A
Abscess 156
Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborns 509
Acesulfame-K 427
Acetaminophen 253
Achondrogenesis 89
Aciduria, glutaric 384
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 79
Acromelic dysplasias 90
Acromesomelic dysplasias 90
Acroosteolysis 358f
Acro-renal-mandibular syndrome 89
Adenomatosis polyposis, familial 206
Adenylate cyclase 295
Adiponectin 252
Adipose tissue 3
Adnexal tubo-ovarian mass 160f
Adrenal androgen production, onset of 111
Adrenal dysfunction 519
Adrenal failure 237
Adrenal hormone deficiency 236
Adrenal hyperplasia
congenital 21, 29, 120–122, 148, 150, 183, 212, 219, 222, 226–228, 230, 230t, 233, 235, 254, 256, 258, 267, 271f, 313, 320, 321, 561, 562, 590, 594, 594f, 606
macronodular 243
Adrenal lesions 588
Adrenal mass 590
Adrenal medulla 216
Adrenal neoplasm-neuroblastoma 595f
Adrenalectomy, bilateral 247
Adrenalitis, autoimmune 234
Adrenocortical carcinoma, management of 248t
Adrenocortical tumor, aldosterone producing 255
Adrenocorticotrophs secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone 68
Adrenocorticotropic hormone 5, 9, 12, 72, 107, 148, 212, 213f, 218, 220, 222, 233, 234, 238, 242, 255, 275, 279, 280, 393, 395, 482, 520, 528, 540–542, 548, 551, 557, 606
defect 308
Adrenocorticotropin 270
Adrenogonadal primordium 211
Adult onset autoimmune polyglandular syndromes 379
Agarwal growth charts 39
Alanine aminotransferase 394
Alazami syndrome 88
Albumin 8
Alcohol 146
Alpha fetoprotein 534
American Academy of Pediatrics 486
American Joint Committee on Cancer 207
American Thyroid Association Guidelines 208
Amine hormones 7
Amino arginine vasopressin 558
Aminophylline 181
Amiodarone 190
Ammonium ion 300
Amphotericin B 296
Anastrozole 128
Androstenedione 530
Anomalies, congenital 154
Anorexia nervosa 369
Anovulatory periods 166
Antiestrogens 128
Antigen presenting cells 377
Antioxidants 426
Antipyretics 30
Aortic dilatation 139
Aortic valve, bicuspid 143
Appendicitis 152
Arginine test 64
Arm span 37
Aromatase excess syndrome 146
Arrythmia 123
Arthralgia 236
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein 243
Aspartame 427
Aspartate aminotransferase 394
Asperger syndrome 401
Asthenia 30
Ataxia 83
Atresia choanae 131
Atrial septal defect 400
Autocrine fashion 3
Autoimmunity 546
Autonomic nervous system 216
neurogenic diabetes insipidus 287
B
Bacterial infection 190
Bardet-Beidl syndrome 21
Bartholin cysts 156
Basal bolus regimen, combinations of 417t
Bayley-Pinneau tables 580
Berardinelli-Seip syndrome 463
Beta-cell
function 454
genetic defects of 459
glucose sensor 12
insulin secretion 3
monogenic diabetes, subtypes of 464fc
nucleus 401
pancreatic 462
Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin 161
Beta-hydroxylase deficiency 232
Beta-lymphocyte kinase 460
Betamethasone 605
Beta-oxidation cycle 393
Bicornuate uterus 461
Bile acid sequestrants 475
Biliary tract 402
Biphasic human insulins 416
Birth asphyxia 340
Bisphosphonate 606
Bizarre neurological signs 393
Blastoma, pituitary 243
Bleeding disorders 163
Bloating 152
Blomstrand chondrodysplasia 351
Blood
count, complete 163
gas 386
capillary 406
control 456
homeostasis 383
self-monitoring of 419
glycemic levels 426
categories 252t
diastolic 483
elevated 251
high 318
hormonal regulation of 251
measurement of 251
normal 318
systolic 483
sampling, fetal 174f
spot, dried 184
sugar 310
transfusions 517
recurrent 60
Bloom syndrome 77
Blount's disease 484
Blueberry muffin 531
Blurred vision 393
Bone
estimation, Tanner-Whitehouse method of 573
importance of 571
on growth chart, interpretation of 577f-579f
anatomic parts of 86f
deformities 370f
densitometry using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 332
scanning 370
evaluation of 333
radiological evaluation of 334
fracture 30
metabolism 519
mineral apparent density 335
Bony deformity 122
Bow legs 361
Bowel syndrome, irritable 152
Brachial cleft cyst 198
Brachmann-de Lange syndrome 88
Brachydactylies 92
Bradycardia 29
damage, diffuse 293
development 216
