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Textbook on Professional Trends and Adjustments in Nursing
I Clement
SECTION-1: CONCEPT OF NURSING
1:
Introduction to Nursing
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 DEFINITION
1.3 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING IN INDIA
1.4 SCOPE OF NURSING
CONCLUSION
2:
Origin and Development of Nursing
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 CONCEPT OF NURSING
2.3 ARTS OF NURSING
2.4 PRE-HISTORIC NURSING
2.5 NURSING IN EARLY CIVILIZATION
2.6 EARLY CHRISTIAN ERA
2.7 MIDDLE AGES
2.8 THE DAWN OF MODERN NURSING
CONCLUSION
SECTION-2: NURSING AS A PROFESSION
3:
Nursing as a Profession
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 QUALITIES OF PROFESSIONAL NURSE
3.3 NEW PERSPECTIVES OF NURSING PROFESSION
3.4 CONCEPT OF PROFESSIONALISM IN NURSING
3.5 VALUES OF PROFESSIONAL NURSE
3.6 ROLE OF PROFESSIONAL NURSE
3.7 FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF PROFESSIONAL NURSE
CONCLUSION
4:
Expanded Role of the Nurse
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 CARE GIVER
4.3 CLINICAL DECISION MAKER
4.4 PROTECTOR AND CLIENT ADVOCATE
4.5 CASE MANAGER
4.6 REHABILITATOR
4.7 COMFORTER
4.8 COMMUNICATOR
4.9 TEACHER
4.10 CAREER ROLES
4.11 NURSE EDUCATOR
4.12 ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSE
4.13 CLINICAL NURSE SPECIALIST
4.14 NURSE PRACTITIONER
4.15 ADULT NURSE PRACTITIONER
4.16 FAMILY NURSE PRACTITIONER
4.17 PEDIATRIC NURSE PRACTITIONER
4.18 CERTIFIED NURSE-MIDWIFE
4.19 NURSE ANESTHETIST
4.20 NURSE ADMINISTRATOR
4.21 NURSE RESEARCHER
CONCLUSION
5:
Career Opportunities in Nursing
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 NURSING CAREER
5.3 CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN NURSING
CONCLUSION
SECTION-3: ETHICAL ISSUES
6:
Nursing Ethics
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 DEFINITION
6.3 IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS IN NURSING
6.4 HISTORY OF ETHICS IN NURSING
Nightingale Pledge
6.5 CURRENT ETHICAL GUIDELINES
6.6 NURSING ETHICS
6.7 CODE OF ETHICS
6.8 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES INVOLVED IN NURSING ETHICS
6.9 STATEMENTS OF ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY
6.10 MEANING AND RELATIONSHIP OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND ETIQUETTES
6.11 PROFESSIONAL ETIQUETTES FOR NURSES
CONCLUSION
7:
Code of Ethics in Nursing
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 DEFINITION
7.3 PURPOSES OF CODE OF ETHICS
7.4 FUNCTIONS OF CODE OF ETHICS
7.5 INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF NURSING-CODE OF ETHICS
7.6 AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION CODE FOR NURSE
7.7 CANADIAN NURSES ASSOCIATION CODE OF ETHICS
7.8 HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
7.9 AUTONOMY
7.10 SELF-RESPECT OF HUMAN BEING
7.11 CONFIDENTIALITY
7.12 EQUITY OR FAIRNESS
7.13 ACCOUNTABILITY
7.14 PRACTICE ENVIRONMENTS
Practice Environments Conducive to Safe, Competent and Ethical Care
7.15 APPLICATION OF CODE OF ETHICS IN SELECTED CIRCUMSTANCES
Steps to Address Incompetent, Unsafe and Unethical Care
Nurse Managers, Professional Associations and Client Safety
Consideration in Student-Teacher-Client Relationships
Considerations in Taking Job Action
7.16 PROFESSIONALISM AND CODE OF ETHICS
7.17 SAFE AND UNSAFE PRACTICE SITUATIONS
Addressing Unsafe Practice Issues
Step 1: Identify the Problem
Step 2: Assess the Environment
Step 3: Document the Problem
Step 4: Plan Your Course of Action
Step 5: Implement and Evaluate Your Plan
