Principles of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Rajesh Bardale
INDEX
Page numbers followed by f refer to figure and t refer to table.
A
Abdomen 389f
blunt trauma to 271f
distension of 478t
examination of 176
injury to 271, 271f
with striae marks 402f
Abdominal cavity 174
Abdominal girth 59
Abdominal pain 478t
Aborted material, examination of 403
Abortifacient drugs 400
Abortion 398, 399, 458
causes of spontaneous 399t
classification of 398f
complication of criminal 402
criminal 399, 400, 400f, 400t, 403t
legal aspects of 399
external genitals in 403f
fabricated 399
justifiable 404
legal concept on 398f
natural 399, 403t
procure criminal 401f
stick 401, 401f
unsafe 399
Abrus 523
seeds 524f
Accident 246
Acetic acid 473, 497
Acetylcholine 551f
Acid 158
inorganic 495
phosphatase 459
Aconite 565
plant 565f
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 435
kit used autopsy 436f
Acro reaction 321
Acrodynia 515
Addiction 609
Adenosine triphosphatase 287
Adipocere 161
formation 162f, 163, 163f
Advanced life-sustaining equipment 130
Advanced resuscitation techniques 130
Agglutination inhibition test 391
Agglutination test 391f
Agonal period 134
Air 160
bags 277
gun 223f
under water, demonstration of 412
Albuminuria 480t
Alcohol 572, 581
dehydrogenase 574
influence of 583f
intoxication 575, 576, 576t
nystagmus 580
poisoning, acute 575
types of 573
uses of 574
Alcoholic beverages 573f
types of 573
Alcoholic blackouts 584
Alcoholic palimpsest 584
Alcoholism, complication of 583
Aldehyde syndrome 585, 585t
Algor mortis 140
Alkali
corrosive 500, 500t
type of 501t
Alkaloids of ergot 532
Aluminum 231f
phosphide 473, 558
tablets 558f
Amenorrhea, secondary 387
American Law Institute Test, 1970 452
American Society of Anesthesiologists 437
Amines 158
Amino acids 158
Ammonium
carbonate 500
hydroxide 500
Amnesia 445
Amphophyle 572
Amputation 77f
Amyl nitrate 567
Anemia 481t
Anemic anoxia 327
Anesthesia, types of 437
Anesthetic death 437, 438
Anesthetic patients, classification of 437
Anesthetic, local 437
Animal hair 462t, 463f
Animals activity 180
Anoxia 326
Anoxic anoxia 326
Ant bites 181f, 195f
Antemortem
abrasion 195t
burns 310, 311t
contusion 202t
drowning 359f
hanging 340t
injuries 181f, 285, 287t
lacerated wound 210t
Antenatal causes 446
Anthropometry 75
Antidote 485
administration 553, 556
classification 485
Antimony 521
compounds of 521t
management 521
trisulfide 521f
Anxiety 446
Appellate tribunal 24
Arcus senilis 71f
Ardonic smile 597
Areola, hyperpigmentation of 388
Argemone mexicana plant 607f
Aromatic substances 158
Arrhythmia, toxic causes of 477t
Arsenic 473, 509
disulfide 509
inorganic compounds of 509t
poisoning 511t
trioxide 509
trisulfide 510f
Artefact
by environment 182
embalming 182
third party 180
Arterial blood 259, 458, 458f
Arterial embalming 440
Articulated pelvis 119t
Asphyxia 136
causes of 137t, 327
environmental 327
mechanical 327, 330
pathological 328
pathophysiology of 328
signs of 329, 329f
stages of 328
types of 327
vicious cycle of 328f
Asphyxiants 601
Assault 33
Assisted reproduction technique 420
Ataxia, toxic causes of 476t
Auditory hallucinations 443
Autoerotic hanging 340
Autopsy 169, 171, 296, 298, 302, 320, 322, 333, 341, 343, 347, 348, 349, 353, 414, 415, 425, 435, 438, 439, 499, 505, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 525, 544, 553, 555, 556, 557, 559, 562, 563, 565, 566, 567, 571, 585, 587, 591, 593, 594, 598, 599, 600, 603605, 608, 610
clinical 131, 169, 170t
examination 244
negative 176
procedure 171
report 170
surgeon induced artefact 182
technique 172
types of 169
Axonal injury, classification of diffuse 266t
B
Back, injury in 279f
Bailable warrant 12f
Balancing medical practice 20f
Ballistic
effects, unusual 244
external 221
internal 221
Bangles, blackening of 304f
Bansdola 345, 346f
Barberio test 459
Bare footprints 85
Barne's sign 388
Barrel, cross section of 224f
Basophilic stippling 512f
Battered baby syndrome 414
Battle sign 201, 250
Bee 546
venom 546
Belly scales of
nonvenomous snakes 535f
venomous snakes 535f
Benzidine test 99f
Bhang 592, 592f
Bigamy 418
Bi-iliac diameter 122t
Biological tests 391
Biomedical waste 44t
management 43