evaluate rest of 584
injury
hypoxic-ischemic 588
traumatic 132
tumors 206
C
Caffeine 181
Calciferol 606
Calcitonin 350
active transport of 338
balance
regulation of 350fc
cascade disorders 355
concentration 327
prevention of 331t
rickets 362t
fractional excretion of 356
gluconate 322
physiology of 327
abnormalities 356
defect 317
disorders of 355
loss 342
Calorie diet, high 420
Cancers, childhood 198
Candidiasis, mucocutaneous 378
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging 143
Carney's Stratakis syndrome 252
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency 384
Carnitine transport 393
Cataracts 447
Catch-up growth 113
Catecholamines 216
Celiac screen 143
Chickenpox 131
Chimeric gene formation 213
Chocolate cysts 159
Cholecystokinin 480
Chondroectodermal dysplasia 89
Chromaffin cells 216
Chromatography 543
Chvostek sign 353
Cimetidine 146
Cinacalcet 606
Clitoris, cutting of 156
Clonidine test 64
Coeliac disease 369
Collecting system malformations 139
Coloboma 131
Comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention 487
Conn's syndrome 254
Cord blood 182
Corpus callosum, agenesis of 405
Costochondral junction, swelling of 361f
Cosyntropin 238
Cowden's disease 206
Coxsackie viruses 131
Cranial vault 85
Cranium 96
C-reactive protein 386
Creatine phosphokinase 394
Crouzon syndrome 89
Cushing's syndrome 30, 31, 57, 63, 148, 149, 213, 219–221, 236, 242, 243, 245fc, 248, 255, 257, 258, 369, 413, 482, 530, 564
childhood 243t
classification of endogenous 242t
clinical features of 244f
exogenous 243
Cyclamates 427
Cystathionine β-synthase gene 105
Cytokine receptors 10
Cytosine-guanine-guanine 107
D
Deflazacort 605
Dehydration 228
Dehydrocholesterol 224
disorders of 582
evaluation of 132
gonadotropin for 19
laboratory evaluation of 133b
management of 141
Demeclocycline 296
Dendrons 111
Dent's disease 366
Dentin matrix protein 365
Depression, rate of 484
Dermatitis 405
Dermatological disorders 154
Dermatomyositis 369
Deslorelin 604
Desmopressin 291
Detemir 416
Diabetes Control and Complications Trial 455
Diabetes
confirmation of 454
diagnosis of 412
diagnostic features of 464t
genetic causes of 463
insipidus 235, 276, 281, 283, 288, 289, 291–293, 296, 312–314, 460, 462, 540, 558, 559, 582, 584, 586f
acquired central 287
causes of 584
mellitus 21, 31, 60, 291, 296, 340, 369, 392, 393, 397, 399, 433, 436, 446, 447f, 455, 460, 462, 485, 507, 517, 519, 520
diagnosis of 455t
nonsyndromic permanent neonatal 400
pediatric 453
prevention of 411t
syndromic permanent neonatal 401
treatment of 456
monogenic forms of 459
pregestational 383
prevention trial 411
specific types of 413
types of 419t
Diabetic food products 426
cerebral edema in 438
complication in 437
diagnosis of 433
fluid management 434
moderate-to-severe 433
mortality in 437
pathophysiology 433
prevention of 438
risk factors 433
severity of 434t
sodium in 434
Diabetic retinopathy, proliferative 449
Diamond Blackfan anemia 77
Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane 113
Dideoxynucleotides 24
Dihydroepiandrosterone sulfate 216
Disease-specific growth charts 86
Dizziness 83
Docosahexaenoic acid 411
Dry skin 182
Dubowitz syndrome 88
Duchenne muscular dystrophy 369
Dumping syndrome 393
Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome 98
Dynorphin 112
Dyschezia 152
Dyselectrolytemia 433
Dysgenesis, epiphyseal 192
Dysgerminoma 236
Dysmorphism 351
Dysostosis, cleidocranial 97f
Dyspepsia 152
Dysuria 152
E
Echocardiography, transthoracic 143
Ectodermal dystrophy 378f
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase 365
Ectrodactyly 92
Edema, periorbital 182
Efavirenz 146
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 369
Electrocardiogram 143
Embedded penis 484f
Empty sella 586
Encephalopathy, mitochondrial 351
Enchondromas 99
abnormalities 521
laboratory assessment of 539
disrupting chemicals 113
role of 113
embryology 5
development of 5
hypertension 251
etiology of 252
organ 3
concept of 3
programing, fetal 14
regulation fetal growth 51
system 4
