A
a wave (atrial/venous) 138
A/G ratio (see albumin/globulin ratio)
Abbreviations 217
ABO system 89
ABP (see androgen binding protein)
nutrient
and aging 38
of amino acids 336
of bicarbonate 345
of bile salts 329
of carbohydrate 331
tests for 361
of chloride 344
of cholesterol 336
of cyanocobalamin 339
of fats 336
tests for 361
of folic acid 340
of fructose 333
of galactose 334
of glucose 332
of lipids 329
of medium chain triglycerides 337
of minerals 340
of phospholipids 338
of potassium 344
of proteins 335
tests for 362
of vitamin B12 340
tests for 363
of zinc 342
tests 360
Absorption coefficient 217
Abstinence
for contraception 502
Acclimation 268
Acclimatization 267
Accommodation 511
ACE (see angiotensin converting enzyme)
Acetate
in the colon 346
and pain 597
and sleep 730
as neurotransmitter in ANS 696
at synapses 579
discovery 176
effect on heart 130
synthesis 518
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors 696
Achalasia cardia 308
Acid (see individual acids)
Acid-base balance 435
Acoustic reflex 637
Acquired immunity 75
Acromegaly 461
ACTH (see adrenocorticotropic hormone)
biphasic 533
compound 511
in cardiac muscle 127
in heart 127
in skeletal muscle 518
in smooth muscle 537
propagation 509
Activation heat 531
Active transport (see transport, active)
Acute phase protein 73
Addison's disease 469
Adenosine
as neurotransmitter 697
Adenosine diphosphate
as neurotransmitter 697
Adenosine monophosphate
as neurotransmitter 697
Adenylyl cyclase 457
ADH (see antidiuretic hormone)
Adrenal androgens 496
Adrenaline (see also epinephrine and Catecholamines)
Adrenaline (see also noradrenaline)
Adrenergic fibres
to skeletal muscle blood vessels 201
Adrenergic nerve(s)
vasodilator 179
Adrenocorticotropin
(see adrenocorticotropic hormone)
Adrenogenital syndrome 470
After-loaded muscle 527
Agglutinin(s) 89
Agglutinogen(s) 89
Aggression 709
and blood pressure 186
and gut 38
and hearing 652
and meditation 763
and melatonin 478
and resting metabolic rate 383
theories 39
AIDS (see acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
Air, composition of 219
Airway resistance 238
Akroyd, Wallace 379
Albert 524
Albumin/Globulin ratio 47
Albuterol 697
Alimentary canal (see also gastrointestinal tract, and gut)
Alimentary canal
and aging 38
Alkaline phosphatase 368
Alkaline tide 312
Allele(s) 26
Allergy (ies) (see also hypersensitivity)
Almqist 379
Alpha motor neuron (see motor neuron, alpha), 676
Alpha receptors (see adrenergic receptors)
Alpha waves
of EEG 725
Alpha-actinin 536
Alpha-gamma coactivation 677
ALT 368
Altitude
effect on atmospheric pressure 219
Altutude, high (see high altitude)
Alveolar cells, type 2 236
Alveolar pressure 234
Alveolar ventilation 221
Alveolar-capillary membrane 223
Alveolus 218
Amacrine cells
neurotransmitter 584
Amenorrhea
lactational 502
Aminopeptidase 336
Ammonia buffer
in kidneys 439
Ammonia synthesis
in kidneys 439
Amylase 332
aetiological classification 60
blood flow 168
chemoreceptor stimulation 249
classification 60
folic acid deficiency 62
megaloblastic 62
murmur 168
pernicious 62
vitamin B12 deficiency 62
Anaemic hypoxia 257
Anaphase 21
Anaphylactic shock 190
Androgen (see also testosterone)
Androgen-binding protein 489
ANF (see atrial natriuretic factor)
Angina pectoris 158
Angiotensin converting enzyme 469
Anisocytosis 64
Anovulatory cycles 497
ANS (see autonomic nervous system)
Antagonistic muscles 679
Anterior pituitary (see pituitary)
Anterolateral system 591
absorption
in infants 336
cellular origin 78
fluorescent 82
induction 80
monoclonal 79
production 79
specificity 78
structure 75
(see also immunoglobulins)
Anticholinesterase(s) 696
Anticoagulant(s) 97
Anti-D
for Rh incompatibility 87
Antidromic conduction 180
Anti-inflammatory agents 469
effect of melatonin 479
glutathione peroxidase 408
selenium 408
vitamin A 398
vitamin C 404
vitamin E 399
Antiport 32
Antithrombin III 97
Antropancreatic reflex 327
Aortic valve incompetence 141
Aortic valve regurgitation 141
Aortic valve stenosis 141
APC (see antigen presenting cell)
Aphasia(s) 732
Aplysia 732
Apneusis 243
Apneustic centre 243
Apoferritin 341
Apoptosis 86
Aqueduct of sylvius 568
Aqueous humor 614
Aqueous tension 217
Arabian science 6
Arachidonic acid 391
Arachnoid mater 568
Arcuate fasciculus 732
Area postrema 572
Arginine vasotocin 730
Argyll Robertson pupil 629
Arteriovenous shunt(s)
effect on PO2 and PCO2 255
Artificial kidney 444
Artificial respiration 261
Ascites 191
Ascorbic acid (see also vitamin C) 404
Ashtanga yoga 747
Aspartate 584
Asphyxia 260
Assimilation 293
Associative learning 734
AST 368
Asthma, bronchial 239
Astigmatism 617
AT III (see antithrombin III)
ATP (see adenosine triphosphate)
ATPase, Na/K 118
ATPS 220
Atrial extrasystole 148
Atrial flutter 149
Atrial septal defect 207
Atrial tachycardia 149
Attenuation
of bacteria 72
Auditory cortex 648
Auditory function
evaluation 652
Auditory nerve 645
Auerbach, Leopold 300
Automaticity
of cardiac muscle 133
Autonomic control
role of hypothalamus 709
Autonomic effects 698
Autonomic functions
role of reticular formation 728
effect on smooth muscle 538
effect on the heart 164
to blood vessels 174
to cerebral blood vessels 196
to coronary arteries 156
to heart 174
to male genitalia 491
to urinary bladder 447
Autosomal trait 25
Autosomes 20
AV node (see atrioventricular node)
Avery 26
Avery Jones, Francis 320
Avicenna 6
Avogadro's hypothesis 216
Axillary temperature 269
Axon hillock 578
Axonal transport 20
Axonotmesis 513
B
B cells 472
B cells (see also B lymphocytes) in the gut 355
Bacon, Roger 6
Bacteria
commensals 71
Bainbridge 177
Balanced diet 412
Band cell 66
Banting FG 473
Bard, Phillip 712
Barr body 485
Basal acid output
of stomach 358
Basal metabolic rate (see also metabolic rate and resting metabolic rate)
Basti 758
BAT (see brown adipose tissue)
BBB (see blood-brain barrier)
Beaumont, William 317
Behavioural adaptation 270
Bel 635
Bell, Alendander Graham 635
Bends (see decompression sickness)
BER (see basal electrical rhythm)
Berger rhythm 725
Berger, Hans 725
Beta receptors (see adrenergic receptors)
Beta waves
of EEG 725
Beta-carotene 398
Beta-endorphin (see endorphin)
Beta-estradiol (see estradiol)
Betz cells
neurotransmitter 584
Bezold-Jarisch reflex 177
Bhakti yoga 748
Bicarbonate buffer 436
Bicarbonate pump
in cornea 615
Biggs 98
Bile salt stimulated lipase 417
Biliverdin 55
Biological clock 710
Biological transport (see transport)
Biological value of proteins 396
Biotin 402
Biphasic potential 533
Birth control 502
Bitot spots 398
Bleeding time
Blood-aqueous barrier 613
at high altitude 285
cerebral 196
coronary 156
intestinal 199
laminar 168
lungs 193
effect of gravity 193
muscle 201
physical principles 166
pulmonary
during exercise 548
renal 200
resistance 168
skeletal muscle
in exercise 545
splenic 197
through the gut 298
through uterus 204
turbulent 168
velocity 166
Blood pressure (see also hypertension)
effect of ADH 462
effect of age 186
effect of vasopressin 462
factors affecting 184
in exercise 547
normal limits 186
normal range 186
regulation 426
Blood products 92
Blood substitutes 92
Blood sugar (see blood glucose)
Blood-testis barrier 489
Blundell, James 88
BMR (see basal metabolic rate)
Body fluids (see fluids)
Body surface area
calculation 159
Body temperature
(see temperature)
Body water (see total body water)
Boerhaave, Herman 5
Bohr equation 254
Bomb calorimetry 375
Bone marrow 70
Bone modeling 399
Borg scale 554
Boussingault 378
Boveri 24
Bowman, William 427
Bowman's capsule 423
Bowman's membrane 615
Boyle's law 216
Brainstem motor mechanisms 682
Brain weight
species variation 563
Breaking point
for breath holding 259
Breath hydrogen
and intestinal transit 348
Bremer 729
Brobeck, J. 707
Broca's area 732
Bromsulphalein excretion 367
Bronchioles 218
Bronchus 218
Brown adipose tissue
(see also adipose tissue, brown)
Brown adipose tissue
and adaptation to cold 280
Brunner's glands 296
BSP excretion (see bromsulphalein excretion)