Birds activity 180
Birth
concealment of 413
in caul 396, 397f
mark on back 77f
Bite mark 91f, 92
evidence 91
recording of 91
Bitter almond 566f
Black powder 226
Bladder, injury to 273
Blanket consent 34
Bleaching of cuticle 353
Blood 413, 455, 494
alcohol result 581
brain-barrier 267
dyscrasia 481t
examination of 455
fluidity of 330
group 457, 463
determination of 460
types of 457
in lung bed 411
level 575t
manifestations 479
source of 457, 458, 458f, 458t
stain 455, 458, 458t
age of 457
pattern of 458f
test for 455t
vessels 143f, 200, 327f
Bodily harm 185
Bodily pain 283
Body
condition of 161, 424
cooling of 140
Davidson 457f
decomposed 51, 177f
disposal of 131
examination of 245
decomposed 177
mutilated 177
exhumed 179f
fluids 493
functions, disorders of 446
in grave 178f
Packer syndrome 594
part 200
of bullet, distorted 231f
Stuffer syndrome 595
temperature, fall of 142f
weight, part of 331
with ligature material, decomposed 177f, 342f
Bolam test 42
Bombay Prohibition Act 1949 585
Bone 94, 106f
for forensic examination 94f
fusion of 101
length 108, 112
marrow
depression 481t
drowning from 358f
nitrogen content with time 99f
old 97f
recent 97f
temporal 408f
with soft tissues 97f
Bore cartridge, smooth 226f
Boric acid 494
Boxer's injury 269
Boxer's laceration 207
Bradycardia, toxic causes of 476t
Brain 158, 265
contusion of 199f
death 131, 132
mixed 132
whole 132
fingerprinting 467
functioning 576
injury 258, 265, 254f
classification of 265t
mechanism of 265
liquefied 159f
tissue, strata of 265f
Brainstem
death 132
determination of 132
hemorrhage 264f
reflexes 133
Breast 361
changes in 388, 402f
development in female 60t
anterior view 61f
lateral view 61f
Breath analyzer 581
Breech plate 221
Breslau's second life test 412
Bridegroom impotence 382
Bromobenzyl cyanide 612
Bronchitis, toxic causes of 478t
Bruise 200
artificial 203
causes of artificial 204t
value of 201
Brush burn 192f
Buccal coitus 377
dangers of 377
Bullet 229, 230f
broken jacket of 232f
graze 241f
types of 230
Bumper, injury to 276f
Burial, manner of 160
Burn 298, 314t
age of 310
bride 310
causation of 298
charring due 307f
classification of 299
deep 300, 306f
depth of 299, 301
endogenous 317
epidermal 300
exogenous 317
from periphery, healing of 312f
in flash burn 320f
injuries
age of 311t
infected 308f
linear 323
split over skin to 308f
split rupture to 183f
split to 308f
surface 323
area in children 303f
to lightning 323f
zones identified in 299f
Burnt clothe 303f
C
Cadaveric spasm 151, 151f, 151t, 353
Calcium
disodium edetate 486
hydroxide 500
Caliber of rifled firearm 228, 229f
Callus formation, stage of 97
Calotropis 528
gigantea plant 529f
procera plant 529f
Camphor 473
Cannabis 592
plant 592f
preparations of 592
Caput succedaneum 413, 413f, 414t
Carbolic acid 497, 498
crystals 498f
in liquid form 498f
Carbon dioxide 328f, 603, 603t
Carbon monoxide 473, 601
poisoning 602t
Carboxyhemoglobin 602, 602t
signs of 602t
symptoms of 602t
Cardiovascular system 475
Cartridge case 225, 229
function of 225
Cartridge of
riffled firearm 229, 229f
shotgun 225
smooth bore firearm 225f
Casper's dictum 142
Castor 525
fruit 525f
plant 525f
seeds 526f, 526t
Causation of injury 285
Causing miscarriage 399
without woman's consent 400
Cavity embalming 440
Cell with deoxyribonucleic acid 125f
Central nervous system 382, 473
Cephalhematoma 414t
Cephalic index 99, 101t
Cerebral
brain death 132
concussion 266
contusion 267
edema 267
causes of 488t
lacerations 269
Cerebrospinal fluid 439
Cerebrovascular episode 602
Cervix 396f
Chadwick's sign 388
Charas 592
Charcoal, activated 484
Chavostek's sign positive 500
Cheese-cutter 341
Cheiloscopy 86
Chest
causes, injury to 270
cavity 174
circumference 59
examination of 176
in respired fetus, shape of 410f
in unrespired fetus, shape of 410f
Chilblains 297
Child, abandonment of 413
Chili seed 528f, 591t
Chillum for drug-smoking 610f
Chloracetophenon 612
Chloroform 473
Choking 348, 348f
advantages of 224
different degree of 225t
of smooth bore firearm 224f
Cholera 511t
Cholinesterase enzyme 551f
Chromolachryorrhea 551
Cinderella syndrome 415
Circulatory collapse, causes of 477t
Circum-oral pallor 518
Civil cases 394, 409, 455
