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Textbook of Nursing Foundation I Clement

CHAPTER 1:Introduction
- TERMINOLOGY
- INTRODUCTION
- CONCEPT OF HEALTH
- DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH
- MULTIPLE FACTS OF HEALTH—WHO (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION)
- CONCEPTIONS OF HEALTH MODELS
- FACTORS INFLUENCING HEALTH
  - Human Biology
  - Environment
  - Health and Health Allied Resources
- CONCEPT OF DISEASE
- CULTURAL FACTORS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE (FIG. 1.3)
- CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPING ILLNESS
  - Internal Variables
  - External Variables
    - Factors Affecting a Patient's Health Status
- BODY DEFENCE: IMMUNITY AND IMMUNIZATION
  - Innate Immunity
  - Acquired Immunity
    - Mechanisms of Acquired Immunity
- ACTIVE IMMUNITY
  - Types of Active Immunity
- VACCINES
- PASSIVE IMMUNITY
  - Types of Passive Immunity
  - Uses of Passive Immunization
  - Miscellaneous
- CONCEPTS OF HEALTH, ILLNESS AND SICK BEHAVIORS
- ILLNESS BEHAVIOR
  - Stages of Illness Behavior (Fig. 1.5)
  - Impact of Illness on Family
- HEALTH–ILLNESS CONTINUUM
- MODELS OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS
  - Health–wellness Model
  - Agent-host-environmental Model
  - Health Belief Model (Fig. 1.7)
  - Health Promotion Model
- BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS (FIG. 1.8)
  - Developmental Needs
  - Cultural Influences
  - Religious Aspects
- HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM IN INDIA (FIG. 1.9)
  - Health Problems
  - Resources
  - Health Care Services
  - Health Care System
- HEALTH FOR ALL
  - Health for All Goals
  - Strategies for Health for All
- HEALTH CARE SERVICES
- HEALTH CARE TEAM
- HEALTH CARE AGENCIES
  - Health Care Organizations
- HOSPITAL: TYPES, ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS
  - Definition
  - Objectives of the Hospital
  - Scope of Hospital
  - Functions of the Hospital
- CLASSIFICATION OF HOSPITALS
- LEVELS OF DISEASE PREVENTION
- PRIMARY HEALTH CARE (FIG. 1.10)
  - Highlights of this Definition
  - Attributes of Primary Health Care
  - Elements of Primary Health Care
  - Principles of Primary Health Care
  - Role of Nurse in Primary Health Care
  - Role of Nurse in PHC
  - Major Role of CHN in PHC
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 2:Nursing as a Profession
- TERMINOLOGY
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITIONS OF NURSING
- THE NIGHTINGALE'S PLEDGE
- THE LIBERAL MEANING OF THE WORD NURSE
- HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING IN INDIA
- FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE
- QUALITIES OF PROFESSIONAL NURSE
- BASIC NURSING PRINCIPLES
- NURSING SCIENCE
  - Steps of Scientific Method
- NURSING AS A PROFESSION
- CHARACTERISTICS OF A PROFESSIONAL NURSE
- ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF A NURSE
- SCOPE OF NURSING
- PERSON-CENTERED NURSING CARE (NURSING PROCEDURES)
  - Five Essential Steps in Every Procedure
- NURSE AS A MEMBER OF HEALTH CARE TEAM
- VALUES OF PROFESSIONAL NURSE
- CARING AND ADVOCACY
  - Advocacy Skills
- ETHICAL ISSUES IN NURSING
  - Nursing Ethics
- CODE OF ETHICS
  - Nurses and People
  - Nurses and Practice
- ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
  - Rights
- ETHICAL DILEMMAS
- ETHICAL DECISION MAKING
- STATEMENTS OF ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY
- PROFESSIONAL ETIQUETTES FOR NURSES
- LEGAL ISSUES IN NURSING
  - Types of Laws
  - Common Legal Issues
  - Law and Nurse
- INTEGRATING NURSING SERVICE AND NURSING EDUCATION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 3:Hospital Admission and Discharge
- INTRODUCTION
- ADMISSION PROCEDURE
- MEDICOLEGAL ISSUES
  - Role of Nurse in Medicolegal Cases
- PATIENT'S BILL OF RIGHTS
- TRANSFER PROCEDURE
- DISCHARGE PROCEDURE
- CARE OF UNIT AFTER DISCHARGE
  - Reasons for Terminal Cleaning of the Patient Care Unit
  - Guidelines for Terminal Cleaning
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 4:Communication and Nurse-Patient Relationship
- INTRODUCTION
- COMMUNICATION: LEVELS, ELEMENTS, TYPES, MODELS, PROCESS AND FACTORS AFFECTING COMMUNICATION
- BASIC COMMUNICATION SKILLS
- FACTORS AFFECTING COMMUNICATION PROCESS
- NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
- THE BEST MODEL
- BARRIERS IN COMMUNICATION
- INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP
- THERAPEUTIC NURSE-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP
- COMMUNICATION IN NURSING
- COMMUNICATION IN THE HOSPITAL
  - Communication System Used in Hospitals
  - Ten Commandments of Good Communication
- NURSE-CLIENT HELPING RELATIONSHIP
- COMMUNICATION WITHIN NURSING PROCESS
- MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE HUMAN RELATION WITH VULNERABLE GROUP
- PATIENT TEACHING: IMPORTANCE, PURPOSE, PROCESS AND ROLE OF NURSE
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 5:Nursing Process
- INTRODUCTION
- CRITICAL THINKING AND NURSING JUDGMENT
  - Definition of Critical Thinking
  - Meaning of Critical Thinking
- COMPONENTS OF CRITICAL THINKING
- IMPORTANCE OF CRITICAL THINKING
- CRITICAL THINKING IN NURSING
- SPECIAL SKILLS REQUIRED FOR CRITICAL THINKING
- CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD CRITICAL THINKER
- CRITICAL THINKING THROUGH NURSING PRACTICE
  - Critical Thinking Attitudes and Applications in Nursing Practice
  - Critical Thinking in Clinical Application
- LEVELS OF CRITICAL THINKING IN NURSING
- NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW: APPLICATION IN PRACTICE
- STEPS IN THE NURSING PROCESS
- BENEFITS OF NURSING PROCESS
- NURSING ASSESSMENT
  - Purposes of Nursing Assessment
  - Prerequisites to Assessment
- DATA COLLECTION
- NURSING DIAGNOSIS
- NURSING PLANNING
- NURSING IMPLEMENTATION
- NURSING EVALUATION (FIG. 5.4)
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 6:Documentation in Nursing
- TERMINOLOGY
- INTRODUCTION
- MEANING OF RECORDS AND REPORTS
  - Meaning of Records and Reports
- DEFINITIONS OF RECORDS AND REPORTS
- PURPOSE RECORDING AND REPORTING
  - Purpose of Recording and Reporting
    - Recording
    - Reporting (Written Reports)
- PRINCIPLES OF RECORDING AND REPORTING
- TYPES OF RECORDS, REPORTS AND REGISTERS IN NURSING
- COMMON RECORD-KEEPING FORMS AND COMPUTERIZED DOCUMENTATION
  - Common Forms on the Chart
- COMPUTERIZED DOCUMENTATION
- LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF RECORDS AND REPORTS
- ROLE OF A NURSE IN RECORDING AND REPORTING
  - Securing Record Information
- MINIMIZING THE LEGAL LIABILITY THROUGH EFFECTIVE RECORD KEEPING
