Principles and Practice of Chemotherapy Major Mirza Qaiser Baig
INDEX
A
Accelerated
repopulation 310, 310f
treatment 312
Acid
all-trans retinoic 95
aminocaproic 142
-related
diseases 149
pathophysiology—stomach
secretes 148
Actinomycin-D 6
Acute
cerebrovascular syndrome 315
effects 314
leukemia 253
lymphoblastic leukemia 253, 258
fraction treatment 258
myelogenous leukemia 254, 259
myeloid leukemia treatment 259
promyelocytic leukemia 98
radiation induce toxicity
profile 317
Adenocarcinoma 180
Adenoids 241
Adenopancreatic cancer 262
Adenoviruses 103
entry into cell 102f
use for gene transfer 103f
Adjuvant chemotherapy 9
for NSCLC 228
Adrenocortical carcinoma 14
Adriamycin, actinomycin-D 7
Advantages of NACT 165
Agents
antiangiogenic 100
antifibrinolytic 142
Aldesleukin 10
Alemtuzumab 100
Aleukemia 255
Allogeneic bone marrow
transplantation 258
All-trans retinoic acid 95
Alopecia 108
Alpha particle 276
Aluminum salts 149
Alzheimer’s disease 104
Ameloblastoma of jaw 331, 331f
American Society of
Clinical Oncology 130
Hematology 130
Amifostine 12
Aminocaproic acid 142
Aminoglutethimide 13
Anastrozole 14 1
mg tablets 15f
Anatomical
Landmark
in larynx 230f
of tongue 177f
relation of gallbladder 214f
Anatomy 187
and regional lymph node 215f
of larynx 230f
of nasopharynx 241f
of stomach 148f
of thyroid gland 247f
Androblastoma tumor 189
Androgen block 119
Anemia 107
low red blood cell count 106
Aneurysmal bone cyst 331
Angiopoietin-related growth
factor 272
Ann Arbor staging classification 203
Anorexia 11
Antacids 149
and antiflatulents 149
drug effects 149
nursing implications 150
side effects 150
Anterior pituitary hormone 116
Antiangiogenic agents 100
Anticipatory nausea 111
Antiemetics 111
Antifibrinolytic agents 142
Antiflatulents 149
Anti-inflammatory drugs 136
Antisense oligonucleotide 100
Antroclonal polyp 244
Apoptosis angiogenesis 94
Applications of gene therapy 104
Approach to pain therapy 127
Approaches in gene therapy 102
Aromatase inhibitor 117, 169, 170
Arsenic trioxide 15
Artery supply of gallbladder 215
Asbestos 224
Asparaginase 17
Atypical carcinoid 265
AV malformation of brain 330
B
B cell cancers cell development 207f
Bacterial infection 12
Basal dose rate 303f
Beam characteristics 168
Before transfusions 145
Belly 111
BEP chemotherapy 194
Betelnut 179
Bevacizumab 100
avastin 99
Bleomycin 6
Blood
cell count 109
products 142
supply of ovaries 188
with leukemia 256f
BNLI classification 207
Body’s immune system 186
Bone marrow 328
aspirate and trephine 210
transplant treatment window 318f
transplantation 318
transplantation TBI 316
Bone
mets 171
pain (bone mets) 171
Bortezomib 101
B-particle 276
Brachial plexopathy 173
Brachytherapy 245
Bragg curve 277
of ionization 281
Brain
AV malformation of 330
metastasis 172, 172f
in lung cancer 222f
mets 171
secondary 172
Breakthrough in carcinoma
cervix 161
Breast 328
Cancer
international research 99
management 164
Burkitt’s
leukemia 254
lymphoma 206
By radiation 166
Bystander effect? 169
C
CA in situ 237
CAGB etiology/risk factor 215
Calcium
carbonate 150
salts 149
Calorimetry 285
CA-lower alveolar 176f
Cancer 104
adenopancreatic 262
biology 91
cervix patients
during brachytherapy 301f
taking selectron treatment 300
oral cavity 175
respectively 177
therapy outcomes 130
Candidates for targeted therapies 98
Capecitabine 19
tablet 19f
Carboplatin 6, 20
Carcinoid
crisis 262
feature flashing of face 263f
syndrome 262
Carcinoma
adrenocortical 14
-alveolar 176f
larynx 230
Cardiovascular effects 11
Carmustine 22
Categorical scale 127
Caution-sign of radioactive
materials 275f
Cavernous hemangioma of liver 330
CECT
abdomen showing
GB cancer 217f
head
meningioma left frontal 324f
left renal cell carcinoma 324f
lymph node at right side 182f
thorax
left lung mass 324f