Civil negligence 37, 39t
Civil responsibilities 450
Clavicle 115, 118f, 118t
ossification of 118t
Claw hand deformity 77f
Clerambault's syndrome 445
Cloning 422
types of 423
Clothes
collection of 368f
examination of 245
Cloud to earth lightning 321
Cobra, common 535, 536f
Cocaine 593
bugs 594
Codified law 8
Cold
exposure to 296, 424
injury to 296
stiffening 152
Collapsed blister 317
in electrocution 318f
Colocynth 531
fruit with seeds 531f
plant with fruit 531f
Coma
causes of 133, 136t, 475t
stage of 576
Command hallucinations 444
Commission, acts of 406
Common witness 16
Communication to police 31
Comparative identification 89
Compression suffocation 348
Condom packet, empty 371f
Confabulation 445
Congenital deformity 77f
Conium 473
maculatum plant 600f
Conjugal paranoia 445
Consanguinity 419
Consciousness 445
clouding of 445
disorders of 445
Consent 366, 371, 404
case 35
components of 34
exception to informed 34
expressed 33
importance of 32
of spouse 35
types of 33, 34
Constipation 478t
Consumer Protection Act 1986 43
Consumer redressal agencies 43
functioning of 43
Consumer redressal forum, composition of 44t
Contact shot 236, 242
Contrecoup 269
Contrecoup injury 268f
Contused abrasion 193, 194f
Contusion 201f
age of 201, 201f, 201t
bluish 202f
black 202f
black to brown 202f
superficial 198f
to causative mechanism, classification of 268
Convulsions, causes of 475t
Copper 507, 508f
acetoarsenite 507, 508f
arsenite 507, 508f
carbonate 507
jacket of bullet, broken 231f
subacetate 507
sulfate 507, 508f
toxic salts of 507t
uses 507
Cornea
central depression over 139f
hazy 139f
opaque 139f
partially hazy 138f
wrinkling of 139f
Coronal incision scalp 172f
Coroner's inquest 9
Corporate negligence 41
Cortical bone 95f
Cortical brain death 132
Cough, toxic causes of 478t
Country made firearm 223f
Courts in India, types of 10f
Cramps, heat 298
Cranial
cavity 173
fossa, left middle 262f
nerves 133t
Crime, scene of 285, 458t, 554f
Criminal cases 6, 394, 409, 455
classification of 7
Criminal courts, powers of different 11t
Criminal negligence 38, 39t
examples of 38
Criminal Procedure Code 7
Criminal responsibilities 451
Croton seed 526t
Crown-heel length 54f
Crown-rump length 53
Crush laceration 206, 208f
Crystal tests 456
Cubital fossa, left 285f
Culpable homicide 294
Cupping, procedure of 401f
Curare 599
plant 599f
Curren's rule 452
Cutaneous electric marks, production of 315
Cutis anserina 353, 354f
Cutting weapon 292f
Cyanide 473
Cyanosis 329
of nail beds 329f
Cyclist, injury by 277f
D
Danbury tremor 515
Datura 589
alba plant 590f
fruit 590f
niger plant 590f
seed 591t
Dead birth 407
Dead body challan 170
Deadborn child 407
Deafness, toxic causes of 483t
Death
after death 130
apparent 134
causes of 98, 133, 143, 161, 282, 288, 296, 301, 313, 331, 341, 348, 353, 496, 552, 562, 584, 597
cellular 131
certificate 133, 134f
changes after 130, 136, 137
contributory cause of 133
delayed cause of 288
diagnosis of 133
early changes after 136, 138
from alcohol intoxication 576
from injuries, cause of 288
in criminal abortion, causes of 402
in dry drowning 350f
in electrocution, cause of 315
in immersion syndrome 351f
in infants, causes of 406t
manner of 136, 137f
mechanism of 134
modes of 135, 136f
to starvation 424
to surgical procedure 438
type of 131, 137t
Defense lawyer 3
Deflorated 362t
Deformity 76, 289f
Delhi Artificial Insemination (Human) Act, 1995 421
Deliriant poisons 589
Delirium 445
causes of 476t
tremens 584
Delivery in dead, evidences of 395
recent 395
remote 395, 396
Delivery, expected date of 393
Delusional dysmorphophobia 445
Dent over ball 256f
Dental charting 88
system of 89f, 90f
Dental feature 57t
Dental fingerprints 91
Dental lamina, development of 57
Dentine deposition, secondary 72f
Denture, artificial 90f
Deoxyribonucleic acid 124
contamination 127
evidence 127
fingerprinting
advantages of 126
disadvantages of 126
profiling 51, 175
application of 127
structure of 125f
technique 127
typing, techniques of 124
Dereliction of duty 37
Dermal features in poisoning 482t
Dermal manifestation 479
Dermo-epidermal burns 303, 306f
fresh 305f, 306
Desferrioxamine 487
Detonator 225
Diaphanous test 138
Diaphragm, injury to 270
