A
Abdominal muscles 77
Abdominal organs 38
Abducted thigh 25f
Above-knee stump 515
Abrasion 32
Acetabulum 201
Acromioclavicular arthritis 74
Adamkiewicz, artery of 351
Adductor magnus tendon 254f
Adductor pollicis 445
Adductor tubercle 254f
Adhesive capsulitis 111
Aird's test 383
Airway 28
Akimbo sign 432
Alcoholism, chronic 410
Allen's test 182
Allis sign 228
Alpine hunter cap patella 259
American Spinal Injury Association Sensorimotor Impairment Scale 393b
Amputation
and disarticulation 518f
atraumatic 512
common level of 518
complications of 517
indications for 512
principles of 516
right upper limb 35f
stump
clinical evaluation of 511
examination of 520
level of 518
patient with 512
special Chopart's amputation 519
special external hemipelvectomy 519
special hindquarter amputation 519
special Lisfranc's amputation 519
special Pirogoff amputation 519
special Syme's amputation 519
types of 517
definitive end-bearing 517
definitive non-end-bearing amputation 517
provisional amputation 517
Analgesia 41
Anhidrosis 473
Ankle 325
and foot 330f
major ligaments of 310
parts of 327f
dorsiflexion 383f
equinus deformity, evaluation of 489fc
examination 340
foot, position of 334f
bony ankylosis of 19f
plantar flexion 331f
space 19f
ligament complex, medial 311f
medial ligament of 311
neutral position of 331f
plantar flexion range of movement 24f
posterior aspect of 329f
sprain 344
stability, tests for 335
Ankylosis, true 19
Annular ligament 120f
Anomalies, congenital 197
Antebrachial cutaneous, medial 466f
Anterior interosseous syndrome 461
Antituberculosis, treatment drugs 152
Aperta 212
Arm and forearm, posterior cutaneous nerve of 434f
Arnold-Chiari malformation 116
Arterial blood gas 29
Arterial circulation 156
Arterial Doppler 39
Arthrodesis 63
Arthroscopic capsular release 112
Arthroscopic synovectomy 63
Arthroscopic view of 309f
cartilage fibrillation in chondromalacia 306f
discoid lateral meniscus 300f
normal lateral meniscus 300f
normal patella cartilage 306f
OCD of right medial femoral condyle 307f
Articular facet, superior and inferior 354f
Asynchronous scapula movement 107
Ataxic cerebral palsy 485
Athetoid (dystonic) cerebral palsy 485
Atonic bladder 409
Autoimmune diseases 415
Automatic bladder 409
Autonomic examination 419
Autonomic symptoms 414
Autonomous zone 421
Autosomal recessive 198
Axilla 142
Axis deviation, normal hip 226f
Axon reflex test 422
B
Babinski sign 394
Barber chair phenomena 387
Bear weight, difficulty to 44
Bear-Hug test 103
Bearing weight 5
Bechterew's disease 64
Beevor's sign 384
Beighton and Horan joint mobility index 86
Beighton hypermobility score 86
Belly press test 102
Below-knee prosthesis 514f
Below-knee stump 515
Benediction sign 443
Benett lesion 111
Benign chondrogenic tumors 199
Benign tumor 494t
Biceps bulk, loss of 128
Biceps groove tenderness 105
Bicipital groove 85
Bicipital tendinitis 105
Bigelow, ligament of 201
Birth brachial plexus palsy 479
Blackberry thumb 165
Bone 271
and joints, acute injury of 26
cement 505f
cyst
disease 43b
fixity 543
forming arch 312
grafting of GCT cavity 505f
sarcomas, spread 499
shortening of 535
clinical classification of 494fc
clinical evaluation of 494
during history assessment 495b
history taking in 495
Bony deformity 500
Bony mass, abnormal 133
Bony swellings 537
Bony tenderness 36
Bony thickening 47
Bouchard and Heberden's nodule 172f
Bouchard node 57
Boutonnière deformity 172
Bowstring test 383
Brachial cutaneous, medial 466f
common conditions affecting 471b
anatomical classification of 469t
clinical evaluation of 465
etiology and classifications of 468
examination 482
lower 470
suspicion of 475f
lower trunk of 380
nerves of 467t
roots of 468f
surgical anatomy of 465
tension 379
Bragard's test 383
Brain 6f
Brain's sensory cortex 349
Breathing 28
Brevis 202
Brittle bone disease 51
Broadened heel 324
Brown-Sequard syndrome 406
Brucella spondylodiscitis 362
Bucket handle tears 9
Bulk 390
Bunionette 321
Bunnel's ‘OK sign’ 443
Burning sensation 513
C
Cadaveric knee 253f
Cadaveric view of lateral side of knee 256f
Calcaneofibular ligament 310
Calcaneovalgus 314