tests 539
tumors 527
classification of 528t
Endosulfan 113
Endothelin 252
Enzyme
activity 228
catechol-O-methyltransferase 216
deficiency 232
inducers 12
results, deficiency of 226
Eosinophilia 217
Epinephrine 4
Epithelial sodium channel 254
Epstein-Barr virus 190
Erlenmeyer flask deformity 99
Eugonadotropic eugonadism 131
Euthyroid sick syndrome 190
Euvolemia 282
Exocrine pancreas, monogenic diseases of 461
Exogenous steroid administration, high dose 561
External genitalia
development of 265f
structural development of 263
symmetrical 271f
transition of 270f
Extracellular hormone binding domain 68
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy 342
Extrapancreatic anomalies 405
Extrarenal loss 313
Eyelashes, black artifact of 472fc
Ezetimibe 449
F
Face 96
Facial dysmorphism 63
Fanconi anemia 77
Fanconi syndrome 303
Fasciculata 211
Fertility preservation 142
Fetal
glucose metabolism, regulation of 14f
hypothalamus-gonadotropic axis, development of 266
movements, reduced 94
parathyroid, independent 15
Fetomaternal-placental endocrine unit 15f
Fever 205
Fibrates 476
Fibric acid derivatives 475
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva 101
Fibrous dysplasia lesions, radiology of 366f
Figure-of-8 pattern 154
Finasteride 150
Flash glucose monitoring system 420fc
Flat bones 85
Fludrocortisone 230
Fluid
administration 293
calculation 314
choice of 314
conserving arginine vasopressin 4
gastrointestinal loss of 275
intake 276
regulation of 276
replacement 293
retention 83
status 310
Fluoro-18-l-dihydroxyphenylalanine 388
Food timing, regularity of 420
Foot, deformity of 105
Forkhead transcription factor 266
Fragile X syndrome 107
Free testosterone 8
Fructosemia 384
Fumarate hydratase 253
Fundus, abnormal 122
G
Gamma aminobutyric acid 113
Ganglia, sympathetic 216
Ganglioneuroblastoma 596
Ganglioneuromas 596
Gastric mucosal neuroendocrine cells 51
Gastrointestinal disorder 442
Gastrointestinal tract 405
Gemfibrozil 476
Genetic
abnormalities 243t
counseling 408
diagnostic tool 86
heterogeneity 99
investigations 65
potential 60
skeletal disorders, classification of 90t
abnormal 154
acquired atypical 156
asymmetric 271f
differential diagnosis of atypical 156t
symmetric 271f
Genitography 270
Gigantism, pituitary 106-108
Glargine 416
Glaucoma 405
Glibenclamide 461
Gliclazide 461
Gliflozins 461
Glimepride 461
Glioma 287
action of 215f
deficiency 53
endocrine interaction of 214
excess states 252
induced osteoporosis 372
insufficiency 233
remediable
hyperaldosteronism 255
remedial hypertension 227
perioperative 249
postoperative 249
resistance, primary 257
role of 214
stimulate transcription 214
supplementation 282
Glucogenolysis 433
6-phosphatase deficiency 384
deficiency of 4f
homeostasis 391
intolerance and diabetes 83
level monitoring 386
stimulates insulin 412
tolerance 507
Glucotoxicity 454
Glutamate dehydrogenase hyperinsulinism 393
Gluten-free diet 422
Glycemic index, effect of 430
Glycogen synthase deficiency 384
Glycogenolysis 16
Glycoproteins 121
acquired 195
endemic 196
euthyroid 195
fetal 198
hyperthyroid 196
idiopathic simple 195
indicates 194
types of 195
Gonadorelin 125
Gonadotrophs, pituitary 111
Gonadotropin
dependent 105
precocious puberty 122
high stimulated 125
independent 105
agonist 133
analog depot injections 127t
analog therapy 127t
long acting 167
neurons of hypothalamus 111
partial deficiency of 132
pulse generator 111
Graves’ ophthalmopathy 217
Greulich-Pyle atlas 572
Growth
childhood 35
classification of 56t
management of 141
hormone 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 16, 18, 19, 52, 53, 55, 63, 66, 68, 69, 72, 73, 76, 79, 104, 107, 113, 386, 393, 394, 412, 433, 447, 486, 487, 511, 528, 540–542, 557, 571, 605, 606t
administration of 79
dosing of 79
growth factor 511
overactivity 149
physiology of 56
provocative tests 555t
resistance 57
response prediction models 83
safety profile of 83
secretagogue 52
secretion, regulation of 52f
infantile 35
linear 115
phases of 35
plate
epiphyseal fusion of 55