CONCLUSION
8:
Ethical Issues in Clinical Practice
8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.2 OBJECTIVES OF ETHICS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
8.3 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES RELATED TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
8.4 ETHICAL ISSUES AND VALUE-BASED PRACTICE
8.5 NURSING PRACTICE STANDARDS
8.6 ETHICO-LEGAL ISSUES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Guides for Legal Responsibilities
8.7 SOURCES OF ETHICS IN NURSING
8.8 THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE
8.9 IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE
8.10 STRATEGIES OF NURSING PRACTICE
8.11 ACCOUNTABILITY IN NURSING PRACTICE
8.12 ETHICAL TENSION IN NURSING PRACTICE
CONCLUSION
9:
Ethical Dilemma
9.1 INTRODUCTION
9.2 DEFINITION
9.3 MEANING OF ETHICAL DILEMMA
9.4 TYPES OF ETHICAL DILEMMA IN NURSING
9.5 PROCESS OF AN ETHICAL DILEMMA
9.6 ETHICAL DILEMMA IN NURSING
9.7 ETHICAL DECISION-MAKING
9.8 GUIDELINES FOR MAKING ETHICAL DECISION
Role of Ethical Committee
9.9 NURSING ISSUES RELATED TO ETHICAL DILEMMA
9.10 PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY IN ETHICAL DILEMMA
9.11 NURSES ROLE IN ETHICAL DILEMMA
9.12 CHECKLIST FOR ETHICAL DECISION-MAKING
CONCLUSION
SECTION-4: LEGAL ISSUES
10:
Legal Issues in Nursing
10.1 INTRODUCTION
10.2 TYPES OF LAWS
10.3 COMMON LEGAL ISSUES
10.4 LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF A NURSE
10.5 LEGAL PERSPECTIVES IN NURSING
10.6 LEGAL ISSUES RELATED TO NURSING REGISTRATION
10.7 PATIENTS BILL OF RIGHTS
10.8 STANDARDS FOR BREACH SANCTIONS
Important Practice Standards for Breach Sanctions
10.9 LEGAL SAFEGUARDING OF NURSE
CONCLUSION
11:
Patients’ Bill of Rights
11.1 INTRODUCTION
11.2 GOALS OF PATIENTS’ BILL OF RIGHTS
11.3 AREAS OF PATIENTS’ BILL OF RIGHTS
11.4 PATIENTS’ BILL OF RIGHTS
11.5 WHO-DECLARATION OF PATIENTS’ RIGHTS
11.6 CANCER PATIENTS BILL OF RIGHTS
CONCLUSION
12:
Informed Consent
12.1 INTRODUCTION
12.2 PURPOSE OF INFORMED CONSENT
12.3 REQUIREMENTS OF INFORMED CONSENT
12.4 KEY ELEMENTS OF INFORMED CONSENT
12.5 INFORMED CONSENT IN CLINICAL RESEARCH
12.6 INCAPACITY CRITERIA TO CONSENT
12.7 ELEMENTS OF INFORMED CONSENT IN RESEARCH
CONCLUSION
13:
Negligence and Malpractice in Nursing
13.1 INTRODUCTION
13.2 DEFINITION
13.3 COMMON SOURCES OF NEGLIGENCE
13.4 BREACH OF DUTY
13.5 NEGLIGENCE IN NURSING PRACTICE
13.6 MALPRACTICE IN NURSING PRACTICE
13.7 STANDARDS OF NURSING PRACTICE
CONCLUSION
14:
Public Health Legislations
14.1 INTRODUCTION
14.2 DEFINITION
14.3 SCOPE OF PUBLIC HEALTH LAW
14.4 GOOD SAMARITAN LAW
14.5 IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC HEALTH LAWS
14.6 NEED OF PUBLIC HEALTH LEGISLATIONS
14.7 PUBLIC HEALTH LEGISLATIONS
14.8 Health Management SYSTEM (HMS) ACT
14.9 LAW AND NURSING/MEDICAL PROFESSION
14.10 LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES IN NURSING
Some of the Guidelines for Nurses for their Safe Practice
Legal Responsibilities of Nurse
CONCLUSION
15:
Consumer Protection Act
15.1 INTRODUCTION
15.2 CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT
15.3 IMPORTANT FEATURES OF CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT
15.4 AUTHORITIES INVOLVED IN CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT
15.5 ADVANTAGES OF CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT
15.6 DISADVANTAGES OF CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT
15.7 INDENTITY INSURANCE FOR MALPRACTICE SUITS
15.8 NURSING ASPECTS OF CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT
CONCLUSION