BSSL (see bile salt stimulated lipase) 417
Bundle branch block 150
Bundle of His 115
Burkitt, Denis 387
Burnett 379
Butyrate
in the colon 346
BV (see biological value of proteins)
C
C wave (atrial/venous) 138
CAD (see coronary artery disease)
Cajal, Santiago Ramon Y 562
Calciol 399
Calcitriol 467
and muscle fatigue 552
and smooth muscle contraction 539
dietary 406
functions 467
metabolism 467
recommended allowance 412
role in coagulation 96
Calcium channel blockers 128
Caloric nystagus 663
Camel
adaptation to hot environment 276
Canal of Schlemm 611
Capacitance vessels 190
Capacitation 491
Capacities
respiratory 219
Carbaminocompounds 230
Carbaminohaemoglobin 231
Carbohydrate 385
absorption
tests 361
absorption 331
catabolism during exercise 551
digestion 331
fermentation in colon 345
hepatic metabolism 365
Carbohydrate tolerance 388
(see also Glucose tolerance)
Carbon dioxide dissociation curve 231
Carbon dioxide transport 230
Carbonic anhydrase 230
Cardiac (see also Heart)
Cardiac catheterization 139
Cardiac glands 310
Cardiac impulse
conduction 131
Cardiac index 159
Cardiac metabolism 157
Cardioacceleratory centre 175
Cardiogenic shock 190
Cardioinhibitory center 175
Cardiovascular responses
to exercise 545
Cardiovascular system 111
and aging 38
effect of cortisol 468
effect of thyroid 466
effects of yoga 765
innervation 174
Carotenoids 398
Carotid sinus 176
Carrier(s)
mediated transport 29
Cascade 21
Catecholaminergic pathways 713
Catechol-o-methyltransferase 579
Catheterization
cardiac 139
Caudate 689
Caveoli 537
CCK (see cholecystokinin)
Cell culture 22
Cell death 86
Cell junctions 15
Cell mediated immunity
in the gut 356
Cell theory 8
Cellulose (see dietary fibre)
Celsus 376
Central nervous system 563
and temperature regulation 271
effect of hypercapnia 261
effect of hypoxia 261
effect of oxygen toxicity 261
effect of thyroid 466
neuroactive peptides 584
neurotransmitters 583
Centre-surround antagonism 621
Centriole 19
Cereals
amino acid profile 336
Cerebral aqueduct 568
Cerebral asymmetry 739
Cerebral blood vessels
nerve supply 196
Cerebral cortex
and ANS 699
and respiration 244
arousal 729
association areas 634
columnar organization 632
entorhinal 669
layer IV 631
layers 593
limbic 702
motor mechanisms 683
posterior parietal 683
premotor 684
prepyriform 669
primary motor 684
sensory 593
Cerebral edema
at high altitude 286
Cerebrocerebellum 689
Cerveau isole 729
Cervical cap 503
CGP (see circulating granulocyte pool)
Chakras 750
Chalones 68
Charaka samhita 376
Charles’ law 216
CHD (see coronary heart disease)
Cheilosis 401
Chemical regulation (see also regulation)
of cardiovascular function 180
of coronary blood flow 157
of respiration 246
Chemical score of proteins 396
Chemical senses (see taste and Smell)
Chemically gated channels
at neuromuscular junction 518
in smooth muscle 538
on postsynaptic membrane 578
Chemoreceptors
and respiratory regulation 246
aortic body 179
carotid body 179
central 246
foetal 206
Chemoreceptor trigger zone 572
Chemosensitive area 246
Chemotaxis 73
Chewing 303
Chhina GS 766
Chief cells 310
Child
nutrition 416
Childbirth 501
Chloride shift 230
Chloride
absorption of 344
Chokes (see decompression sickness)
Cholecalciferol 399
and biliary secretion 330
and gastric acid secretion 314
and pancreatic secretion 326
as neuroactive peptide 585
Choledochal spincter 328
Choleretic action
of bile satls 365
Cholic acid 365
Choline acetyltransferase 518
Cholinergic fibres
to skeletal muscle blood vessels 201
Cholinergic pathways
in reticular formation 723
Cholinergic receptors (see acetylcholine receptors)
Cholinergic transmission
and aging 39
Chordae tendinae 116
Christmas disease 97
Chromaffin cells 470
Chromatolysis 513
Chronaxie 510
Chylomicrons 337
Cilia (see Cilium)
Cilium 19
Cimetidine 313
Cingulate gyrus 701
Circulating granulocyte pool 66
bronchial 194
cerebral 196
foetal 204
gastrointestinal 298
neonatal 206
placental 204
portal 199
skeletal muscle
in exercise 545
splanchnic 298
systemic 113
uterine 204
Circulatory filling pressure 183
Circulatory overload 90
Circulatory shock (see Shock)
Circumventricular organs 572
Cisterna basalis 568
Cisterna magna 568
Cisterna pontis 568
Clamp current 122
Class switching 80
Cleave TL 387
Climbing fibers 687
Clinical hypertension 716
Clock
endogenous 710
Clonal proliferation 80
Clotting factors 92
CMI (see cell mediated immunity)
CNS (see also central nervous system) 563
Cobalamin (see vitamin B12)
Cochlea 639
Cochlear microphonics 643
Code
genetic 24
Co-dominance 26
Codon 25
Coenzyme Q 40
Cognition 596
Coitus (see sexual intercourse)
Cold exposure
cyanosis in 258
Colloid
in thyroid 464
Colony stimulating factors 67
Colostrum 416
Coma 727
Commensals 71
Communication 20
Compared to auditory pathway 651
Complement 72
Complex cells
in visual cortex 631
Compound action potential 511
Computerised tomography 733
Computers
and brain 566
Conation 596
Concentration
units 33
Conditioned reflex 734
Condom 503
Conduction aphasia 733
Conduction deafness 652
Conduction
saltatory 510
Conduction system
defects 150
Conduction system
of heart 131
Cones 618
Congenital heart diseases 207
Congestive cardiac failure 191
Congestive heart failure 191
Coning 572
Conjugate movements 629
Conn's disease 187
Conn's syndrome 469
Connective tissue
and aging 37
Consensual light reflex 627
Continuous capillaries 169
Contrecoup phenomenon 570
Convergence
in visual pathways 633
Coombs’ test 61
Copernicus 6
Copper-T 503
Cor pulmonale 191
Cordotomy 602
Coronary artery disease (see coronary heart disease)
Corpus albicans 494
Cortex (see adrenal cortex, cerebral cortex, etc.)
Cortical blindness 634
Corticosterone
in fetus 501
Cortisol 468 (see also glucocorticoids)
and cold stress 279
and erythropoiesis 53
and exercise 550
in fetus 501
Coumarin 96
Counter transport 32 (see also transport, coupled)
Countercurrent mechanism
in intestines 299
Coupled transport
of glucose and sodium 332
Cournand, Andre 140
Cousins, Norman 779
Crane, Robert 333
C-reactive protein 73
Creatine phosphate 529
Creatinine
serum level 445
Creatinine clearance 429
CREB (see cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein)
Cretin 466
CRH (see corticotropin releasing hormone)
Crick 24
Critical closing pressure 169
Crosby 341
Cross matching
of blood 90
Crossed extension reflex 680
Cross-over
of chromosomes 25
CRP (see C-reactive protein)
Crystalloid osmotic pressure 172
CSF (see cerebrospinal fluid and colony stimulating factors)
CT (see computerised tomography)
Curd
in lactose intolerance 334
Current of injury 151
Cushing's reflex 197
CVS (see cardiovascular system)
Cyanide 31
Cyanide poisoning
hypoxia in 258
Cyanocobalamin (see also Vitamin B12)
absorption of 339
Cyanosis 258
Cyclic AMP
responsive element binding protein 737
Cytokinesis 21
Cytoprotection
by prostaglandins 321
Cytoskeleton 18
Cytotrophoblast 499
D
D cells 472
Dale's hypothesis 301
Dale's principle 584
Dali, Salvador 729
Dalton's law 217
Dam 379
Damasio Antonio 712
Damasio, Hannah 714
Danielli-Davson model 14
Davidson, Richard 717
de Graff, Reinier 46
Dead time 10
Decartes 714
Decerebrate rigidity 683
Decibel 635
Decidual cells 498
Decompression sickness 288
Deep sleep 727
Defaecation 348
Defecation reflex 351
Defibrillation 149
Deglutition 306
7-dehydrocholesterol 399
Delayed heat 532
Delta sleep 728
Delta sleep-inducing peptide 730
Delta waves
of EEG 726
Dement, William 727
Dementia
senile 39
Dendrite 509
Denervation sensitivity 519
Denis, Jean-Baptiste 88
Dentate gyrus 701
Dentate nucleus 687
Deoxycholate 365
2-deoxy-glucose 707
Deoxyuridine suppression test 64
Depressor area 175
Depth of focus 614
Depth
perception of 633
Descartes 476
Descemet's membrane 615
Desert (see hot environment)
Desmosomes 16
Deuteranomaly 622
Deuteranopia 624
DHA (see docosahexaenoic acid)
Dhauti 758
DHEA (See dehydroepiandrosterone)
DHPR (see dihydropyridine receptors)
DHT (see dihydrotestosterone)
Diabetes
and exercise 551
Diabetes insipidus 462
Diarrhoea
rehydration in 333