of lung cancer 224
Cell cycle 4, 306f
checkpoints 94
regulation by cyclins and
cyclin-depend 92
Cells of gastric glands 148
Central nervous system 258
Cervical cancer
regular pap tests 162
Cetuximab 23
Chain reaction 280f
Changes in health-related QOL
parameters 130
Characteristic features of paclitaxel
and docetaxel 68
Chemical structure of anastrozole 14f
Chemo agents and toxicity 107
Chemotherapeutic drugs 8
Chemotherapy 182, 191, 219
drugs commonly combined
trastuzumab 99
induced neurogenic pain
occurs 125
Chemotherapy, after effect of 109
Chest wall fibrosis 174
Chew sugarless gum 114
Chief cells 148
Chop regimen for high-grade
non-Hodgkin lymphomas 210
Choroid mets 171
Chromosomal changes leading to oncogene activation 94
Chronic
leukemia 253
lymphocytic leukemia 99, 254, 258
myelogenous leukemia 254, 259
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
treatment 259
Chronic pain 126
Cimetidine 150
Cisplatin 6, 24
injection 24f
Cladribine 26
Classification of GEP-nets by
cell characteristics 265
site of origin 261
Classification of ovarian Ca 189
Clinical
considerations during
chemotherapy 6
groups and prognostic
factors 203t
oncology, American
society of 130
staging of oral cavity cancer 180f
Clonogens 310
CNS prophylaxis 258
Cobalt source 295f
Coincidental carcinoids 262
Colchicine 6
Combination
chemotherapy 9
therapy 6
Common
bile duct 214
cancer and management 153
epithelial tumor of ovary 189
Commonly used
drug for neurogenic pain 126
hormone treatment 170
Comparisons between erythropoietic
agents 131
Complete blood count or CBC 107
Complication
of intraperitoneal
chemotherapy 192
to BMT 318
after surgery 217
of radiotherapy in breast
cancer 174
Compton effect 292, 292f
Computed tomography 323
Concepts of
brachytherapy 297
cancer chemotherapy 3
Concomitant chemoradiotherapy 9
Cone beam 319
Congestive heart failure 99
Connective tissue barriers of
larynx 231
Consolidation therapy or
intensification therapy 258
Continuous hyperfractionated
accelerated radiotherapy 228, 312
Contraindication
of D/l scopy 237
to surgery for CAGB 218
Corticosteroids 27
CT scan 237
CTX, cytoxan neosar 28
Current breast field LRRT 168f
Cyclophosphamide 28
Cyclophosphamide injection 500
mg
and 200 mg 28f
Cyclosporine 102
Cystic fibrosis 104
Cytarabine 29
Cytarabine injection 30f
Cytoprotective agent 151
D
Dacarbazine 31
injection 200 mg vial 31f
Dactinomycin 32
Daunorubicin 6
liposomal 33
Daunoxome 33
Day time PDR 305
Decadron 27
Decision-to-treat 258
Decitabine 95, 100
Decrease swelling 145
Deep inspiration breath hold 319
Desmoid tumor 330
Dexamethasone 27
Diarrhea 112
Diet rich in animal fat 188
Dietary 188
factors 178
Differences between borderline and
malignant tumor 190
Differential diagnosis of
nasopharynx tumors 244
Differentiated cells 4
Difficulties in indirect larynx
examination 236
Disadvantage of aromatase
inhibitor 169
Disease, Alzheimer’s 104
Diseases, acid-related 149
Disseminated intravascular
coagulopathy 135
Distant mets 243
Distant spread 234
Dividing tumor cells 4
Docetaxel 34
Dose
calculation 302f
intense vs dose dense 192
rate and ICRU-38
recommendations 304
response relation for early and
late responding 308, 309
titration for gabapentin 126
Dosing regimens 130
Doxil 37
Doxorubicin 35 200
mg 37f
liposomal 37
Drug interactions 150
Drugs
anti-inflammatory 136
interfering with translation 6
Duchenne muscular dystrophy 104
Ductal carcinoma in situ 164
Duodenal ulcer 150
Dying cells 4
Dynamic multileaf
collimation 321
collimator 326
E
Early
lethal effects 315
responding tissue 310
stage breast carcinoma 165
Earth’s crust 224
Ectopic Cushing’s syndrome 14
Effects of
hypophysiotropic hormones 121f
radiation on normal
human tissue 314
antacids drug 149
antacids side 150
Efficiency of HPV vaccine 162