prenatal 51
promoting therapy 231
pubertal 36
rate 55
restriction, fetal 181
Guanine nucleotide binding protein 243
H
Hair 96
Hallermann-Streiff syndrome 88
Hamartoma 588
Harrison sulcus 361f
Head trauma 588
Hematocolpos 161
Hematoma 156
Hematuria 30
Hemidysplasia, congenital 92
Hemiuterus, obstructive 167
Hemivagina, obstructive 167
Hemochromatosis 351
Hemodynamic stimuli 282
Hemolysis 306
Hemolytic anemia, autoimmune 405
Hepatic failure 393
Hepatoblastoma 123
Hepatoma 123
Hepatomegaly glycogen deposits 405
Heterophile antibody, effects of 546f
Hirsutism 485
Histrelin 604
Homocystinuria 105-107
Homovanillic acid 532
Hook effect 546f
Hormonal metabolism 12
Hormonal regulation 12
action 9
mediated 5
adrenocortical 213
adrenomedullary 242
antagonism of 4
change over life span 13
classes of 7t
counter-regulatory 384
demonstrate pleiotropy 4
disorders managed 19
interact 4
physiology 3
complexities of 3
placental 15
receptor 12t
binding 11
types of 9f
regulating insulin-like growth factor-1 secretion 69b
release 8
response element 11
role of 3
sensing 12
status assessed 18
structure 7
synthesis 6
systems 17
therapies 132
transport 8
Human breast milk 216
Human genome project 21
Hungry bones syndrome 345
Huntington disease 23
Hydration status 311
Hydrocephalus 588
Hydronephrosis 462
Hydrophilic peptide hormones 8
Hymenectomy 161
clinical features of 357
differential diagnosis of 343t
familial
benign 355
idiopathic infantile 357
manifestations of 342
work-up of 356fc
Hypercalcemic parathyroid hormone, predominant role of 4
Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, confirmation of 301
Hyperfunction, autonomous 202
Hypernatremic dehydration, management of 315t
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state 454
Hyperostosis, cortical 99
Hyperphagia, severe 481
Hyperphosphatemia 343
Hyperpigmentation 156
benign intracranial 83
development of 16
drug induced 252
endocrine causes of 252t
pediatric 483
systemic 139
Hyperthecosis 149
Hypertrophied cartilage, zone of 85
Hypertrophy, vulvar 156
Hyperuricemia 461
Hypervitaminosis D 343
Hypocortisolemia 218
Hypoglycemia 14, 236, 383, 383t, 386, 391–394, 394t, 395fc, 421, 422, 437, 441–443, 509, 565, 566, 566fc
causes of 393t
chronic 393
clinical
manifestations of 393t
presentation 442
complications 443
diagnostic evaluation of 386t
episode of 443
high risk of 406
hyperinsulinemic 509
hypoinsulinemic 384
impaired 443
awareness of 443
management of 442
mild-to-moderate 421
neurological sequel 443
nonpancreatic tumor 393
persistent neonatal 384
postexercise 421
postprandial 426
psychological impact of 443
reactive 393
recurrent 393
test, insulin induced 219
unawareness 443
Hypoglycemic episode 441
acute 277
adrenal cause of 311t
causes of 310t
chronic 277
etiology of 309fc
presence of 283
treatment of 284
acquired 351
causes of 351t
clinical features of 353
congenital 351
familial isolated 351
maternal 345
nonsyndromic isolated 350
prevalence of 349
transient neonatal 350
Hypoproteinemia 308
Hypotension 236
Hypothalamic
disease 30
disorder 30
glioma 588
obesity, acquired 482
pituitary
adrenal function 240
cross talk 5f
damage 19f
dysfunction 190
hypothyroidism 181
lesions 57
malformations 584
ovarian axis 162
Hypothalamus 133
fetal 171
magnetic resonance imaging of 132
paraventricular nucleus of 277f
receives signals 51
secretes thyrotropin-releasing hormone 175
ventromedial 480
acquired primary 189
adolescents acquired 189
biochemical 200
phenotype of 122
primary 176
secondary 189
Hypothyroxinemia, transient isolated 185
Hypovolemia 278f-280f
I
Ichthyosiform eythroderma 92
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 163
Ifosfamide 296
Immune system 202
In vitro fertilization 229
growth monitoring guidelines 40
Infancy, early 112
action 412
analogs 417
autoimmunity 393
binding of 11f
biosynthesis 412
conventional 416
correction factor 420
dextrose drip 322
dosage 428
pattern 421
drawing 417
gene 412
growth factor binding protein 6
injection
complications of 418
inspection of 422
