetanus 90
Tetracycline 10, 54
Thalidomide 10, 18, 50, 90
Thiopurine methyltransferase, level of activity 145
Thrombophlebitis, superficial 4
Thymol 48
Thyroid disorder 199
Thyrotoxicosis 62
Tinea capitis 211f
Tinidazole 164
Tioconazole 163, 169
Titanium dioxide 228
Tocopherols 229
Toluidine red unheated serum test 40
Topical steroids 25
Toxic 90
epidermal necrolysis 24f, 30, 33, 34, 75, 115, 126
shock syndrome 76
Toxins 64
Tranexamic acid 227
Transient
acantholytic dermatosis 125, 128
blistering disorders in children 112t
skin disorders, in briefly 111
Trauma, history of 81
Treponema pallidum 29, 39, 108
Treponemal test 36, 40
Triamcinolone acetonide 192
Triamcinolone mucosal cream 10
Trichilemmoma 96, 97, 99
Trichoadenoma 99
Trichodiscoma 99
Trichodynia 208
Trichoepithelioma 96, 99
Trichoepitheliomas: multiple, affecting face 97f
Trichofolliculoma 99
Trichokinesis 208
Trichomonas 160, 161
suspect 178
urethritis, treatment options for 180
vaginalis 158, 162, 165, 166f, 176, 181
Trichomoniasis 156, 158, 163, 164, 169
Trichoscopy normal 197f
Trichoscopy, role of 211
Triclosan 10
Tricyclic antidepressant 49, 50, 54
Trifluoperazine 63
Trolamine salicylate 229
Trophic ulcer 91
differential diagnoses of 91
Tropical sprue 62
Tuberculids 189
Tuberculin skin test, role of 187
Tuberculoid
granulomas 189
leprosy, borderline 89, 185, 191
pole 86
Tuberculosis 30, 61, 225
Tumors
benign 99
malignant 99
nerves 82
premalignant 99
sheath 82
skin appendages 99
Tzanck smear 35, 122, 123f, 134
U
Ulcers in oral mucosa 123f
Ulnar nerve 85
Ultrasonography 86
Ultraviolet 51
radiation 16, 61, 63, 65
rays protection 25
Universal acquired melanosis 61
Ureaplasma 158, 160
Ureaplasma urealyticum 176
Uremic pruritus 52
Urethral discharge 172, 181
case 172, 174, 175
causative organisms of 176
cause of 176, 176t, 178
clinical diagnosis of 179
examine patient 178
investigations 173, 174, 175, 178
nonsexually transmitted causes 178
treatment 173175
urethritis manifest without 176
Urethral instrumentation 176
Urethral stricture 176
Urethritis
criteria to diagnose 180
manifestations of 179
point-of-care tests for 176
recurrent 181
3-glass test used for 177
Urinary tract infection 176
Urine, reddish-black discoloration of 129f
Ursodeoxycholic acid 53
Urticaria 43, 208
Urticarial vasculitis 76
V
Vagabond disease 61, 62
Vaginal cervical smear 161
Vaginal discharge 156
abnormal 158
advice and precautions 165
alternative treatment regimens 164t
approach 162
case of 159
causing 156
characteristics of 160
complications of 165
etiology of 158, 158t
examination 156
in HIV-positive patient 169
in seropositive 168
investigations 156, 161t
point-of-care testing 159
pregnancy affect 166
symptoms of 159
syndromic management 158, 164t
treatment for 157t, 162, 163, 167t
Vaginitis 158, 164
Valve lesions 5
Varicella 78
in older children 110
starts 74
zoster virus 78, 111
Vascular involvement, management of 11
Venereal disease research laboratory 111, 165
Vesicles and bullae in children 114
Vesicopustular disorders in children, classify 107
Vesicular
dermatophytosis 125
tinea 126
Vesiculobullous
disease, diagnosis of 135
disorder 135b, 138
based on inflammatory infiltrate 136b
electron microscopy for 141t
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 141
immune electron microscopy for 141t
in middle age 121, 125b
lesions 121
differential diagnosis of 124
in children 115, 116
Vesiculopustular disorders
in children 104
infective causes of 107
Viral
disorders 109
exanthems of childhood 77, 78t
hemorrhagic fevers 78t
hepatitis 46
Vitamin
A deficiency 61
B12 deficiency 61, 62, 65
D deficiency 200
Vulvovaginal candidiasis 163, 158, 164
classified 159
organisms cause 159
W
Warfarin 200
Wegener's granulomatosis 8, 30, 193
Western blotting 134
Wet mount 161
Whiff test 161
Wilson's disease 62
Wright stain 106
Wrist and foot drop 91
X
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors 54
Xanthoma 99
Xerosis skin 45, 47, 55, 91
Xerotic eczema 53
X-linked dominant disease 114
Z
Zinc
oxide 228
sulfate 10
Zoon's balanitis 30, 31, 33
Zosteriform lichen planus pigmentosus 66
×
Chapter Notes

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fm1Case-based Reviews in Dermatologyfm2
fm3Case-based Reviews in Dermatology