Diastasis 139
Dichromats 624
Dicrotic notch (in arterial pulse) 139
Diencephalon 705
Dietary allowance (see recommended dietary allowances)
Dietary requirement(s) 411
Diet-induced-thermogenesis (see thermic effect of feeding)
Differential leucocyte count (see white blood cells, differential count)
Diffusion coefficient 254
Diffusion potential 117
Diffusion 216
defects
hypoxia in 257
facilitated 29
in lungs 254
during exercise 549
of oxygen
in lungs 223
Digestion 293
Digestion (see also absorption and gastrointestinal tract)
and aging 38
of carbohydrates 331
of proteins 335
Digestive system (see gastrointestinal tract)
Digitalis 31
Dihydropyridine receptors 522
Dihydrotestosterone 491
Dihydroxycholecalciferol 467
Diiodotyrosine 464
Diltiazem 128
Dinitrophenol 31
Dipalmitoyl lecithin 237
Dipeptidyl peptidase 336
Diphtheria
hypoxia in 258
Disaccharidases 332
DIT (see diet-induced thermogenesis)
DIT (see diiodotyrosine)
Diurnal rhythm
of melatonin 479
Diving 287
DLC (see differential leucocyte count)
DNA (see deoxyribonucleic acid)
DNP (see dinitrophenol)
Doctor
role in illness 4
Donor
universal 90
Dopaminergic pathways
in reticular formation 723
Dopaminergic transmission
and aging 39
Dorsal column system 590
Dorsal root ganglion 590
Dossey, Larry 781
Drinking behaviour 703
Driving
and backache 543
Drummond, Jack 379
Drumstick 485
Du Bois, Reymond 561
Dumas 378
Duodenum 331
Dura mater 569
Dwarfism 461
D-xylose absorption 361
Dynein 19
Dynorphin 600
(see also enkephalins and endorphins)
Dysphagia
in elderly 38
Dyspnoea point 259
Dyspnoeic index 258
E
E-C coupling (see excitation-contraction coupling)
Eccles, John 581
ECF (see extracellular fluid)
ECG (see electrocardiogram)
Ectopic
impulse in heart 149
Edinger Westphal nucleus 628
EDR (see electrodermal response)
EDTA (see ethylene diamine tetra-acetate)
Edwards, Milne 378
EEG (see electroencephalogram)
EEG silence 727
EETs (see epoxyeicosatrienoic acids)
EFA (see essential fatty acids) 391
Egas Moniz 714
EGF (see epidermal growth factor)
Einthoven's triangle 143
Ejaculatory duct 488
Ejection systolic murmur
in anaemia 168
EKG (see electrocardiogram)
Elasticity 166
Electrocorticogram 725
Electrocution 149
Electrodermal response 766
Electroencephalography
magnetic 733
Electrogenic pump
sodium 118
Electro-oculogram
during sleep 728
Electrophysiology
of heart 127
Electroretinogram 624
Elementary particles 18
Emboliform nucleus 687
EMG (see electromyography)
Emission 491
Encephale isole 729
End arteries 155
End diastolic volume
during exercise 547
End plate 517
End systolic volume
during exercise 547
Endocrine function
of hypothalamus 709,705
Endogenous clock 710
Endolymph 639
Endopeptidase 335
Endorphin(s) (see also enkephalins)
as neuroactive peptide 585
and pain relief 599,600
and exercise 550
Endothelins 181
Endotoxic shock 190
Energy cost of activity (ies) 384
Energy metabolism 381
Energy
cost of breathing 240
for muscle contraction 529
from glycolysis 530
recommended allowance 412
units 375
Enhancer 25
Enteric nervous system 300
Enterochromaffine cells 310
Enterogastric reflex 316
Enterogastrone 316
Enteroinsular axis 474
Enterokinase 335
Entero-oxyntin 316
Enteropancreatic reflex 328
Entorhinal cortex 669
EOG (see electro-oculogram)
Epidermal growth factor 417
Epimysium 514
Epinephrine (see adrenaline)
Epithelium
respiratory 218
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids 197
EPSP (see excitatory postsynaptic potential)
Ercalciol 399
ERG (see electroretinogram)
Ergocalciferol 399
Ergonomics 543
Ergot 699
Erlanger 161
Error catastrophe theory 39
Erythroblastosis foetalis 91,248
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 780
Erythrocytes 31
(see also red Blood cells)
Eserine 520
Esophageal pressure 237
Essential fatty acids 391
ET (see endothelins)
Ethylenediamine tetra-acetate 97
Eukaryotes 18
Euthyroidism 466
Evoked unit activity
(see evoked potentials)
Evolution
of excretory system 423
of life 14
of nervous system 562
of organ systems 9
of respiratory system 215
of the eye 612
and blood pressure 184
and melatonin 479
and metabolic rate 383
and target heart rate 554
and temperature regulation 270
at high altitude 285
blood flow 168
cardiovascular responses 545
electrocardiography 158
endocrine responses 550
energy supply 529
fuel supply 530
intensity 554
J-receptor stimulation 245
metabolic adjustments 551
muscle blood flow 201
oxygen debt 530
prescription 553
respiration during 223
respiratory responses 548
role of J-receptors 178
skeletal muscle blood flow 545
skeletal muscle responses 549
training (see physical training)
yogic 555
Exercise test 256
Exocytosis 20,518
Exopeptidase 335
Exophthalmos 466
Expiration 234
Expiratory neurons 243
Expiratory reserve volume 220
External ear 636
Exteroceptors 586
Extracellular fluid 101
Extraocular muscle 611,629
Extrinsic factor 63
Extrinsic system
of coagulation 96
Eye (see also vision)
structure 610
Eye movements 629
F
F Cells 472
F1 particles 18
FABP (see fatty acid binding protein)
Fabricius 5
Facilitated diffusion (see diffusion, facilitated)
Factor(s)
coagulation 95
Faecal fat 361
Faecal nitrogen 362
Fallopian tube 493
Fallot
tetralogy of 207
Fasciculation 534
Fastigial nucleus 687
Fats (see also Triglycerides and other individual fats)
animal 390
saturated 390
unsaturated 390
vegetable 390
body 390
dietary 390
Fatty acid binding protein 337
Fear 701,709
Feedback (see also negative feedback and positive feedback)
Feeding behaviour 709
Feeding centre 707
Fenestrated capillaries 169
Fermentation
in colon 345
Ferritin 341
Fetoplacental unit 500
Fetus 499
Fibre (s)
Purkinje 115
Fibre (see dietary fibre, nerve fibres, muscle fibres)
Fibrin 95
Fibrinogen 47,95
Fibroblasts 67
Fick 378
FIGLU excretion 64
Filariasis
oedema in 170
Filtration (see also glomerular filtration)
First degree heart block 150
First heart sound (see heart sound)
Flagellum 19
Flatus 346
Flaxedil 520
Flemming 24
Flexion reflex 680
Flocculation tests 367
Flocculonodular lobe 687
Flosdorf 47
Flow-volume curve
respiratory 251
Fluid mosaic model 14
Fluorescent antibody technique 82
Fluoride 31
Fluorine 409
Flutter
atrial 149
Foetal circulation 204
deficiency 62
Follicular phase (see menstrual cycle)
Food intake
role of hypothalamus 707
Foramen of Magendie 569
Foramen ovale 205
Foramina of Luschka 564
Foramina of Monro 568
Force-velocity relationship
in skeletal muscle 529
Forel, August 562
Formiminoglutamic acid excretion 64
Forssmann, Werner 140
Fourth heart sound (see heart sound)
Fowler's method
for dead space 253
Frank-Starling mechanism 163
Free fatty acids
mobilization 461
FSH (see follicle stimulating hormone)
Fulton, J. 707
Fundus examination
importance 572
Funk 379
Funny current 129
Furosemide 433
Fuzzy coat 331
G
G0, G1, G2 phases 52
G1 phase 21
G6PD deficiency (see glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency)
GABA (see gamma aminobutyric acid)
GAD (see glutamic acid decarboxylase)
Galanin 708
Gallamine 520
Galvani, Luigi 561
Galvanic skin response 766
Gametes
male 488
Gamma globulins (see globulins, gamma)
Gamma motor neuron(s) 676
Gap cycle 52
Gap junctions 15
Gas equation 216
Gas laws 215
Gastric emptying 316
Gastric function tests 358
Gastric glands 310
Gastric motility 350
Gastric phase
of pancreatic secretion 327
Gastric secretion
cephalic phase 314
gastric phase 314
intestinal phase 315
of acid 310
regulation of
history of 317
Gastrocolic reflex 351
Gastrointestinal hormones (see individual hormones)
as neuroactive peptides 585
Gastrointestinal tract (see also digestion gut, and alimentary canal)
blood flow 298
innervation 300
secretions 293
structure 296
G-CSF (see granulocyte-colony stimulating factory)
Generator potential 587
Genetic code 24
Genetic factors
and peptic ulcer 322
Genetic profile 27
Genetic theory of aging 39
Genetics
and immunity 86
Genotype 27
Germ-free animals 347
GFR (see glomerular filtration rate)
GH (see growth hormone)
GHRH (see growth hormone releasing hormone)
Gigantism 461