sites 418
technique 417
axis 511
primary 74
receptor 69
resistance 74
like peptide 264
molecule 447
precursors of 412
premeal dosage of 428
preparations, different 417t
receptor 11f
gene 462
regimens 417
release, process of 8f
homeostatic model assessment of 565
states 148
secretory defects 148
sensitivity 116
sign of 454
signalling defects, primary 462
synthesis, process of 7f
transport and storage 418
types of 416
Insulinoma 393
Insulinopenia 454
International Diabetes Federation 483
International Pediatric Adrenocortical Tumor Registry 531
International Society for Clinical Densitometry 334
Intestinal loss 315
Intracavernous corticotroph adenoma, right 246f
Intracytosolic adenosine triphosphate 389f
Iodotyrosine deiodinase defect 180
Irish traveller syndrome 234
Iron absorption, gastrointestinal 517
Islet cell antibodies 415
Isonicotinylhydrazide 254
Itchy dermatitis, chronic 154
Itchy skin, dry 236
J
Jamaican vomiting sickness 393
Janus kinase 10
Japanese Diagnostic Criteria 473
Johanson-Blizzard syndrome 88
K
Kenny-Caffey syndrome 351
Ketoacidosis 519
Khadilkar growth charts 39
Kinase inhibitor, cyclin-dependent 243
Knee pain 485
Knocked knee 361
Knuckle prominence, absence of 352f
Krebs cycle 389f
L
Lactic acid 462
Lactobacillus 154
Lamina terminalis 584
Laron syndrome 74
LDDS-CRH test 245
Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency 471
Lentigines, pigmented 249
Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis 139
Letrozole 128
Levonorgestrel intrauterine system 164
Levothyroxine sodium 603
Libido, reduced 236
Li-Fraumeni syndrome 249
Ligand-binding domain 363
Linear nevus sebaceous syndrome 366
Lipodystrophies, monogenic 463
Lithium 296
Long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency 384
Low-renin hypertension, causes of 254t
L-thyroxine 191
Lugol's iodine 205
Lumbosacral spine, lateral 97
Lumps, vulvar 156
Lung maturation 214
Lupride 125
Lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor 12
Lymph node, retroperitoneal 248
Lymphedema 139
M
Macroglossia 182
Macroorchidism 120
Macrosomia 461
Macrovascular disease 449
Male contour body development 122
Malformation syndromes 85
Mamillary bodies 584
Maternal androgen production 269
Mauriac syndrome 447
Maxillonasal dysostosis 95
Mechanical ventilation 181
Meckel syndrome 234
Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency 384
Medroxyprogesterone, depot 164
Medulla secretes epinephrine 216
Melanocytic nevi, acquired 140
Membrane transporter defects 181
Meningioma 61
Menopause 150
Menses, irregular 485
Menstrual irregularities 149
Menstruation, hidden 161
Metabolic diseases 234
Metal ion deposition 351
Metanephrines 253b
Methyl dopa 253
Methylation analysis 403
Methylmalonic acidemia 392
Methyl-prednisolone 605
Metyrapone tests 219
Microalbuminuria, treatment of 448
Microdeletion syndrome, diagnosis of 22
Micronutrient deficiencies 60
Micropenis 271f
Microphthalmia 405
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein 476
Midline congenital anomalies 586
Mirage syndrome 233
MIRENA 164
Mitchell-Riley syndrome 402
Mixed gonadal digenesis 271f
Molgaard approach 335
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors 253
Monogenic endocrine disorders 21
Morning headaches 485
Mottled skin 182
Mucopolysaccharidosis 67
Mulibrey Nanism syndrome 88
Müllerian agenesis 165
Müllerian duct 263
aplasia-renal agenesis-cervicothoracic somite dysplasia association 269
syndrome, persistent 269
Müllerian inhibiting substance 266
Müllerian regression 14
Müllerian structures, anomalies of 269
Multicentre growth reference study 38
Multifactorial disorders 21
Multinodular goiter 196
Multiple fractures 99
Mumps 131
Myalgia 236
Myotonic dystrophy 131
Myxedematous skin changes 191
N
Nafarelin 604
National Centre for Health Statistics 39
National Cholesterol Education Program's 483
Natriuresis 282
Nausea 236
Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum 446
Neisseria meningitides 235
Nelson syndrome 247
Neoplasms 581
Neotame 427
Nephritis, immune complex 190