  - How to Keep Good Nursing Records
  - Writing Tips
- CHANGE-OF-SHIFT REPORT
- INCIDENT REPORT
- TRANSFER REPORT
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 7:Vital Signs
- INTRODUCTION
- GUIDELINES FOR ASSESSING VITAL SIGNS
- VITAL SIGNS MEASUREMENT
- BODY TEMPERATURE: PHYSIOLOGY, REGULATION AND FACTORS AFFECTING BODY TEMPERATURE
- ASSESSMENT OF BODY TEMPERATURE: SITES, EQUIPMENT, TECHNIQUES AND SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
- TYPES OF THERMOMETER (FIG. 7.1)
- CARE OF THERMOMETER
- ORAL TEMPERATURE
- AUXILIARY TEMPERATURE
- RECTAL TEMPERATURE
- FEVER (PYREXIA)
  - Types of Fever
- CARE OF FEVER
  - Care in Rigor
- PULSE
- RESPIRATION
- ALTERATIONS IN RESPIRATION
- BLOOD PRESSURE
- ALTERATION IN BLOOD PRESSURE
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 8:Health Assessment
- TERMINOLOGY
- INTRODUCTION
- ADMISSION ASSESSMENT
- SHIFT ASSESSMENT
- FOCUSED ASSESSMENT
- HEALTH HISTORY
- MENTAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT
- PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - Purpose
  - Measurements
- METHODS OF PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
- HEAD-TO-TOE EXAMINATION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 9:Machinery, Equipment and Linen
- INTRODUCTION
- PATIENT CARE EQUIPMENT
- MONITORING EQUIPMENT USED
- TUBES AND CATHETERS USED IN HOSPITAL
- LIFE SUPPORT AND EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
  - General Principles for Cleaning Shared Patient Care Equipment
- CARE OF LINEN
- CARE OF RUBBER GOODS
  - Purpose
  - Different Rubber Goods used in the Hospital
  - General Principles of Care of Rubber Articles
  - Care of Rubber Articles After Use
- CARE OF ENAMEL WARE
  - General Principles of Care
- CARE OF STAINLESS STEEL INSTRUMENTS
  - List of Stainless Steel Instruments
  - General Principles of Stainless Steel Instruments Care
- CARE OF SURGICAL SHARP INSTRUMENTS
  - Steps of Cleaning Sharp Instruments
    - Care of Needles
    - Care of other Instruments
- CARE OF FIBER OPTICS WITH CAMERA ITEM
  - Purposes
  - General Principles
    - Care of Laryngoscope
    - Care of Protoscope and Bronchoscope
- CARE OF SUCTION MACHINE
- CARE OF REFRIGERATOR
- CARE OF GLASS INSTRUMENTS
  - Purpose
  - Care of Thermometer
- CARE OF KITCHEN
- DISINFECTING WARD EQUIPMENT
- CARE OF THE SANITARY ANNEXE
- HOSPITAL FURNITURES
- STERILIZATION TECHNIQUES
  - Purpose
  - Scientific Principles
  - Methods of Sterilization
- PHYSICAL METHODS OF STERILIZATION
  - Boiling (Moist Heating)
  - Autoclaving (Fig. 9.1)
  - Hot Air Oven
  - Radiation Method of Sterilization
    - Gas Sterilization
    - Radiation or Ultraviolet Light Sterilization
  - Chemical Disinfections
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 10:Meeting Patients Needs
- TERMINOLOGY
- INTRODUCTION
- HOSPITAL CLEANING
  - Daily
  - Weekly
  - Monthly
  - Third Monthly (Quarterly)
  - Personal Cleaning Tip
- PATIENT SAFETY IN THE HOSPITAL
- REDUCTION OF PHYSICAL HAZARDS: FIRE AND ACCIDENTS
  - Preventive Measures for the Occurrence of Fire
  - Prevention of Accidents in Hospital
  - Prevent Central Line-associated Blood Stream Infections
  - Re-engineer Hospital Discharges
  - Prevent Venous Thromboembolism
  - Educate Patients About Using Blood Thinners Safely
  - Limit Shift Durations for Medical Residents and Other Hospital Staff if Possible
  - Consider Working with a Patient Safety Organization
  - Use Good Hospital Design Principles
  - Measure Hospital's Patient Safety Culture
  - Build Better Teams and Rapid Response Systems
- FIVE STEPS TO IMPROVE SAFETY
- ROLE OF NURSE IN SAFE AND CLEAN ENVIRONMENT
- CARE OF PATIENTS UNIT
  - General Cleaning of Ward and Equipments
  - Furniture
  - Vermin and Insects
- OPTIMUM ENVIRONMENT FOR THE PATIENT
- INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
- FURNISHING PATIENT'S UNIT
  - Definition
  - Purpose of the Unit Care
  - Principles of Good Housekeeping
  - Type of Wards in Patient Unit
  - Optimum Environment for the Patient
  - Carliolization
  - Principles of Cleanliness
  - Types of Cleaning
  - Equipment
- DISINFECTION OF THE UNIT
  - Common Disinfectants Used
  - Responsibilities of Nursing Personnel
  - Environment Setting
- SAFETY DEVICES: RESTRAINTS
  - Purposes
  - Principles of Restraints
  - Objectives for Restraints
  - General Instructions
  - Types of Restraints
  - Hazards of Restrains
- SIDE RAILS
  - Objectives
  - Uses of Side Rails
  - Potential Benefits of Bed Rails Include
  - Potential Risks of Bed Rails May Include
- TRAPEZE
- BED MAKING
  - Definition
  - Principals Involved in Bed Making
  - Purpose of Bed Making
  - General Instructions
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Equipment
  - Articles Needed for the Complete Change
  - Extra-articles
  - Procedure
  - Stripping and Remaking an Open Bed
  - After Care of the Patient, with and Equipment
  - Rules to be Observed when Making Beds
  - Unoccupied Bed or Closed Bed
  - Open Bed
  - Occupied Bed
  - Operation Bed
  - Cardiac Bed
  - Fracture Bed
  - Amputation Bed
- CONCLUSION
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- TERMINOLOGY
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- TYPES OF HYGIENE
- FACTORS INFLUENCING HYGIENE PRACTICES
- PERSONAL HYGIENE
  - Definition
  - Purposes of Personal Hygiene and Protect from Disease
  - Principles of Personal Hygiene
  - Factors Influences on Personal Hygiene
  - Importance of Personal Hygiene
  - Nurses Role in Personal Hygiene
- HEAD TO TOE CARE
  - Objectives
  - Complication of Neglected Oral Hygiene
  - Care of Hair
  - Objectives
  - Scientific Principles
  - Types of Hair Care
  - Problems of Neglected Hair Care
  - Care of the Eyes, Nose, and Ears
  - Essential Steps in Eye, Ear and Nose
  - Common Problems of Neglected Care
- ORAL HYGIENE
  - Purpose
  - The Patient who May Require Frequent Mouth Care
  - Scientific Principles
  - Solutions Commonly used for Mouth Wash
  - Dentifrices Used
  - Emollient Used Commonly
  - Preliminary Assessment of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
    - A tray containing of
    - A Small Container Containing of
  - Procedure
  - Complication of Neglected Mouth Care
- CARE OF DENTURES
  - Equipment Needed
  - Procedure
  - Precautions
- BED BATH
  - Purpose
  - Types of Patients Needing Bed Bath
  - Types of Cleansing Bath
  - Scientific Principles
  - Factors Affecting the Skin
  - General Instructions
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - Face
  - Arms
  - Chest
  - Abdomen
  - Back
  - Legs
