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Sonography of the Shoulder Joint
Bipin R Shah, Jeshil R Shah, Ram Y Prabhoo
1:
Introduction to Shoulder Sonography
2:
Instrumentation and Recent Technical Advances
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Color Doppler and Power Doppler
3:
Anatomical Considerations
BONY ANATOMY
ADJACENT NEUROVASCULAR STRUCTURES
4:
Clinical Examination of Shoulder
ROTATOR CUFF DISORDERS
History
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION SPECIFIC TO THE ROTATOR CUFF
Range of Motion (ROM) Tests
Impingement Signs
Abdominal Compression Test
STRENGTH TESTS
TESTS FOR OTHER SHOULDER PATHOLOGIES
Yerguson's Test (Biceps Provoking Test)
Cross Body Adduction Test
Apply's Back Scratch Test
Apprehension Test
Anterior and Posterior Load and Shift Tests (Anterior and Posterior Translation)
Posterior Stress Test
O'Brian's Test
5:
Technique of Shoulder Sonography
TECHNIQUE
Rotator Cuff Interval View
Other Important Sonographic Views
Documentation
Reporting
6:
Rotator Cuff Pathologies
IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME
Other Impingements
ROTATOR CUFF TENDINOPATHY
ROTATOR CUFF TEARS
Partial Thickness Tear
Full Thickness Tear
MINOR SECONDARY FINDINGS
Subdeltoid Bursal Effusion
Concave Subdeltoid Bursal Contour
Humeral Head Elevation
Joint Effusion
Infraspinatus Tear
Subscapularis Tear
How Accurate is Sonography in Rotator Cuff Tears?
Treatment of Rotator Cuff Tears
Recurrent Tears
Cuff Tear Arthropathy
Fatty Changes on Rotator Cuff Muscles
Rotator Cuff Calcification
Technique
7:
Non-Rotator Cuff Pathologies
EVALUATION OF PROBLEMS OF JOINT STABILITY
8:
Disorders of Long Head of Biceps
TENDON OF LONG HEAD OF BICEPS
ANATO-PATHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF LHBT
9:
Glenohumeral and A-C Joints
GLENOHUMERAL JOINT
EFFUSIONS IN THE SHOULDER
Trauma
Muscle Injury
Complete Tear of Pectoralis Major Tendon
Poland's Syndrome
Deltoid Muscle Tears
Paget-Schroetter Syndrome
Acromioclavicular Joint Subluxation
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Degenerative Disorders
Amyloid Arthropathy of Shoulder
Hemarthrosis
Os Acromiale
10:
Infections and Peri-Shoulder Pathologies
PERI-SHOULDER INFECTIONS
Septic Arthritis (Fig. 10.1)
Fungal Infections (Fig. 10.4)
NERVE ENTRAPMENTS
SPINOGLENOID NOTCH SYNDROME
QUADRILATERAL SPACE SYNDROME (FIG. 10.7)
SPACE OCCUPYING LESIONS
ELASTOFIBROMA
AXILLARY LYMPHADENOPATHY
11:
Postoperative Shoulder Joint
POSTOPERATIVE APPEARANCES
12:
Artifacts and Mimics
ETIOLOGY OF FALSE POSITIVE/NEGATIVE DIAGNOSIS OF ROTATOR CUFF TEARS
A. Technique Related Causes
B. Anatomy Related Causes
C. Disease Related Causes
D. Patient Related Causes
Annexures
ANNEXURE 1: Template for Sonography Report
Ultrasound Study of Left Shoulder
Clinical Profile
Technique
Observations
Impression
Recommendations
ANNEXURE 2: Checklist for Shoulder Sonography
ANNEXURE 3: Normal Measurements in Shoulder Sonography
Bibliography
INDEX
TOC
Index
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