Calcaneus deformity 324
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition 122
Calf musculature 325
Callosities 326
Campylobacter 66
Capitellum 118
Caplan's syndrome 63
Capsule-muscle-tendon, contracture of 125
Cardiac disease 75
Cardiac origin pain 78
Carpal bones 174b
Carpometacarpal 162
Carpometacarpal joint arthritis, tests for 181
Carpometacarpal joint of fingers 159
Carpometacarpal osteoarthrosis 57
Cartilage damage 7
Cauda equina 348f
Central slip injury 166
Cerebellar artery, posterior-inferior 351
Cerebellar ataxia gait 529
Cervical facetal disease 404
Cervical intervertebral disc prolapse 362
Cervical region 357
Cervical rib 400f
anteroposterior X-ray 400f
flexion 373f
lateral rotation 373f
movement 372
assessment of 373f
right lateral flexion 373f
Chlamydia 66
Chopart joint 313
Chordoma 502
Ciliospinal reflex, loss of 473
Clavicular head, test for 430f
Clavicular osteolysis, distal 80
Clonus 394
Clubbing 499
Clubfoot 341
Coccydynia 363
Coccygeal root 348
Codfish vertebra 51
Collar stud infection 200
Compressibility 537
Compression rotation test 104
Compressive neuropathies 122
Condyloid joint 159
Connective tissue disorders 415
Contralateral flexion 379
Coracoacromial ligament 107
Coracoid process 85
Coronal plane deformity, assessment of 219fc
Coronoid fracture 123
Coudane-Walch test 87
Coughing, impulse on 538
Cranial nerves 388
Crossed radial reflex 387
Crutch palsy 459
Crutch, axillary 206
Crystal arthropathy 66
Cubitus recurvatum 129f
Cytomegalovirus 415
D
Daily living, disruption in activities of 165
Dead arm syndrome 76
Debris and sclerosis 68f
Deep fascia 20
Deep penetrator sign 205
Deep space infections 200
Deep tendon 421
angular 532
congenital 197
correctable 331
in sagittal plane 216
of hip 215b
of knee joint 16f
progression of 314
rotational 223
assessment of 223
spasmodic 8
sprengel 74
stage of 61
structural 8
test for unilateral flexion 216
triple 58
Degenerative osteoarthritis, primary 60
Degloving injury 34
Delayed union 49
Detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia 409
Diabetes and thyroid dysfunction 78
Diadochokinesia 393
Diplegic cerebral palsy 485
Disability 28
Disc disease, degenerative 366
Disc herniation, stages of 402f
Discoid meniscus 300
Disease, severity of 69
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs 148
Dislocation patella, recurrent 309
Dislocation shoulder, recurrent 79
Distal femur and proximal tibia, fracture of 34f
Distal femur lateral condyle 505f
Distraction test 294f
Dizziness 360
Dorsal column tract homunculus 349f
Dorsal intercarpal 153f
Dorsal interossei 445
Dorsal ramus 410
Dorsal root 410
Dorsal scapular nerve 424
Dorsal spine 355
curvature 82
left lateral rotation of 375f
movement 374
right lateral rotation of 375f
Dorsolumbar spine, scoliosis of 366f
Dorsum skin condition 321
Double hemiplegic cerebral palsy 485
Dowager's hump 365
Down syndrome 209
Drop arm test for supraspinatus tendon tear 99
Drop sign 100
Drug-induced peripheral neuropathy 416
Duncan-Ely test 490f
Dupuytren's test 231
Durkan's median nerve compression test 180
Durkan's test 180
Dyskinetic scapula 84
Dysplastic spondylolisthesis 355
Dystonia 492
E
Ecchymosis 32
Edema 499
Elbow
and radioulnar joint 134b
and superior radioulnar joint, bony anatomy of 118f
clinical diagnostic snippets 126t
common conditions affecting 122b
cubital tunnel syndrome 150
examination 143
flexion movement 18
tests for 138
joint
clinical evaluation of 118
line, palpation of 132
ligaments of 120f
location of anterior and posterior joint lines of 133f
movements, extension, flexion 134f
myositis ossificans of 147f
pain
anterior 123
causes of 123t
lateral 123
medial 123
posterior 123
pathology, case of 122
range of motion 135b
stabilizing structures 119
terrible triad of 146
varus buttress of 118
with goniometer, flexion range of movement 24f
Electrolyte imbalance 523
Elson test for central slip of extensor tendon rupture 187
Empty can test 99
Enchondroma 199
Enchondromatosis, multiple 199
Enophthalmos 473
Enteropathic arthropathy 66
Entrapment neuropathy 63
Eosinophilic granuloma 502