  - Pubic Region
  - After Care
- CARE OF EYES, NOSE AND EARS
  - Purpose
  - Factors Affecting
  - Common Problems
    - Eye
    - Ear
    - Nose
  - General Instructions
    - Eye
    - Ear
    - Nose
  - Preliminary Assessment
    - Check
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- CARE OF HANDS, FEET AND NAILS
  - Purpose
  - Factors Affecting the Care
  - Examination Includes
  - Common Problems
  - Special Foot Care
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- BACK CARE/BACK MASSAGE/BACK RUB
  - Purpose
  - General Instructions
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- CARE OF PRESSURE POINTS/BED SORE
  - Purpose
  - Cause of Pressure Sores
  - Predisposing Factors
  - Common Sites Liable to get Bed Sore
  - Clinical Manifestation of Pressure Sore
  - Preventive Measure of Bed sore
  - Stages/Degree of Pressure Sore Based on
    - Clinical Manifestations
  - Curative Measures Based on Degrees of Pressure Sore
  - After Care
- CARE OF HAIR
  - Purpose
  - Three Aspects of Hair Care
  - Factors Influence on Hair
  - Factors Affecting Hair
  - Common Hair Scalp Problems
- HAIR COMBING
  - General Instructions
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- HAIR WASH/BED SHAMPOO
  - Purpose
  - General Instructions
  - Preliminary Assessment
    - Check
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- PEDICULOSIS TREATMENT
  - Purpose
  - Dangers of Pediculosis
  - Prevention of Pediculosis
  - Medications Used for Pediculosis Treatment
  - Types of Pediculi
  - General Instructions
  - Preliminary Assessment
    - Check
  - Equipment
  - Preparation of the Patient and the Unit
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- CARE OF THE PERINEUM
  - Purpose
  - Perineum Care for Special Group of Patients
  - Preliminary Assessment
    - Check
  - Preparation of the Patient and the Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- CLOTHING
- CONCLUSION
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- INTRODUCTION
- COMFORT MEASURES
  - Definition
  - Purpose
  - Principles Relevant to Comfort
  - Factors Influencing Comfort
  - Causes of Discomfort
  - Factors Promoting Physical Comfort
    - Immediate Needs
- COMFORT DEVICES
  - Mechanical Devices
- POSITIONS
  - Definitions
  - Purpose of Positioning
  - Principles of Positioning
  - Factors Involved in Positioning
  - Types of Positions Used
  - Types of Patients Need Special Care
  - General Instructions
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
- SUPINE/DORSAL POSITION
  - Indications
  - Procedure
  - Contraindications
- DORSAL RECUMBENT POSITION
  - Indications
  - Procedure
- LITHOTOMY POSITION
  - Indications
  - Procedure
- PRONE POSITION
  - Indications
  - Procedure
  - Contraindications
- LATERAL POSITION
  - Indications
  - Procedure
- SIMS' POSITION
  - Indications
  - Procedure
  - Contraindications
- KNEE-CHEST/GENUPECTORAL POSITION
  - Indications
  - Procedure
  - Contraindications
- TRENDELENBURG'S POSITION
  - Indications
  - Procedure
- FOWLER'S POSITION
  - Indications
  - Procedure
- HOT APPLICATIONS
  - Definition
  - Purpose
  - Classifications (Fig. 10.28)
    - Local Heat Applications
    - General Application
  - Physiological Effects of Hot Applications
  - Secondary Effect
  - Contraindication to Hot Application
  - Principles of Hot Application
  - Complications of Hot Applications
  - General Instructions
- HOT WATER BAG
  - Purpose
  - Preliminary Assessment
    - Check
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
  - General Instructions
  - Contraindications
- INFRARED THERAPY
  - Purpose
  - General Instructions
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- HOT FOMENTATION
  - Definition
  - Purpose
  - Classification
  - Area of Application
  - General Instructions
  - Preliminary Assessment
    - Check
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
  - A Tray Containing
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- SOAK OR LOCAL BATH
  - Purpose of Soaks
  - General Instructions
  - Preliminary Assessment
    - Check
  - Preparation of Tile Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- SITZ BATH
  - Purpose
  - General Instructions
  - Solutions Used for Sitz Bath
  - Sitz Bath is Contraindicated During
  - Preliminary Assessment
    - Check
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- COLD APPLICATIONS
  - Definition
  - Purpose
  - Classification (Fig. 10.29)
    - Local Cold Application
    - General Cold Application
  - Physiological Effects of Cold Applications
    - Primary Effects
    - Secondary Effects
  - Contraindications of Cold Applications
  - Principals Involved in Cold Application
  - Complications of Cold Applications
  - General Instructions
  - Cold Compress
  - Ice Cap/Ice Collar
  - Tepid Sponge/Cold Sponge
  - Cold Pack
- ACTIVITY AND EXERCISES
  - Definition
  - Importance of Physical Exercise
  - Types of Exercise
    - Activities of Daily Living
  - Benefits of Exercise
    - Types of Exercise
  - Purpose of Exercise for the immobile Patient
- HABITS
  - Definition of Habit
  - Type of Healthy Habits
  - Common Problems of Bad Habits
- SLEEP AND HEALTH
  - Definition
  - Need of Sleep
  - Physiology of Sleep
  - Factors Affecting Sleep
  - Defining Characteristics
  - Stages of Sleep
- SLEEP DISORDERS
  - Dyssomnias
  - Intrinsic Sleep Disorders
  - Extrinsic Sleep Disorders
  - Nursing Measures to Induce Sleep
  - Nursing Intervention in Altered Sleep
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- TERMINOLOGY
- INTRODUCTION
- NUTRITION AND HEALTH
  - Definition
  - Functions of Food
  - Physiological Functions of Food
  - Basic Food Groups
  - Purpose
  - Essential Nutrients
  - Factors Affecting Appetite
- NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT
  - Weight
  - Anthropometric Indices
  - Linear Measurements
  - Height
  - Head Circumference
  - Chest Circumference
  - Mid Upper Arm Circumference
- CLINICAL SIGNS OF NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY AND DISORDERS
  - Condition and Clinical Signs
  - Biophysical Methods
  - Biochemical Test
- DIET IN SICKNESS
  - Purpose
  - General Rules of Treatment
  - Problems During Sickness
  - Modifications of Nutrients in Therapeutic Diet
- THERAPEUTIC DIET
  - Objective
  - Principals Involved in Diet Therapy
- REGULAR HOSPITAL DIET
  - Liquid Diet
  - Low Calorie Diet
  - Low Protein Diet
  - Low Fat Diet
  - Salt Free Diet
  - High Protein Diet
  - Diabetic Diet
  - Diet in Anemia
- FEEDING THE HELPLESS PATIENT
  - Purpose
  - General Instructions
  - Preliminary Assessment