SECTION-5: PROFESSIONAL ADJUSTMENT
16:
Autonomy in Nursing
16.1 INTRODUTION
16.2 MEANING OF AUTONOMY
16.3 DEFINITION
16.4 PRINCIPLES OF AUTONOMY
16.5 CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTONOMY
16.6 AUTONOMY AS ATTITUDE AND STRUCTURE
16.7 AUTONOMY IN NURSING
16.8 THEMES OF AUTONOMY IN NURSING
16.9 SOURCES OF CONSTRAINS IN AUTONOMY
16.10 FACTORS ENHANCE AUTONOMY IN NURSING
Strategies for Enhancing Autonomy and Control Over Nursing Practice
16.11 RESPECT FOR AUTONOMY
16.12 AUTONOMY FOR NURSE PRACTITIONER
CONCLUSION
17:
Accountability in Nursing
17.1 INTRODUCTION
17.2 DEFINITION
17.3 MEANING OF ACCOUNTABILITY
17.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF ACCOUNTABILITY
17.5 DOMAINS OF ACCOUNTABILITY
17.6 ACCOUNTABILITY OF NURSING PERSONNEL
17.7 ACCOUNTABILITY IN NURSING
17.8 WAYS TO MAINTAIN ACCOUNTABILITY
CONCLUSION
18:
Assertiveness in Nursing
18.1 INTRODUCTION
18.2 MEANING OF ASSERTIVE BEHAVIOR
18.3 DEFINITION
18.4 ASSERTIVENESS MODEL
18.5 AIMS OF ASSERTIVENESS
18.6 BENEFITS OF ASSERTIVENESS
18.7 GUIDELINES OF ASSERTIVENESS
18.8 ADVANTAGES
18.9 DISADVANTAGES
18.10 ASSERTIVENESS IN NURSING
CONCLUSION
19:
Discipline in Nursing
19.1 INTRODUCTION
19.2 MEANING OF DISCIPLINE
19.3 ADVANTAGES OF DISCIPLINE
19.4 CAUSES OF INDISCIPLINE IN STAFFING
19.5 DEALING WITH DISCIPLINARY PROBLEMS
19.6 ERRORS IN DISCIPLINE
19.7 MANAGEMENT IN DISCIPLINARY ACTION
19.8 ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF ADMINISTRATOR IN DISCIPLINE
CONCLUSION
20:
Confidentiality
20.1 INTRODUCTION
20.2 DEFINITIONS
20.3 DEFINING KEY TERMS OF CONFIDENTIALITY
20.4 MEANING OF CONFIDENTIALITY
20.5 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF CONFIDENTIALITY
20.6 CONCEPTS CONCERING CONFIDENTIALITY
20.7 TYPES OF CONFIDENTIALITY
20.8 CONFINDENTIALITY IN NURSING
20.9 IMPORTANCE OF CONFIDENTIALITY
20.10 QUALITIES OF A NURSE IN CONFIDENTIALITY
20.11 PRINCIPLES OF CONFIDENTIALITY
20.12 THE CONFIDENTIALITY MODEL
20.13 DISCLOSURE OF HEALTH INFORMATION
Need to Safeguard from Unauthorized Disclosure
20.14 BREACH OF CONFIDENTIALITY
Positive Outcomes
Negative Outcomes
20.15 RESPONSIBILITIES OF A NURSE WITH PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
20.16 CONFIDENTIALITY IS A CHALLENGE
Protecting Patient Privacy and Confidentiality can be a Challenge
Ethics and Standards
20.17 AGENCIES THAT MONITOR PATIENT PRIVACY
20.18 CONFIDENTIALITY AND HIV/AIDS
Other Related Rules Regarding Confidentiality
CONCLUSION
21:
Morale
21.1 INTRODUCTION
21.2 MEANING OF MORALE
21.3 DEFINITION
21.4 MORALE COMPOSED OF 5 W'S
21.5 PRINCIPLES OF MORALITY
21.6 FACTORS INFLUENCING MORALE
21.7 TYPES OF MORALE
21.8 EFFECTS OF HIGH MORALE
21.9 MORALE BUILDING MEASURES
21.10 ADVANTAGES OF GOOD MORALE
21.11 IMPACT OF POOR MORALE
21.12 METHODS OF MEASURING MORALE
CONCLUSION
SECTION-6: TRENDS IN NURSING
22:
Trends in Nursing
22.1 INTRODUCTION
22.2 FACTORS INFLUENCING TRENDS
22.3 ISSUES RELATED TO NURSING PROFESSION
22.4 FUTURE CONCERN FOR NURSES
22.5 EXTENDED ROLE OF NURSE
22.6 TRENDS IN NURSING EDUCATION
22.7 TRENDS IN NURSING PRACTICE
CONCLUSION
23:
Development and Trends in Nursing Education
23.1 INTRODUCTION
23.2 LEVELS OF NURSING EDUCATION
23.3 TRAINING SCHOOL
23.4 COLLEGE OF NURSING
23.5 AUXILIARY NURSE MIDWIFE
23.6 MULTIPURPOSE HEALTH WORKER (F) TRAINING
23.7 FEMALE HEALTH SUPERVISOR TRAINING
23.8 GENERAL NURSING AND MIDWIFERY
23.9 GRADUATE NURSING EDUCATION
23.10 POSTGRADUATE NURSING EDUCATION
23.11 MPHIL AND PhD IN NURSING
23.12 VOCATIONAL NURSING (AT 10+2 LEVEL)
CONCLUSION
24:
Leadership in Nursing
24.1 INTRODUCTION