Gill withdrawal reflex 734
GIT (see gastrointestinal tract)
Gland(s)
endocrine 451
Glans penis 491
Glaucoma 612
Glia (see neuroglia)
Globose nucleus 687
Glomerulotubular balance 430
Glomerulus
renal 424
Glomus cells 246
Glossitis 401
Glucoreceptors
in hypothalamus 707
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency 61
Glucose tolerance
and exercise 551
Glutamate, 584
Glutamic acid decarboxylase 584
Glutamine
in kidneys 439
Glycaemic index 386
Glycine 584
14C-glycine-bile acid test 362
Glycolysis
aerobic 530
during exercise 551
effect of insulin 472
effect of thyroxine 465
energy yield 530
GM-CSF (see Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor)
GnRH (see Gonadotropin releasing hormone)
Gogli, Camillo 16
Goitre 466
Goitrogens 408
Gold thioglucose 707
Golden age 4
Goldstein, Avram 600
Golgi complex 16
Golgi, Camillo 561
Gonadotropins 486
Gossypol 503
Gowans 78
G-protein(s) 470
Gram-negative shock 190
Granick 341
Granule cells
neurotransmitter 584
Granulocytes 17
Graves’ disease 466
Gravity
effect on pulmonary blood flow 193
Growth factors 417
GSR (see Galvanic skin response)
Gustatory sense (see Taste)
Gut (see Gastrointestinal tract, and Alimentary canal)
H
H band 514
H reflex (see Stretch reflex)
H2 histamine receptors 313
Haeckel 24
Haemodialysis 444
as a buffer 437
at high altitude 284
catabolism 55
glomerular filtration 434
in foetus 248
in newborn 248
role in carbon dioxide transport 230
(see also erythropoiesis, leucopoiesis and thrombopoiesis)
extramedullary 64
Haemostasis 95
Haploid 25
Hapten 75
Hargitay 427
Hath yoga 746
Haustra 351
hCG (see human chorionic gonadotropin)
HCN channels 130
HCO3− ATPase 311
HCS (see somatomammotropin)
Head's paradoxical reflex 245
Health 3
Heart 109
and aging 38
blood supply 155
conduction system 115
conduction tissue 115
defects 150
electrical axis 146
Frank-Starling mechanism 163
innervation 174
murmur (s) 141
nutrition and metabolism 155
pacemaker 115
reflexes 179
transplanted 555
vagal tone 175
diseased 141
Heart block 150
Heart disease
congenital 207
Heat (see hot environment)
Heat cramps 277
Heat exhaustion 277
Heat production
in muscle 531
Heat stroke 277
Heat syndromes 277
Heidenhain, Rudolf 427
Helicotrema 639
Helium dilution method
for FRC 252
Helper T cells 83
Hemianopia 627
Henry's law 217
Heparan sulphate 97
Hering-Breuer reflex 244
Herniation
of medulla oblongata 572
Hess 699
Heterosomes 20
Heterozygous 23
Hewson, William 46
Hiccup 248
High altitude
acclimatization to 284
and intrauterine environment 249
and respiratory function 283
effects of 283
High altitude pulmonary edema 286
High output cardiac failure 191
Himsworth 388
His, Wilhem 562
Histamine
for gastric function 359
Histamine receptors
H2 type 313
History 4
beriberi 63
of acetylcholine 176
of blood 46
of lysozyme (s) 611
of neural transmission 176
of neurobiology 561
of nutrition 375
of phagocytosis 73
of regulation of gastric secretion 317
of renal physiology 427
of scurvy 377
of stethoscope 140
of vitamin K 379
of vitamin C 377
of vitamins 379
pernicious anaemia 63
Histotoxic hypoxia 257
HIV virus 87
Hodgkin 121
Hollander test 359
Homing
of lymphocytes 354
Hooker 161
Hookworm
iron loss 407
Hopkins 379
Hormonal regulation (see also regulation)
of cardiovascular function 180
Hormone response element 456
Hormones (see also individual hormones) 451
and aging 39
placental 500
sex 486
steroid 500
transport 48
HRE (see hormone response element)
5-HT (see 5-hydroxytryptamine)
Hubel 631
Hudspeth 642
Hughes, John 600
Human chorionic somatomammotropin
(see somatomammotropin)
Human genome project 27
Humoral immunity
in the gut 355
Humoral regulation (see regulation)
Humors 45
Hunter, John 318
Hunting reaction
of Lewis 279
Huxley 121
Hydrocephalus 572
Hydrochloric acid
secretion by stomach 310
Hydrogen
breath 348
Hydrolysis 519
Hydroxycholecalciferol 467
Hyperaldosteronism
oedema 170
Hyperbaric oxygen 261
Hypercapnia
of respiratory failure 260
Hypercolumns
in visual cortex 632
Hypercomplex cells
in visual cortex 632
Hyperphagia 707
Hyperpnoea
during exercise 549
Hypersensitivity 469
Hypersplenism 61
Hypertonic solution 34
Hypertrophy
of ventricles 152
Hypophysis (see pituitary)
Hypopolarization 119
Hypoproteinemia 363
Hypothalamic hormones
as neuroactive peptides 585
Hypothalamo-hypophysial axis
and aging 39
Hypothalamus 705
and ADH secretion 104
and ANS 699
and sleep 730
as part of limbic system 701
and temperature regulation 271
and thirst 103
and water intake 103
hormones 460
osmoreceptors 462
periventricular zone 702
Hypothermia 280
Hypotonic solution 34
Hypoventilation
hypoxia in 257
Hypovolemia 188
I
I band 514
ICF (see intracellular fluid)
ICSH (see interstitial cell stimulating hormone)
IGF-I (see insulin-like growth factor-I)
IgG
in liver disease 356
IL-1 (see Interleukin-1)
IL-2 (see Interleukin-2)
IL-3 (see Interluekin-3)
IL-5 (see Interleukin-5)
Ileogastric reflex 351
Ileum 331
Imitative learning 734
Immunity
acquired 75
and aging 37
and breastfeeding 417
and melatonin 479
cell mediated 76
humoral 75
in newborn 36
innate 71
vs. acquired 71
regulation 84
role of lungs 195
role of lymphatics 170
specific 75
Immunization to gut antigens 356
Immunoassay 82
Immunoblotting 82
Immunohistochemistry 82
Immunosuppression
effect of glucocorticoids 469
IMP (see intramembrane particles)
Impedance matching
in ear 637
IMS (see inner membrane spheres)
IMX (see isobutyl methylxanthine)
Incisura (in arterial pulse) 139
Inclusions
cellular 20
Incompetence
of heart valves 141
Incus 637
Indian science 7
Indices
haematological 50
Indocyanine green excretion 367
Indomethacin 321
Inducer 25
Infancy (see also Newborn, Neonate, Childhood)
blood-brain barrier 573
Infection(s)
opportunistic 71
Inferior colliculus 647
Inflammation
effect of glucocorticoids 469
Initial heat 532
Inner ear 639
Inner membrane spheres 18
Innervation
renal 425
Inositol triphosphate 539
Insecticide poisoning 520
Inspiration 233
Inspiratory capacity 220
Inspiratory neurons 242
Inspiratory reserve volume 220
and exercise 551
and pancreatic secretion 328
as neuroactive peptide 585
for gastric function 359
receptors 388
Insulin-like growth factor-I 460
Integral yoga 749
Intercalated cells
in kidneys 439
Intercellular 20
Intercostal reflexes 245
Interferon(s) 73
Interleukin-2 80
Interleukin-5 68
Internal environment 101
Interoceptors 586
Interphase 21
Interpleural pressure 234
Interstitial cells 488
Intervertebral disc 541
Intestinal absorption (see absorption)
Intestinal blood flow 199
Intestinal microflora 365
Intestinal phase
of pancreatic secretion 327
Intestointestinal reflex 351
Intracellular fluid 101
Intracranial pressure 571
Intraepithelial lymphocytes
in the gut 354
Intraesophageal pressure 237
Intrafusal fibres 676
Intragastric titration 358
Intramembrane particles 297
Intraocular pressure 612
Intrapleural pressure 235
Intrapulmonary pressure 234
Intrauterine contraceptive device 503
Intrinsic system
of coagulation 96
Inulin clearance 429
Iodo acetate 31
IPSP (see inhibitory postsynaptic potential)
Iris 610
Iron lung 262
Irreversible shock 190
Irritant receptors
respiratory 245
Ischemic response, CNS 179
Islets of Langerhans 472
Isobutyl methylxanthine
and gastric acid secretion 313
Isohydric principle 442
Isometric relaxation
of ventricle(s) 139
Isoniazid
interaction with pyridoxine 403
Isoprenaline 697
Isoproterenol 697
Isotonic contraction 526
Isotonic solution 34
Isovolumetric contraction
(see isometric contraction)
Isovolumetric relaxation
(see isometric relaxation)
IUCD (see intrauterine contraceptive device)
J
J chain
of IgA 355
James, William 712
Jejunum 331
Jenner, Edward 72
Jet lag 480
JGA (see juxtaglomerular apparatus)
Jnana yoga 748
JND (see just noticeable difference)
Just noticeable difference 595
Juxtaglomerular cells 469
Juxta-pulmonary capillary receptors 178
K
Kandel, Eric 734
Kapalabhati 758
Karma yoga 748
Karvonen equation 554
Keshan disease 408
Khorana, Hargobind 24
Kidney 423
action of ADH 462
and acid-base balance 437