    - Check
  - Preparation of the Patient and the Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- NASOGASTRIC TUBE INSERTION
  - Indications
  - Purpose
  - Equipment
  - Preliminary Assessment
    - Check
  - Preparation of the Patient and Unit
  - Procedure
  - Methods to Confirm NG Tube in the Stomach
  - After Care
  - Contraindications
  - Complications
- GASTRIC GAVAGE
  - Purpose
  - Indication for Tube Feeding
  - General Instructions
  - Advantages of Tube Feeding
  - Principals involved in Gastric Gavages
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
- GASTROJEJUNOSTOMY FEEDING
  - Indications
  - General Instructions
  - Methods of Administration
  - Preliminary Assessment
    - Check
  - Operation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
  - Skin Care
- BREASTFEEDING
  - Advantages
  - Contraindication for Breastfeeding
    - Mother
    - Baby
  - General Instructions
- ARTIFICIAL FEEDING
  - Difference between Human's Milk and Cow's Milk
  - Preparation of Formula
  - Preparation of Milk Formula for a Day
  - Different Ways of Feeding an Infant
  - General Instructions
  - Preliminary Assessment
    - Check
  - Preparation of the Infant and the Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION
  - Definition
  - Roles of Professionals in TPN
  - Initial Preparation
  - Fluid Calculations
  - Side Effects of TPN
- GASTRIC ANALYSIS
  - Basal Gastric Analysis (tube)
  - Stimulation Gastric Analysis (tube)
  - Tubeless Gastric Analysis
  - Normal Findings
  - Purposes
  - Clinical Problems
    - Decreased Level
    - Elevated Level
  - Client Preparation
  - Procedure
  - Stimulation Test
  - Tubeless Gastric Analysis
  - Factors Affecting Diagnostic Results
- CONCLUSION
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- URINARY ELIMINATION
- DEFINITION
- PHYSIOLOGY OF URINE ELIMINATION
- FACTORS AFFECTING URINARY ELIMINATION
- CHARACTERISTICS OF URINE
- DIAGNOSTIC EXAMINATION
  - Conditions which Alter Urinary Elimination
- ROLE OF NURSE IN URINARY ELIMINATION
- COMMON URINARY PROBLEMS
- FACTORS INFLUENCING URINARY ELIMINATION
- COMMON ALTERATIONS IN URINARY ELIMINATION
  - Renal Condition Causing Alteration in Urine Elimination
- MONITORING URINAY OUTPUT
- USE OF URINAL
  - Purposes
  - Factors Influences
  - Preliminary Assessment
    - Check
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- CATHETERIZATION OF THE URINARY BLADDER
  - Purpose
  - Principals Involved
  - General Instruction
  - Preliminary Assessment
    - Check
  - Preparation of Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure (Figs 10.40A to D)
  - Cleaning the Perineum in Female Patients
  - Cleaning the Perineum for Male Patients
  - After Care
  - Types of Catheterization
- BLADDER IRRIGATION
  - Purpose
  - Solution Used
  - General Instructions
  - Methods of Administration
  - Preliminary Assessment
    - Check
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure (Fig. 10.42)
  - After Care
- CATHETER CARE
  - Articles used
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- COLLECTING URINE SPECIMEN
  - Definition
  - Purpose
  - Principles
  - General Instructions
  - Procedure
  - Nursing Alert
- COLLECTING A SINGLE VOIDED SPECIMEN
  - Equipments Required
  - Procedure
- 24 HOURS URINE COLLECTION
  - Purpose
  - Normal Characteristics of Urine
  - Preliminary Assessment Check
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
  - General Instructions
- URINE CULTURE
  - Purpose
  - General Instructions
  - Preliminary Assessment Check
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- URINE TESTING
  - Purpose
  - Characteristics of Normal Urine
  - Characteristics of Abnormal Urine
  - Types of Examination of the Urine
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
    - Sugar Test
    - Observations
  - Albumin Test
  - Urine pH
- BOWEL ELIMINATION
  - Defecation Reflex
- FACTORS AFFECTING BOWEL ELIMINATION
- COMMON PROBLEMS IN BOWEL ELIMINATION
- CONSTIPATION
  - Signs and Symptoms of Constipation
  - Management for Constipation
  - Medications to Treat Constipation Include the Following
- DIARRHEA
  - Causes of Diarrhea
  - Signs and Symptoms of Diarrhea
  - Dehydration
  - Treatment and Medications
- FLATULENCE
  - Signs and Symptoms
- INSERTION OF A FLATUS TUBE
  - Purpose
  - General Instructions
  - Preliminary Assessment
    - Check
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- USE OF BEDPAN
  - Purpose
  - Indications
  - Types of Bedpan
  - Preliminary Assessment
    - Check
  - Preparation of Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- ENEMA
  - Purpose
  - Contraindications
  - Classification of Enema (Fig. 10.46)
  - Methods of Giving Enemas (Fig. 10.47)
  - General Instruction
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- BOWEL WASH
  - Purpose
  - Contraindications
  - General Instructions
  - Methods used for Bowel Irrigation
  - Solution used
  - Temperature of the Solution
  - Preliminary Assessment
    - Check
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- STOOL-ROUTINE AND CULTURE
  - Purpose
  - Normal Characteristics of Feces
  - Abnormal Characteristics of Feces
- COLOSTOMY IRRIGATION
  - Purpose
  - Types of Colostomy
  - Solutions Used for Colostomy Irrigation
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Preparation of the Patient and the Environment
  - Preparation of the Article
  - Procedure
  - Postprocedure Care
- BARIUM ENEMA
  - Purpose
  - Types
  - Principles
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Preparation of the Patient
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
  - Complication
- NURSES ROLE IN EFFECTIVE BOWEL MANAGEMENT
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- TERMINOLOGY
- INTRODUCTION
- MOBILITY
  - Structure and Functions
  - Factors Affecting Mobility
  - Patients at High Risk of Immobility
  - Nurses Responsibility in Assessing Mobility
  - Physical Complications of Immobility
  - Effects of Exercise
- EFFECTS OF MOBILITY
  - Cardiovascular System
  - Respiratory System
  - Musculoskeletal System
  - Nervous System
  - Gastrointestinal System
  - Integumentary System
  - Urinary System
  - Metabolism
  - Psychosocial Functioning
- BODY MECHANICS
  - Meaning of Body Mechanics
  - Purpose
  - Elements of Body Mechanics
  - Rules of Good Mechanics
  - Assessment of Body Alignment
  - Body Mechanics for Health Care Workers
  - Principles of Body Mechanics
  - Techniques of Body Mechanics
- NURSING PROCESS IN BODY MECHANICS
- RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISE
  - Purpose
  - Types of Range of Motions