Epileptics 78
Epineurium 410
Epiphyseal lesion 505f
Erb's palsy 481f
Erb's point 466
Erector spinae 77
Eversion talar tilt test 335
Exostoses, multiple 499
Extensor capri radialis longus and brevis 155f
Extensor expansion 157
Extensor lateral and medial band 157f
Extensor tendon injuries 196
Extensor tendon zones 158
External rotation lag test 100
External rotation test 336
F
Faber test 237f
Facet joint arthropathy 404
Facetal arthropathy 363
Fairbank's apprehension test 295
False ankylosis 20
Fascial contractures 8
Felty's syndrome 63
Femoral acetabular impingement 208
Femoral condyles 252
Femoral osteosarcoma 506f
Femoral steochondroma 504f
Femoral triangle 213
Femoroacetabular impingement 249
Femoroacetabular lesion, types of 250f
Femur component, measurement of 228f
Festinant gait 527
Fexor hallucis longus 334f
Fibrocartilage complex, triangular 154f
Fibrocartilage, triangular 187
Fibromyalgia 409
Fibrous ankylosis 19
Fibrous dysplasia 509
Fibula, neck of 276
Fibular neck 272
Finger escape sign 387
Finger sign 112
Finger under normal MLA 322f
Finger-nose test 393
Finkelstein test 181
Finochietto-Bunnell test 182
Fixed abduction deformity 218
Fixed deformity 216
Fixed flexion deformity 276
Flail limb 472f
Flatfoot 314
Flatfoot, congenital 341
Flexor and extensor zones of hand 158t
Flexor tenosynovitis 200
Fluid discharges, type of
purulent discharge 543
sanguineous 543
seropurulent 543
serosanguinous 543
serous 543
Fluid thrill 537
Foot and ankle 313b
clinical diagnostic snippets 317t
joint, clinical evaluation of 310
locations of 315t
muscles of 313t
surgical anatomy of 310
Foot arch, type of 320f
Foot concavity, loss of 326f
Foramen magnum 348
Forearm mid-prone 81
Forearm supinated, biceps assessment with 433f
Foreign body, presence of 543
Fovea 175
Fovea sign 183
Foveal tenderness 184f
Foveal test 187
Frank dislocation 77
Frankel sensorimotor classification 393b
Fredrich's ataxia 322
Frieberg disease 346
Fulcrum issues 242
Full Can test 98
Fustilo-Anderson classification 36t
G
Gagey's hyperabduction test 92
Gagey's test 93f
analysis 523
antalgic 524
ataxic 529
circumduction 529
coxalgic 524
cycle 521f
disturbance
assessment of 523
etiology of 522
equinus 526
hand-to-knee 528f
in severe OA knee 528f
in spastic cerebral palsy 527f
abnormal 45
phases of 521
short limb 525
spatial parameters of 522
stiff hip 526
stomping 529
true equinus 526
types of 210b
antalgic gait 210
bell clapper gait 210
gluteus maximus gait 210
high-stepping gait 210
in-toeing (pigeon gait) 210
out-toeing (Charlie Chaplin) gait 210
short-limb gait 210
stiff-hip gait 210
Trendelenburg gait 210
Galeazzi sign 244
Gamekeeper's thumb 182
Ganglionic cyst 115
Ganglions 533
Gap, palpation of 36
Gas in soft tissue 37
lateral head of 256f
medial head of 254f
muscle, test for 455f
tubercle 254f
with knee, test for 454f
Gemellus superior and inferior 203
Genu valgus 63
Gerdy's tubercle 256f
Ghost sign 303
Glasgow Come Scale 28t
Glenohumeral osteoarthritis, left 114f
Glenoid and head of humerus 73
Glenoid bony avulsion 76
Glenoid cavity 71
Global brachial plexus injury 470
Global brachial plexus palsy 474f
Global pain 123
Globular mass 240
Gluteal muscle wasting 212
Gluteal region 215
Glutei 77
Gluteus maximus 202
Gluteus maximus contracture 208
Gluteus medius 202
Gluteus minimus 202
Gonococcal arthritis 61
Gout 66
Gouty arthritis 344
Gracilis 202
Greater tuberosity 85
Growth disturbance 532
Guillain-Barré syndrome 415
Guyon's canal syndrome 167
H
Habitual patella dislocation 302
Haglund's deformity 343
Hallux rigidus 321
Hamate 174
Hand comprises metacarpals and phalanges 156
Hand
dorsal aspect of 170
extensor zones of 158f
flexor zones of 158f
function, assessment of 178
infections 199
ligaments of 157
tumors 199
wrist-forearm alignment 169f
zones of 158
Hawkin's sign 98f
Hawkins-Kennedy test 97
Head sternal 430f
Heberdon's node 57
Heel broadening 333
Heel valgus, bilateral 324f
Heel varus, left heel 324f
Heggar's hand 481f
Hemangioma 502
Hematogenous osteomyelitis, case of 50
Hematoma, subungual 172
Hemiplegia 522
Hemiplegic cerebral palsy 485
Hemiplegic gait 529
