A
Abortion
diagnosis of
inevitable 460t
incomplete 105
kinds of 462t
predict 464t
threatened 84
ultrasound diagnosis of 463t
Abruptio placenta, failure to diagnose 45
Accommodation facilities 76
Acoustic gel 2
Acoustic impedance, changes of 378
Adjunct to cervical cerclage 84
Adjunct to chorionic villus sampling 84
Adnexa 81
Adverse pregnancy 143
American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 43
American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 43
Amniocentesis 172f
Amniodecidual separation 90
Amniotic fluid 479t
amount of 306
and placenta, assessment of 68
cells 172f
evaluation 55
volume 479t
volume assessment 306
Amniotic index 479t
Amniotic sac, irregular 96f
Anencephalic fetus 187f
Anencephaly with toad sign 186f
Anomaly scanning 55
Anophthalmia 116f
Anorectal malformation 244f
Antenatal Diagnostic Center 63
Antenatal fetal monitoring 63
Antepartum fetal surveillance 480t
Antepartum obstetric ultrasound examination 43
Anterior fontanelle, 16 weeks 422
Aortic arch 232f
Artefacts 67
Arterial flow 235f
Atrial septal defect 236f
Atrioventricular valves 234f
Audible signal 37
Audible sound waves 1
Audio volume 34
B
Back sprain 364
Basic physics 1
Battery injury 43
Bedside examinations 370
Binocular distance 450
Biomechanical factors 361
Biophysical scoring systems 70
Bowel herniation 121
Brain-sparing process 304
Breathing movements 53
Bulging membrane covering vertebral lesion 216f
C
Calvarium, calcification of 121
Cardiac abnormalities 200f
Cardiac configuration 121
Cardiac rhabdomyoma 237f
Cardiac tumor 238f
Carpal tunnel syndrome 363
Central nervous system malformations 147
Cerebellar defects 147
Cerebral ventricles 68
Chest 64
Chirping sound 28
Chorioangioma 268f
Chorionic villous 170f
Chorionic villous sampling 169, 170f
Chromosomal disorders 130
Chronic renal disease 289
Cleft upper lip 210f
Clinical polyhydramnios, evaluation of 471t
Color flash 33
Color inversion 32
Color misregistration artifact 38
Common carotid artery, origin of 34
Comparative power output 41
Complete abortion, diagnosis of 461t
Compression elastography 19
Computer equipment 370
Computer processor technology, development of 152
Conception, retained products of 159
Congenital anomalies 164
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia 227f
Continuous wave Doppler 24
Crown-rump lengths 474t
Cubital tunnel syndrome 363
Current equipment, ergonomic adaptations of 369
Cursor movement control 34
Cutaneous thickness 448
Cyanotic heart disease 289
Cystic area, detection of 416
Cystic sacrococcygeal teratoma 219f
D
Damping material 8
De Quervain disease 364
Deformed cranium 184f
Dense hyperechoic foci 246f
Deoxyribonucleic acid 139
Department of Labor 361
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology 63
Diabetes mellitus, maternal 289
Diagnose ovarian torsion 45
Diaphragm 65
Diastolic flow increases 309
Distended stomach 241f
District Advisory Committee 335
Doppler equation, components of 23f
Doppler in obstetrics, indications for 478t
Doppler indices, explanation of 311
Doppler pencil probes 24
Doppler signal 33
Doppler ultrasound 308
Doppler waveform analysis 313
Double bubble sign 241f
Duodenal bulb 242f
Duodenum 243f
Duties of Registered Center 337
Dysplastic kidney 256f
E
Ear, external 208f
Early amniocentesis 171
Early fetal echocardiography 163
Early gestation sac, diagnosing 156
discriminatory levels for 463t
failed 463t
impending 95
investigation of 68
loss, classification of 96
Echocardiography transducer 14f
Echogenic bowel 244f