  - Preliminary Assessment Check
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
  - Guideline for Range of Motion Exercise
  - Documentation
  - Contraindications of ROM Exercise
- LIFTING AND TRANSFERING
  - Purpose
  - Lifting Criteria
  - General Principles of Lifters and Moving
  - General Instructions
  - Nurses Responsibility in Lifting and Moving
  - Preliminary Assessment Check
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- LOGROLLING
  - Technique
- TRANSFERING PATIENT FROM BED TO WHEEL CHAIR
  - Purposes
  - Procedure
- TRANSFER FROM WHEEL CHAIR TO BED
  - Procedure
- TRANSFER FROM BED TO STRETCHER AND STRETCHER TO BED
  - Indications
  - Procedure
- TERMINOLOGY
- INTRODUCTION
- NEED OF OXYGEN THERAPY
- ACUTE DISEASES AFFECT BLOOD OXYGEN LEVEL
- ALTERATIONS IN OXYGENATION: HYPOXIA
  - Susceptibility to Hypoxia
    - Factors
    - The Following Factors also can Affect the Body's Response to Changes In Altitude
  - Stages of Hypoxia
  - Monitoring Oxygen Levels
- CARE OF OXYGEN CYLINDERS
  - Precautions
  - Dangers of Oxygen Therapy
- OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION
  - Purpose
  - Classification
- NASAL CANNULA
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
- NASAL CATHETER
- OXYGEN MASK
  - Simple Face Masks
  - Partial Rebreather Mask
  - Nonrebreather Mask
  - Venturi Mask
- OXYGEN TENT
  - General Instructions
  - Preparation of Patient and Environment
  - Equipments
  - Procedure
  - After Care of the Patient
  - Patient Education
  - Complications
- HOME OXYGEN THERAPY
  - Purpose
  - Preparation
  - Classification
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - Patient Education
  - Complications
- AIRWAY MANAGEMENT
- OROPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY
  - Procedure
  - Problems Associated with Orotracheal Tubes
- NASOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY
  - Size
  - Indications and Contraindications
  - Advantages of Nasotracheal Tubes
  - Problems Associated with Nasotracheal Tubes
- ENDOTRACHEAL TUBES
- TRACHEOSTOMY TUBES
- ARTIFICIAL AIRWAY MANAGEMENT
  - Indications
  - Route of Insertion
  - Tube Types
  - General Instructions
    - Physical Management
  - Psychological Care of the Patient
  - Equipment
  - Preparation of the Patient and the Environment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
  - Complications
    - Mechanical
    - Laryngeal and Tracheal
- NURSING PROCESS IN AIRWAY MANAGEMENT
  - Related Factors
  - Defining Characteristics
  - Expected Outcome
  - Airway Assessment
  - Nursing Intervention for Airway Management
- COUGHING TECHNIQUES
- SUCTIONING PROCEDURE
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
    - Preparation Phase
  - Performance Phase
- TRACHEOSTOMY SUCTIONING
  - Purpose
  - Equipment
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Procedure
- STEAM INHALATION
  - Purpose
  - Types of Inhalations
  - Indication of Tincture Benzoin Inhalation
  - General Instructions
  - Preliminary Assessment
    - Check
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- POSTURAL DRAINAGE
  - Purpose
  - Equipment
  - General Instructions
  - Procedure
  - Percussion Technique
- PULSE OXYMETRY
  - Types of Oxygen Transducers
  - Nursing Consideration
- WATER SEAL CHEST DRAINAGE
  - Indications
  - Objectives
  - Mechanism
  - Factors Affecting the Chest Drainage
  - Types of Chest Drainage
  - Implementation
  - Setting Up a Commercially Prepared Disposable System
  - Managing Closed Chest Underwater Seal Drainage
  - Assessment of Proper Functioning
  - Precautions to be Taken While Replacing Me Chest Drainage Bottles
  - Chest Catheter Removal
  - Discharge Teaching
  - Common Problems and Suggested Actions
- CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
  - Equipment
  - General Instructions
  - Procedure
  - Ratio of Cardiac Compression to Ventilation
  - Check for Circulation
  - CPR in Progress
  - Complications
- TERMINOLOGY
- FLUID INTAKE
- SOURCES OF WATER INTAKE
- PHYSIOLOGY OF BODY FLUIDS
- FACTORS AFFECTING FLUID MOVEMENT
- MECHANISMS CONTROLLING FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE MOVEMENT
- REGULATION OF FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES OR HOMEOSTATIC MECHANISM
- FLUID IMBALANCES
  - Fluid Volume Deficit
  - Nursing Intervention for FVD
  - Fluid Volume Excess
  - Nursing Intervention for FVE
- ELECTROLYTES
- IMPORTANCE OF ELECTROLYTES
  - Sodium
    - Sources and Losses of Sodium
    - Regulation of Sodium
  - Potassium
    - Sources and Losses of Potassium
    - Regulation of K
  - Calcium
    - Sources and Losses of Calcium
    - Regulation of Calcium
  - Magnesium
    - Sources and Losses of Magnesium
    - Regulation of Magnesium
  - Chloride
  - Bicarbonate
  - Phosphate
- ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES
  - Hyponatremia
  - Hypernatremia
  - Hypokalemia
  - Hyperkalemia
  - Hypocalcemia
  - Hypercalcemia
  - Hypomagnesemia
  - Hypermagnesemia
  - Hypophosphatemia
  - Hyperphosphatemia
- ACID-BASE BALANCES
- ACID-BASE IMBALANCE
- INTRAVENOUS CATHETER INSERTION
  - Purpose
  - Common Sites of IV Injection
  - General Instructions
  - Types of IV Administration
  - Selection of Syringe and Needle
  - Preliminary Assessment Check
  - Equipment
- MAINTENANCE OF IV SYSTEM
  - Definition
  - Purpose
  - Equipments Required
  - Procedure
  - Maintenance of IV System: Changing of IV System
- ADMINISTERING MEDICATIONS BY HEPARIN LOCK
  - Purpose
  - Equipments Required
  - Nursing Alert
  - Maintenance of IV System: Changing of IV System
- INTRAVENOUS CUTDOWN
  - Purpose
  - Principles
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Preparation of the Patient
  - Equipment
- BLOOD TRANSFUSION
  - Purpose
  - General Instructions
  - Preparation
- FLUID RESTRICTION
- CONCLUSION
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- INTRODUCTION
- PSYCHOSOCIAL CARE
- PSYCHOSOCIAL ASSESSMENT
- CULTURAL DIVERSITY
  - Impact of Cultural Diversity
  - Cultural Diversity in Nursing Practice
  - Nurse's Role in Cultural Diversity
  - Transcultural Nursing
- STRESS AND ADAPTATION
  - Sources of Stress
  - Symptoms of Stress
- GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME HANS SELYE, 1945
  - Alarm Reaction
  - Resistance Reaction
  - Exhaustion Stage
- STRATEGIES OF STRESS MANAGEMENT
- ROLE OF NURSE IN STRESS MANAGEMENT
  - Nursing Intervention for Stress Management
- ADAPTATION
  - Levels of Adaptation
  - Environment and Adaptation
- CONCEPT OF CRISIS AND RESOLUTION
  - Definition
  - Crisis Response
  - Types of Crisis