Nephrocalcinosis 303f
Neural crest tumors, classification of 528t
Neurofibroma 253
Neurofibromatosis 532
Neurological damage, permanent 393
Neuronal cells, modified 216
Neurophysin 286
Neurosecretory defects 73
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen 232
Nijmegen breakage syndrome 88
Nodular adrenocortical disease, primary pigmented 243
Nodules, benign-multiple 593f
Nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia 149
Nongenital bleeding 157
Non-growth hormone deficient conditions 80
Nonnutritional origin, rickets of 362
Nonosmotic nonhemodynamic stimuli 282
Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, progression of 449
Norethindrone acetate 164
North American Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 156
NROB1 gene 237
Nucleic acid sequences, specific 23
Nutritional management 420
Nystagmus 57
O
Octreotide 487
Ocular abnormalities, external 140
Oligogenic disorders 21
Opioids 146
Optic chiasm 584
Optic glioma 61
Optic nerves, evaluate 584
Optimal glycemic targets 407
Oral calcium 362
Oral cavity 96
Oral elemental phosphate, dose of 364
Oral estrogen-progesterone pills 165t
Oral glucocorticoid, high dose 369
Oral hypoglycemia agent therapy 406
Oral melanosis 122
Organic academia, diagnosis of 403
Organic acids 386
Organic disease 51
Organochlorine pesticides 252
Osmotic disorders, impact of 279
Osmotic diuresis 313
Osteoclast 373
poor autosomal recessive infantile osteopetrosis 373
rich autosomal recessive infantile osteopetrosis 373
Osteolysis 99
Osteolytic bone invasion 343
Osteomalacia, tumor-induced 366
Osteopathy, preterm 344
Osteopenia 358f
Osteoprotegerin 447
Otitis media 142
Ovarian
etiology of 160t
endometriosis 167
failure
autoimmune 131
premature 139
hyperandrogenism, functional 148
insufficiency 139
mass 152
maturation, estrogen-mediated 590
pathology 581
Overnutrition 17
Oxandrolone 81
Oxidoreductase deficiency 232
P
Pacak-Zhuang syndrome 252
Paget's disease, juvenile 334
Pallister-Hall syndrome 234
Pancreatic polypeptide-producing tumors 528
Pancreatitis 476
Panhypopituitarism 132
Papilledema 485
Paracrine 3
Parafollicular gland 5
adenomas of 527
hormone 4, 12, 15, 17, 66, 208, 259, 328, 328f, 333, 339–343, 360, 369, 379, 447, 519, 540, 542, 548, 551, 605
level of 60
Paraventricular nucleus 277f
Paresthesias 393
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return 139
Patellar dysostosis 92
Patent ductus arteriosis 400
PCSK9 inhibitors 475
Pearson marrow-pancreas syndrome 351
Pectus carinatum deformity 105
Pectus excavatum deformity 105
Pediatric emergency care 435
Pediatric pheochromocytomas, genetic causes of 253t
Pena-Shokeir syndrome 234
Peptide, parathormone related 350
Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia 383
Persistent disease, management of 247
Pes planus 105
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome 122
Phenobarbitone 12
Phenytoin 12
Phosphodiesterase 243
Phototherapy 340
Pictorial blood assessment charts 163
Pigeon chest deformity 361
Pinealoma 287
Pituitary cells, anterior 56
Pituitary disease 217
Pituitary dysfunction 584
Pituitary gland
absence of 585
congenital malformations of 585
developmental malformations of 585
duplication of 586
magnetic resonance imaging of 245
Pituitary organogenesis, abnormal 70
Pituitary somatotropes, anterior 52
Pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting adenoma 203
Placenta, role of 172
Placental fetal aromatase deficiency 269
Plasma 541
aldosterone 254
blood glucose, low 391
concentration 329
glucose 394
concentration 391
volume, regulation of 280
Plastic syringe 213
Platelet function assay 163
Pleiotropism 11
Plenadren 240
Pneumothorax 105
Polycythemia 383
Polymenorrhea 162
Polymerase chain reaction 23
Posterior pituitary bright spot 584
Potent hormone dihydrotestosterone 267
Prader classification 270f
Prader orchidometer 116f
Precocious puberty 30, 105, 107, 119, 122, 122t, 123f, 124f, 124t, 125t, 154, 192, 578f, 584, 587, 590f, 598f
causes of 588
disorders of 582
etiology of 121t