Diarrhea 478t
Diatom 357, 358f
test 358
Dimethoate compound 554f
Diphenyl cyanarsine 612
Diphenylamine chlorarsine 612
Diphenylamite 226
Diphenylchloroarsine 612
Direct agglutination test 391
Disciplinary control 22
Disease, classification of 447
Disposal of waste 45
Disputed maternity 397
Disulfiram 584
adverse effects of 585t
Divorce, nullity of 421
Doctors and medical records 32
Documentary evidence 13
Dog hair 463f
Dowry death 310, 312
Driver in
back impact, injury to 279f
front impact, injury by 278f
Drowning, causes of 349
Drugs abuse, complications of 610
Drugs Act 1950 492
Drugs affecting gastric emptying 574t
Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 491
Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945 492
Drugs and Magic Remedies (objectionable advertisements) Act, 1954 492
Drugs
club 610t
dependence 609
of misuse 609
slowing gastric emptying 574
Drunkenness 577
Dry belly ache 518
Dry drowning 350
Dry heat burns 299
Dumdum bullet 230
Dupuytren's classification of burns 299, 300f
Durham's rule (1954) 452
Dying declaration 14, 15
Dying deposition 14, 15
Dysphagia 479t
Dyspnea, causes of 477t
Dysuria 480t
E
Ear
changes in middle 412
injury to 250
manifestations 479
Echolalia 444
Ectopic contusion 198, 250
Edema aquosum 356
Edema over feet 426f
Elapid bite 541f
Electric current
entry 317f
exit of 317f
Electricity, injury to 296, 314
Embalming fluid, composition of 440
Embalming, methods of 440
Embryo
developmental age of 53t
donation 420
transfer 420
Emergency services and doctors 31
Emotions, disorders of 446
Emphrosthotonus 597
Emphysema
aquosum 356
toxic causes of 478t
Encephalopathy, toxic causes of 476t
Enzyme 158, 175
activity in antemortem wound 288f
Epidural hematoma 259
Ergot 532f
Ergotism 532
Erotomania delusion 445
Erythematous tissue 369f
Ethanol oxidizing system 574
Ethical aspect of medical practice 20
Ethyl alcohol 572
Euthanasia 428430
active 429
favor of 428
passive 429
practicing 26
Evidences, types of 15
Ewing's postulate 289
Excitement, stage of 575
Excusable homicide 294
Exhibitionism 379
Expert witness 16
Explosive bullet 230
Extragenital signs 361
Eye
after death, changes in 138f
black 198f, 250, 250f, 251, 251f
changes in 138
injury to 251
of drunken person 579f
production of black 252f
Eyebrows 56f
Eyelids 56f
F
Face
distortion of 253f
injury to 250
Fallacies of tests 391, 411
Fasciculation 481t
Fatal period 333, 424, 598
Fatality 259
Feigned insanity 449
Female clavicle 118f
Femur 106, 106t, 109t
bone 106f
length 108t
lower end of 67f
nonfusion of 107f
ossification of 106t
upper end of 67f
Ferrous sulfate 519f
poisoning 520f
Fetal age
estimation by crown-rump length 54t
formula for 58
Fetal alcohol
effect 584
syndrome 584
Fetal autopsy 175
Fetal blood 458
Fetal effects of alcohol 584
Fetal skull 176f
Feticide 406, 416
Fetus 55t, 56f, 173f
age in 52
of gestational 5456f
papyraceous 394
Fever, toxic causes of 483t
Fibers 461
morphology of 464
Fibrillary tremors 552
Fibula 109, 110f, 110t
upper end of 67f
Filicide 406
Filigree burns 323
Fingernail scrapings, collecting 370f
Fingerprint
at scene of crime 82
classification of 81t
comparison of 82
in dead bodies 83
maintenance of 84
patterns 81f
recording of 82
system 81
types of 82f
Fingers, scores to 85t
Firearm 290
classification of 221
hand-held, smooth bore 293f
injuries 221
parts of 223f
residue, detection of 246
shoulder rest, smooth bore 293f
wounds 233
Firing, mechanism of 224f
Fish-tail appearance 215
Flabby heart 160f
Flaccid weakness 552
Flash burns 315
Floatation test 411
Florence test 459, 460f
Fluorescence method 73
Fly, life cycle of 165, 166
Foamy liver 160f
Fodere's test 411
Food poisoning 606
by bacteria 607
Foot
development of 56f
distal 306f
length, age from 58t
lividity on 146f
of mummified body 164f
with four digits 77f
Footprints 85
Forehead, close shot over left 238f
Forensic
anatomy 147
of meninges 258
of skin 186
of skull 252
autopsy 170, 170t
ballistics 222f
entomology 165
medicine 3
importance 3
odontology 88, 89
osteology 94
photography 175
psychiatry 442
science laboratory 465
functions of 465
Fracture 269
abduction 338
anteroposterior
compression 338
type 345
at forearm 278f
avulsion 345
bumper 275