Electromagnetic radiation 291
Electron mode 296f
Electronic portal imaging devices 325
Ellis introduced NSD system 307
Endocrine 188
pancreatic tumors 263
Endometrial
adenocarcinoma 198
cancer 195, 195f
Endoscopy 138
-based treatments 138
Environmental 188
factors 189
Eosinophilic granuloma 332f
LCH 332
Epidemiology/etiology 232
Epidermal growth factor
receptor 225, 272
Epirubicin 39 50
mg 39f
Epistaxis 135
Epithelial lining of
gastrointestinal 315
Epoetin 40
Epstein-Barr virus 179, 202, 206
Erythropoietine 130
Esomeprazole 151
Essential investigations during
chemotherapy 7
Estrogen and androgen
production 118f
Estrogens 41
Ethylene amines 6
Etoposide 6, 42
injection 42f
European-American lymphoma 207
Ewing’s sarcoma 10
Ex vivo gene transfer 104
Excision of local tissue 155
Exocrine pancreatic cancer 262
Exophthalmos 328
Exposure meter 289f
dosimeter 288
Exposure rate meter 289f
dose rate meter 288
Extension of cervical cancer 155f
External radiotherapy boost portals in
supraglottic larynx 239
Extrafacial hystectomy 160
Eye 328
F
Facial flushing is uncommon 14
Fatigue 107
extreme tiredness 106
Fever 12
Filgrastim 44 300
mg 43f
Fine needle aspiration biopsy 248
First targeted therapies 98
Flare phenomena 119
Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy 237
Flexure dose 311
Fluconazole 317
Fludarabine 45
Fluorescence 285
Fluorescent in situ hybridization 116
Fluorouracil 46
Flutamide 47
FNAC CT guided to confirm
diagnosis 214f
Folic acid 6
Food and drug
administration 100, 161
Foramen lacerum 241
Fossa of Rosenmuller 241
Four major kinds of leukemia 254t
Four R of radiobiology 306
Frequency of histological types of
lung cancer 221t
Fresh
blood 317
platelets 317
Full blood count and ESR 210
Fulvestrant 48
Functioning 262
Fundamental quantity 293
G
Gallbladder
anatomical relation of 214f
artery supply of 215
cancer 214
Gamma rays 276
Gastroesophageal reflux disease 150
Gastrointestinal syndrome 315
GCSF injection 129f
Gefitinib 49
tablet 49f
Gemcitabine 50
injection 1g 50f
Gene
modification 102
therapy
applications of 104
approaches in 102
transcription control 94
transfer 102
adenoviruses use for 103f
General management in
oncology 123
Germline cells 104
Glands of stomach 148
Glaucoma 128
Glossectomy 175
Glottic CA 233, 234, 237
Glottis 234
larynx 231
Gluck’s and Sorrenson incision for
laryngectomy 238f
Glucocorticoids and relative
potency 146t
Gonads 328
Graft versus host disease 318
Granulosa cell tumors 189
Grave’s ophthalmopathy 328, 328f
Growth
and decay of radioactive
isotope 280
factor binding 94
hormone deficiency 104
Gynandroblastoma tumor 189
Gynecological malignancies 187
Gynecomastia 331
H
H.pylori 151
H2 antagonists 150
side effects 150
Hair prosthesis 109
Hair’s texture 108
Hairy cell leukemia 254, 259
treatment 259
Half-life and radiation 278t
Head and neck
cancer 175, 185
squamous cell
carcinoma 175, 179
Heart block 128
Heartburn—acid stomach 149
Hemangioma 329, 329f
Hematemesis 135
Hematochezia 135
Hematology, American society of 130
Hematuria 135
Hemi body irradiation 314
Hemopoietic syndrome
bone marrow toxicity 316
Hemoptysis 135
Hepatic artery
chemoembolization 272
embolization 271
-delivered therapies 271
Herceptin 98
Hereditary 189
Herpes simplex virus 103
Highly soluble 149
Histological picture of germ
cell tumor 189f
Hodgkin’s
and non-Hodgkin’s
lymphomas 27
disease 208
and non-Hodgkin lymphoma 208t
lymphoma 202, 203
Hormone
production 118
synthesis 145f
treatment 169
in cancer 116
patients 119
inthyroid cancer 121
Hormone-delivered
radiotherapy 270
Human
papillomavirus 161, 162, 179
Huntington’s chorea, familial 104
Hydroxyurea 50 500
mg capsules 51f
Hyperacidity bound 149
Hyperfractionation 311
Hypopharynx 176
Hysteroscopic anatomy 187f
Hysteroscopy and curettage to