  - Phases of Crisis
  - Signs and Symptoms of Crisis
  - Resolution of Crisis
- CRISIS INTERVENTION
  - Common Problems
  - Characteristics
  - Phases in Crisis Development
  - Type of Crisis
  - Techniques
  - Crisis Intervention
  - Initial Assessment
  - Intensive Care
  - Crisis Counseling
  - Problem-Solving Therapy
  - Role of the Nurse
  - Pharmacological Management
  - Aims of Crisis Intervention Technique
  - Steps to Provide a Correct Cognitive Perception
  - Defining the Event
  - Steps to Assist the Victim in Managing the Intense Feelings
- NURSING PROCESS APPLICATION IN CRISIS INTERVENTION
  - Nursing Assessment
  - Nursing Diagnoses
  - Planning
  - Implementation
  - Environmental Manipulation
  - General Support
  - Generic Approach
  - Individual Approach
  - Techniques of Crisis Intervention
  - Evaluation
  - Modalities of Crisis Intervention
  - Mobile Crisis Programs
  - Telephone Contacts
  - Group Work
  - Disaster Response
  - Victim Outreach Programs
  - Crisis Intervention Centers
  - Health Education
- GRIEF AND RESOLUTION OF GRIEF
  - Stages of Grief
  - Resolution of Grief
- MALADAPTIVE GRIEF RESPONSES
  - Prolonged Response
  - Delayed or Inhibited Response
  - Distorted Response
  - Treatment
  - Nursing Intervention
- SPIRITUALITY AND NURSING
  - Meaning and Definition
  - Spirituality and Religion
  - Lifespan Consideration in Spiritual Health
  - Characteristics of Spirituality
  - Factors Affecting Spiritual Health
  - Biological Basis of Spirituality
  - Spiritual Dimensions of Nursing
  - Age-specific Spiritual Interventions
  - Community-based Nursing
- SEXUALITY AND HEALTH
  - Definition
  - Components of Sexuality
  - Characteristics of Sexual Health
  - Importance of Sexual Health
  - Sexual Response Cycle
  - Physiological Sexual Response in Woman
  - Sexual Response and Physiological Response in Women
  - Physiological Changes and Sexual Response in Men
  - Nurse's Responsibility in Collecting the Sexual History
  - Nurse's Responsibility
- THERAPEUTIC ENVIRONMENT
  - Environment as Therapeutic Resources
- PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
- GOALS OF HEALING ENVIRONMENT
- ADOPTING PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
- RECREATION AND DIVERSIONAL THERAPIES
  - Indoor Recreational Options
  - Outdoor Recreational Options
CHAPTER 11:Infection Control in Clinical Setting
- INTRODUCTION
- INFECTION CONTROL: NATURE OF INFECTION, CHAIN OF INFECTION AND TRANSMISSION
- DEFENCES AGAINST INFECTION: NATURAL AND ACQUIRED
- HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTION/NOSOCOMAL INFECTION
- BARRIER NURSING
- UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS: STANDARDS AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
- ASEPSIS
  - Essential Components of Maintaining Asepsis in a Hospital Include
  - Types of Asepsis
- SURGICAL ASEPSIS
- TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTIONS
- ROLE OF THE NURSE IN INFECTION CONTROL
- TRANSPORTATION OF INFECTIOUS PATIENTS
- DECONTAMINATION OF EQUIPMENT AND UNIT
- PERSONAL PROTECTING EQUIPMENT
- BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
  - Concept of Waste
  - Types of Waste
    - Classification of Hospital Waste
    - Biomedical Waste
- ILL EFFECTS OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE
  - Health Hazards
    - In Summary, the Following Areas Need Attention
    - Objectives of Biomedical Waste Management
- ELEMENTS OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
- SAFETY AND HEALTH ISSUES IN A NUTSHELL
- NURSES' ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITY IN BMW
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12:Administration of Medications
- INTRODUCTION TO MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
- DRUG INFORMATION SOURCES
- DRUG ADMINISTRATION
- ORAL MEDICATION
- SYRINGES AND NEEDLES
- INJECTIONS
- INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION
- SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION
- INTRADERMAL INJECTIONS
- INTRAVENOUS INJECTION
- INTRAVENOUS INFUSIONS
- TRANSDERMAL ROUTE
  - Advantages
- TRANSMUCOSAL ROUTE
- TOPICAL ROUTE
- SPECIAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
- INSTILLATION OF EAR DROPS
- INSTILLING NASAL DROPS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 13:Meeting Needs of Perioperative Patients
- TERMINOLOGY
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND CONCEPT OF PERIOPERATIVE NURSING
  - Phases of Perioperative Nursing
  - Classifications of Surgical Procedures
- PREOPERATIVE NURSING
- INTRAOPERATIVE PHASE: THEATER SET-UP, EQUIPMENT AND ROLE OF NURSE
  - Intraoperative Nursing Interventions
- POSTOPERATIVE NURSING
- POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
- PERIOPERATIVE NURSING PROCESS
- WOUNDS: TYPES, CLASSIFICATION, WOUND HEALING PROCESS, FACTORS AFFECTING WOUND HEALING, COMPLICATIONS OF WOUND, SURGICAL ASEPSIS, CARE OF WOUND TYPES, EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURE AND SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
- DRESSING: SUTURE CARE
- SUTURING THE WOUND
- SURGICAL DRESSING
- SUTURE REMOVAL
- CARE OF DRAINS
- APPLICATIONS OF BANDAGES, BINDERS, SPLINTS AND SLINGS
- ROLLER BANDAGE
  - Patterns Used in Bandaging
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 14:Meeting Special Needs of the Patient
- TEMPERATURE (HYPER- AND HYPOTHERMIA): TYPES, ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
- SENSORIUM (UNCONSCIOUSNESS): ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
- URINARY ELIMINATION (RETENTION AND INCONTINENCE): ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
- FUNCTIONING OF SENSORY ORGANS: VISUAL AND HEARING IMPAIRMENT
- MOBILITY (PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED, CAST): ASSESSMENT OF SELF-CARE ABILITY
- MENTAL STATE (MENTALLY CHALLENGED): ASSESSMENT OF SELF-CARE ABILITY
- RESPIRATION (DISTRESS): TYPES, ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT
- COMFORT (PAIN): NATURE, TYPES, FACTORS INFLUENCING PAIN, ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
- TREATMENT RELATED TO GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM: NASOGASTRIC SUCTION, GASTRIC IRRIGATION, GASTRIC ANALYSIS
  - Gastric Lavage/Irrigation
  - Gastric Analysis/Fractional Test Analysis
CHAPTER 15:Care of Terminally Ill Patients
- INTRODUCTION
- LOSS
- GRIEF
- GRIEF PROCESS
  - Stages of Grief Process
  - Nursing Interventions: Facilitate Mourning
- CARE OF DYING
- DEATH
- CARE OF THE BODY AFTER DEATH
- MEDICOLEGAL ISSUES
- ADVANCE DIRECTIVES: EUTHANASIA, WILL, DYING, DECLARATION, ORGAN DONATION, ETC.
