Pediatric Nephrology Arvind Bagga, RN Srivastava
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1PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY
3PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY
Sixth Edition
Editors RN Srivastava FRCP(Ed) FAMS Senior Consultant Pediatric Nephrology Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals New Delhi, India Arvind Bagga MD FIAP FISN FAMS Professor of Pediatrics Division of Nephrology All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India
4
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Pediatric Nephrology
First Edition : 1994
Second Edition : 1997
Third Edition : 2001
Fourth Edition : 2005
Fifth Edition : 2011
Sixth Edition : 2016
9789385891939
Printed at
5Dedicated to
Our patients for the opportunity to learn and serve
Our families for their patience and unstinted support
6Contributors 9Preface to the Sixth Edition
We are very happy to present the sixth edition of Pediatric Nephrology. This book was initially published in 1994 and subsequent editions were brought out every 4 to 5 years, the last edition revised in 2011.
In 1980s, the specialty of pediatric nephrology was just beginning to get established in Asia and there was a need for a short text to help pediatricians manage children with disorders of kidney and urinary tract, and orient those having greater commitment towards the field of nephrology. The earlier editions were received with enthusiasm and lead to gradual expansion of its contents. Thus the book has grown from a handbook of 229 pages to its present size of approximately 600 pages.
Over the past two decades the scientific basis and the practice of pediatric nephrology have steadily grown. Major progress has been made towards clarifying the mechanisms of diseases particularly the genetic, immunological and molecular aspects, which would find clinical application. The present edition has been expanded to address these issues, but the emphasis remains on diagnosis and therapies. Each chapter has been revised to include current knowledge of the mechanisms and management and should meet the requirements of pediatricians, trainees, pediatric nephrologists and pediatric urologists. Children with renal diseases still are being treated by “adult” nephrologists, who would also be helped by this book.
We welcome new authors: Amita Sharma, Helen Liapis, Hui-Kim Yap, Lourdes Paula R Resontoc, Paul Winyard, Priyanka Khandelwal, Rukshana Shroff and Shina Menon. Their contributions have greatly enhanced the strength of the book. Chapters on renal cystic diseases, fluid and electrolyte disorders, refractory rickets, tubular disorders, chronic kidney diseases and those pertaining to renal replacement therapies have been rewritten. We are grateful to all authors for their scholarly inputs and ensuring that their chapters continue to provide updated information that meets the learning needs of the readers. We also thank Amit K Dinda and Geetika Singh for their help in providing photomicrographs.
Our sincere thanks to Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Group President), Mr Tarun Duneja (Director-Publishing), Mr KK Raman (Production Manager) and Ms Samina Khan (Executive PA to Director-Publishing) for their help.
January 2016
RN Srivastava
Arvind Bagga
11Preface to the First Edition
The need for a short practical text on disorders of the kidney and urinary tract in children has been long-felt.
Rapid advances have taken place in the diagnosis and management of various renal disorders in children. Antenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract is being increasingly made with ultrasonography. Computerized scanning, magnetic resonance and radionuclide imaging can provide definitive diagnostic information and enable continued evaluation of conditions such as vesicoureteric reflux and renal scarring, growth of a solitary kidney and renovascular lesions. New insights have been gained into the management of acute glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, urinary tract infections and chronic renal failure. The efficacy and feasibility of renal replacement therapy and renal transplantation in children have been well established.
Pediatricians and other first contact physicians bear a heavy responsibility of making a prompt diagnosis, carrying out initial therapy and preventing complications. A large proportion of renal disorders are recurrent or chronic and require long-term care and surveillance. Psychoemotional and socioeconomic factors are very important in such cases and need to be trickled adequately for the optimal management of the child. Such patients need to be jointly cared for by the family pediatrician and the pediatric nephrologists.
In developing countries the efforts must be directed toward appropriate therapy, cost-effectiveness and preventive nephrology. Unnecessary laboratory investigations and therapeutic modalities of unproven measures and recommendations must be promptly carried out.
The present text emphasizes the diagnostic evaluation and the management of children with renal and urinary tract disorders. Detailed considerations of renal pathophysiology and the mechanisms of diseases are not included for which pediatric nephrology textbooks and other sources may be consulted. We have attempted to give clear guidelines. Uncommon conditions have been very briefly referred to. Only a short introduction to chronic dialysis and renal transplantation is given and those deciding to use these modalities will need detailed information.
We thank Prof UN Bhuyan for providing renal histology illustrations. The secretarial help of Mr Surest Sahni is gratefully acknowledged. We are extremely grateful to Mr Harish Chawla, Director, Cipla Limited, for a generous contribution towards publication of this book. We are indebted to Mr Rajesh Sardana of Cambridge Press for his help and guidance.
January 1994
RN Srivastava
Arvind Bagga
Excerpts from Reviews
First Edition (1994)
This book provides a concise account of pediatric nephrology. Simple description of developmental anomalies followed by excellent chapters on hereditary nephropathies, acute glomerulonephritis, renal vasculitis, asymptomatic hematuria and proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, acute renal failure and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Chapters on renal tubular disorders, refractory rickets are concise and comprehensive. I think it will prove very useful to any doctor looking after sick children.
C Chantler
University of London, UK
Fourth Edition (2005)
This concise text provides essential information on nephrourological disorders, practical and comprehensive. Textbook fully revised and updated for the 21st century. The layout of the book is pleasing, with excellent anatomical artwork, radiological images, tables and color clinical urinary microscopy and histopathological plates. Excellent appendices. Book should be useful for general practitioners, pediatricians, nephrologists, urologists, intensivists, trainees, nurse specialists and clinicians managing children with nephrourological disorders.
SD Marks
Institute of Child Health, London, UK
Fifth Edition (2011)
Updated 26 chapters deal with all clinical problems encountered by the pediatrician and nephrologist. New contributors, with their vast experience, have done full justice to the chapters they have written. This book is worth its value in gold and must companion for all those who care for children with renal problems.
PK Pruthi
Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi
Fifth Edition (2011)
Numerous figures and tables are well integrated into 26 structured chapters. In contrast to other books, this one uses a predominantly clinical approach. Useful for clinicians at any level of expertise, the book has a broad target audience. All essential topics in the field are covered. Chapters structured similarly to allow easy access.
Stefan G Kiessling
University of Kentucky, College of Medicine