confirm diagnosis 198f
I
Ideal brachytherapy source 297
Ifosfamide 51
injection 52f
Image-guided
adaptive radiation therapy 327
radiation therapy 319
Imaging in oncology 323
Imashil 53f
Imatinib 95
mesylate 53
Immunomodulating agents 100
Immunophenotype 202
Immunosuppressant
antibodies 102
gene therapy 11, 12, 13
Implantable carmustine
impregnated wafer 23
Importance of histological grade in
ovarian carcinoma 190
In vivo gene transfer 104
Incidence 187
of pain 125
Indication of radiotherapy in
pleural effusion 174
Indications and contraindications
of BCT 166
Indirect
laryngoscopic mirror
view 230, 231f
laryngoscopy 236
Individual variation 316
Induction chemotherapy 8, 258
Inferior vena cava 188
Infraduodenal portion 214
Inhibitors of protein synthesis 6
Instruments use in laryngoscopy 237f
Intensity
of pain 125
-modulated radiation
therapy 185, 320
Interferon-α 54
Interstitial brachytherapy in
lip cancer 299f
Interstitial implant 181f, 301, 303f
Interventional radiology 139
Intraduodenal portion 214
Intrapleural instillation of
bleomycin 174
Inverted papilloma 332, 332f
Iododeoxyuridine 312
Ionization chamber 286f
Ionization, Bragg curve of 281
Irinotecan 56
Iron supplementation and response to erythropoietic 132
Islet cell tumor 266
Isomeric transitions 277
J
Juvenile myelomonocytic
leukemia 260
Juvenile nasopharyngeal
angiofibroma 331
K
K-electron capture 276
Ketoconazole 317
Kiel classification 207
L
Lansoprazole
zollipak 151
Large para-aortic
lymphadenopathy 209f
Laryngeal compartments 231
Larynx 177
anatomy of 230f
blood supply/lymphatic chain/
nerve supply 232
L-asparaginase injection 17f
Late responding tissue 310
Lateral wall 241
Latest radiotherapy technique 319
LDR unit, patient under LDR
treatment 158f
Leg edema 161
Leptomeningeal metastasis 125
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome 104
Letrozole 58
Leukemia 253
Leukemia, acute promyelocytic 98
LHRH agonist 118, 170
Limitation of Roentgen 284
Linear accelerator 291f
Lipid cell
lipoid cell tumor 189
Liver
function tests 210
metastasis 171, 267f
Lobular carcinoma in situ,
treatment 164
Local
adenocarcinoma 216
and distant spread of
larynx Ca 233
destructive method 155
Localized disease 213
Loop technique of
implant 181, 303f
Low
blood counts 9
-grade lymphoma
localized disease 213
LQ model of cell killing in
radiotherapy 313f
LRRT technique 168
Lung
cancer 220, 224
screening 226
metastasis 164f, 174
in thyroid cancer 249f
Luteinizing hormone—releasing hormone analogs 58
Lymph node
metastasis 188
spread of Hodgkin’s
lymphoma 202f
Lymphadenopathy 202
Lymphatic
drainage 188, 242
of ovarian cancer 188f
of skin of thorax and abdomen 188f
spread 234
vessels of GB 215
Lymphatics of larynx 232
Lymphocytic leukemias 253
Lymphokine-activated killer cells 10
Lymphovascular invasion 159
M
Magnesium 150
hydroxide 149
salts 149
Magnetic resonance imaging 323
Malaise and fatigue 12
Malignant
cells 91
transformation 91
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma 174
Mammography shown
breast cancer 164f
Management of
anemia 129
bleeding in cancer patient’s 135
breast cancer 164
CAGB 217
cancer pain 125
germ cell tumor of ovary 193
larynx Ca 237
pretreatment evaluation 156
supraglottic LX 239
Mandibulectomy 175
Mathematical modeling 95
Maxillectomy 175
Measurement of X-ray 282
Mechanism of radiation induced
cell killing 294f
Mechanisms of carcinogenesis 91
Mediastinal
field radiotherapy 204f
lymphadenopathy 248f
Melanoma 10
Melena 135
Melphalan 59
tablet 60f
Mercaptopurine 60
Mesna 61
Mesothelioma 224
Metastases and malignancy 266
Metastasis process via
vascular channel 4f
Methods of
application of brachytherapy 300
implant 302f
Methotrexate 62
injection 50 mg 62f
Methylprednisolone 332
Metoclopramide diphenhydramine 7
Microspheres 271