Echogenic choroid plexii 112f
Ectopic and corpus luteum 158
Ectopic gestation 97
Edward's syndrome 131
Elastography 19
Electrical pulse strikes crystal 3f
Electronic cable 8
Electronically steered systems 9
Electrophysiology applications 15
Embryonic bradycardia 116
Embryonic cardiac activity 87
Embryonic pole 121
Emergency studies 45
End diastolic velocity, absent 328
End-diastolic frequencies, loss of 300
Endocavity ultrasound systems 13
Endometrial thickness 52
Equipment care and quality control 39
Ergonomic equipment 367
Ergonomic principles 367
Evidence, collection of 343
F
Face 179
Facial anatomy 203f
False positive rate 146
Faulty work organization 361
Fetal abdominal viscera 300
Fetal acrania 184f
Fetal adrenal glands 254f
Fetal age estimation 476t
Fetal aneuploidies, diagnosis of 139
Fetal behavior 66
Fetal biophysical profiling 51
Fetal brain sparing 321f
Fetal breathing 290
Fetal cerebral circulation 310
Fetal cytomegalovirus infection 473t
Fetal ductus venosus 160
Fetal echocardiography 61
Fetal face 187f
Fetal facial angle 134
Fetal feet 259f
Fetal head, retroflexion deformity of 190f
Fetal hypoxemia, stage of 310
Fetal hypoxia 321f
Fetal kidney 114f
Fetal lens 205f
Fetal macrosomia 144
Fetal nasal bone 134
Fetal node 118f
Fetal nuchal translucency 140
Fetal orbits and face 181
Fetal reactivity 290
Fetal scan, detailed 476t
Fetal surveillance 289
Fetal tone 290
Fetal urinary bladder 115f
Fetal venous Doppler 310
Fetal weight, estimated 308
Fetal wellbeing 289
abdomen 150
cervicometry 167
color Doppler in 155
decision-making in 130
detection 142
embryonic, normal 84
invasive procedures in 169
non-chromosomal abnormalities 144
normal parameter evaluation in 92
scan checklist 128
screening for preeclampsia in 175
transvaginal abnormal 61
ultrasound
indications for 474t
of chromosomal anomalies in 130
Flaccid gestational sac 118f
Floating brain 184f
Flow direction 25
Flow distortion 28
Flow velocity 25
Fluid-filled organ 2
Follicular development, monitoring of 71
Fossa and cerebellum, posterior 68
Frequency compounding 19
Fundamental frequency 17
G
Gallbladder 4
Gastrointestinal tract 110
Genetic amniocentesis 171
Genetic counseling center 332
Genetic laboratory 332
Genitourinary 110
Gestational diabetes 144
live ectopic with 98f
seven weeks 95f
thin-walled irregular 95f
transvaginal scan of 93f
two 86f
wall of 91f
Gynecological complications 70
H
Hanafy lens technology 11
Hand-eye coordinations 55
Harmonic frequencies 18
Harmonic imaging 17
Harmonic signals 18
Head perimeter 450
Hematological disorders 133
Hepatic calcification, multiple foci of 250f
Hepatofugal 25
Hepatopetal 25
Herniated sac 150
High-pitched systolic component 23
Holoprosencephaly 147
Homogeneous fetal lung 221f
Human chorionic gonadotropin 138
Hyaloid artery 433
Hydranencephaly 147
Hydrocephalus 46
Hydronephrosis, missing 44
Hydrops fetalis 472t
Hydrosalpinx 58
Hypochondrium 278
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 46
Hypotelorism, severe 127
Hypoxia 318
I
Iliac fossae, cranium in 278
Illegal advertisement 343
Immunological disorders 289
In vitro fertilization 333
Inadequate trophoblastic invasion 157
Incomplete abortion, diagnosis of 460t
Injury management 361
Instrumentation 7
Internet revolution 374
Interocular distance 450
Interval sac growth poor 116
Interventional ultrasound 49
Intra-abdominal organ 305
Intra-amniotic blood 244f
Intracardiac transducers 14
Intraesophageal cardiac probe 15f
Intraluminal transducers 14
Intrauterine death, diagnosis of 467t
Intrauterine gestation sac, normal 156