burst 310f
close 219f
comminuted 255, 255f
complication of 219
compound 219f
depressed 254, 255f
diastatic 256
direct force 252
gutter 256, 256f
healing, stage of 97
heat 308
hinge 257, 258f
inward compression 345
linear 254
malunion of 78f
of hyoid bone in
hanging 339f
throttling 345f
of skull
burst 309f
cut 258f
to general deformation 253f
perforating 257, 258f
Puppe's rule 254f
ring 257
signature 255
sutural 256, 257f
thermal 308
types of 258f
Frangible bullet 232
Friction burn over forearm 298f
Front collision 278f
Frontotemporal region, left 262f
Frostbite 297
degrees of 297t
Froth in drowning 355f
Fruit of yellow oleander 564f
Full jacket bullet 231
Fusion, age of 102
G
Gallbladder 426f
Gamete intrafallopian tube transfer 420
Gang rape 366
Gangrene 477t
Ganja 473, 592, 593f
Gas
chromatography 553
mass spectrometry 553
of decomposition 155t
stiffening 152, 152f
Gastric 554f
and intestinal mucosa 520f
bleed 458
lavage 484
tube 484f
mucosa
color of 488t
in copper sulfate poisoning 509f
Gastroenteritis, toxic causes of 478
Gastrointestinal system 477
Gastrointestinal tract, changes in 412
Gaze nystagmus 580
Genetic causes 446
Genital development in male 60t
Genital examination 368f, 371
in male 372f
Genital signs 361
Genitourinary system 479, 583
Gestation, period of 393
Gestational age 393
Gettler test 357
Glasgow coma scale 249, 475t
Glass jaw 504
Glassing injuries 211
Glow of cloud 321
Glycosuria 480t
Goldilocks phenomenon 163
Gonadal agenesis 51
Gonadal biopsy 50
Gonadal dysgenesis 51
Gongylophis conicus 539
Goodell's sign 390
Granulation tissue 312f
formation, stage of 97
Gravid uterus 388f, 393f, 396f
Graying of hairs 66
Graze abrasion 191, 192f
formation 192f
Grease collar 235f
production of 235f
Greater trochanter, nonfusion of 107f
Green bottle flies 158f
Greenish contusion 202f
Grievous hurt 4, 282, 283
Ground section of each tooth 72f
Gunpowder residue over hand 246f
Gunshot wounds 233
Gustafson's method 70
advantages of 72
disadvantage of 72
of estimating age 73t
Gustatory hallucinations 443
H
Haderup system 88
Hair 461, 463
derived from body part 462
fall naturally 464
in different races 48t
injury from 463
normal 305f
of animal 462
of human 462
singeing of 305f
Hammer 222
Hand
impression 82f
length, age from 58t
lividity on 146f
of mummified body 164f
Hanging
complete 332f
mechanism of 331
partial 332f
symptoms in 333
types of 331t
Hard and blunt
flexible 291f
irregular surface 291f
light weapon 290f
moderately heavy 290f
non-flexible 291
smooth surface 291f
weapons 290, 291f
Hatter's shakes 515
Hazardous waste 44
Head 172
circumference 59
at different age 59t
distortion of 253f
examination of 176
injury 249
classification of 249f
of femur, nonfusion of 107f
of humerus, nonfusion of 112f
Headache, toxic causes of 476t
Healing of injury 218
Healing, stages of 98f
Heart 159
changes in 412, 412t
contusion over 199f
injury to 270, 270f
soft 160f
sounds 138t
Heat stiffening 151, 152f
Heat syncope 297
Heat, exposure to 297
Heat, injury to 296
Heated air surrounding spark 322
Hegar's sign 390
Hematemesis 458
Hematological abnormalities 511t
Hematoma 260f
extradural 259, 260f
formation, stage of 97
Hematopoietic system 583
Hematuria 480t
Hemin crystal test 456, 456f
Hemochromogen crystal test 456
Hemoglobinuria 480t
Hemolysed blood, diffusion of 180f
Hemolysis 482t
Hemorrhages 345
Hepatic necrosis 489t
Hermaphroditism 52
Hexaethyl tetraphosphate 550
Hickeys 201
Hip bone 118, 119t
nonfusion of 118f
ossification of 120t
Histotoxic anoxia 327
Holbourn's hypothesis 265
Homicidal cut-throat 270t
Homicidal firearm injury 247t
Homicide 246, 294
classification of 294
justifiable 294
Honeybee 546f
Honeycomb 309
Hormone assays 50
Hostile witness 16
Human deficiency virus 435
Human hair 462f, 462t, 463f
morphology of 461f
Human pile death 349
Human rights 432
Humerus 111f, 111t, 113t
bone length 113t
nonfusion of 112f
ossification of 111t
Hurt 282, 283
Hydrochloric acid 497, 566
Hydrocution 350
Hydrogen sulfide 473, 603
Hydrophid bite 542
Hydrostatic test 411, 412
Hymen 361, 362f, 363f
of three year girl 370f
redness around 369f
state of 369t
types of 362f
Hyoid bone
fracture 345
injury to 345
Hyperesthesia 443