Millicuries 85
Misoprostol 151
Mithramycin 6
Mitomycin 63
injection 64f
Mitoxantrone 64
Modern chemo agent 219
Modified radical hystectomy 160
Moh’s procedure 176
Movement of cobalt
machine 293, 295f
Mucocutaneous effects 11, 13, 21
Mucoid cells 149
Multileaf collimator 321
Multiple fractions per day 311
Multiple sources 300
Muromonab CD3 102
Myalgias and arthralgias 12
Myelogenous leukemias 253
Myelosuppression and other
hematologic effects 11, 13
N
Nasopharyngeal
angiofibroma 244
tonsil 241
Nasopharynx 176
anatomy of 241f
carcinoma 241
Natural
killer cells 10
radioactive material 278
Nausea 11
and vomiting 106, 111
vomiting and other gastrointestinal
effect 11, 13
Near by region of nasopharynx 242f
Neoplastic plexopathy 173
Nerve supply 232
Neuroendocrine
carcinoma 266
system 261
tumor 261, 264f, 266
Neurogenic pain to direct tumor
involvement 125
Neuropathic pain 126
Neuropsychiatric effects 12
Neutropenia 110
Nevin’s and TNM definitions
CAGB 218t
New hope with gene therapy 102
Nitrogen mustard 8
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 206
types 208t
Nonsmall cell
carcinoma 220f
lung carcinoma 220
lung carcinoma 221, 227
lung carcinoma staging and
mancheste 229
Nonsteroidal antiestrogenic
drugs 119
Normal human blood 256f
NSCLC, adjuvant
chemotherapy for 228
Nuclear
cytoplasmic ratio 190
reactor 279f
Numerical rating scale 127
Nursing implications 151
O
Oblimersen 100
Octreotide 65
radiolabeled scan 268f
Ocular disorder 328
Ofatumumab 101
Omeprazole
omepak 151
Oncogenes 92
Oncologists for cancer pain 127f
Oral
cancer 175
candidiasis 110f
cavity 175
Orbital
metastasis 173
pseudotumor 329
Oropharyngeal squamous cell
carcinomas 176
Oropharynx 176
Other ovarian tumor markers 191
Other risk factor for Ca larynx 233
Ovarian ablation 170, 331
Overview of typical thyroid cancer
treatment 250
Oxaliplatin 66
injection 66f
P
Packed cell 317
Packing, hemostatic agents and dressings 137
Paclitaxel 67
injection 67f
Pain
assessment 127
history 127
intensity rating scales 127
Pair production 293f
Pairs system of dose calculation 302
Palliative
radiotherapy indicated in breast
cancer 171
radiotherapy to primary
tumor 171
RT dose 173
treatment in breast cancer 171
Pamidronate 69
Pancreatic
cancer 262
endocrine tumor 266
Pantoprazole 151
Para-aortic lymph node
irradiation 160
Paraglottic space 231
Parametrial invasion 159
Parietal cells 148
stimulation secretion 149
Parkinsonism 104
Pathology of CAGB 215
Patient and tumor movements 327
Patient under SRT treatment 326f
Pattern of spread 216t
Pegfilgrastim 70
Pelvic lymph node 159
around cervix 156f
Peptide receptor radionuclide
therapy 270
Percentage wise distribution of
leukemia 254f
Peyronie’s disease 330
of penis 330f
Pharmacoeconomic
considerations 132
Penytoin drug 126
Peripheral neuropathy 125
Photodynamic therapy 184
Photoelectric
absorption 292
effect 292f
Physical
methods 103
chemical or biological delivery
methods 103
Physics of IMRT 321
Physiology of hemostasis 135, 135f
Piperazine derivatives, mitomycin-C 6
Plantar warts 329
Platelets 109
Plexopathy 125
Point source 300
Porfimer 71
Positron 276
emission tomography 325
Postchemotherapy of same patient 5f
Posterior exentration 160
Postoperative radioactive iodine
therapy 252t
Practical aspects
inbrachytherapy 299
Precaution with antidepressants
therapy 128
Prechemotherapy of NHL patient 5f
Prednisone 27
Pre-epiglottic space 231
Premalignant conditions of
larynx 232
Pretreatment work-up 244
for larynx Ca 236
Prevention of restenosis
after PTCA 330
Primary chemotherapy 9
Principles
for the combination
chemotherapy 9
of breakthrough pain therapy 128
of radiation therapy 291
Problem of second primaries 185
Procarbazine 72
Prodromal symptom 314
Progestins 73
Prognostic factor for larynx Ca 235