Intrauterine growth retardation 289
Intrauterine venous flow 104
Ipsilateral corpus luteum, visualization of 159
K
calipers 22
depth gain compensation 20
dynamic contrast 20
dynamic range 20
edge enhancement 20
frequency selection 20
gain 20
log compression 20
maps 21
persistence 21
postprocessing 21
preprocessing 20
speckle reduction imaging 21
transducer selection 21
write zoom 21
zoom 21
Kyphoscoliosis 150
L
Laminar flow 28
Large bowel loops 245f
Lateral occipital meningocele 188f
Laws of ultrasound, medicolegal aspects 50
Lead zirconate titanate 7
Legally hazardous situations 45
Lemon sign 218f
Lethal skeletal dysplasias 145
Lips 206f
lntraoperative transducers 13f
Lobar holoprosencephaly 192f
Locate corpus luteum 102
Low vs high resistance flow 26
Lower limb 111f
Lower segment scar, thinned 286f
Low-pitched diastolic component 23
Lumbosacral region 64
Lung, right 225f
M
Malfunction 42
Manning's biophysical profile 291
Matching layers 8
Maternal age 136
Maternal bloodstream 140f
Maternal infections, fetal abnormalities in 459
Matrix array transducers 11
Measurement methodology 449
Mechanical sector 13
Mechanical transducers 8
Meconium pseudocyst 246f
Medical ultrasound, basic principles of 66
Medullary veins slice cine mode, 29 weeks 440
Megacystis 145
Metabolic disorders 133
Methodology 50
Methotrexate 45
Mid trimester amniocentesis trial 171
Middle cerebral artery, normal 314f
Miscarried last time 128
Missed abortion, diagnosis of 461t
Mobile genetic clinic 332
Mobile medical unit 331
Modem ultrasound systems 42
Modern technology 376
Molar change 106
Molecular genetical technology 442
Multiembryonic reduction 173
Multifetal pregnancy reduction 173
Multiple gestation, suspected 84
Multiple transducer elements 10
Muscle physiology 364
Musculoskeletal system 110
N
Nasal abnormalities 270f
Neighboring soft-tissue 2
Non-chromosomal abnormalities 143
Non-chromosomal anomalies, detection of 141
Noninvasive direct-viewing all-inclusive technology 443
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis and testing 139
Non-stress test 290f
Nonviable gestational sac 108f
Nuchal edema 133
Nuchal thickness, measurement of 475t
O
Obstetric complication, greatest 167
Obstetric imaging 374
Obstetrics gynecology ultrasonography 60
Obstruction, severe 29
Occipital encephalocele, large 189f
Ocular diameter 450
Offences and penalties 335
Oocyte retrieval 71
Operative probes 16f
Orbit deformity, single 116f
Orbital measurements 450
Osseous deformity 214f
P
Panchnamah 345
Patau's syndrome 131
Pelviureteric junction obstruction 256f
Penile arterial flow 30
Pericardial effusion 239f
Pericardial fluid 448
Periendometrial venous flow 106
Perilesional fluid collection 98f
Perinatal complications, incidence of 309
Peristalsis, active 38
Peritoneal fluid 52
Peritrophoblastic arterial flow 106
Peritrophoblastic vascularity 100f
Persistent corpus luteum 275f
Physiological herniation 113f
Picture-archiving and communication system 370
Placental evaluation 55
Placental growth 307
Placental impedance, increased 320
Placental mass 306
Planar mode 153
Planoconcave fashion 11
Plastic freezer bags 40
Polycystic kidney disease, infantile 258f
Polyethylene catheter 170
Ponderal index 303
Posterior wall subserous fibroid 101f
Postsacral mass 219f
Potential cerebral damage, risk of 327
Pouch of Douglas 99f
Power Doppler 33
Preconceptional Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques Act 331
Pregnancy
complications stillbirths 144
confirmation of 84
failure, incidence of 157