and parathyroids 467
and vitamin D 467
and vitamin D metabolism 399
artificial 444
erythropoietin production 53
failure (see renal failure)
function tests 445
transplantation 445
Kininogens 181
Kinins 181
Kinocilium 658
Kleitman, Nathaniel 727
Kluver-Bucy syndrome 703
Korsakoff's psychosis 703
Kosterlitz, Hans 600
Krebs cycle
enzymes 18
Kriyas 758
Kuhn, Werner 427
Kundalini 750
Kupffer cells
function 356
Kymograph 5
L
Labelled line code 595
Labyrinthine reflexes 662
Lacrimal glands 610
Lactic dehydrogenase 368
Lactoferrin 417
Lactase deficiency
tests for 361
Lactose tolerance tests 361
Laennec, Rene 140
Landois 88
Landsteiner, Karl 88
Landsteiner's law 89
Lange, C.G. 712
Langerhans
islets of 472
Lashley 738
Lateral hypothalamus
and food intake 707
Lateral lemniscus 647
LBBB (see left bundle branch block)
LDH 368
LDL (see low density lipoprotein)
Lecithin 390
Left axis deviation 147
Left bundle branch block 151
Left ventricular hypertrophy 152
Lerner AB 476
Leucine hypothesis 401
Leucocytes (see also white blood cells) 67
Leucocytes
in menstrual blood 497
Leucopoiesis 66
Lewis’ hunting reaction 279
Leydig cells 488
LFT (see liver function tests)
LGN (area 17) 717
LH (see luteinizing hormone)
Libido 495
Liebig 378
Lifespan
of platelets 94
Light reflex 627
Lind, James 377
Linoleic acid 391
Lipid
digestion 417
Lipogenesis 472
Lippe's loop 503
Lithocholate 365
Liver
and coagulation 96
and vitamin D 467
biliary secretion 328
enlargement 191
function in elderly 38
function in newborn 36
immune function 356
physiological reserve 38
propionate metabolism in 346
Loewi, Otto 176
Long-term memory 738
Long-term potentiation 738
Loop of Henle (see Henle, loop of)
Low density lipoprotein 393
Lower, Richard 88
LTP (see long-term potentiation)
L-tubules 515
L-type channels 128
Lumbar puncture 571
Lung (see also respiration)
and aging 37
blood flow 193
capacities 219
during exercise 548
function tests 250
immune mechanisms 195
volumes 219
Lunin 379
Luschka
foramina of 564
Luteal cells 494
Luteal phase (see Menstrual cycle)
LVH (see left ventricular hypertrophy)
Lymphatics 170
Lymphopoiesis 69
M
M cells 355
m RNA (see ribonucleic acid, messenger)
Macroglia 574
Macrophage 80
Macrophage-colony stimulating factor 67
Macula densa 425
Macula lutea 610
Magendie
foramen of 569
Magendie, Francois 5
Magnetoencephalography 733
Magoun 729
Maintenance heat 532
Malabsorption
tests for 360
Malathion 520
Malignancy (see cancer)
oedema in 170
Malleus 637
Malpighian body 424
MALT (see mucosal associated lymphoid tissue)
Maltase 332
Mammary gland (see breast)
MAO (see maximal acid output, or Monoamine oxidase)
Marginal granulocyte pool 66
Mass peristalsis 351
Mastication 303
Maximal acid output 359
Maximum breathing capacity
(see maximum voluntary ventilation)
Maximum expiratory flow rate 250
Maximum mid expiratory flow rate 250
MBC (see maximum breathing capacity)
Mc Carrison, Robert 379
Mc Carty 24
MCH (see mean corpuscular haemoglobin)
MCHC (see mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration)
McLeod 24
M-CSF (see macrophage-colony stimulating
factor
MCT (see medium chain triglycerides)
MCV (see mean corpuscular volume)
Mean blood pressure 183
Mean circulatory filling pressure 183
Mean corpuscular haemoglobin 50
Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration 50
Mean corpuscular volume 50
Mechanics
of breathing 233
Mechanoelectric transduction
in the ear 643
Medial forebrain bundle 702
Medial geniculate body 647
Medical curriculum 5
Medulla oblongata
respiratory neurons 242
MEG (see magnetoencephalography)
Megakaryocyte 94
Megaloblastic anaemia 403
Meissner, George 300
Meissner's corpuscle 586
Meissner's plexus 301
Melanin 462
Melatonin 476
actions 479
and cancer 480
and immunity 479
and sleep 480
biosynthesis 477
circadian rhythm 478
effects of yoga 767
Melzack, Ronald 598
Membrane attack complex 73
Membrane potential 117
(see also resting membrane potential and action potential)
Menaquinone 400
Menarche 493
Mendel, Gregor 22
Meninges 568
Menopause 496
MEPP (see miniature end plate potentials)
Merkel's disc 586
Metabolic acidosis
during hypothermia 281
Metabolomics 27
Metallothionein 342
Metamyelocyte 66
Metaphase 21
Metarteriole (s) 166
Metchnikoff 73
Methacholine 697
Methylmalonate excretion 64
Metoprolol 697
MGP (see marginal granulocyte pool)
MHC (see major histocompatibility complex)
Microflora
of the gut 347
Micropuncture 427
Microsomes 16
Microtubules 19
Micturition 447
Middle ear 636
Mifepristone (see RU486)
Migrating motor complex 350
Milledge, J.S. 283
Milner, Peter 702
Mind-body relationship 769
(see also mind-body medicine, and psychoneuroimmunology)
Minerals
absorption 340
Minute volume 221
MIT (see monoiodotyrosine)
Mitral incompetence 141
Mitral regurgitation 141
Mitral stenosis 141
MMC (see migrating motor complex)
MMFR (see maximum mid expiratory flow rate)
Monoamine oxidase 579
Monochromats 624
Monoiodotyrosine 464
Monophasic potential 533
Monounsaturated fats 391
Monro
foramina of 568
Mood
and melatonin 480
Morris, Desmond 717
Moruzzi 729
Mossy fibers 687
Mother Teresa 716
Motion sickness 662
Motor aphasia 733
Motor area
speech 732
Motor end plate (see end plate)
Motor mechanisms
Motor nerve 517
Motor system 675
Motor unit potential 532
Mountain sickness 286
MPS (see macrophage phagocytic system)
MRI (see magnetic resonance imaging)
MSH (see melanocyte stimulating hormone)
Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue 77
Mucosal block theory
of iron absorption 342
Mucous cells 310
Mucus
protective role in stomach 320
Mudd 47
MUFA (see monounsaturated fats)
Muller, Johannes 5
Muller-Lyer lines 767
Multi-CSF 67
MUP (see motor unit potential)
Muramyl dipeptide 730
Murphy, William 63
Muscarine 697
Muscarinic receptors 312
Muscle (s)
and homeostasis 507
antagonistic 679
contraction 20
during exercise 549
hyperplasia 550
papillary 116
pump 171
Muscle blood flow 201
Muscle length
regulation of 764
MVV (see maximum voluntary ventilation)
Myasthenia gravis 520
Myelin 510
Myelinated nerve fibres 510
Myeloblast 66
Myelocytes 66
Myeloid/erythroid ratio 70
Myocardial metabolism 157
Myoepithelial cells
effect of oxytocin 463
Myofibrils 514
Myofilaments 514
Myoneural junction
(see neuromuscular junction)
Myopia 616
Myxedema 466
N
Na, K-ATPase
renal 431
Nadis 750
National Institute of Nutrition
history of 379
Natural killer cells 73
Nauli 758
Neck reflexes 683
Neher 124
Neonatal circulation 206
Neonate (see Newborn)
nutrition 416
Neoplasia (see Cancer)
Nernst equation 117
Nerve fibre 509
A-delta 597
C 598
degeneration 513
fast pain 597
injury 513
motor 517
myelinated 510
regeneration 513
Nerve gases 520
Nerve injury(ies) 513
Nervi erigentes 351
Nervous system (see also central nervous system)
and aging 39
and endocrine system 584
effect of thyroid 466
effects of yoga 766
evolution 562
history 561
motor functions 675
sensory function 586
structural organization 563
Net protein utilization 396
Neti 758
Neural control
of micturition 448
Neural regulation
of temperature 271
Neural
growth 35
Neurobiology
history 561
Neurocrine 20
Neuroendocrine function
of hypothalamus 705
Neuroendocrine regulation
of immune response 85
Neuroendocrine
responses to emotions 713
Neurogenic shock 190
Neuroma 513
Neuromuscular blocking agents 519
Neuronal doctrine 563
Neuropraxia 513
Neurotmesis 513
Neurotransmitter(s) 20
and sleep 730
central 583
criteria for 583
in reticular formation 723
modulation of 738
of Purkinje cells 688
transport 20
Nexus 16
Niacin 401
Nicotinamide 401
Nicotine 696
Nicotinic acid 401
Night blindness 398
Nigrostriatal pathway 691
Nirenberg 24
Nissl granules 513
Nitrogen balance
method for protein quality 395
Nitrogen narcosis 288
Nitrogen toxicity 288
Niyama 747
NK cell (see natural killer cells)
NMDA receptors 739
n-Methyl D-aspartate receptors (see NMDA receptors)
NO (see nitric oxide)
Nociceptors 597
Nodal tissue
electrical activity 129
Non-associative learning 734
Non-local medicine 782
Noradrenaline (see also adrenaline)