24.2 DEFINITION
24.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF LEADERSHIP
24.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF LEADER
24.5 QUALITIES OF GOOD LEADER
24.6 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
24.7 IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP
24.8 LEADERSHIP TECHNIQUES
CONCLUSION
25:
Nursing Research
25.1 INTRODUCTION
25.2 DEFINITION
25.3 GOALS OF RESEARCH IN NURSING
25.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF NURSING RESEARCH
25.5 SCOPE OF NURSING RESEARCH
25.6 IMPORTANCE OF NURSING RESEARCH
25.7 OBJECTIVES OF CONDUCTING RESEARCH IN NURSING
25.8 AREAS OF NURSING RESEARCH
25.9 RESEARCH RELATED ACTIVITIES IN NURSING
25.10 NEED OF RESEARCH IN NURSING
25.11 ROLE OF NURSE IN RESEARCH
CONCLUSION
26:
Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
26.1 INTRODUCTION
26.2 DEFINITION
26.3 PURPOSES OF EBP
26.4 STEPS INVOLVED IN EBP
26.5 LIMITATIONS OF EBP
26.6 EVIDENCE-BASED NURSING
26.7 STEPS OF EVIDENCED-BASED NURSING
26.8 BARRIERS TO PROMOTE EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
26.9 IMPACT OF EVIDENCED-BASED NURSING PRACTICE
26.10 IMPACT ON NURSING MODELS AND FRAMEWORKS
26.11 IMPACT ON NURSING EDUCATION
26.12 IMPACT ON NURSING RESEARCH
26.13 PATIENT-CENTERED OUTCOME RESEARCH
26.14 OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
CONCLUSION
27:
Futuristic Nursing
27.1 INTRODUCTION
27.2 NURSING PRACTICE
27.3 NURSING EDUCATION
27.4 NURSING RESEARCH
CONCLUSION
SECTION-7: ISSUES IN NURSING
28:
Independent Nurse Practitioner
28.1 INTRODUCTION
28.2 DEFINITION OF NURSE PRACTITIONER
28.3 SCOPE OF NURSE PRACTITIONER
28.4 ROLE OF NURSE PRACTITIONER
28.5 AREAS OF NURSE PRACTITIONER
CONCLUSION
29:
Holistic Nursing
29.1 INTRODUCTION
29.2 DEFINITION
29.3 HOLISTIC TREATMENT MODALITIES
I. Whole Medical Systems
II. Manipulative and Body-based Practices
III. Body Mind Medicine
IV. Counseling/Psychotherapy
IV. Psychotherapy
V. Biologically Based Therapies
VI. Energy Medicine
29.4 HOLISTIC NURSING PRACTICE
29.5 ROLE OF NURSE IN HOLISTIC NURSING
CONCLUSION
30:
Nursing Standards
30.1 INTRODUCTION
30.2 DEFINITIONS
30.3 MEANING OF STANDARDS
30.4 IMPORTANCE OF STANDARDS
30.5 CHARACTERISTICS OF STANDARDS
30.6 SOURCES OF STANDARDS
30.7 CLASSIFICATIONS OF STANDARDS
30.8 GOOD NURSING STANDARDS
30.9 IMPORTANCE OF STANDARDS
30.10 PURPOSES OF STANDARDS
30.11 PROFESSIONALIZATION OF NURSING
30.12 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STANDARDS
30.13 PRINCIPLES OF NURSING PRACTICE STANDARDS
30.14 PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS AND NURSING PROCESS
30.15 CHARACTERISTICS OF STANDARD
30.16 NURSING PROFESSION AND ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS
30.17 RESPONSIBILITIES OF NURSE IN MAINTAINING STANDARDS
30.18 ANA-STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL PERFORMANCE
30.19 STANDARDS OF CARE
30.20 STANDARD NURSING CARE: AN ASSET
Objectives
Types of Standard Care
Characteristics of Standard Care
CONCLUSION
31:
Transcultural Nursing
31.1 INTRODUCTION
31.2 MEANING OF TRANSCULTURE
31.3 DEFINITION
31.4 CONCEPT OF TRANSCULTURE
31.5 GOALS OF TRANSCULTURAL NURSING
31.6 APPLICATION TO NURSING
31.7 NURSING PROCESS AND ROLE OF NURSE
31.8 CULTURAL COMPETENCE
CONCLUSION
32:
Geriatric Nursing
32.1 INTRODUCTION
32.2 EMOTIONAL CARE OF OLD AGE
32.3 COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS IN OLD AGE
32.4 GERIATRIC NURSING CARE/MANAGEMENT
CONCLUSION
33:
Power and Politics in Nursing
33.1 INTRODUCTION
33.2 TYPES OF POWER
I. Formal Power
II. Personal Power