Hemiresection interposition arthroplasty 193
Hemochromatosis 67
Hemophilia, genetics and type of 69
Hepatorenal recess 38
Hereditary diseases 415
Herpes zoster 415
Hildreth test 199
Hill-Sachs lesion 76
Hindfoot alignment 323
Hindfoot and calf 323
Hindfoot valgus deformity 324
Hip
abduction range of movement 25f
abductor, mechanism of 242f
and knee, attitude of 213
anteversion angle 227
arthritis, primary or recurrent 208
avascular necrosis of 248
clinical diagnostic 207t
condition, diagnosis of 203b
diseases, use of cane in 243
disorders, case of 209t
examination 244
extension 224
flexion 224
deformity assessment 490
strength assessment 449
test for 449f
joint
articulating bones 202f
clinical evaluation of 201
common conditions affecting 203b
ligaments of 202f
line, anterior 214f
pathology, differential diagnosis of 204b
movement
abduction and adduction 226f
flexion 225f
pathologies affecting pediatric population 240t
rotations 224
with knee extended 225
stability, test for 231
subluxation 208
Hoffmann's test 387
Holt-Oram syndrome 198
Homogentisic acid oxidase enzyme, lack of 70
Hook grip 159
Hornblower's test positive on right side 101f
Horner's sign 473f
Horner's syndrome 473b
Horse-shoe shape swelling 58
Huckstep triad 371b
Humeroradial articulation 118
Humerus, chondrosarcoma of 534f
Hump-bump deformity 343
Hyaluronic acid 61
Hydroxychloroquine 63
Hyperextension 277
Hypermobility, presence of 86
Hyperparathyroidism 67
Hypertrophic scar 541t
Hypertrophied synovium 274
Hyperuricemia 318
Hypotension, causes of 352
Hypothenar eminence 160
Hypotonic cerebral palsy 485
I
Idiopathic and degenerative 111
Idiopathic scoliosis, adolescent 362
Iliopsoas 202
Impingement in shoulder 107
Index finger 439f
Infective synovitis 265
Inflammatory arthritis 167
Inflammatory conditions 148
Inflammatory tenosynovitis 162
Infraganglionic spinal nerve 469
Infraspinatus 73
Infraspinatus tear 99
Infraspinatus tendon, tests for 101f
and weakness in grip 164
catch sign (active flexion test) 385
feeling of 45
lateral side 125
medial side 125
of joint 8
Intact abductor mechanism 242
Intercarpal joints 153
Internal rotation lag sign 102
Internal rotation lag test 102f
Interosseous, card test for 446f
Interphalangeal 179
Intersection syndrome 190
Interstitial cystitis 409
Interstyloid distance, measurement of 179f
Intertrochanteric femur fracture 242
Intervertebral disc 352
calcification of 70
prolapse of cervical region 401
prolapse of lumbar region 402
Intramuscular swelling 537
Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of hand 160t
Intrinsic minus 171
Inversion talar tilt test 335
Inverted radial reflex 387
Inververtebral disc calcification in ochronosis 70f
Ipsilateral anterior horn cells 350
Iridocyclitis, signs of 364
Irritable bowel syndrome 409
Ischial tuberosity 230f
Isthmic spondylolisthesis 363
J
Jaw pain 409
Jendrassik maneuver 394
Jobe's supraspinatus test 99
Joint, crepitus 59
Joint, hyperlaxity of 86
Joint in ankle and foot, type of 312
Joint involvement, symptoms of 497
Joint line tenderness 272
Joint, misplaced 76
Joint of upper and lower limb, examination of 395
Joint of wrist, type of 156
Joint, stability of 262b
Joint, stiffness of 45
Joint, tuberculosis 57
Juvenile kyphosis 398
K
Kapandji score for thumb opposition 178f
Keinbock's disease 165
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca 63
Kienbock's disease 200
Klumpke's palsy 472
Knee
dislocation 259
effusion in standing 273
examination 299
extensors (quadriceps), test for 449f
flexion deformity of 278f
flexion movement 18
hyperextension 268
ligaments of 258t
pathology of 261b
snippets of 264t
clinical evaluation of 251
function of 251
in coronal, anatomy of 251f
muscles around 260t
normal hyaline cartilage of 304f
Kneeling method 233
Kothari's parallelogram method 222
L
Labrum 71
Laceration 33
Lateral meniscus, posterior horn of 256f
Leflunomide 63
Left knee, horseshoe-shaped swelling of 270f
Leg and foot, long axis of 24f
Leg, lateral compartment of 453
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease 247
Leprosy 68
Lesser tuberosity 85
Lever sign 285