Hypertension, toxic causes of 477t
Hyperthermia 297, 473t
Hypochondrial delusions 445
Hypoesthesia 443
Hypotension, causes of 477t
Hypothermia 296, 473t
Hypoxia 326
I
Icard's test 138
Ileus 479t
Iliac fossa, right 156f
Immersion foot 297
Immersion syndrome 350
Imminently dangerous 284
Impotence
causes of 382, 383t
types of 382
In vitro fertilization 420
Incision
advantages of 174t
disadvantages of 174t
for trunk, types of 173f
Indecent assault 380
Indian Evidence Act 7
section 113-A of 311
section 113-B of 312
Indian Medical Register 22
Indian Penal Code 3, 7, 491
section 304-B of 310
section 498-A of 311
section 87 of 30
section 88 of 30
section 89 of 30
section 90 of 30
section 92 of 30
section 93 of 31
Inebriant poisons 572
Infamous conduct 39t
Infant, status of 407f
Infanticide 406
Infertility 384
Inflammation 306f
Injured person, examination of 281
Injury
accidental 247t
age of 287
biophysics of 186
blunt force 463
bomb blast 221, 246
causation of electrical 316f
character of 285
chemical 186
complications of 288
coup 268
cut-throat 270
dangerous 284
dicing 279
diffuse
axonal 267
neuronal 267
direction of 285
electrical 315
esophageal 501t
explosion 246
extent of 285
fabricated 285
mechanical 185, 190
number of 285
primary impact 275
simple 283
Inorganic acid poisoning, complications of 496
Inquest report 170
Insect activity 180
Insemination
artificial 420, 421
donor, artificial 420
husband, artificial 420
Inter-clouding lightning 321
Intermediate ballistics 221
Intermediate syndrome 552
Intersex state 51
Intestinal mucosa stained 554f
Intestine 146f, 159
color of 271f
injury to 271
protruding 271f
Intoxication 575t
acute 609
Intracerebral hemorrhage 263, 264f
Intraclouding lightning 321
Intracranial hemorrhage 259, 259f
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection 420
Intradermal bruise 197, 197f
Intrauterine growth retardation 446
Intraventricular hemorrhage 264
Iodine 504
crystals 504f
uses 504
Iron 519
poisonous 519
J
Jacketed bullet 230, 231f
Jacquemir's sign 388
Jealous killer 448
Joule burn 317, 319f
Judicial hanging 339
Judicial inquisition 450
Juvenile courts 10
K
Keloid formation 289f
Kennedy phenomenon 241
Khaskhas 570f
Kidney 159
changes in 413
contusion over 200f, 272f
injury to 273, 433f
multiple lacerations on 272f
King cobra 537f
Korsakoff's syndrome 52, 584
Krait
banded 538, 538f, 539f
common 537, 537f
Kwashiorkor 424
L
Lacrimators 612
Lap strap 280f
Larvae 158f
Laryngospasm, toxic causes of 478t
Larynx 159
Lathyrus sativus, legume of 606f
Law and consent 35
Law and doctor 29
Law to accused 372
Law to victim of rape 367
Lead 516
acetate 516f
carbonate 516f
chromate 516f
sulfide 517f
tetraoxide 517f
Leg, lividity on 146f
Legal status of injury 282
Legitimacy of child 421, 422
Leukocytosis 481t
Leukopenia 481t
Ligature material, caused by broad 335f
Lightning stroke, morphology of 322, 322f
Lightning, injury to 296
Linea nigra 389, 389f
Lip prints 86, 87f
classification of 86t
Lip swelling 306f
Liquid food 412
Live birth 409
evidence of 409, 413
signs of 409
Live born child 409
Liver 159
cloudy degeneration of 489t
contusion over 200f
degeneration, chronic 489t
injury to 271
Living cadavers 132
Lochia
alba 395
rubra 395
serosa 395
Love bites 201
Lung 159, 327f
in drowning 356f
injury to 270
irritants 612
weight of 356
Lynching 339
M
Macerated fetus 407f, 408f
with skin slippage 408f
Macerated forearm 408f
Macropsia 443
Maggots 158f
Magisterial custody remand 3
Magistrate court 10
Magistrate inquest 9
Magnan's symptom 594
Magnesium sulfate 499, 499t
Magnus test 138
Malnutrition 424
Malted liquors 573
Mandible 104, 104f, 104t
Marasmus 424
March of rigor 150f
Marijuana 473, 592
Marital rape 365
Marriage, nullity of 421
Masochism 378
Masturbation 379
McNaughten rule 451, 452
Medical certificates 13
Medical concept on abortion 398f
Medical Council of India 20
composition of 21
Medical device, use of 182f
Medical education 22
Medical ethic 24, 433
concept of 24f
Medical etiquette 24
Medical evidence 13
of abortion 402
Medical examination 375, 377, 378
of accused 370
of rape victim 366
Medical examiner system 9
Medical jurisprudence 20
Medical maloccurence 40
Medical negligence 36