- AUTOPSY
  - Definition
  - Classification
- POSTMORTEM CARE
  - Nursing Interventions
- EMBALMING
  - Concept of Embalming
  - Steps of Embalming Process
CHAPTER 16:Professional Nursing Concepts and Practices
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- PURPOSES OF THEORIES AND CONCEPTUAL MODEL
- GOALS OF THEORETICAL NURSING MODELS
- BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A THEORY
- THEORETICAL MODELS OF NURSING PRACTICE
- KINDS OF THEORIES
- TYPES OF THEORY
- HOLISTIC HEALTH MODEL
- HEALTH BELIEF MODEL
  - Health Care Organizations
  - Definition and Rational for Health Belief Model
  - Health Promotion Model
- HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL
  - Past Behaviors and Traditions
  - Confidence and Encouragement
- INTRODUCTION TO NURSING THEORIES
- DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING THEORIES
- PEPLAUS THEORY (1952)
  - Nurse-patient Relationship
- HENDERSON'S THEORY (1955)
- OREM'S THEORY
- NEUMAN'S THEORY (1972)
- ROGERS THEORY (1970)
- ROY'S THEORY (1979)
- LINKING THEORIES WITH NURSING PROCESS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 17:Disease and Disorders
- INFECTION
- PROCESS OF INFECTION
  - Factors Predisposing to Microbial Pathogenicity
    - Virulence Determinants
- TYPES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
  - Epidemiologic Types of Infection
- INFECTION CONTROL GUIDELINES
  - Hand Washing
  - Methods of Handling Masks
- INFLAMMATION
- CONGENITAL DISORDERS
- POLYGENIC OR MULTIFACTORIAL INHERITANCE
- ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
- GENETIC COUNSELING
  - Reasons for Seeking Genetic Counseling
  - Nursing Responsibilities Toward Congenital Anomalies
- CANCER (NEOPLASAM)
  - Definition
  - Etiology
- TNM: CLASSIFICATION OF CANCER
- TYPES OF RADIATION THERAPY
- COMPLICATIONS OF RADIATION THERAPY
  - Nursing Management
  - To Prevent Skin Irritation during Radiation
- RADIATION DOSAGE
  - Classification of Chemotherapeutic Agents
  - Safety in Handling Chemotherapeutic Drugs
CHAPTER 18:Specimen Collection
- SPECIMEN COLLECTION
- URINE COLLECTIONS FROM CATHETER
  - After Care
- 24-HOURS-URINE COLLECTION
- URINE CULTURE
- STOOL-ROUTINE AND CULTURE
- SPUTUM CULTURE
- BLOOD SMEAR
- BLOOD CULTURE
- THROAT SWAB
- VAGINAL SWAB/SMEAR
- URINE TESTING
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 19:First Aid
- INTRODUCTION TO FIRST AID
  - Aims of First Aid
  - Qualities of Good First-aider
  - General Rules for First Aid
  - Transport of Injured or Sick Person
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
    - Disposal
- MANAGEMENT OF THE CASE
  - First Aider Must Always
- GOLDEN RULES OF FIRST AID
  - Action at an Emergency
- FIRST AID KIT
- WOUNDS
  - Abrasions
  - Signs
  - Treatment
  - Follow-up
  - Types of Wound
- BURNS AND SCALDS
  - Causes of Burns
  - Rule of Nine
    - Area Percentage
    - Signs and Symptoms
  - Types of Burns
  - Classification of Burns
  - Intermediate Burns
- BITES AND STINGS
  - Snake Bite
  - Scorpion Bite
    - Signs and Symptoms
    - First Aid
  - Dog Bite
  - Scorpion String
    - Treatment
  - Bee, Wasp and Hornet Stings
    - Signs
    - First aid Treatment
  - Jelly Fish Sting
    - First Aid Measures
  - Sea Urchin Sting
  - Cone-shaped Shells
- FRACTURE
  - Causes of Fractures
    - Direct Force
    - Indirect Force
  - Types of Fracture
  - Transfer to the Hospital
  - Sprains and Dislocations of Joints
  - Dislocation
    - Signs and Symptoms
  - Crush Injuries
- INJURIES TO THE JOINT AND MUSCLES
  - Injuries to Joints and Muscles due to Strain and Sprain
  - Dislocation
    - Signs and Symptoms
    - Treatment
- TRANSPORTING CASUALTIES
  - Transport of Injured Persons
  - Method or Methods Adopted will Depend upon the Following Factors
  - Support by a Single Helper
  - Support by Two Helper
  - Stretcher Exercise
  - Methods of Carrying
  - Fore and AFT Method
  - Stick Method
  - Stretchers
- LIFTING CASUALTIES
  - Lifting Technique
- FIRST AID IN CONVULSIONS
  - Epileptic Fit
  - First Aid Treatment
    - Treatment
- FIRST AID FOR FOREIGN BODIES
  - Foreign Body in the Eye
    - Treatment
  - Foreign Body in the Ear
    - Treatment
  - Hygiene of the Eye
- FAINTING
  - Signs and Symptoms
  - Aim
  - Prevention
  - Treatment
- HEMORRHAGE
  - Types of Hemorrhage
  - Effects of Hemorrhage
  - How to Recognize External Bleeding
  - Internal Bleeding
  - Management
  - How to Control Bleeding
- EPISTAXIS
- SHOCK
  - Types of Shock
  - Causes of Shock
  - Clinical Symptoms
    - First Aid
- ELECTRIC SHOCK
  - Electric Injuries may Occur
  - Treatment
- FIRST AID FOR FOREIGN BODIES IN THE EYE, EAR, NOSE AND THROAT
  - Splinters
  - Symptoms and Signs
    - Aim
    - Treatment
  - Treatment
  - Chemical Burns of the Eye Cause Intense Pain Immediate First Aid Treatment may Save the Eyesight
  - Foreign Body in the Ear
    - Treatment
  - Foreign Body in the Nose
  - Foreign Body in the Throat
  - Foreign Body in the Stomach
  - Abdominal Hernia or Rupture
    - Treatment
- ASPHYXIA
  - External Obstruction: Suffocation
  - General Symptoms and Signs
    - Aim
    - Treatment
- HANGING, STRANGLING AND THROTTLING
  - Symptoms and Signs
    - Aim
    - Treatment
- POISONING
  - General Rules for the Treatment of Poisoning
  - More Common Poisons and Antidotes
  - Agricultural Poisons
    - Treatment
  - Common Poisons in India
  - Protective Measures
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 20:Bandages and Binders
- BANDAGES
  - Purpose of Bandaging
  - General Principles
- TYPES OF BANDAGES (FIG. 20.1)
- SPECIAL BANDAGES
- SLINGS
- BINDER
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 21:Medical and Surgical Procedures
- TERMINOLOGY
- ABDOMINAL PARACENTESIS
  - Purpose
  - Indications
  - Contraindications
  - General Instructions
  - Routine Investigations
  - Preliminary Assessment Check
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Site and Position
    - Position
  - Equipment
    - A Sterile Tray Containing
  - Procedure
  - Postprocedure Care
  - Complications
- THORACENTESIS
  - Purpose
  - General Instructions
  - Preliminary Assessment Check
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
    - A Sterile Tray Containing
  - Unsterile/Clean Tray Containing
  - Procedure
  - After Care
  - Complications
- LUMBAR PUNCTURE
  - Purpose
  - Indications
  - Contraindications
  - General Instructions
  - CSF Analysis Done to Detect
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
    - An Unsterile Tray Containing
    - A Sterile Tray Containing
  - Procedure
  - Postprocedure Care
  - Complications
- BONE MARROW BIOPSY AND ASPIRATION
  - Purpose
  - Indications
  - Site and Position of the Patient
  - General Instructions
  - Preliminary Assessment Check
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
    - A Sterile Tray Containing
    - An Unsterile Tray Containing
  - Procedure
  - Postprocedure Care
  - Complications
    - According to the Site
  - Other Complications
- RENAL BIOPSY
  - Indications
  - Types of Renal Biopsy
  - Site and Position
  - General Instructions
  - Preliminary Assessment Check
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
    - A Sterile Tray Containing