33.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF NURSING POWER
33.4 POWER AND EMPOWERMENT IN NURSING
33.5 KINDS OF POWER OVER NURSING CARE
33.6 STATE NURSING EMPOWERMENT
CONCLUSION
34:
Cultural Diversity
34.1 INTRODUCTION
34.2 NEEDS OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY
34.3 NURSE ADMINISTATORS ROLE IN CULTURAL DIVERSITY
34.4 CULTURAL DERVISITY IN NURSING PRACTICE
34.5 ROLE OF NURSE IN CULTURAL DIVERSITY
CONCLUSION
35:
Collective Bargaining
35.1 INTRODUCTION
35.2 DEFINITION
35.3 FEATURES AND OBJECTIVES OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
Objectives
35.4 FEATURES OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
35.5 CHARACTERISTICS OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
35.6 LEVELS OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
35.7 ADVANTAGES OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
35.8 FUNCTIONS OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
35.9 PRINCIPLES OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
For Union and Management
For the Management
CONCLUSION
36:
Integration of Nursing Service and Education
36.1 INTRODUCTION
36.2 GOALS OF INTEGRATION
36.3 OBJECTIVES OF INTEGRATION
36.4 ROLE OF NURSE EDUCATOR
36.5 ROLE OF NURSE MANAGER
CONCLUSION
37:
Women Empowerment
37.1 INTRODUCTION
37.2 PROCESS OF EMPOWERMENT
37.3 CAPABILITIES OF EMPOWERMENT
37.4 MODES AND METHODS OF EMPOWERMENT
CONCLUSION
SECTION-8: ADVANCED NURSING SKILLS
38:
Interpersonal Relationship
38.1 INTRODUCTION
38.2 ELEMENTS OF PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION
38.3 PRINCIPLES OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP (IPR)
38.4 IPR SYSTEM IN NURSING
38.5 ESTABLISHMENT OF IPR
38.6 PROBLEMS OF IMPROPER IPR
CONCLUSION
39:
Decision-Making
39.1 INTRODUCTION
39.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF DECISION-MAKING
39.3 DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
39.4 EFFECTIVE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
39.5 STEPS IN DECISION-MAKING
39.6 DECISION-MAKING MECHANISM
39.7 ADVANTAGES OF DECISION-MAKING
39.8 HUMAN FACTORS IN DECISION-MAKING
39.9 ROLE OF CREATIVITY IN DECISION-MAKING
39.10 INDIVIDUAL DECISION-MAKING
39.11 GROUP DECISION-MAKING
Advantages of Group Decision-making
Disadvantages of Group Decision-making
CONCLUSION
40:
Supervision
40.1 INTRODUCTION
40.2 DEFINITION
40.3 OBJECTIVES OF SUPERVISION
40.4 FUNCTIONS OF SUPERVISOR
40.5 FACTORS INFLUENCES EFFECTIVE SUPERVISION
40.6 PRINCIPLES OF SUPERVISION
40.7 QUALIFICATIONS OF SUPERVISOR
40.8 QUALITIES OF SUPERVISOR
40.9 TECHNIQUES OF SUPERVISION
40.10 SUPERVISION METHODS
CONCLUSION
41:
Problem-Solving
41.1 INTRODUCTION
41.2 DEFINITION
41.3 SKILLS OF PROBLEM-SOLVING
41.4 PROBLEM SOLVING CYCLE
41.5 SCIENTIFIC METHOD OF PROBLEM SOLVING
41.6 PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATERGY
CONCLUSION
42:
Nursing Rounds
42.1 INTRODUCTION
42.2 DEFINITION
42.3 PURPOSES OF NURSING ROUNDS
42.4 IMPORTANCE OF NURSING ROUNDS
42.5 ROLE OF HEAD NURSE IN NURSING ROUNDS
42.6 ADVANTAGES OF NURSING ROUNDS
42.7 DISADVANTAGES OF NURSING ROUNDS
CONCLUSION
43:
Stress Management
43.1 INTRODUCTION
43.2 DEFINITION
43.3 CONCEPT OF STRESS
43.4 STRESS AS A STIMULUS
43.5 STRESS RESPONSE
Variations of Stress
Stress Cycle
43.6 MANIFESTATIONS OF STRESS
43.7 NURSING DIAGNOSIS
43.8 PLANNING
43.9 IMPLEMENTATION
43.10 MINIMIZING ANXIETY
General Guidelines to Minimize the Client's Anxiety and Stress
43.11 STRESS MANAGEMENT
43.12 NURSING INTERVENTION IN STRESS REDUCTION
43.13 COPING ENHANCEMENT
43.14 RELAXATION TECHNIQUES
CONCLUSION
44:
Auditing