Medical practice, legal aspects of 29
Medical practitioner
duties of 26, 490
in criminal abortion 402
Medical qualification, recognition of 21
Medical records for
doctors/hospitals 32
patients 32
Medical termination of pregnancy 398, 404
Medical waste, types of 44
Medicolegal aspects 323, 374, 376, 377, 378, 435
of embalming 440
of marriage annulment 418
Medicolegal autopsy 169
rules for 170
Medicolegal case 35
Medicolegal classification 186
Medicolegal implications 385, 415
of death 131
Medicolegal importance 80, 84, 143, 146, 150, 151, 164, 165, 195, 204, 209, 212, 213, 218, 219, 262, 263, 266, 310, 313, 321, 340, 343, 347349, 359, 361, 383, 384, 387, 394, 414, 426, 446448, 455, 553, 555559, 562, 563, 566, 567, 571, 585, 587, 591, 593, 594, 598, 600, 603605, 608
of abortion 405
of age 74
of decomposition 161
of delusion 445
of different age 74t
of hallucination 444
of placenta 403
of scar 79
Medicolegal issues 422
Medicolegal questions 407
Medicolegal reports 13
Medium range wounds 243
Mees’ line on nails 511f
Melena 478t
Memory, refresh 18
Meningeal artery 259
Mens rea 453
Menstrual blood 458
Mental
defect 452
disease 452
Health Act, 1987 449
illness, causes of 448
retardation 445
causes of 446t
classification of 445t
suffering 185
unsoundness 418
Mentally ill 450
person 442, 448
discharge of 450
rights of 448
prisoner 450
Mercuric sulfide 514f
Mercurous chloride 514f
Mercury 513, 513f
inorganic compounds of 513t
poisoning 515
Metabolism of
alcohol 575f
methanol 586f
Metal fume fever 521
Metallic poisons 507
Methanol poisoning 576t
Methemoglobin formation 482t
Methyl alcohol 586
Methyl isocyanate 604
Metric system 51
Microbial contamination 606
Micropsia 443
Migratory contusions 198, 250
Milk, presence of 412
Molar
crown formation of third 64f
erupting third 66f
spacing for third 63
Molecular biology 175
Molecular death 131
Monocrotophos 550f
Monozygotic twins 124
Mosquito coil 556f
Motorcyclist, injury by 276
Motorcyclist's fracture 258, 276, 277f
Movement disorder, causes of 475t
Mugging 346, 346f
Munchausen's syndrome 416
Muscarinic effects 551
Muscle
after death, changes in 147
distal 552
physiology of 147
primary relaxation of 152t
secondary relaxation of 152, 152t
spasm of 597
to burn, cooked 307f
twitching 597
Muscular weakness 552
Musculoskeletal system 479
Mushroom bullet 230
Mutilated body parts 178f
Mutism 444
Muzzle end of firearm 234f, 234t
Muzzle velocity 221
Myalgia 480t
Myopathy 480t
Myxoscopia 379
N
Naked eye examination 459
Nappy abrasions 194
Narcotic Drugs and Psychoactive Substances Act, 1985 492
Nasal bleed 458
Neck
abrasions on 344
contusions over 344
flexors 552
in strangulation 343f
injury to 270
structure of 345
Necrophagia 379
Necrophilia 379
Necrosis, acute central 489t
Negligence, contributory 41
Neologism 444
Neonaticide 406
Nerve
gases 612
poisons, peripheral 599
Nervous system, function of 137
Neuropathy/neuritis, causes of 475t
Neurosis 447, 447t
Newton's law 141
Nicotinic effects 551
Nihilistic delusion 445
Nipple, hyperpigmentation of 388f
Nitric acid 496
properties 496
Nitrites 567
Nitrobenzene 473
Nondetection of poison 494
Nonmetallic poisons 503
Nose
broken 231f
injury to 182f
Novus actus interveniens 40
Nuchal lines 100
Nulliparous 396f
Nulliparous uterus 396t
Nutritional complications 583
Nux vomica seeds 596f
O
Obscure autopsy 176
Obsessive-compulsive disorder 444
Octamethyl pyrophosphate 550
Odynophagia 479t
Olfactory hallucinations 443
Oliguria 480t
Omission, acts of 406
Oocyte donation 420
Open head injury 249f
Operative death 437
Opisthotonus 597
position of body 597f
Opium 569
Oral
cavity, examination of 70
changes 474t
consent 33
evidence 14
exceptions to 15
Organ contusion 199
Organic acid 495, 497
Organic irritants, plants 523
Organochlorines 554
Organophosphate compound found in stomach 554f
Organophosphorus 473
compounds 550
Organs
congestion of 330
cooked internal 309f
laceration of 208
putrefying early 159
Origin of hair from body part 462t
Osiander's sign 389
Osteometric board 96f
Othello syndrome 445
Oxalic acid 499, 499t
crystals 499f
Oxygen 328f
P
Pachymeningitis hemorrhagica 262
Palatal rugae 87f
Palmar strangulation 346
Palmer's notation 88, 89f
Paltauf's hemorrhages 356, 356f