Editor Rashmi Sarkar MD MNAMS Professor of Dermatology, STD and Leprosy Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Narayan Hospital New Delhi, India Co-Editors Anupam Das MD Assistant Professor Department of Dermatology KPC Medical College and Hospital Kolkata, West Bengal, India Isha Narang MD (MAMC) MRCP (SCE) Specialist Registrar (Dermatology) University Hospitals of Derby and Burton United Kingdom Indrashis Podder MD DNB RMO cum Clinical Tutor Department of Dermatology College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital Kolkata, West Bengal, India
fm4
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Medical knowledge and practice change constantly. This book is designed to provide accurate, authoritative information about the subject matter in question. However, readers are advised to check the most current information available on procedures included and check information from the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose, formula, method and duration of administration, adverse effects and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner to take all appropriate safety precautions. Neither the publisher nor the author(s)/editor(s) assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from or related to use of material in this book.
This book is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in providing professional medical services. If such advice or services are required, the services of a competent medical professional should be sought.
Every effort has been made where necessary to contact holders of copyright to obtain permission to reproduce copyright material. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. The CD/DVD-ROM (if any) provided in the sealed envelope with this book is complimentary and free of cost. Not meant for sale.
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Case-based Reviews in Dermatology/Rashmi Sarkar
First Edition: 2020
9789352707058
Printed at
fm5Dedicated to
My late mother, Mrs Chhobi Sarkar
(We need more of her kind to make this world a better place)
– Rashmi Sarkar
My parents, for their constant support and encouragement
– Anupam Das
To my brother, husband and our parents
– Isha Narang
All my teachers, family and the wonderful patients I have encountered
– Indrashis Podderfm6
fm7Contributors
EDITOR
CO-EDITORS
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS
fm11Preface
Dermatology is a discipline, which has become one of the most favorite options for residents, when it comes to choosing an area of specialization. It is an ever expanding field with introduction of newer entities, therapeutic regimens, newer drugs and many other interesting observations. The field is nowadays greatly flanked by the esthetic and cosmetic counterpart, which has made the specialty even more lucrative to the youngsters.
However, the importance of learning the basics of clinical dermatology cannot be overemphasized. It is the three years of postgraduation when the building blocks of clinical dermatology are laid down. Our book is a first of its kind attempt, on the methodology of approaching case scenarios in daily OPDs and admitted patients. It is nice to know numerous entities (common as well as uncommon) in isolation, but the actual challenge lies in utilizing the association fibers of our brains, correlating the clinical findings and the laboratory investigations and arriving at a diagnosis for further management.
We have focused on the common case scenarios and presentations and how to approach the same, both in exams and day-to-day practice. The chapters have been designed in a reader-friendly format and the authors have been hand-picked in terms of their teaching experience and their dedication toward the subject. Most of the senior authors who have contributed to this book, bring to the table their experience and therefore, their insights and thoughts on how to approach a case, which is immensely valuable. The younger authors have collaboratively added their thoughts as well. This book is surely going to be a ready reckoner and easy reference for everyone.
All four of us, introduced to the senior editor and getting to know each other at different stages of one's life have tried to bring together their enthusiasm for knowledge in this book and hope that it would be immensely valuable to the readers.
Rashmi Sarkar
Anupam Das
Isha Narang
Indrashis Podderfm12