44.1 INTRODUCTION
44.2 DEFINITION
44.3 TYPES OF AUDITING
44.4 OBJECTIVES OF NURSING AUDITING
44.5 AUDIT CYCLE
44.6 CHARACTERISTICS OF AUDITING
44.7 BENEFITS OF AUDIT
44.8 NURSING AUDIT
44.9 NURSING AUDITOR
44.10 METHODS OF AUDIT
44.11 QUALITIES OF NURSING AUDITOR
44.12 ADVANTAGES OF NURSING AUDIT
44.13 DISADVANTAGES OF NURSING AUDIT
CONCLUSION
SECTION-9: QUALITY NURSING CARE
45:
Quality Nursing Care
45.1 INTRODUCTION
45.2 DEFINITION
45.3 STANDARDS OF NURSING CARE
Standards of Nursing
45.4 PRINCIPLES OF QUALITY NURSING CARE
45.5 ADMINISTRATING NURSING CARE TO THE PATIENT
45.6 FACTORS INFLUENCING QUALITY OF PATIENT CARE
45.7 METHODS OF PATIENT CARE
45.8 ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF A NURSE
45.9 MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT CARE
45.10 PATIENT SAFETY IN THE HOSPITAL
CONCLUSION
46:
Nursing Service Department
46.1 INTRODUCTION
46.2 PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING SERVICE
46.3 MEANING OF NURSING SERVICE
46.4 DEFINITION
46.5 NURSING SERVICE DEPARTMENT
46.6 GOALS OF NURSING SERVICE DEPARTMENT
46.7 OBJECTIVES OF NURSING SERVICE DEPARTMENT
46.8 ESSENTIALS OF NURSING SERVICE
46.9 CLASSIFICATION OF NURSING PRACTICE PERSONNEL
46.10 FUNCTIONS OF NURSING SERVICE DEPARTMENT
Specific Functions of Nursing Unit
46.11 FACTORS INFLUENCING NURSING SERVICE
Roles and Functions of the Leader/Manager in Organizing Groups
Leadership roles associated with organizing patient care
Management functions associated with organizing patient care
46.12 COMMON NURSING SERVICE ACTIVITIES
46.13 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
CONCLUSION
47:
Nursing Process
47.1 INTRODUCTION
47.2 DEFINITION
47.3 STEPS AND APPLICATION IN NURSING PROCESS
Steps and Application of Nursing Process Model
47.4 BENEFITS OF NURSING PROCESS
Benefits for the Client
Benefits for the Nurse
A Framework for Accountability
47.5 ADVANTAGES OF NURSING PROCESS
CONCLUSION
48:
Nursing Assessment
48.1 INTRODUCTION
48.2 PREREQUISITES TO ASSESSMENT
48.3 DATA COLLECTION
Sources of Data
48.4 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION
Guidelines for Data Collection
48.5 PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Purpose
48.6 METHODS OF PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
48.7 HEAD TO TOE EXAMINATION
General Appearance
Mental Status
Posture
Skin Conditions
Head and Face
Eye
Articles Appropriate for Specific Examination
Ears
Nose
Mouth and Pharynx
Neck
Chest
Abdomen
Genital and Rectum
Neurological Tests
48.8 PREPARATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
48.9 PREPARATION OF THE EQUIPMENT
48.10 PREPARATION OF THE PATIENT
Physical Preparation
Mental Preparation
48.11 ASSISTING IN EXAMINATION
I. To Take Height and Weight
II. To Measure the Skull Circumference
III. Examination of the Eyes
IV. Examination of the Ears
V. Examination of the Nose, Throat and Mouth
VI. Examination of the Neck
VII. Examination of the Chest
VIII. Examination of the Abdomen
Care of after examination
Nurse's Responsibilities During Physical Examination
CONCLUSION
49:
Nursing Diagnosis
49.1 INTRODUCTION
49.2 DEFINITION
49.3 CONCEPT OF NURSING DIAGNOSIS
49.4 MEANING OF NURSING DIAGNOSIS
49.5 NURSING DIAGNOSIS CLASSIFICATION
49.6 STRUCTURE OF DIAGNOSIS
49.7 DIAGNOSTIC REASONING
49.8 ERRORS IN DIAGNOSIS
49.9 IMPORTANCE OF NURSING DIAGNOSIS
49.10 WRITING NURSING DIAGNOSIS
49.11 TEN RULES OF WRITING NURSING DIAGNOSIS
49.12 COLLABORATIVE PROBLEMS
CONCLUSION
50:
Nursing Planning
50.1 INTRODUCTION
50.2 PHASES OF PLANNING
50.3 STEPS IN PRIORITIES
50.4 ESTABLISHING GOALS FOR NURSING