    - An Unsterile Tray Containing
  - Procedures
  - Postprocedure Care
  - Complications
  - Types of Cervical Biopsy
    - Punch Biopsy
    - Cervical Conization
  - General Instructions
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
    - A Sterile Tray Containing
    - An Unsterile Tray Containing
  - Procedure
  - Postprocedure Care
- SUTURE REMOVAL
  - Purpose
  - Principle
    - The Usual Timing
    - Factors Affecting the Suture Removal
  - Types
  - General Instructions
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Preparation of Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - Postprocedure Care
- BLOOD TRANSFUSION
  - Purpose
  - General Instructions
  - Preparation
  - Procedure
  - After Care of Patient
  - Complications
- INTRAVENOUS CUT DOWN
  - Purpose
  - Principles
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Preparation of the Patient
  - Equipment
    - Intravenous Solutions
  - Procedure
  - After Care
  - Complications
- SURGICAL SOAK
  - Purpose
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Preparation of the Patient
  - Equipment
  - Solutions Used
  - Procedure
- PREOPERATIVE NURSING CARE
  - Purpose
  - The Preparation of the Patient before Surgery
    - Psychological Preparation
  - Eradicate Fear of Operation from the Patient
  - Meet the Spiritual Needs of the Patient
  - Obtain Informed Consent
  - Build up the General Health of the Patient and Correction of the Disease Process for Speedy Recovery
  - Preoperative Teaching
  - Surgical Preparation of the Skin
  - Preparation of the Patient on the Evening before Operation
  - Preparation of the Patient on the Day of Surgery
  - Sending the Patient to Operating Room
- POSTOPERATIVE CARE
  - Types of Surgery
  - Postoperative Care (General)
    - Preparation of Postanesthetics and Reception of the Patient
  - Care of Patient who is under the Effects of Anesthesia
  - Observation of the Patient in the Postoperative Period
  - Diet of the Patient
  - Postoperative Health Teaching
- SURGICAL DRESSING
  - Purpose
  - Types of Dressing
  - General Instructions
  - Equipment
    - Sterile
    - Unsterile
  - Procedure
  - After Care (Follow-up Care)
- SURGICAL FOMENTATION
  - Purpose
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Equipment
  - Preparation of the Patient
  - Procedure
    - After Care
- CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY
  - Purpose
  - Preparation of the Patient
  - Procedure
    - After Care
  - Complications
- NASOGASTRIC INSERTION
  - Purpose
  - Indications
    - Therapeutic
    - Diagnostic
  - Types of Tubes Used
    - Description of Rules Tube
  - General Instructions
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Preparation of Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - Postprocedure Care
- ENTERAL/NASOGASTRIC FEEDING
  - Purpose
  - Advantages of Enteral Tube Feeding
  - Methods of Tube Feeding
  - General Instructions
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipment
    - A Clean Tray Containing
  - Procedure
  - Postprocedure Care
  - Complications of Tube Feeding
- COLOSTOMY IRRIGATION
  - Purpose
  - Types of Colostomy
  - Solutions Used for Colostomy Irrigation (Fig. 21.12)
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Preparation of the Patient and the Environment
  - Preparation of the Article
  - Procedure
  - Postprocedure Care
- RECTAL EXAMINATION
  - Purpose
  - Indications
    - Methods and Position
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Preparation of the Patient and Environment
  - Equipments
  - Procedure
  - Complications
- BARIUM ENEMA
  - Purpose
  - Types
  - Principles
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Preparation of the Patient
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - After Care
  - Complication
- INSERTION OF SENGSTAKEN-BLACKMORE (SB) TUBE BALLOON TAMPONADE
  - Equipment
  - Procedure
  - Postprocedural Care
- LIVER BIOPSY
  - Definition
  - Purpose
  - Indication
  - Contraindication
  - Position (Fig. 21.13)
  - General Instruction
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Preparation of Patient and Environment
  - Articles Needed
    - An Unsterile Tray
    - Sterile Tray
  - Procedure
  - After Care
  - Complication
- BARIUM MEAL
  - Purpose
  - Principles
  - General Instruction
  - Types
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Preparation of the Articles
    - A Tray Containing
  - Preparation of the Patient
  - Procedure
  - After Care
  - Complication
- SIGMOIDOSCOPY
  - Purpose
  - Principles (Fig. 21.14)
  - General Instruction
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Preparation of the Article
  - Preparation of the Patient
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- COLONOSCOPY
  - Purpose
    - Diagnostic Purposes
    - Therapeutic Purpose
  - Indication
  - Principles (Fig. 21.15)
  - General Instruction
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Preparation of the Article
  - Preparation of the Patient
  - Procedure
  - After Care
  - Complication
- GASTRIC ANALYSIS
  - Basal Gastric Analysis (Tube)
  - Stimulation Gastric Analysis (Tube)
  - Tubeless Gastric Analysis
  - Normal Findings
  - Purposes
  - Clinical Problems
    - Decreased Level
    - Elevated Level
  - Client Preparation
  - Procedure
  - Tubeless Gastric Analysis
  - Factors Affecting Diagnostic Results
- CHOLANGIOGRAPHY (INTRAVENOUS, PERCUTANEOUS, T-TUBE)
  - Description
  - Clinical Problems
  - Client Preparation
  - Procedure
- ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENOSCOPY/ESOPHAGOGASTROSCOPY
  - Purposes
  - Clinical Problems
  - Client Preparation
  - Procedure
  - Postprocedural Care
    - Complications
  - Factor Affecting Diagnostic Results
- ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY
  - Purposes
  - Indications
  - Client Preparation
  - Procedure
  - Postprocedural Care
    - Factor Affecting Diagnostic Results
  - Client Teaching
- WOUND CARE
  - Purpose of Dressing
  - Types of Dressing
  - General Instructions
  - Preliminary Assessment
  - Equipment
    - A Sterile Tray Containing
    - A Trolley Containing
  - Procedure
  - After Care
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 22:Rehabilitative Nursing
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- REHABILITATION TEAM
- REHABILITATION AND NURSING PROCESS
- REHABILITATIVE NURSING
- REHABILITATION APPROACHES
  - Major Approaches to Rehabilitation
  - Special Nursing Approach
- REHABILITATION AND DISABILITY
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 23:Nursing Informatics
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITIONS
- FRAMEWORK OF NURSING INFORMATICS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 24:Complementary/Alternative Therapies of Health
- INTRODUCTION
- USES OF COMPLEMENTARY THERAPY
- NURSES ROLE IN COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES
- INTEGRATIVE APPROACH IN HEALTHCARE
- BIOFEEDBACK
- NURSES ROLE
- CONCLUSION
APPENDIX 1:Abbreviations and Symbols
APPENDIX 2:Temperature Conversion Table
- TEMPERATURE
APPENDIX 3:Child Development Chart
APPENDIX 4:Laboratory Values
- NORMAL VALUES
Glossary

INDEX

TOC
Index

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Chapter Notes