Lhermitte's sign 387
Ligament, anatomy 259
Ligament, anterolateral 256f
Ligamentous injury 264
Ligamentum flavum 354f
Limb and deformity, alignment of 46
Limb, circumference of 538
Limb, distal part of 48
Limb injuries 42
apparent discrepancy 20
Limb, major vascular injury of 40
Limb salvage surgery 506f
Limb, traumatic amputation of 40
Limb, vascular examination of 395
Ling test 237
Lipoma 537
Lisfranc joint 313
Lisfranc's amputation stump 519f
Little league elbow 152
Liu's test 104
Lobstien syndrome 51
Locking 262
Locking specific, cause for 56
Locking, true 9
Long bone
affections 49
and joints diseases, clinical evaluation of 43
common tumor in 500f
disease 43
Long thoracic nerve, muscles supplied 428t
Longitudinal arch, medial 330
Longitudinal ligament, anterior and posterior 354f
Love's pin test 199
Low radial nerve palsy 459
Low ulnar nerve palsy 446
attitude 210f
measure true length of
measurement technique of 279f
muscles, major nerves supplying 448fc
myotomes of 392f
nerves, examination of 448
normal alignment of 268
normal rational right alignment of 213f
rational deformity of 213
segmental length of measurement technique of 279f
true length of 228f
Lower subscapular nerve 466f
Lower trunks, typical mechanism of injury 469f
Lumbar facetal disease 404
Lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse, type of 368f
Lumbar region 357
Lumbar sciatic scoliosis, acute 367
Lumbar spinal canal stenosis 363
extension 375
flexion and extension of 377
flexion, assessment of 375
instability, special test for 385
lateral flexion of 376
movement 375
assessment 376f
painful/limited 377b
Lumbar spondylolisthesis 369f
Lumbosacral coccygeal nerve roots 348
Lumbosacral junction 369f
Lumbosacral nerve root compression 382
Lumbosacral spine, section of 348f
Lumbrical plus finger 200
Lunotriquetral 184
Lyme's disease 415
M
Maffucci syndrome 199
Magnus 202
Malignancies 507
Malignant bone tumor 494t
Mallet little finger 195f
Maneuvers, internal rotation 97
Mangled lower limb 35f
Marie-Strumpell disease 64
Maudsley's test 149
Median nerve palsy, features of 439
Medical Research Council grading for muscle power 391b
Medulla oblongata 348
Megaprosthesis 506f
Meningomyelocele 68
Meniscal root tear, posterior 303
Meniscofemoral ligaments 254
Meniscus test 299
Menstrual irregularities 207
Metabolic arthropathy 69
Metastatic tumor, secondary 532
Metatarsal heads 326f
Metatarsophalangeal 313
Methotrexate 63
Midfoot 322
Midfoot Charcot's arthropathy 319
Midfoot dorsum, palpation of 330
Midfoot instability, chronic 339f
Mid-tarsal joint movement 332
Miosis 473
Mobility, abnormal 36
Monoarticular exacerbation 63
Mononeuritis multiplex 63
Mononeuropathy 410
Monoplegic cerebral palsy 485
Morant-Baker cyst 265
Morning stiffness 205
Morrant Baker's cyst 305
Motion, restriction of 360
Motor assessment 333
Motor march phenomena 423
Motor power examination, method of 421b
Motor symptoms 413
and stability of neighboring joints 515
elbow and radioulnar joint 134
glenohumeral joint 73
hip joint 201
involuntary 393
loss of 56
painful 89
spasm in 18
wrist 176
Mulder's click 330
Muscle 121
contractures 489
tests for 234
girth, measurement of 48
hypertrophy 128
strength around elbow 143
tendon complex 20
test of
biceps (forearm supinated) 142f
brachialis (forearm pronated) 142f
brachioradialis 142f
Muscular torticollis, congenital 397
Musculocutaneous nerve, major muscles supplied 433t
Musculoskeletal integrity, lower limbs 523
Myeloma, multiple 502
Myelomeres 349f
Myelopathy hand 387
N
Nail and pulp changes 172
Nail changes 418
National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel grading 395b
Neck 82
Neck and scapula 367
Neck and shoulder 82f
Neck webbing 209
Neer's impingement sign 97
Neoplasia 3
Nerve compression 532
Nerve palsy, typical deformities 417b
Nerve paralysis 76
Nerve recovery, clinical signs of 422
Nerve, structure of 411f
Nervous system, components of 352t
Neurilemma 456
Neurilemmal sheath 410
Neurofibroma 483
Neurofibromatosis 531f
Neurological condition, distal 22
Neurological diseases 522
Neurological status of limb 547