Proliferation a factor in normal
tissue 307
Propertiesm 276
Prophylaxis of acute toxicity 12
Prostatic
cancer 119
obstruction 128
Proton
pump 150
pump inhibitors 150
Provera 118
Pterygium 328f
Pulse dose radiotherapy 305f
Punch biopsy forceps 180f
Pure hyperfractionation 311
Puromycin 6
Q
Quantities of radioactive
material 280
Quinacrine 6
R
Rabeprazole 151
Radiation 315
effect 316f
of mouse and dog 317t
field use in cervical cancer 158f
induced bracheal plexopathy 173
oncologist with benign
tumors 328
oncology 273
portals 239f
Radical radiotherapy field 250f
Radioactive
bone scanning 281
decay 275, 277
equilibrium 280
material 278
microsphere therapy 272
nuclei 277
Radioactivity 275
by nuclear fission 279
induced by neutron
bombardment 278
induced by proton
bombardment 279
Radiofrequency ablation 272
Radiography in laryngeal cancer 237
Radioiodine use in follicular
Ca of thyroid 281
Radioisotope therapy 270
Radionuclides or radioligands 270
Radiotherapy
in GB cancer 219f
planning technique 167
role in gallbladder cancer 218
strongly advised 332
Radon gas 224
Rarely chlorpromazine 7
Rationale of LDR brachytherapy—LQ
model 304f
Receptor status 116
tyrosine kinase families 96
tumor cell growth 97
Recombinant human
erythropoietin 129
Recommendation for axillary lymph
node radiation 168
Recurrence of carcinoma cervix 161
Red blood cells 109, 253
Red cell formation and destruction of
red blood cell 136
Reduce allergic reactions 145
Reduction of
cumulative renal toxicity with
chemotherapy 13
xerostomia from radiation to
head 13
Regimen for low-grade non-Hodgkin
lymphomas 211t
Regional LN 235
Renal
cell carcinoma 10
function impairment 12
tubular abnormalities 21
Reproducible 283
Reproductive causes 188
Requirements
for IMRT dose delivery 321
of X-ray dosimeter 283
Residual
deficits 185
disease 159
Resistance with cisplatinum 25f
Respiratory system 186
Responding tissue 310
Resting cells 4
Result of chemotherapy for
high-grade disease 213
Retroduodenal portion 214
Revised European-American
lymphoma classification 209
Rheumatoid arthritis 331
Rib’s fracture 174
Rinke’s space 231
Risk factors for larynx cancer 232
Risk groups in ovarian cancers 193
Rituximab 74, 100
mechanism of action 74f
Roentgen 283
Roid rage 145
Role of
antacids 148
anterior pituitary 117f
chemotherapy in LABC 167
GB 215
hormone 116
interstitial implant in breast
carcinoma 169
radiotherapy 193
steroids in cancer 145
RTOG phase-III trial 238
S
Safety
and tolerability 132
of HPV vaccine 162
Salvage chemotherapy 10
Sargramostim 76
Sciatic pain 161
Secretion of HCL 149
Secretory products of the adrenal
glands 118t
Selective
estrogen receptor modulator 170
internal radiation therapy 272
Sequential drug therapy 6
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors 189
Serum
immunoglobulins 210
uric acid 210
Severe
anemia in cancer patient 129f
combind immunodeficiency
disease 104
skin reaction 314f
Sex cord tumor 189
Side effects of
aromatase inhibitor 117
chemotherapy 106
Signal transduction 94
Signals affecting cell division 91
Single
agent vs multiple agent merits and
demerits 192
drug therapy 6
Sir WC Roentgen Father of
radiotherapy 291f
Skin disorders 329
Sliding scale 296f
Small cell lung
carcinoma 220, 221, 211f
Smoking 223
Sodium bicarbonate 149
Somatic cells 104
Somatostatin analogs 142, 267
Somatostatin congeners 267
Soranib 101
Sour stomach 149
Source train manual after
loading 299f
Special precautions during
chemotherapy 7
Spectrum of electromagnetic
radiations 293
Spinal cord 125
compression 173
Spinal mets 171
Spread
of endometrial cancer 195f
pattern 190
Squamous cell
carcinoma 175, 180, 229
Sr89 systemic radiotherapy is
superior to HBI 172
Stage IB1 157
Staging
for larynx Ca 234
of endometrial cancer 200f
Standard free air chamber 285
