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Short Cases in Clinical Exams of Internal Medicine
Wanis Hamad Ibrahim
1:
Cardiovascular Cases
HOW TO EXAMINE A PATIENT WITH HEART DISEASE IN THE CLINICAL EXAMINATION?
IMPORTANT CLUES REGARDING CARDIOVASCULAR CASES IN THE CLINICAL EXAMINATION
MITRAL STENOSIS
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
Candidate
MITRAL REGURGITATION
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
Candidate
AORTIC REGURGITATION
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
AORTIC STENOSIS
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
Candidate
PATIENT WITH A PROSTHETIC HEART VALVE
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
Candidate
VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
Candidate
EISENMENGER COMPLEX
ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
DEXTROCARDIA
Common Pitfalls
Candidate
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
2:
Respiratory Cases
HOW TO EXAMINE THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?
BILATERAL BASAL CRACKLES
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS AND INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE
BRONCHIECTASIS
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
DULLNESS AT THE LUNG BASE
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
PLEURAL EFFUSION
PNEUMONECTOMY/LOBECTOMY
Common Pitfall
UNILATERAL LUNG FIBROSIS (POST-TUBERCULOUS)
Differential Diagnosis of Unilateral Pulmonary Fibrosis
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
3:
Abdominal Cases
HOW TO EXAMINE THE ABDOMEN?
CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
HEMOCHROMATOSIS
Important Clues
Common Pitfalls
PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS
Important Clues
Common Pitfalls
JAUNDICE
Common Pitfalls
Common Exam Scenarios
Examiner Instructions
THALASSEMIA MAJOR
Important Clues
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
ADULT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE (APKD)
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
RENAL TRANSPLANT
Important Clues
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
HEPATOSPLENOMEGALY
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
MASSIVE SPLENOMEGALY
HEPATOMEGALY WITHOUT SPLENOMEGALY
PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS
Important Clues
Common Pitfall
Examiner Instructions
POLyCYTHEMIA VERA
Important Clues
Common pitfall
Examiner Instructions
ASCITES
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
LIVER TRANSPLANT
Important Clues
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
4:
Neurology Cases
HOW TO PERFORM A NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION OF THE LOWER (OR UPPER) LIMBS?
COMMON LOWER LIMB NEUROLOGIC CASES
Spastic Paraparesis
FLACCID (LOWER MOTOR NEURON) PARAPARESIS
SPASTIC PARAPARESIS
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
SUBACUTE COMBINED DEGENERATION OF THE CORD (B12 DEFICIENCY)
TABES DORSALIS
FRIEDREICH'S ATAXIA
MOTOR NEURON DISEASE
PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
HEREDITARY SENSORI: MOTOR NEUROPATHY (CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH)
Common Pitfalls
GUILLAIN-BARRé SYNDROME
Important Clues to the Diagnosis
Common Pitfall
CRANIAL NERVE PALSIES
How to Perform a Cranial Nerve Examination?
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
THIRD CRANIAL NERVE PALSY
SIXTH CRANIAL NERVE PALSY
LOWER MOTOR NEURON FACIAL PALSY
HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE PALSY
INTERNUCLEAR OPHTHALMOPLEGIA
Common Pitfalls
Important Clues
Examiner Instructions
Candidate
CEREBELLAR SYNDROME
How to Examine the Cerebellar System?
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
Candidate
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
How to Examine a Case of Myasthenia Gravis?
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
Candidate
MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY
How to Examine a Case of Myotonic Dystrophy?
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
Candidate
PARKINSON'S DISEASE
How to Examine a Case of Parkinson’ s Disease?
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
PTOSIS
HORNER'S SYNDROME
How to Examine a Patient with Horner's Syndrome?
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
5:
Endocrine, Rheumatology, Connective Tissue and Skin Cases
GRAVES’ DISEASE
How to Examine a Patient with Graves’ Disease?
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
Candidate
ACROMEGALY
How to Examine a Case of Acromegaly?
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
Candidate
CUSHING'S SYNDROME
How to Examine a Patient with Suspected Cushing's Syndrome?
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
Candidate
PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM
How to Examine a Case of Pseudohypoparathyroid Hormone (PTH)?
Important Clues
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
TURNER SYNDROME
How to Examine a Case of Turner Syndrome?
Important Clues
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
DEFORMING ARTHRITIS OF THE HANDS
How to Examine a Patient with Deforming Arthritis of the Hands?
Common Pitfalls
ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
How to Examine a Patient with Suspected Ankylosing Spondylitis?
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
Candidate
SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS
How to Examine a Patient with Suspected Systemic Sclerosis?
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
Candidate
TAKAYASU'S ARTERITIS PULSELESS DISEASE
How to Examine a Patient with Suspected Takayasu's Disease?
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
MARFAN'S SYNDROME
How to Examine a Patient with Suspected Marfan's Syndrome?
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
PAGET'S DISEASE OF THE BONE
How to Examine a Case of Paget's Disease?
Examiner Instructions
HENOCH-SCHÖNLEIN Purpura
How to Examine a Case of HENOCH-SCHÖNLEIN (HS) Purpura?
Common Pitfall
Examiner Instructions
DERMATOMYOSITIS
How to Examine a Case of Dermatomyositis?
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
HEREDITARY HEMORRHAGIC TELANGIECTASIA “OSLER-WEBER-RENDU DISEASE”
How to Examine a Patient with Suspected Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT)?
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
NEUROFIBROMATOSIS “TYPE 1” “VON RECKLINGHAUSEN'S DISEASE”
How to Examine a Patient with Suspected Neurofibromatosis?
Common Pitfalls
Examiner Instructions
DIABETIC FOOT, NEUROPATHY AND ARTHROPATHY
How to Examine the Diabetic Leg?
CHARCOT JOINT
6:
Fundus Cases
FUNDUS CASES IN THE CLINICAL Examination
How to Perform Fundus Examination?
Common Pitfalls during Fundoscopic Examination
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
HYPERTENSIVE RETINOPATHY
OPTIC ATROPHY
PAPILLEDEMA
RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA
CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION
INDEX
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