50.5 TEAM NURSING
50.6 FORMULATING NURSING CARE PLAN
CONCLUSION
51:
Nursing Implementation/Intervention
51.1 INTRODUCTION
51.2 DEFINITION
51.3 MEANING OF INTERVENTION
51.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF NURSING INTERVENTION
51.5 STAGE OF NURSING INTERVENTION
51.6 PROVING SELF-CARE
51.7 RATIONALE
51.8 NURSING ROLES
CONCLUSION
52:
Nursing Evaluation
52.1 INTRODUCTION
52.2 MEANING OF EVALUATION
Evaluation will answer the following questions
52.3 FORMAL EVALUATION MODELS
52.4 OUTCOME CRITERIA
CONCLUSION
53:
Quality Assurance
53.1 INTRODUCTION
53.2 DEFINITION
53.3 CONCEPT OF QUALITY ASSURANCE
53.4 OBJECTIVES OF QUALITY ASSURANCE
53.5 APPROACHES TO QUALITY ASSURANCE
53.6 STEPS OF QUALITY ASSURANCE
53.7 QUALITY ASSURANCE METHODS
53.8 QUALITY ASSURANCE CYCLE
53.9 ROLE OF NURSE IN QUALITY ASSURANCE
CONCLUSION
54:
Total Quality Management
54.1 INTRODUCTION
54.2 DEFINITION
54.3 OBJECTIVES OF TQM
54.4 TOOLS OF TQM
54.5 PRINCIPLES OF TQM
54.6 ELEMENTS OF TQM
Key Elements
I. Foundation
II. Bricks
III. Binding Mortar
IV. Roof
54.7 TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROCESS
CONCLUSION
55:
Patient Assignment
55.1 INTRODUCTION
55.2 OBJECTIVES OF PATIENT ASSIGNMENT
55.3 PRINCIPLES OF PATIENT ASSIGNMENT
55.4 PATIENT ASSIGNMENT PROCESS
55.5 CASE METHOD
Advantages
Disadvantages
55.6 FUNCTIONAL METHOD
Advantages
Disadvantages
55.7 TEAM NURSING
Definitions
Advantages
Disadvantages
55.8 MODULAR NURSING
Definition
Advantages: (Yoder Wise 2003)
Disadvantages: (Yoder Wise 2003)
55.9 PROGRESSIVE PATIENT CARE
Advantages
Disadvantages
55.10 PRIMARY NURSING METHOD
Basic Concepts in Primary Nursing
Process for Implementing Primary Nursing Method
Advantages
Disadvantages
55.11 CASE MANAGEMENT
Case Manager's Approaches
Case Management Tools
Advantages
CONCLUSION
56:
Documentation in Nursing
56.1 INTRODUCTION
56.2 PURPOSE OF RECORDS
56.3 IMPORTANCE OF RECORDS
56.4 PRINCIPLES OF RECORD WRITING
56.5 TYPES OF RECORDS
56.6 GENERAL RULES OF RECORDING
56.7 NURSES RESPONSIBILITY IN RECORDING
56.8 PURPOSE OF REPORTS
56.9 TYPES OF REPORTS
56.10 PRINCIPLES OF RECORD KEEPING
56.11 NURSES RESPONSIBILITY IN RECORD KEEPING
CONCLUSION
SECTION-10: NURSING THEORIES
57:
Nursing Practice Theories
57.1 INTRODUCTION
57.2 MEANING
57.3 IMPORTANCE OF NURSING THEORIES
57.4 DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING THEORIES
57.5 NIGHTINGALE'S THEORY (ENVIRONMENTAL MODEL)
57.6 PEPLAU'S THEORY (1952)
Psychodynamic Nursing
Nurse-Patient Relationship
Nursing Roles
57.7 HENDERSON'S THEORY (1955)
57.8 ABDELLAH'S THEORY (1960)
57.9 ORLANDO'S THEORY (1961)
57.10 HALL'S THEORY (1962)
57.11 WIEDENBACH THEORY (1964)
57.12 LEVINE'S THEORY (1966)
57.13 JOHNSON'S THEORY (1968)
57.14 ROGER'S THEORY (1970)
57.15 OREM'S THEORY
57.16 KING'S THEORY (1971)
57.17 TRAVELBEE'S THEORY (1972)
57.18 NEUMAN'S THEORY (1972)
57.19 ROY'S THEORY (1979)
57.20 ZEININGERS THEORY (1978)
57.21 WATSON'S THEORY (1979)
CONCLUSION
58:
Metaparadigms of Nursing
58.1 INTRODUCTION
58.2 DEFINITION
58.3 CONCEPT OF METAPARADIGM
58.4 MEANING OF METAPARADIGMS
58.5 COMPONENTS OF METAPARADIGMS
58.6 NURSING AND METAPARADIGM
CONCLUSION
SECTION-11: ADVANCEMENT IN NURSING
59:
Computer in Nursing
59.1 INTRODUCTION
59.2 DEFINITION
59.3 BASIC OPERATION SYSTEM
5.4 USES OF COMPUTER
59.5 COMPUTER IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
59.6 CAI PROGRAMS
59.7 COMPUTER IN NURSING RESEARCH
59.8 COMPUTER IN NURSING ADMINISTRATION
CONCLUSION
60:
Health Information System
60.1 INTRODUCTION
60.2 DEFINITION
60.3 MEANING OF HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM (HIS)