Neuromuscular junction 411f
Neuromusculoskeletal pathway 6f
Neuropathic joint 346
Neuropathic ulcer 546
Neurovascular bundle 39
Neurovascular compression 539
lower limbs 281
Neutropenia 63
Nonunion 49
Nucleus pulposus 353
O
Oblique retinacular ligament 157f
Obturator externus and internus 203
Occulta 212
Ochronosis 70
O'Donhogue triad 285
Olecranon, position of 129
Olecranon process, tip of 131
Ollier's, achondroplasia 198
Ollier's disease 199
Omovertebral bar 398f
Open degloving with skin loss 34f
Orthopedic case presentation 1
Os naviculare 343
Osborne-Cotterill’ lesion 144
Osteitis deformans 53
Osteoblastoma 502
Osteochondral loose bodies 9
Osteophytes, lack of 63f
Osteoporosis, severe 70
Osteoporotic vertebral body fractures 362
Overload syndrome conditions 151
P
Pacinian corpuscles 483
activities causing 44
dull aching 531
during bending backward 358
from neighboring areas mimicking shoulder 77
of neurological origin 4
progression of 3
quality of 3
referred 205
Painful arc syndrome 114
Painful catch sign 385
Painful extension 377
Painful forward flexion 377
Palpate for thuds and clicks 279
Palpate popliteal fossa 276
Palpate serratus anterior insertion, method to 478f
Palpate spine 215
Palpate tibial nerve 329
Palpating medial and lateral hamstrings 452f
Pancoast tumor 483
Paralysed muscles 9
Paraspinal abscess 370f
Parasympathetic nervous system 354f
Pars interarticularis 403f
Parsonage-Turner syndrome 483
Patella facet tenderness 275
Patella grind 275f
Patella infera 269
Patella instability 264
Patella magna (large patella) 259
Patella parva (small patella) 259
Patella stability, assessment of 295
Patella stability test 281
Patella tendinosis 265
Patellar height and geometry 259
Patellar tracking 297
Patellofemoral joint 251
Patellofemoral ligament, medial 257
Pathological joints, clinical evaluation of 54
Pathological scarring, evidence of 540
Patte's sign 100
Pebble-shaped patella 259
Pediatric bone tumors 502
Pelvic floor 77
Pelvis compression test 386
Pelvis distraction test 386
Pelvis fracture 34f
Pelvis, level of 525f
Pelvis, right hip 221f
Pelvis squared 218
Pelvis unsquared 218
Pen test 442
Periarthritis shoulder 111
Pericardial effusion 38
Perineurium 410
Peripheral nerve, surgical anatomy of 410
Peripheral nervous system 411f
Peripheral neuropathy 544
Peripheral pulses 476
Perisplenic space 38
Periungual telangiectasia 172
Peroneus brevis 313
Peroneus longus 313
Peroneus tendon, testing 334f
Pes anserinus bursitis 271f
Pes planus and pes cavus, causes of 322b
Pes planus, flat arch of left foot 322f
Phantom limb sensation 513
Phelps test 490
Piano key sign 183f
Piano key test 183
Pigmented villonodular synovitis 309f
Piriformis syndrome 235
Piriformis tightness, test for 235
Pisiform 174
Piston test 231
Pitcher's elbow 151
Plano valgus foot 327
Plantar fascia contracture 322
Pleural effusion 63
Pointing finger 417
Policeman's tip hand 417
Poliomyelitis 415
Polyneuropathy 410
Popeye elbow 130
Popliteus 256f
Posterior interosseous nerve entrapment syndrome 461
Posterolateral plica syndrome 150
Postganglionic injuries 469f
Pott's spine 355
Preacher's hand 443
Preiser's disease 200
Prepatellar bursa 270f
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor group 507
Pronator quadratus 437f
Proprioception, position sense 349
Provocative test 380
Proximal femur aneurysmal bone cyst 508f
Proximal forearm 33f
Proximal tibia fracture 259
Proximal tibiofibular joint 252
Proximal ulna, coronoid process of 118
Pseudo-coxalgia 247
Psoriasis 172
Psoriatic arthritis 167
Psoriatic arthropathy 65
Psychological, causes 523
Ptosis 473
Putti sign 481f
Pyogenic tenosynovitis 162
Pyramidal tract 350
Q
Q angle 279
Quadratus femori 203
Quadratus lumborum 77
Quadriplegia 406
Quadriplegic cerebral palsy 485
Quantitative pilomotor axon reflex test 422
Quervain's disease 165
R
Racial predisposition 541
Radial artery 155f
Radial head fracture 126
Radial head palpation 132f
Radial tuberosity insertion 148
Radial ulnar styloid process relationship 173
Radiocapitellar articulation 119
Radiocarpal joint 153
Radiolunate 153f
Radiolunotriquetral 153f