Steps of cancer drug development 8f
Steroid side effects 146f
Stomach
anatomy of 148f
mucosal glands 148f
Stomatitis 113
Strandquist plot 307f
Streptonigrin 6
Stroke, head injury, multiple
sclerosis 104
Structure of tamoxifen 78f
Subglottic Ca 234
larynx 240
Subglottic larynx 231
Ca 234
Sucralfate 151
Summary of classification by cell
characteristics 266
Suppression of adrenal-pituitary
axis 28
Supraduodenal portion 214
Supraglottic
and subglottic 177
Ca 233
Supraglottic larynx 230, 234
Supraglottis 234
Supraradical hystectomy 160
Suramin 78
Surgery 140
for carcinoma of gallbladder 217
Surgical
anatomy of gallbladder 216f
palliation 218
Symptomatic relief 270
Symptoms of thyroid cancer 248
Syndrome
acute cerebrovascular 315
of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone 223
Synthetic prostaglandin analog 151
Systemic
features of neuroendocrine
tumor 261
interventions 140
T
T cell prolymphocytic
leukemia 254, 260
T pot and accelerated treatment 312
Tamoxifen 79
Tamoxifin 117
Targeted
cancer therapy 91
therapy 184
in chronic lymphocytic leukemia 99
Taxol singly or in combination 6
Techniques of gene therapy 104
Teletherapy 294
unit cobalt 60 294f
Temozolomide 79f
Temozolomide 81
Temperature and pressure taking into
account 287
Thalidomide 82
capsules 81f
Therapeutic uses 150
Thermoluminescence 285
Thiotepa 83
Three field technique 246f
Threshold erythema dose 284
Thyroid 328
cancer 247
cells 249
gland, anatomy of 247f
Time interval between multiple daily fractions 312
Time, dose and fractionation in
radiotherapy 306
Tiredness
fatigue 107
Tissue layer 180
TLD system of exposure
measurement 287, 287f
TNM staging system for gallbladder
carcinoma 219t
Tobacco smoke 223
Topotecan 84
Toremifene 84
Total pelvic exentration 160
Total tumor cell kill concept 5
Toxicity 11, 13
Trachea 177
Tranexamic acid 142
Transarterial chemoembolization 272
Transcutaneous arterial
embolization 139
Transglottic carcinoma 231
Transplantation
allogeneic bone marrow 258
bone marrow 318
TBI, bone marrow 316
Trastuzumab 86, 98, 99
Treatment
accelerated 312
acute myeloid leukemia 259
head of
cobalt 60 294f
linear accelerator 296f
of Ca cervix 155
of CIN/dysplasia 155
of lung cancer 226
options are surgery and
chemotherapy 191
planning and
delivery 321
response assessment 326
tree for thyroid cancer 251f
Trial of European organisation of
research treatment 311
Triethylene melamine 6
Trigeminal nuralgia 330
Tumor
adapted radiotherapy/image
guided radiotherapy 327
androblastoma 189
factor 235
growth pattern, tumor cell grows
as Gompertz 3
morphology 323
Tumors of larynx 232t
Type of
electromagnetic waves 275f
hystectomy 160
incision used in head and neck
surgery 183f
neurogenic cancer pain 125
pain 125
strain of virus 162
thyroid cancer 248
Typical lymphatic drainage of
breast 166f
U
Ultrasonography 325
United states environmental
protection agency 224
Uretric obstruction 161
US food and drug administration 129
Use of
DL scopy 236
midline block 157
radioactivity 281
Ustard 8
Usual dosage and schedule 10
V
Vaginal bleeding 135
Valproic acid 100
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 272
Vasopressin/desmopressin 141
Vertebral
hemangioma 331
metastasis 172f
Veterans affairs laryngeal study
group 238
Vinblastine 6, 88
injection 86f
Vincristine 6, 7, 88
Vinorelbine 89
Viral 188, 189
Viruses 224
Vitamin K
phytonadione, menadiol 140
Voltage applied between plates 286
Vomiting and diarrhea 11
W
Waldeyer’s ring of cervical lymph
node 242f
Wall thickness 288
Weaker bones 146
Weakness of NSD system 307
Wertheims hystectomy 160
What
about chemotherapy? 249
are common side effects? 106
causes side effects with
chemotherapy? 106
is anemia? 107
is ATRA and ATO? 98
is fatigue? 108
prognosis? 248
White blood cells 109