60.4 OBJECTIVES OF HIS
60.5 COMPONENTS OF HIS
60.6 USES OF HEALTH INFORMATION
60.7 SOURCES OF HEALTH INFORMATION
CONCLUSION
61:
Nursing Informatics
61.1 INTRODUCTION
61.2 DEFINITION
61.3 MEANING OF NURSING INFORMATICS
61.4 NURSING INFORMATIC PROCESS
61.5 ROLE OF NURSE IN NURSING INFORMATICS
61.6 ROLE OF NURSE-SPECIALIST IN INFORMATICS
CONCLUSION
SECTION-12: STAFF WELFARE
62:
Staff Development Program
62.1 INTRODUCTION
62.2 DEFINITION
62.3 MEANING OF STAFF DEVELOPMENT
62.4 OBJECTIVES OF STAFF DEVELOPMENT
62.5 STAFF DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
62.6 FUNCTIONS OF STAFF DEVELOPMENT
62.7 STAFF DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES
62.8 IMPORTANCE OF STAFF DEVELOPMENT
62.9 STAFF DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
62.10 STAFF DEVELOPMENT ASSESSMENT METHODS
Various Methods of Needs Assessment
62.11 GOALS OF STAFF DEVELOPMENT
62.12 ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE OF SDP
62.13 ROLE OF HEAD NURSE IN SD
CONCLUSION
63:
Staff Welfare
63.1 INTRODUCTION
63.2 PURPOSES OF STAFF WELFARE
63.3 FACULTY IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES
63.4 STAFF WELFARE ACTIVITIES
63.5 FORMULATION OF POLICIES
63.6 LEAVE FACILITIES
I. Annual Leave
II. Casual Leave
III. Compensatory and Institutional Holidays
IV. Sick Leave
V. Maternity Leave
63.7 INCENTIVES
CONCLUSION
64:
Nursing Conference
64.1 INTRODUCTION
64.2 DEFINITION
64.3 TYPES OF NURSING CONFERENCES
64.4 NURSING CONFERENCE AREAS
64.5 TIME FOR CONFERENCE
64.6 SKILLS REQUIRED IN CONFERENCE
64.7 USES OF NURSING CONFERENCES
64.8 PREPARATION FOR NURSING CONFERENCE
64.9 CONFERENCE TOPICS
CONCLUSION
65:
In-Service Education
65.1 INTRODUCTION
65.2 DEFINITION
65.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
65.4 NEED FOR IN-SERVICE PROGRAM
65.5 COMPONENTS OF IN-SERVICE
CONCLUSION
66:
Continuing Education
66.1 INTRODUCTION
66.2 DEFINITION
66.3 OBJECTIVES OF CONTINUING EDUCATION
66.4 PURPOSES OF CONTINUING EDUCATION
66.5 NEED FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION
66.6 NATIONAL POLICY ON CONTINUING EDUCATION
66.7 PROGRAMS OF ACTION ON NPE
CONCLUSION
SECTION-13: PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
67:
Professional Organizations
67.1 INTRODUCTION
67.2 FUNCTIONS OF PROFESSIONAL BODIES
67.3 INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL
Objectives and Functions of Indian Nursing Council
Organizational Structure of Indian Nursing Council Committee
Functions of INC
67.4 INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF NURSES (ICN)
Objectives of ICN
Activities
The Activities of ICN
Functions of ICN
67.5 TRAINED NURSES ASSOCIATION OF INDIA
67.6 STATE NURSING COUNCIL
Functions of State Nurses Registration Council
Activities
Renewal of Registration
67.7 STUDENT NURSE ASSOCIATION
Objectives of SNA
Functions of SNA
67.8 CHRISTIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OF INDIA
Objectives of CMAI
Functions of the Nursing Examination Board
CONCLUSION
SECTION-14: ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES
68:
Complimentary/Alternative System of Medicine
68.1 INTRODUCTION
68.2 CATEGORIES OF COMPLIMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES
68.3 INDIAN SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
68.4 CLASSIFICATION OF INDIAN SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
68.5 AYURVEDA
68.6 YOGA
Types of Yoga
68.7 NATUROPATHY
68.8 UNANI
68.9 SIDDHA
68.10 HOMOEOPATHY
CONCLUSION
Glossary
INDEX
TOC
Index
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