Noradrenaline (see also norepinephrine and Catecholamines)
Noradrenergic fibres (see also adrenergic fibres)
Noradrenergic pathways
in reticular formation 723
Norepinephrine (see noradrenaline) 584
Normoblasts 52
NPU (see net protein utilization)
Nucleolus 20
Nucleus (see also under names of individual nuclei) 20
Nucleus
accumbens 701
basalis 584
caudate 689
during mitosis 21
tractus solitarius 730
subthalamic 689
Nutrition Research Laboratories history of 379
Nutrient requirement(s) 411
O
Occlusion 583
Ocular dominance columns 632
Oddi
sphincter of 328
Odours, primary 669
Oestrogens (see also estrogens)and erythropoiesis 53
Olds, James 702
Olfaction 668
Olfactory bulb neurotransmitter 584
Olfactory pathways 668
Oligodendrocytes 575
Olivary complex
superior 647
Olivocochlear fibres 642
Oncogenes 23
Oocytes 493
Operant behavior 734
Operant conditioning 734
Opioids 600
Opponent cells 623
Opsonin 73
Optic chiasma 626
Optic nerve 626
Optic tract 626
Opticokinetic reflex 662
Optokinetic nystagmus 629
Oral temperature 269
Orbitofrontal cortex 669
Organ of Corti 639
Organ systems (see also individual systems)evolution 8
Organelle 16
Organogenesis 20
Orientation columns
in visual cortex 632
Orthopnoea 259
Oscilloscope 509
Ossicles
in middle ear 637
Osteomalacia 399
Otitis media 652
Otoliths 657
Otosclerosis 652
Ovarian cycle 493
Ovaries 493
Overdrive suppression 130
Overload
circulatory 90
Overnutrition
metabolic rate 383
Overweight (see Obesity)
Ovum 493
Oxygen consumptioneffect of thyroxine 465
Oxygen debt 530
Oxygen tent 260
Oxygen therapy 260
Oxygen transport 223
Oxyntic glands 310
P
300 wave
in auditory potentials 655
PRU
(see peripheral resistance units)
P-450 366
Pacinian corpuscle 586
Packed cell volume (see also haematocrit)
Page, Irvine 46
PAH clearance 429
Pancreas (see also pancreatic islets)
and aging 38
endocrine 472
enzymes 325
amylase 332
colipase 337
lipase 337
proteolytic 335
secretion of 325
Pancreatic amylase 332
Pancreatic function tests 358
Pancreatic polypeptide 472
Pancreozymin (see Cholecystokinin)
Panting 271
Pantothenic acid 402
Papez circuit 701
Papez, James 701
Papillary muscles 116
Para-amino hippuric acid clearance 430
Paracrine 20
Parahippocampal gyrus 701
Parallel secretion 328
Parasympathetic activity
during sleep 728
Parasympathetic effects 698
Parasympathetic nerve fibres
for defecation reflex 351
Parasympathetic nerve(s)
and salivary secretion 305
effect on smooth muscle 539
effect on the heart 164
effects on the gut 301
to blood vessels 174
to cerebral blood vessels 196
to coronary arteries 156
to heart 174
to male genitalia 491
to urinary bladder 447
vasodilator 179
Parathion 520
Parathyroid hormone 456
Parathyroids 467
Paraventricular nucleus 705
Parietal cell mass 359
Parkinson, James 691
Parolfactory area 701
Parotid gland 303
Passive transport (see transport, passive)
Pasteur, Louis 72
Patanjali 747
Patch clamp 124
Patent ductus arteriosus 207
Pathway(s) (see also ascending pathways, descending pathways, and individual pathways)
nigrostriatal 691
Patvardhan VN 380
Pavlov 734
PCR (see polymerase chain reaction)
PCV (see packed cell volume)
P-D controller (see proportional-differential controller)
Peak acid output 359
Peck, M. Scott 770
Pegs
in visual cortex 632
Pellagra 402
Pendular movementsintestinal 351
Pepsinogens 316
Peptide hormones 457
PER (see protein efficiency ratio)
Perceived exertion 554
Periaqueductal gray 598
Perifornical area 707
Perimysium 514
Peripheral nervous system 563
Peripheral resistance units 168
Peritoneal dialysis 444
Perivascular space 568
Peroxisomes 17
Pert, Candice 600
PET (see positron emission tomography)
Peyer's patches 354
PF 3 (see platelet factor 3)
pH
normal 435
Phagosome 71
Phantom pain 600
Pharyngoesophageal sphincter
(see upper esophageal sphincter)
Pharynx 218
Phenotype 27
Phenoxybenzamine 697
Phentolamine 697
Phenylephrine 697
Phipps, James 71
Phloridzin 333
Phonocardiography 140
Phosphatidyl inositol 456
Phosphatidyl inositol biphosphate 539
Phospholamban 182
Phospholipase C 539
Phosphorus 406
Photoperiod 478
Phrenic reflex 245
Phylloquinone 400
Physical training 547
effect on cardiac function 547
effects on metabolism 551
effect on muscle function 549
effect on respiratory function 549
endurance 550
strength 550
Pia mater 568
Pill
contraceptive 503
Pilocarpine 697
Pilo-erection 279
Pinna 636
Pinocytosis 20
Pirenzepine
and gastric acid secretion 313
Pituitary hormones
as neuroactive peptides 585
pK
of buffers 436
Planck, Max 380
Plasma membrane 14
(see also cell membrane)
Plasma substitutes 93
Plasmin 96
Plasminogen 96
Platelet aggregation 392
Platelet concentrate 92
Plethysmography
whole body 239
Pleural pressure 235
Pneumothorax 235
Pneumotaxic centre 243
PNI (see psychoneuroimmunology)
Podocyte 424
Poikilocytosis 64
Polydipsia 474
Polymerase chain reaction 28
Polyphagia 474
Polyprotein(s) 584
Polyriboisomes 16
Polysomes 16
Pons
respiratory centres 243
Portal circulation
hepatic 199
Positive feedback
during delivery 501
Positron emission tomography 733
Postabsorptive phase
of pancreatic secretion 328
Posterior parietal cortex 683
Postsynaptic density 576
Post-tetanic potentiation 581
Post-translational modification 25
Postural reflexes 662
Potentiation 313
Power law 595
Precapillary sphincter (s) 166
Precentral gyrus 784
Precipitation 81
Prefrontal leucotomy 714
blood volume in 104
foetal circulation 204
metabolic rate in 383
oedema in 170
placental circulation 204
uterine circulation 204
Pregnenolone
in fetus 500
Prekallikreins 182
Pre-loaded muscle 528
Premotor cortex 684
Preoptic area
and sleep 730
Prepyriform cortex 669
Pressure
alveolar 234
esophageal 237
interpleural 234
intraocular 612
intrapleural 235
intrapulmonary 234
osmotic 48
pleural 235
pulmonary artery 193
transpulmonary 234
PRIH (see prolactin release inhibitory hormone)
Primary motor cortex 684
Procainamide 132
Proerythroblast 52
Profibrinolysin 97
Progeria 40
Proglumide 313
Programmed cell death 86
Projected pain 600
Prolactin release inhibitory hormone 461
Proliferative phase (see menstrual cycle)
Promonocyte 69
Promoter 25
Promyelocyte 66
Propagation
of action potential 509
Prophase 21
Propionate
in the colon 346
Proportional-differential controller 11
Propranolol 697
Propriocepters 586
Proprioceptive control
of breathing 244
Proprioceptive reflex(es)
respiratory 245
Protanomaly 622
Protanopia 624
Protein buffer 436
Protein C 97
Protein efficiency ratio 396
Protein energy malnutrition 170
Protein losing enteropathy 363
Protein(s) 25
absorption 335
tests 362
acute phase 73
C-reactive 73
chemical score 396
complementary 336
fermentation in the colon 346
for children 417
hepatic metabolism 366
in urine 49
plasma 47
quality 395
recommended allowance 412
reference 396
serum level 367
Proteomics 27
Prothrombin 95
Prothrombin
synthesis 405
Prothrombinase 96
Proto-oncogenes 23
Pseudopodia 20
Psychophysiology
of sensation 595
Pteroylglutamic acid (see also folic acid) 403
PTH (see parathyroid hormone)
PUFA (see polyunsaturated fats)
Pulmonary blood flow
during exercise 548
Pulmonary capillaries
fluid exchange 194
Pulmonary function tests 250
Pulmonary stretch receptors 244
Pulse pressure method
for cardiac output 161
Punishment area
in the brain 702
Purinergic fibres 697
Purkinje fibres 115
Purkinje images 628
Putamen 689
Pyloric glands 310
Pyrexia 273
(see also fever and interleukin - 1)
Pyridoxine 402
Pyruvic acid 530
PYY 316
R
Rachitic rosary 399
Rage 709
Rage reaction 703
Raja yoga 746
Ranson 699
Rapid eye movement (see REM sleep)
Rasmussen 593
Rating of perceived exertion 554
RBBB (see right bundle branch block)
RDA (see recommended dietary allowances)
Reactive oxygen species 261
Receptive field 621
Receptive relaxation 307
Receptor potential 586
in vestibule 659
of photoreceptors 620
of rods and cones 620
of visual receptors 620
Receptor(s)
adrenergic 470
atrial 177
dihydropyridine 522
for pain 597
for signaling molecules 20
gastrin 313
H2 histamine 313
muscarinic 312
pleural 244