high risk 63
induced hypertension 316f
losses, risk of 172
progresses 309
stage of 317f
vaginal bleeding in 84
weeks of 476t
Pregnant women, blood of 139
Premature babies 433
Prenatal diagnosis, first modality of 443
Prenatal diagnostic techniques 347
Prenatal test 169
Preventive maintenance 39
Pseudoascites 239f
Pseudohydronephrosis 44
Pulmonary malformations 133
R
Rail track appearance 271f
Region of interest 31
Registration, suspension of 336
Regulation and Prevention of Misuse Act 347
Regulation of Portable Machines 333
Regulation of Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques 331
Renal malformations 148
Renal parenchyma, normal 257f
Renewal of certificate of registration, application for 334
Renewal of registration 334
Reporting 80
Residual placental tissue 159f
Reverse end diastolic velocity 328
Rhabdomyoma 238f
Right atrium 233f
Right ventricular outflow tract 231f
S
Sacral meningocele 216f
Sacrococcygeal mass 220f
Sealing 342
Search and witnesses 340
Second trimester
3D and 4D scan 276
abnormal 276
color Doppler in 276
dilemmas 276
extra-fetal evaluation 265
fetal abdomen 228
fetal biometry 265
fetal evaluation 179
fetal heart 228
fetal skeleton 258
fetal spine 211
fetal thorax 219
indications 179
malformations 179
ultrasound, indications for 475t
Semilobar holoprosencephaly 192f
Semilunar valves 235f
Seminar presentations, check-list for evaluation of 74
Septum pellucidum 192f
Shear-wave elastography 19
Signature vessel 318
Skeletal system diseases, investigation of 427
Soft plaque 31
Software errors 42
Sole of foot 264f
Sonoembryology chart 109
Sonography, reducing injury risk in 361
Sound wave propagation 1
Special transducers 13
Speckle reduction imaging 19
Specular reflectors 3
Spinal degeneration 364
Spiral arteries 157
Subchorionic hematoma 80
Subcutaneous thickness 65
T
Tardus et parvus 29
Tendonitis 363
Tenosynovitis 363
Termination of pregnancy 166
Thanatophoric dysplasia 262f
Theoretical course 55
Third trimester 277
abnormal 301
biophysical profile 289
color Doppler 292
dilemmas 302
extra-fetal evaluation 279
fetal evaluation 278
fetal growth 287
indication 278
for color Doppler 292
obstetric study in 46
placental checklist 285
serial evaluation 291
ultrasound examination, indications for 477t
Thoracic outlet syndrome 364
Thoracic region 64
Thoraco-omphalopagus conjoined twins 154
Thorax 179
Three dimensional sonoembryology 152
Tortuous ureter 243f
Total intrauterine volume 306
Trained ultrasonologist 52
Transcerebellar diameter 69
care 40
case 8
construction 8f
crystal 7
elements, types of 8
focal zone 6
formats 15
frequency 6
variety of 12f
Transesophageal echocardiography transducer 12f
Transesophageal transducers 14
Transluminal transducers 14
Transmitted frequency 17
Transmitted pulsation 38
Transvaginal decision flowchart 129
Transvaginal sonography 53
Transvaginal transducer 12f
Transverse cerebellar diameter 305
Traversing uterine cavity 270f
Trigger finger 364
Triphasic inferior vena cava, normal 299f
Triploidy 131
Trophoblastic reaction 89
Tubes 71
U
Ultrasonic scanning, suggested scheme for 64
Ultrasonography, basics in 1
Undue color gain 38
Unhealthy pregnancy, diagnosis of 117f
Upper limb 111f
Urethra, proximal 257f
Urinary tract, obstruction of 255f
Urine test negative 128
Uteroplacental blood flow, evaluation of 70
Uteroplacental circulation, development of 315
V
Velamentous cord insertion, 12 weeks 412
Velocity scale 32
Ventricular atrium 447
Ventricular end-diastolic pressure 310
Ventricular septal defect, large 236f