WHO cancer pain ladder treatment
with drugs 128f
Whole breast technique 167
Widespread disease 211
Wilms’ tumor 9, 10
X
X-ray mode 296f
X-ray production 282f
Y
Yolk sac tumor
endodermal sinus tumor 193
Z
Zoledronic acid 90
Zollinger-ellison syndrome 151
×
Chapter Notes

Save Clear


1PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF CHEMOTHERAPY2
3PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF CHEMOTHERAPY
Mirza Qaiser Baig Major MOBC MD Assistant Professor and Head Radiation Oncology Division Department of Radiotherapy BRD Medical College Gorakhpur, UP, India
4
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.
Headquarter
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
4838/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj
New Delhi 110 002, India
Phone: +91-11-43574357
Fax: +91-11-43574314
Overseas Offices
J.P. Medical Ltd.,
83 Victoria Street London
SW1H 0HW (UK)
Phone: +44-2031708910
Fax: +02-03-0086180
Jaypee-Highlights Medical Publishers Inc.
City of Knowledge, Bld. 237, Clayton
Panama City, Panama
Phone: 507-317-0160
Fax: +50-73-010499
© 2012, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the publisher.
Inquiries for bulk sales may be solicited at: jaypee@jaypeebrothers.com
This book has been published in good faith that the contents provided by the author contained herein are original, and is intended for educational purposes only. While every effort is made to ensure accuracy of information, the publisher and the author specifically disclaim any damage, liability, or loss incurred, directly or indirectly, from the use or application of any of the contents of this work. If not specifically stated, all figures and tables are courtesy of the author. Where appropriate, the readers should consult with a specialist or contact the manufacturer of the drug or device.
Principles and Practice of Chemotherapy
First Edition: 2012
9789380704791
Printed at
5Dedicated to
My son Amaan and Indian Army Soldiers who did their supreme sacrifices during Kargil Military Operation, because I am per se a witness of Kargil War, and thus, decided to provide free consultation services to Indian Army Soldiers and their family throughout life.
And needless to say, to my patients whom I learn a lot on day-to-day basis.6
7Preface
Principles and Practice of Chemotherapy is one of the most useful books on oncology presently available in the market. It presents all aspects of cancer management including recent advances. It throws light on biologic and pharmacologic aspects as well as basics of chemotherapy, including clinically relevant new understanding of cellular mechanisms that direct cancer cell growth and its potential control with molecular targeted therapy.
The book focuses on primary indication, usual dosage, schedule and side effects of new drugs, and targeted agents that oncologists have begun to use in the last five years as well as also on new data regarding information for many of the older agents.
The book contains wealth of information for surgical, medical and radiation oncologists, as well as non-oncology physicians, oncology nurses, pharmacists and medical students. It can be read and understood by many patients and their attendants who want information about their cancer and what chemotherapy they have been prescribed by their oncologists.
Chemotherapy has been long-time aspiration for many of the people engaged in cancer research and treatment. The book is a new ray of hope for those people. Current traits which are exploring never targeted therapy alone and in combination with chemotherapy continue to offer a realistic control of cancer in the decade ahead.
I am thankful to Dr Rahat Hadi for his full support as well as contributing a chapter in this book.
Major Mirza Qaiser Baig