polymodal 597
ryanodine 522
secretin 326
stretch
pulmonary 244
tracheobronchial 244
visual 618
Receptors, sensory 586
Recipient
universal 90
Reciprocal innervation 680
Recommended dietary allowances 411
Recovery heat 532
Rectal temperature 269
Rectifier channels 128
Red reaction 202
Reduced eye 615
Reduction division 22
Referred pain 600
Reflex(es) (see also individual reflexes)
acoustic 637
antropancreatic 327
Bainbridge 547
Bezold-Jarisch 177
conditioned 734
consensual 627
crossed extension 680
defecation 351
enterogastric 316
enteropancreatic 328
flexion 680
gastrocolic 351
gastroileal 351
gill withdrawal 734
Head's 245
Hering-Breurer 244
in decerebrate animal 662
intercostals 245
intestointestinal 351
labyrinthine 662
light 627
monosynaptic 676
opticokinetic 662
phrenic proprioceptive 245
postural 662
respiratory 244
righting 662
spinal 676
tonic 662
vestibular 661
vestibule-ocular 662
Reflux esophagitis 308
Regeneration
of nerve fibres 513
of acid-base balance 435
of aldosterone secretion 469
of biliary secretion 329
of blood glucose 365
of blood volume 102
of body fluids 102
of cardiovascular function 174
of catecholamine secretion 471
of cerebral blood flow 197
of coronary blood flow 156
of food intake
role of hypothalamus 707
of gastric emptying 317
of gastric secretion 312
of glomerular filtration rate 428
of glucagon secretion 475
of glucocorticoid secretion 469
of granulopoiesis 67
of heart rate 175
of immune response 84
of insulin secretion 474
of iron absorption 341
of leucopoiesis 67
of muscle length 764
of parathyroid secretion 467
of pH 435
of plasma calcium 399
of plasma glucose 474
of pulmonary circulation 195
of salivary secretion 305
of sodium absorption 339
role of hypothalamus 271
of thyroid secretion 466
of urinary volume 103
of vascular lumen 166
of water absorption 339
of water balance 462
role of hypothalamus 708
of water intake 102
Regulation factor 11
Regurgitation
from heart valves 141
Reissner's membrane 639
Relaxation heat 532
Relaxation response 716
Renaissance, European 6
Renal circulation 425
Renal function tests 445
Renal innervation 425
Renal plasma flow 429
Renal threshold
for glucose 430
Renal transplantation 445
Renography 445
Renshaw 679
Reperfusion injury 158
RER (see respiratory exchange ratio)
RES (see reticuloendothelial system)
Research
justification 380
Respiratory exchange ratio (see respiratory quotient)
Respiratory failure 260
Respiratory membrane 223
Respiratory reflexes 244
Respiratory rhythm 243
Resting heat 531
Resting metabolic rate 381
(see also metabolic rate)
pathological variations 383
physiological variations 383
Reticular lamina 639
Reticuloendothelial system
(see macrophage phagocytic system)
Retinohypothalamic pathway 730
Retinol 398
Retraction
of clot 95
Retrograde plasticity factor 739
Reward area
in the brain 702
Rh group
inheritance 89
Rh system 89
Rheobase 510
Rhythm method 502
Rhythmicity
of cardiac muscle 133
Richards Jr, Dickinson 140
Richards, Alfred 427
Right axis deviation 147
Right bundle branch block 151
Right ventricular hypertrophy 153
Righting reflex 662
Rinne's test 653
RISA (see radioiodinated serum albumin)
Rivkees SA 476
RMP (see resting membrane potential)
RMR (see resting metabolic rate)
RNA (see ribonucleic acid)
Robert, Andre 321
Roentgenographic methodfor cardiac output 161
Roman empire 4
Rose Bengal excretion 367
Rough endoplasmic reticulum 16
Roughage (see dietary fibre)
RPE (see rating of perceived exertion)
RPF (see renal plasma flow)
RQ (see respiratory quotient)
RU486 503
Ruffini's nerve endings 586
RVH (see right ventricular hypertrophy)
Ryanodine receptors 522
RyR (see ryanodine receptors)
S
SA node (see sinoatrial node)
Saccades 629
Saccadic movement 662
Sacroplasmic reticulum
in heart 128
SAD (See seasonal affective disorder)
Sadhana 747
Safe period 502
Sakmann 124
Salivary amylase 332
Salivary nuclei 305
Salivatory nuclei 665
Saltatory conduction 510
Sarcolemma 514
Sarcomere 514
Sarcoplasm 514
Sarnoff's family of curves 164
Satellite cells 514
Satiety centre 707
Saturated fats 390
Saturation kinetics 30
Scala media 639
Scala tympani 639
Scala vestibuli 639
SCFA (see short chain fatty acids)
Schilling's test 363
Schleiden 14
Schlemmcanal of 611
Scholastic age 6
Schwabach's test 653
Schwann 14
Sclera 610
SCN (see suprachiasmatic nucleus)
SCUBA diving 289
SDA (see secific dynamic action)
Seasonal affective disorder 480
Sebaceous glands 71
Second degree heart block 150
Second heart sound (see heart sound)
Second messenger 584
Secondary active transport
(see transport, secondary active)
Secondary motor cortex 684
Secretin stimulation test
for pancreatic function 359
and biliary secretion 330
and gastric acid secretion 316
and pancreatic secretion 326
as neuroactive peptide 585
Secretion (s)
in kidneys 428
of hydrogen ions in kidneys 438
of potassium in kidneys 432
of proteins 17
sebaceous 71
Secretory component
of IgA 355
Secretory phase
of menstrual cycle 494
Secretory piece 76
Segmentation 351
Seguin 377
Selenium 408
Self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
(see SCUBA diving)
Self-stimulation 702
Seminiferous tubules 488
Sensitivity of nerve and muscle 510
Sensor 10
Sensorineural deafness 652
Sensory aphasia 733
Sensory area
speech 732
Sensory cortex 593
Septic shock 190
Septum 701
Serotonin (see also 5-hydroxytryptamine)
Serum 47
Serum alanine transaminase 368
Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase 368
Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase 368
Servomechanism 11
Sex chromosomes 20
Sex-linked character 26
SGOT 368
Shakespeare 729
Sharma, K.N. 708
anaphylactic 190
cardiogenic 190
cyanosis in 258
endotoxic 190
gram-negative 190
haemorrhagic 188
hypovolemic 188
hypoxia in 257
irreversible 190
neurogenic 190
septic 190
Short-term memory 738
Shortening heat 532
Sickle cell anaemia 61
Sign language 733
Simple cells
in visual cortex 631
Simple diffusion (see diffusion)
Simple muscle twitch 526
Singer and Nicolson model 14
Singer, Charles 6
Singh, Baldev 766
Sino-aortic nerves 176
Sinus bradycardia 148
Sinus tachycardia 148
Sinus venosus 134
Sinusoidal capillaries
(see sinusoids)
Sinusoids 169
action potential 121
blood flow 201
in exercise 545
compared to cardiac muscle 155
during exercise 549
energy for contraction 529
force-velocity relationship 529
heat production 531
isometric contraction 526
isotonic contraction 526
length-tension relationship 528
mechanical model 524
regulation of strength of contraction
responses to emotions 713
stimulus-response relationship 526
structure 514
tetanus 526
twitch 526
Skinner box 734
Skinner, B.F. 734
Sleep producing substances 730
Sliding filaments
in muscle contraction 524
Slow wave sleep 727
Small intestine 331
Smell 668
Smith, Edward 378
Smith, Homer 429
Smoking
and peptic ulcer 324
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 16
classification 537
electrophysiology 537
excitation-contraction coupling 538
in blood vessels 166
nexus 15
of gastrointestinal tract 349
properties 115
vascular 166
Sneeze 246
Snyder, Solomon 600
Solvent drag 32
Somatic marker hypothesis 712
Somatic motor system
vs. autonomic nervous system 695
Somatic mutation theory 39
Somatomammotropin 500
Somatomedin 417
Sound
measurement 635
Space
swallowing in 307
Spatial speech 733
Spatial summation 582
Special senses
and aging 39
Specific acquired immunity 75
Specific compliance 236
Specific dynamic action (see thermic effect of feeding)
Specificity
of antibodies 78
Spermatids 488
Spermatocytes 488
Spermatogonia 488
Spermatozoa 488
Sperry, Roger 739
Spherocytosis 61
Sphygmomanometry 183
Spike
action potential 120
Spinal motor mechanisms 676
Spine 541
Spinocerebellum 688
Splanchnic blood flow
during exercise 546
Splanchnic nerve
and pancreatic secretion 327
Splenic blood flow 199
SPS (see sleep producing substances)
Squid
giant axon 509
Srikantia 401
Srikantia SG 380
S-T interval 147
St. Martin, Alexis 317
Stagnant hypoxia 257
Stannius ligature(s) 134
Stapedius 637
