Editors
Narendra
Nath Khanna
MD DM FRCP (Lond., Glasg., Edin.) FACC FSCAI FESC FAPSIC FCCP FEISI FICC FCSI
Senior Consultant (Interventional Cardiology and Vascular Interventions)
Chairman, National Interventional Council, Cardiological Society of India (CSI) Chairman, Asia Pacific Vascular Society
Advisor, Apollo Group of Hospitals Coordinator (Vascular Services), Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals
New Delhi
India
Rishi
Sethi
MD DM FACC FESC FSCAI FAPSIC MAMS FCSI
Professor
Department of Cardiology
King George's Medical University
Lucknow,
Uttar Pradesh,
India
Convener CSI-STEMI Subspecialty Council
J Shiv
Kumar
MD (Internal Medicine) DM (Cardiology)
Senior Consultant and Head
Department of Cardiology Apollo Hospitals Secunderabad
Telangana
India
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NIC Companion Book of Interventional Cardiology
First Edition: 2016
9789385999987
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5Chairman, CSI Advisory Committee
- Amal Kumar Banerjee
- Past President, CSI
- Chairman
- CSI International Affairs
- Advisory Committee
- West Bengal, India
- HK Chopra
- Immediate Past President, CSI
- Chairman
- CSI National Affairs Advisory Committee
- New Delhi, India
- K Venugopal
- Past President, CSI
- Chairman, CSI Registry Studies
- Alapuzha
- Kerala, India
- Pradip Kumar Deb
- Past President, CSI
- Chairman
- CSI Scientific and Publications Affairs
- Advisory Committee
- Ajay Kumar Sinha
- Associate Editor, IHJ
- Patna, Bihar, India
- BP Singh
- EC Member, CSI
- Patna, Bihar, India
- Chandrasekhar N Makhale
- Joint Secretary
- Pune, Maharashtra, India
- CN Manjunath
- EC Member, CSI
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Dhiman Kahali
- EC Member, CSI
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- HK Chopra
- Immediate Past President, CSI
- Chairman
- CSI National Affairs Advisory Committee
- New Delhi, India
- Kajal Ganguly
- Vice President, CSI
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- KB Baksi
- Past President, CSI
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Kerkar Prafulla Gopinath
- EC Member, CSI
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Kewal C Goswami
- EC Member, CSI
- New Delhi, India
- MK Chhetri
- Past President, CSI
- Kolkata
- West Bengal, India
- Mrinal Kanti Das
- Hony General Secretary, CSI
- Kolkata
- West Bengal, India
- M Somasundaram
- EC Member, CSI
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- MS Ravi
- EC Member, CSI
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- PB Jayagopal
- EC Member, CSI
- Palakkad, Kerala, India
- PK Asokan
- EC Member, CSI
- Calicut, Kerala, India
- PP Mohanan
- Vice President, CSI
- Thrissur, Kerala, India
- Rabindra Nath Chakraborty
- EC Member, CSI
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- (Col) R Girish
- Co-opted Member (From Armed Forces)
- CSI
- Department of Cardiology
- Command Hospital
- Lucknow Cantt, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Vice President, CSI
- Delhi, India
- Rakesh Yadav
- EC Member, CSI
- New Delhi, India
- Sanjay Tyagi
- EC Member, CSI
- New Delhi, India
- Santanu Guha
- President, CSI
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Saumitra Ray
- EC Member, CSI
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Shirish MS Hiremath
- President, Elect-CSI
- Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Shishu Shankar Mishra
- EC Member, CSI
- Med ‘N’ Heart Clinic
- Cuttack, Odisha, India
- Soumitra Kumar
- Treasurer, CSI
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Soura Mookerjee
- Assistant Secretary
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- S Ramakrishnan
- EC Member, CSI
- New Delhi, India
- S Shanmugasundaram
- EC Member, CSI
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Sundeep Mishra
- Editor, Indian Heart Journal
- New Delhi, India
- Umesh Chandra Samal
- EC Member, CSI
- Patna, Bihar, India
- Ajay Kumar Sinha
- Convener
- Rheumatic Heart Disease
- CSI Subspecialty Council
- Patna, Bihar, India
- Johann Christopher
- Convener
- Cardiac Imaging
- CSI Subspecialty Council
- Secunderabad
- Telangana, India
- Narendra Nath Khanna
- Senior Consultant
- (Interventional Cardiology and Vascular Interventions)
- Chairman
- National Interventional Council Cardiological Society of India (CSI)
- Chairman
- Asia Pacific Vascular Society
- Advisor
- Apollo Group of Hospitals
- Coordinator (Vascular Services)
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals
- New Delhi, India
- Rakesh Yadav
- Convener
- Cardiac Rhythm Council
- CSI Subspecialty Council
- New Delhi, India
- Ravi R Kasliwal
- Convener
- CSI-LIPID Subspecialty Council
- Medanta—The Medicity
- Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- Rishi Sethi
- Convener
- CSI-STEMI Subspecialty Council
- Professor
- Department of Cardiology
- King George’s Medical University
- Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Sameer Shrivastava
- Convener
- Echo Cardiography
- CSI Subspecialty Council
- New Delhi, India
- SN Routray
- Convener, Registry Data
- CSI Subspecialty Council
- SCB Medical College
- Cuttack, Odisha, India
- S Ramakrishnan
- Convener
- Congenital Heart Disease
- CSI Subspecialty Council
- New Delhi, India
- S Shanmugasundaram
- Convener
- Preventive Cardiology
- CSI Subspecialty Council
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Umesh Chandra Samal
- Convener
- CSI, Heart Failure Council
- Patna, Bihar, India
- Vidyut Kumar Jain
- Convener, Hypertension
- CSI Subspecialty Council
- A Arya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS)
- Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- AB Mehta
- Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Akshyaya Pradhan
- Department of Cardiology
- King George’s Medical University
- Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Anmol Sonawane
- Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- AP Gowri Sankar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS)
- Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Arun Kalyanasundaram
- Swedish Medical Center
- Seattle, Washington WA 98122, USA
- Babu Reddy
- Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- BC Srinivas
- Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Bharat Dalvi
- Glenmark Cardiac Center
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- CM Nagesh
- Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Goran Stankovic
- Medical Faculty
- University of Belgrade
- Belgrade, Serbia
- G Sengottuvelu
- Senior Consultant and Interventional Cardiologist
- Apollo Hospitals
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- J Shiv Kumar
- Senior Consultant and Head
- Department of Cardiology
- Apollo Hospital
- Secunderabad
- Telangana, India
- Justin Er Davies
- Hammersmith Hospital Imperial College London, UK
- Kshitij Seth
- Consultant Cardiologist
- Fortis Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Lawrence Rajan
- Clinical Fellow
- Interventional Cardiology
- Apollo Hospitals
- New Delhi, India
- Manisha Chakrabarti
- Senior Consultant Pediatric Cardiology
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals
- New Delhi, India
- Manoj Kumar Rohit
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)
- Chandigarh, India
- Chairperson
- Asian Pacific Vascular Society
- Patron Apollo Vascular Institute
- Interventional Cardiologist, Luxembourg
- Milorad Zivkovic
- Department of Cardiology
- Clinical Center of Serbia
- Belgrade, Serbia
- Narendra Nath Khanna
- Chairman, National Interventional Council, Senior Consultant (Interventional Cardiology and Vascular Interventions)
- Cardiological Society of India (CSI)
- Chairman, Asia Pacific Vascular Society
- Advisor, Apollo Group of Hospitals
- Coordinator (Vascular Services)
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals
- New Delhi, India
- Omkar S Thopte
- Rubyhall Clinic
- Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Pavan Rasalkar
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical
- Education and Research (PGIMER)
- Chandigarh, India
- PK Pradhan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS)
- Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- PS Sandhu
- Fortis Hospital
- Ludhiana, Punjab, India
- Rini Pramesti
- Clinical Associate
- Department of Cardiology
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals
- New Delhi, India
- Rishi Sethi
- Professor
- Department of Cardiology
- King George’s Medical University
- Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- R Ravindran
- Associate Consultant and Interventional Cardiologist
- Department of Cardiology
- Apollo Hospitals
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Samir Pancholy
- The Commonwealth Medical College
- Scranton, Pennsylvania, USA
- Sanjay Mehrotra
- Narayana Hrudayalaya
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Sanjay Shah
- Smt NHL Municipal Medical College and Sheth VS General Hospital
- Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Sanjeev Kathuria
- GB Pant Institute and Maulana Azad
- Medical College
- New Delhi, India
- Sayan Sen
- Interventional Cardiologist
- Hammersmith Hospital Imperial College
- London, UK
- Shirish MS Hiremath
- Senior Consultant
- Interventional Cardiology
- Rubyhall Clinic
- Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Suparna Rao
- Ex-Clinical Associate
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals
- New Delhi, India
- Consultant Pediatric Cardiology
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals
- New Delhi, India
- Suryaprakash Rao
- Consultant Cardiologist
- Apollo Hospitals
- Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Tejas Patel
- Smt NHL Municipal Medical College and Sheth VS General Hospital
- Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Upendra Kaul
- Fortis Escorts Heart Institute and Fortis Hospital
- New Delhi, India
- Vijay Trehan
- GB Pant Institute and Maulana Azad
- Medical College
- New Delhi, India
- Vladimir Kanjuh
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
- Belgrade, Serbia
- Zlatko Mehmedbegovic
- Department of Cardiology
- Clinical Center of Serbia
NIC Companion Book of Interventional Cardiology is for anyone who is seriously interested in interventional cardiology. It is written keeping in mind the practical problems encountered by the interventional cardiologists in the beginning of their career, and Tips and Tricks are given by experts in their respective fields.
In the last 40 years, after the pioneering work of Charles Dotter and Andreas Gruentzig, interventional cardiology has grown many folds and now encompasses not only coronary interventions but also interventions for structural heart and vascular diseases.
The purpose of this companion book is to provide a user-friendly reference for young interventional operators. The book touches on the contentious issues and shows future trends and techniques, which will shape the future of interventional cardiology.
We will need the help of each and every one of you to give your valuable feedback and ideas for subsequent improvement of this book for subsequent editions.
Please respond to my e-mail (drnnkhanna@gmail.com). Till then, enjoy reading this
NIC Companion Book of Interventional Cardiology, 2016.
Narendra Nath Khanna
16Preface
A good book has no ending.
The science of interventional cardiology is in a state of constant flux worldwide. This book reflects the same sentiment. Last year, we made an attempt to provide younger interventional cardiologists a manual, which they could refer to for most of their common problems in interventional cardiology. This year, we move forward in dealing with more complex issues but the focus still is on our younger colleagues.
Highly decorated authors have come together and shared with all of us their experience gathered over decades. This is the most valuable gift, a teacher can give to his pupil, and we are sure that this gift would be cherished.
After days of some stress and hectic activity, it is really gratifying to see the book take a final shape. We hope that you will ignore the shortcomings that are an integral part of all human endeavors.
“If you cannot explain it simply enough, then you do not understand it well enough.”
—Albert Einstein
Narendra Nath Khanna
Rishi Sethi
18Acknowledgments
Based on the tremendous response to the NIC Handbook in 2015, we decided to expand the effort and bring before the country the next book with more chapters on advance interventional techniques.
It was a very difficult timeline that we gave our authors and we are extremely grateful to all of them to have worked under such pressure and have contributed to this endeavor. The only reason this book could be released on time is the commitment of these highly acclaimed authors. Their contribution is deeply acknowledged.
We also wish to thank the entire Executive Committee of Cardiological Society of India (CSI) for their support and guidance. Special thanks to Drs Santanu Guha, Shirish MS Hiremath, Pradip Kumar Deb, Amal Banerjee, HK Chopra, K Venugopal, and Mrinal Kanti Das for their guidance.
Dr Rini Pramesti (Indonesia), presently working as Clinical Associate, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India and Dr Suparna Rao helped in the evolution of the book.
Drs Akshyaya Pradhan, Ravninder Kuka and Ayush Shukla from King’s George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, were the unsung soldiers who helped us by burning the midnight oil. Their help is much appreciated. The entire office team of Chairman, National Interventional Council (NIC) was always on the job and took the brunt of all our frustrations and eccentricities.
The team from M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, also needs to be appreciated for the help and support they provided. Many friends spread across many cities extended a helping hand and need to be acknowledged—RP, Sriram, Rahul Rajan and many more form a part of that team.
Families are our constant support and cannot be thanked enough. Probably, they are learning to live with a lot of our love but little of our time.