idiopathic central 589
isosexual central 126f
normal variants of 120t
Prednisolone 605
Prehypertension 483t
Prenatal therapy 231
Prepubertal period, late 112
Prepubertal testes 120
Profuse foul smelling bloody discharge 154
Progestational agents 269
Prolactin levels 12
Prolactinoma 132
Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 1 253
Propionic academia 384
Propranolol 204
Proprotein convertase subtilisin 473
binding 9
deficiency 60
diets, high 426
losing diarrhea 402
mitogen activated 11
serum 276
transport 7
tyrosine phosphatase 69
Proximal tubular bicarbonate reabsorption 300
Pseudoachondroplasia 99
Pseudogynecomastia 146
Pseudomyohypertrophy 192
Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism 351
Pubertal changes 16
Pubertal induction 142t
Pubertal onset, timing of 112
Pycnodysostosis 373
Pyelonephritis, chronic 296
Pyosalpinx 160
R
Rachitic rosary, appearance of 361f
Radioiodine ablative therapy 204
Raised serum alkaline phosphatase 360
Rathke's cysts 582
Rathke's pouch 266
Receiver operator characteristic curve 549f
Renal anomaly syndrome 352
Renal bicarbonate handling 300f
Renal cell carcinoma 253
Renal collecting duct 294
Renal excretion 320
Renal function tests 283
Renal insufficiency, chronic 340
Renal osteodystrophy 367
Renal outer medullary potassium defect 317
Renal vasculitis 217
Respiratory distress syndrome 181
Reticularis 211
Retinitis pigmentosa 405
Retroperitoneal mass 152
Reye syndrome 393
Rhabdomyolysis 306
Ribonucleic acid 21
changes of 369f
clinical
features of 361f
signs of 359f
congenital 345
radiological signs of 359f
tumor-induced 366
Robinow syndrome 95
Roche-Wainer-Thissen methods 107
Rogers syndrome 403
Rokitansky-Küster syndrome 269
Rotavirus 190
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome 88
S
Saccharin 427
Salbutamol 322
Salicylate intoxication 393
Saline loading test 540
Saliva 541
Sandwich immunoassay 543
Sanger sequencing 24
Sarcoma botryoides 157
Scapula, hypoplastic 99
Schmidt syndrome 235
School-going child, sample meal options for 431t
Schwann cell basement membrane 448
Seckel syndrome 88
Second generation pills, low dose 165
Secretagogues 19
Secrete luteinizing hormone 68
Secretory cell 3
Seizures 393
Selenium incorporation defects 180
Seminal fluid 111
Serum calcium concentration, regulation of 328f
Sex cord 588
Sex determination 263
Sex development, XY disorders of 12
Sexual characteristics, development of 30
Sexual differentiation 263
abnormalities of 269
disorder of 156
embryology of 267
genetics of 267
process of 268f
Shigella vaginitis 157
Short ACTH stimulation tests 219
Short bowel syndrome 79
Short limb disproportion 30
Short rib polydactyly syndromes 94
classification of 88fc
disproportionate 88
etiology of 63t
genetic causes of 85b
homeobox-containing gene 94
pathological 56
physiological 56
proportionate 88t
psychosocial 60
steroid induced 82
Short syndrome 88
Sick day management 421
Silver-Russell syndrome 508
Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome 104
Single nucleotide sequence 24
Single palpable gonad 271f
Sjögren's syndrome 235
Skeletal
abnormalities 89
deformities 139
lethal 99
number of 93
typical of 87
manifestations 138
mass 372
maturation 52
maturity
bone age for 37
score 573
survey 97t
Skin 96
examination 143
fold thickness 37
manifestations 140
pemphigus 217
pigmentation 239
problems 446
rash, eczematous 402
Skull-Wormian bones 370
Slender bone dysplasias group 91
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis 83
Snoring 485
Sodium 314
bicarbonate 322
chloride 19
symporter defect 317
deficiency of 4f
deficit 312
homeostasis 306
load 313
Soft skull bones 361
Solitary nodule 196
Somatotroph 56
Somnolence 393
Sonic hedgehog pathway 71
Speech 393
Spermarche 111
Spermatozoa, appearance of 111
Spinal cord injury 369
Spine radiograph 81
Spondylodysplastic dysplasias, severe 90
Squint 57
Standard deviation score 67
Statins 475
Steatohepatitis, nonalcoholic 484
Stem cell transplant, hematopoietic 19
Stenosis, pulmonary 402