Radioscaphoid 153f
Radioulnar synostosis, congenital 144
Radius, distal end of 173
Raynaud's syndrome 382
Raynaud's phenomena 172
Reagan ballottement test 185f
Rectus femoris contracture 234
Recurvatum knee 268
Red flag sign 37
Reducibility 537
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy 193
Regeneration, process of 456
Regimental badge sign 432
Reiter's arthritis 260
Reiter's syndrome 65
Renal phosphate wasting 52
Renal rickets 52
Resisted external rotation test 99
Retrograde degeneration, primary 456
Retropatellar tenderness 275
Rocker bottom foot 326f
Rocking horse gait 526
Ruptured baker's cyst 48
Ryder's method 229
S
Salmonella 66
Sauve-Kapandji procedure 193
Scalene triangle 131
Scaphoid 174
Scaphoid fracture 165
Scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse arthrosis 192
Scaphoid tubercle 173f
Scapula 83
inferior angle of 85
lateral border of 86
medial border of 85
shape of 83
spine of 85
superomedial border of 481f
Scapular ligament, transverse 115
Scapular retraction test 110
Scapular winging 459
Scapulohumeral reflex 387
and ulcer 48
clinical evaluation of 530
examination of 540
healed with
primary intention 541f
secondary intention 541f
inspection of 540
mobility of 541
palpation of 541
Scarf test 106
Scarred limb, chronic 534f
Scheuermann's kyphosis 398
Schober's method, modified 375
Schober's test 376f
Schwannoma 483
Scleroderma 172
Scoliosis kyphosis 16
Scoliotic spine 367f
Sectoral sign’ 224
Seddon's classification 412
Senile kyphosis 362
Sensitive sign, underlying shoulder pathology 75
Sensorimotor innervation 349f
Sensorimotor tracts 349f
Sensory 443
and motor disturbance in upper limb 381
supply of median nerve 437f
supply of radial nerve 434f
assessment of foot 333
ataxia gait 529
innervation of
around knee 259
foot 450f
lower limb 456f
upper limb 455f
symptoms 413
Shephard-Crook deformity 509f
Shigella 66
Shoe wear pattern in various type of feet 319f
Shoulder
abduction of 114f
measurement of 25f
anterior aspect of 92
bony landmarks of 85f
clinical diagnostic snippets 79t
common conditions affecting 74b
contour 81
denotes coracoid process 85f
dislocation 1
examination proforma 108
girdle muscles, major nerves supplying 423fc
hand syndrome 74
in internal rotation 85f
instability
anterior 75
special test for 91
tests for 91
internal impingement of 111
active ROM 88f
anatomy of 72f
clinical evaluation of 71
range of movement 88b
left, calcific tendinitis of 115f
pathologies 74b
subluxation of 76
to test supraspinatus 478f
Sickle cell anemia 207
Sign of surgical correction 540
Simian hand 439f
associated 531
clinical evaluation of 530
discharging 7
over distal tibia 47f
presence of 46
with purulent discharge 531f
Sit-to-stand test 385
Skier's thumb 182
Soleus muscle, test for 454f
Spasticity 491
Spina bifida aperta 370
Spina ventosa 168
affection 389b
arterial supply of 350f
hemisection of 406
infarction 351
major ascending tracts in 349
major descending tract in 350
sensory tracts, assessment 389t
Spinal deformity 371
Spinal injury with traumatic paraplegia 363
Spinal instability 403
Spinal ligaments 352
Spinal metastasis 355
Spinal osteochondrosis 362
Spinal segments 349f
Spinal tumors 322
Spinal unit, functional 354f
alignment of 364
and pelvis 37
clinical conditions affecting 355b
clinical diagnostic snippets of 362t
clinical evaluation of 348
common infections of 400t
examination proforma 396
function 353
lesions of 364
mobility 353
normal coronal alignment of 366f
osteology of 348
pathology 356b
red flags of 360
tenderness 370
tumors 502
benign 502
malignant 502
Spinoglenoid notch cyst 116f
Spondylitis 401
Sports injuries 1
Sports-related conditions 109
Sprengel deformity 398
Squeeze test 336
Starch-iodine test 422
Static method 84
Sternocleidomastoids 365
Stump, palpation of 515
Subacromial bursa 107
Sublime tubercle 119
Subluxation, tests for 183
Subscapularis tear 101
Sudeck's osteodystrophy 193
Sudomotor function 422
Sulphasalazine 63
Superior labral anterior-posterior lesion 77
Superior labral anterior-posterior tear 109
Supinator crest 119
Supinator reflex 421
Supine method 217