Stapes 637
Stark, William 378
Starling's heart lung preparation 163
Starling's hypothesis
of fluid exchange 169
Steatorrhea 362
Stem cell 51,
Stenosis
of heart valves 141
Stercobilinogen 56
Steroids 456
Stethoscope
invention of 140
STM (see Short-term memory)
Stokes Adams syndrome 150
Stomatitis angular 401
Strength-duration curve 510
Stress (see also mental stress)
and release of opioids 600
and salivary secretion 309
role of glucocorticoids 468
Stress ECG test 158
Stress relaxation 186
Stria terminalis 702
Striate cortex 631
Striated muscle (see skeletal muscle)
Striatum 689
Subarachnoid space 568
Subcallosal gyrus 701
Subiculum 702
Subliminal fringe 583
Sublingual glands 304
Submandibular glands 304
Substantia gelatinosa 599
Subthalamic nucleus 689
Succinylcholine 520
Suckling 463
Suckling reflex 502
Sucrase 332
Sunshine vitamin 399
Superfemale 485
Superior olivary complex 647
Surfactant 236
Susheela, A.K 410
Susruta samhita 376
Sutton 24
Swammerdam, Jan 561
Sweat glands
nerve supply 271
Sylvius
aqueduct of 568
Symbols
for respiratory physiology 217
Sympathetic
effect on heart 128,130
Sympathetic effects 698
Sympathetic nerve(s)
adrenergic vasodilator 179
and salivary secretion 305
cholinergic 179
effect on smooth muscle 538
effect on the heart 164
to blood vessels 174
to cerebral blood vessels 197
to coronary arteries 157
to heart 174
to hepatic artery 199
to male genitalia 491
to portal vein 199
to renal blood vessels 200
to skeletal muscle blood vessels 201
to splenic blood vessels 199
to sweat glands 271
to urinary bladder 425
vasodilator 179
and cold stress 279
and metabolic rate 270
and pancreatic secretion 327
and temperature regulation 270
Sympatho-adrenal system 94
Symport 32
new 737
Synaptic delay 581,582
Syncytiotrophoblast 499
Syndrome
Stokes Adams 150
Systole 137,113
T
T cells (see T lymphocytes)
t RNA (see ribonucleic acid, transfer)
T3, T4 (see thyroid hormones)
Tachycardia
atrial 149
Tachypnoea 245
Tantra yoga 747
Taste 664
Taste pathways 665
TBW (see total body water)
TDF (see testis-determining factor)
Tea 400
TEA (see thermic effect of activity)
Tectorial membrane 639
Teeth
and fluorine 409
TEF (see thermic effect of feeding)
Teleology 298
Telles, Shirley 766,767
Teloglia 517
Telophase 21
Temperature
and fatigue 553
at ovulation 269
axillary 269
core 269
diurnal variation 269
normal 269
oral 269
rectal 269
in cold environment 279
in hot environment 275
regulation in elderly 39
regulation in newborn 36
shell 269
Tensor tympani 637
Tertiary 307
Testis-determining factor 26
Tetanus 527
Tetany 262
Tetradotoxin 577
Tetraethylammonium 577
Tetraiodothyronine 464
Tetralogy of Fallot 207
Tetrodotoxin 128
TGT (see thromboplastin generation test)
Thalamic syndrome 592
Thalassaemia 61
Thales of Miletos 5
Thermic effect of feeding
and temperature regulation 270
Thermoneutral zone 272
Thermosensitive areas
in the brain 271
Theta waves
of EEG 726
Thiamine 400
Third degree heart block 150
Third heart sound (see heart sound)
Thorndike 734
Thrombin 95
Thrombocytes 94
(see also platelets)
Thrombocytopenia 98
Thrombomodulin 97
Thromboplastin generation test 98
Thrombopoiesis 94
Thrombopoietins 94
THSC (see totipotent haematopoietic stem cells)
Thymol turbidity test 367
Thymus 69
Thymus dependent 80
Thyroglobulin 464
Thyrotropin (see thyroid stimulating hormone)
Thyroxine binding globulin 465
Tidal volume 220
Tight junctions 15
TLC (see total leucocyte count)
TM (see transcendental meditation)
Tm (see tubular transport maximum)
TNF (see tumor necrosis factor)
Tocopherol(s) 399
Tongue
taste buds 664
Tonic labyrinthine reflexes 662
Tonofilaments 16
Tonsils 35
Tonus (see tone)
Tooth paste
fluoride 410
Topographic representation
in motor areas 685
Total body water 101
Total leucocyte count
(see white blood cells, total count)
Total lung capacity 220
Total parenteral nutrition 380
TPN (see total parenteral nutrition)
Trachea 218
Training (see physical training)
Trait
autosomal 25
continuous 26
discontinuous 26
dominant 23
multifactorial 26
recessive 23
sex-linked 26
X-linked 26
Transcobalamin II 340
Transformer function
of middle ear 637
competitive block 30
counter 32
coupled 32
gradient-time 430
non-competitive block 30
passive 29
secondary active 32
Transpulmonary pressure 236
Trataka 758
Treadmill test 256
Treadmill test 158
TRH (see thyrotropin releasing hormone)
Trichromats 622
Triglycerides (see also fats)
dietary 69
Triiodothyronine 464
Triolein tests 362
Triple response 202
Triplet code 24
Tritanomaly 622
Tritanopia 624
Tropomyosin 523
Troponin 523
Trowell, Hugh 387
TSH (see thyroid stimulating hormone)
Tubectomy 503
Tuberculosis 195,225
Tubular load 430
Tubule urinary 425
Tubulin 19
Tumor necrosis factor 67,69
Tumor suppressor genes 23
Turbulent flow 238
Tympanic membrane 636
U
UES (see upper esophageal sphincter)
Ultrafiltration 31
Umbilical cord 204
Undernutrition
metabolic rate 383
Undersea physiology 287
Undescended testes 492
Unit activity
evoked 593
Units
of measurement 32
Universal donor 90
Universal recipient 90
Unsaturated fats 391
Upper esophageal sphincter 306
Ureter(s) 447
Urinalysis 445
Urinary bladder 447
atonic 449
automatic 449
innervations 447
mechanoreceptors 449
neurogenic 449
pressure-volume relationship 448
Urine formation 427
Uterine circulation 204
Uterine cycle 494
Utilization time 510
V
v wave (atrial/venous) 139
VA/Q ratio (see ventilation-perfusion ratio)
Vaccination 72
Vaccine (s) 72,87
VAD (see ventricular assist device)
Vagal tone 175
Vagina 493
Vagus nerve
and pancreatic secretion 327
and taste 665
in the gut 301
and respiratory regulation 244
dorsal motor nucleus 175
neurotransmitter 176
Vagusstoff 176
Valvulae conniventes 331
Valvular defects
cardiac 141
Van Leeuwenhoek, Antoni 8,46
Varicose veins 172
Vas deferens 488,490
Vasa recta 433
Vascular smooth muscle 167
Vasectomy 503
Vasoactive intestinal peptide
as neuroactive peptide 585
Vasoconstriction 167
Vasodilation 166
Vasomotor centre 175,179
Vasovagal attack 185
Vectorcardiography 148
Vedanta 751
Venous pulse 138
Venous return
during exercise 545
Ventilation (see also pulmonary ventilation and alveolar ventilation)
alveolar 221
assessment 251
pulmonary 221
Ventilator 260
Ventricular assist device 116
Ventricular ectopics 149
Ventricular extrasystole 149
Ventricular failure 191
Ventricular fibrillation 149,154
Ventromedial nucleus
and food intake 707
Vergence movements 629
Vermis 687
Vertebral column 541
Vesalius 5,6
Vestibular apparatus 657,682
Vestibular nuclei 658
Vestibular reflexes 661,682
Vestibule (see vestibular apparatus)
Vestibulocerebellum 688
Vestibulo-ocular reflex 662
Vestibulospinal tract 683
Villus/villi 331
VIPergic neurons 351
Virchow-Robin space 568
Vis a fronte 171
Vis a tergo 171
Visceral brain 302
Visceral circulation 298
Visceral functions (see autonomic functions and autonomic nervous system)
Visceral nervous system (see autonomic nervous system)
Visual reflexes 627
Vitamin B1 400
Vitamin B2 401,405
Vitamin B6 402
Vitamin D 399,467
and kidneys 426
as a hormone 405
effect on calcium absorption 342
hydroxylation 426
Vitamin E 399
Vitamin(s) 398
tests 363
history of 379
recommended allowance 413
supplements 404
synthesis by bacteria 347
Vitreous 610
VMC (see vasomotor centre)
Voltage clamp 121
Voltage gated channels (see channels, voltage gated)
at the axon hillock 578
calcium 518,577
in smooth muscle 539
Volumes
respiratory 220
Voluntary muscle (see skeletal muscle)
Von Muralt 267
Von Willebrand's factor 98
vWF (see von Willebrand's factor)
W
Waldeyer Wilhem 562
Walker 427
Wall, Patrick 598
Wallerian degeneration 513
Water absorption
regulation of 339
Water intake
regulation 103
Water vapour pressure 219
Watson 24
WBC (see white blood cells) 66
WBC concentrate 92
Weber's test 653
Weber-Fechner law 595
Weightlessness
swallowing in 307
Wenckebach phenomenon 150
Wernicke's area 732
Western blot 82
White crescentric line 134
White reaction 202
Wiesel 631
Wilson, terminal of 144
Windkessel effect 166
Wirz 427
Wislicenus 378