Stereotactic radiotherapy 529
Stimulation test 7
Stomach 3
Straight ribs 95f
Streptococcus pyogenes 155
Stupor 393
Sucralose 427
Sucrose 426
Sulfasalazine 253
Surrogate 7
Synacthen stimulation test 561
Synthetic long-acting somatostain analogs 530
Systemic lupus erythematosis 369
T
Table sugar 426
Tachycardia 393
Tachypnea 30
Tall stature 107
causes of 104
diagnostic assessment of 107fc
endocrine etiology of 105
etiology of 104
syndrome 104
Teeth 96
Tendon reflexes, deep 63
Teratoma 588
Teriparatide 606
Testicular enlargement 119
Testicular failure 131
enlargement of 122
gland 6
secrete antimüllerian hormone 267
stromal tumors of 588
torsion of 131
undescended 581
Testolactone 128
Tetracosactrin 238
Tetralogy of Fallot 400
Thermogenesis 16
Thioamide 603
Third generation pills, low dose 165
Thromboplastin time, active partial 163
Thymus, normal 592f
Thyroglossal duct cysts 197
antibody titers 196
autoimmunity 447
binding globulin 184
differentiated 206
incidence of 206
papillary 206
pediatric 206
TNM staging for 207t
carcinomas 196
cysts 197
disturbance, transient 190
ectopia 197
fetal 172
follicular cell 180
maturation of 172
hypofunctioning 603
action defect 180
resistance 179
synthesis and metabolism, inborn errors of 179
imaging reporting and data system 593
infiltrative disease 197
lesion 249
acquired 593f
palpable 198
normal 592f
painful 197
palpation 198
physiology 172
profile, measurement of 191
reactive antibodies 195
receptor defect 180
sonography 191
specific genes 190
stimulating hormone 4, 5, 12, 15, 17, 68, 107, 121, 163, 171, 172, 179, 180, 184, 186, 189, 192, 194, 197, 203, 283, 415, 447, 486, 539, 540–542, 556, 557
receptor activating gene mutation 203
stimulates 175
stimulating immunoglobulin, maternal 182
storm 203
synthesis 173
transcription factor 178
Thyroidal enlargement, diffuse 194
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis 204
Thyrotoxicosis 10
Thyrotrope cells 172
stimulation test 556
Thyroxime binding globulin 192
Tinea unguium 353f
Toddler turner study 81
Total parenteral nutrition 344
Toxic multinodular goiter 203
Toxic nodule 603
Toxic thyroiditis 197
Tranexa 164
Tranexamic acid 164
Transabdominal ultrasound 153
Transglutaminase, serum 422
Transient hypothyroxinemia, causes of 181
Transiliac bone biopsy 334
Transmembrane channels, genes regulating 403
Transport proteins, conditions affecting 9t
Transthyretin 8
Transtubular potassium gradient 321
Tremors 421
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome 95
Tricyclic antidepressants 253
Triple X syndrome 131
Tubo-ovarian abscess 159
Tubular uterus 587f
Tubulopathy 316
Turner's syndrome 21, 22, 40, 60, 61, 63, 66, 75, 79, 81, 86, 131–133, 138, 138t, 140, 140t, 142t, 143, 196, 268, 332, 369, 606
clinical manifestations of 139t
diagnosis of 141t
Twenty-four-hour urinary free cortisol 220
Tyrosinemia 384
U
Ulcers 154
Ulna 575
Union for International Cancer Control 207
Urea 311
Urethral meatus 156f
Uric acid 310
Urinary anion gap 302
Urinary calcium 317
Urinary concentration 317
Urinary infections 157
Urinary iodine estimation 176
Urinary loss 308
Urinary organic acid 395
Urinary osmolal gap 302
Urine 541
calcium 354
ketones 566
metanephrine assay, drugs affecting 253t
microalbumin 422
sodium 283
Uropathy, obstructive 296
Uterine
length 588t
malignancy 164
maturation, estrogen-mediated 590
morphology 587
pathology 581
transplant 166
Uterus 161
V
Vaginal discharge 153
Vaginal mucosa, estrogenization of 122
Vaginal reconstruction 166
Vaginal swab 155
Vaginal tumor 157
Vaginitis 454
Valgus 361
Vanillylmandelic acid 532
Varus 361
Vascular endothelium cells 469
Verapamil 146
Verma-Naumoff syndrome 89
Vesicoureteral reflux 400
Vision, loss of 369
Visual disturbances 83
Visual impairment 402
Visual prognosis 449
Vitamin 426
cutaneous synthesis of 329f
prevention of 331t
treatment of 361t
D2 606
D3 606
K deficiency 594
Voice, deepening of 122
von-Gierke disease 403
Vulva, atrophic dermatitis of 154
Vulval inspection 153f
Vulvovaginal discharge 154
Vulvovaginal trauma 158