Suppurative tenosynovitis, acute 168
Supraclavicular fossae 365
Supracondylar bony process 461
Supracondylar ridges 130
Supraganglionic root 469
Supramuscular swelling 537
Suprapatellar 259
Supratrochlear 142
Sustentaculum tali 329
Swain test 289
Swallow-tail sign 432
Swan-neck deformity 172
arising from nerve 537
arising from tendon 537
causes of 211
characteristics of 419
clinical evaluation of 530
diagnosis of 533t
local examination of 532
of distal limb 48
of right knee joint 58f
palpation of 134
plane of 536
pulsatile 536f
right ankle 328f
specific characteristics 535
submuscular 537
Syme's amputation stump 517f
Syndactyly 198f
Syndesmosis injury, distal 336
Syndesmotic ligaments 311
Synovial fluid 10
Synovial membrane 10
Synovitis, stage of 61
Syringomyelia 68
T
Table-top relocation test 141
Table-top test 183
Talar dome 328
Talar osteochondral lesions 345
Talofibular ligament, anterior 310
Tardieu scale 491b
Tarsal coalition 317
Tarsal collapse 326f
Tarsometatarsal joints 68f
Tarsometatarsal junction 238
Tenosynovitis 165
Tensor facia lata contracture 234
Thigh-calf circumference 244
Thigh foot angle, measurement of 239f
Thompson test 338f
Thompson-Simmond test 338
Thrombocytopenia 198
Thyroid dysfunction 165
Tibia, pagetic bowing of 54f
Tibial bowing, anteromedial 51
Tibial component, measurement of 228f
Tibial condyles 252
Tibiofemoral angle 280
Tibiofemoral articulation shallow 252
Tibiofemoral joint 251
Tie beam 312
Tietze's disease 78
Tissues, dead 546f
Toe deformities 321b
Toeing-in and toeing-out deformities 321
Toes’ sign 323f
Tone 391
Tourniquet inflation test 199
Trabaculae crossing joint 19f
Translucency 538
Trans-olecranon fracture-dislocation 146
Trapezium 174
Trapezoid 174
acute 261
mechanism and force of 30
related orthopedic emergencies 39
sonography in 29
velocity of 30
Traumatic amputations 512
Traumatic brachial plexus injury 76
Traumatic dislocations 76
Traumatic paraplegia 406
Triquetrum 175
Trochanteric ‘C sign’ 204
Trochanteric region 211
Trochlear, anatomy 258
Trumpet sign 481f
Truncation sign 303
Tscherne classification 35t
Tubercular osteomyelitis 50
chronic infection 162
history of 57
in lung 57
of infective arthritis 56
of musculoskeletal 55
of ulna 121
sicca 61
stages of 58
Turf toe 345
Tyrosine 70
U
clinical evaluation of 530
edge, types of 546f
examination of 544
in great toe 326f
non-healing 546f
over great toe 544
over heel, non-healing 325f
over malleolus 544
over plantar aspect of foot 544
toe with gangrene 547f
types of
everted edge 546
punched out edge 546
rolled-out edge 546
sloping edge 546
undermined edge 546
Ulcus sign 96
Ulnar clawing 448
Ulnar nerve palsy, features of 446
Ulnar nerve signs, summary of 448
Ulnar paradox 447b
Ulnar styloid process 174
Ulnar tunnel syndrome 197
Ulnohumeral articulation 120
Ulnohumeral bony articulation 120
Ulnolunate 153f
Ulnotriquetral 153f
ULT1 test 379f
ULT1A test 379f
ULT3 test 380f
Upper brachial plexus birth palsy 481f
Upper limb tensions test 379t
Upper subscapular nerve 466f
Upper trunk brachial plexus injury 472f
Uveitis 209
V
Vaginal discharge 207
Valgus thrust 266
Valgus thrust gait 527
Valsalva maneuver 387
Varicose veins 270
Varus deformity of right tibia 47f
Varus posteromedial rotatory instability 146
Vascular compression 532
Vascular insufficiency changes 169
Vascular swellings 532
Vasomotor function 422
Vastus medialis obliquus 269
Veins proximal 535
Venous ulcer 547f
Ventral division 448fc
Ventral ramus 410
Vertebral compression fractures 366
Vertical ground reaction force 243
Volar and dorsal ligaments 153f
Volar plate injury 166
Volkmann's ischemic contracture 194
Vrolik disease 51
W
Wagner-Meissner corpuscles 483
Walking stick 206
Wartenberg's syndrome 190
Weakness, progression of 471
Well-leg raising test 383
Wrist 169
and hand 161b
clinical evaluation of 153
and thumb drop 459
dorsal and volar surface of 174f
drop (left) 417
extrinsic and intrinsic ligaments of 154t
Wrist ganglion 167
Wrist ligament injuries 164
Wrist osteoarthritis 192
Wrist pain, causes of 162t
Wrist ROM 177f
Wrist ulnar deviation 24f
Wrist, volar aspect of 175