Panchnama 8
Pancreas, injury to 271
Pancytopenia 481t
Paralysis, causes of 475t
Paresthesia, causes of 476t
Parietal bones 408f
Parous uterus 396t
Patients, duties of 27
Pedestrian, injury to 275, 275f
Pellets
dispersion of 242f
from barrel, discharge of 226f
types of 227f
Pelvis 118
Penis, development of 61f
Percolated bruises 250
Perilesional hyperemia 319f
Perinatal causes 446
Perinephric hematoma 272f
Periodontosis 71f
Periorbital edema 306f
Periorbital hematoma 251
Personality disorder 447
Pesticides 550
Phenol 473
Phobia 446
Phosphorus 473, 503
red 503t
uses 503
yellow 503t
Phossy jaw 504
Physical torture 432
beating 432f, 433f
suspension 433f
Physics of wounding 186
Physostigmine 591
Pigeon holes 84
Pink disease 515
Plant
poisonous part of 523
toxic part of 523, 524, 530, 531, 596
Plastic bullet 230
Pleurosthotonus 597
Ploucquet's test 411
Plumbago 530
rosea 531f
Poison 471, 478t, 491
acting on enzyme system 483t
action of 472
antidotes 486t
cardiac 561
consumption of 554f
corrosive 495
excretion of 483t
source of 472
taste of 473t
Poisoning
acute 503, 505, 518, 532, 551, 555, 562, 602
chronic 504, 505, 508, 510, 515, 518, 532, 555, 562, 567, 602
diagnosis of 473
Police and magistrate inquest 9t
Police inquest 8, 9
Polycythemia 481t
Polygraphy 465
procedure 465
Polyneuropathy, delayed 552, 552f
Polyuria 480t
Pond fracture 255, 256f
Porphyrinuria 480t
Porropsia 443
Posthumous child 397
Posthumous reproduction 421
Postmaturity atrophic process 115, 117, 117t
Postmortem
abrasion 194f, 195t
artefacts 179
burns 310, 311t
caloricity 143, 143t
contusion 201, 202t
destruction 181
by animals 181f
dog 181
vultures 181f
drowning 359f
examination 179, 488
glycogenolysis 143
gnawing injury of
penis 181f
scrotum 181f
hanging 340t
injuries 181f, 285, 287t
lacerated wound 210t
lividity 143, 144, 144f, 146f, 353, 355f, 488t
internal organs 145f
intestine 146f
livid 144f
separation of skull 180f
Postnatal causes 446
Potassium
arsenates 509
carbonate 500
hydroxide 500, 501f
Precipitate labor 396
Precocious puberty, causes of 61t
Pregnancy
average duration of 393
biological test for 391t
calculation of 393
duration of 393, 404
evidence of 387, 389
immunological test of 391t
in dead, diagnosis of 393
in living 388t
diagnosis of 387
minimum duration of 393
signs of 388f
Privileged communication 28
Professional death sentence 24
Professional misconduct 24
and unethical acts 25f
Professional negligence 39t
Protein energy malnutrition 446
Proximal limb muscles 552
Proxy consent 35
Pseudocyesis 394
Pseudohermaphroditism 52, 53f
Psychological complications 433
Psychological torture 432
Psychomotor hallucinations 444
Psychopathic killer 448
Psychosis 447, 447t
causes of 476t
Psychotic murderer 447
Puberty
causes of delayed 61t
stages in 59t
Pubic hair 61f
in male and female 60t
Pubic region, contusion at 271f
Pubic symphysis 118, 120, 121t, 122t
Public prosecutor 3
Pugilistic attitude 304f
Pulmonary edema 330, 330f
toxic causes of 477t
Punch-Drunk syndrome 269
Pupils 149
Puppe's rule 253, 254f
Pyloric end lesser curvature 271
Pyrethrum derivatives product 557f
Python molurus 539
Q
Quetelet's rule 81
R
Radius 112, 113f, 113t, 114t
nonfusion of 112f
ossification of 114t
upper end of 66
Rail-road contusion 198
Railway spine 269
Range of components of smooth firearm 243f
Range of firing 233, 233f
Rape 363
custodial 366
date 366
punishments prescribed for 364
statutory 365
stranger 366
to victim
complications 374
dangers of 374
Rat nibbling 243
Red scorpion 545f
Reddish brown scab 196f
Refuse consent, right to 35
Regional injuries 249
Registered medical practitioner 13, 402, 433
Renal injury, degree of closed 272t
Respiration, stoppage of 137
Respiratory depression 570
Respiratory distress, causes of 477t
Respiratory irritants 601
Respiratory system 475
Respired lung 410t
Retards decomposition 161
Rhabdomyolysis 481t
Rhinorrhea 482t
Ribs, prominent 425f
Ricocheting of bullet 242f
Rifled firearm 222f, 228, 233t, 239f
classification of 228
close shot in 239f
injury caused by 233
unusual effect of 241
Rifling
advantages of 228
importance of 228
Rifling marks over bullet 232, 232f
jacket 232f
Rifling of
barrel in rifled firearm 228f
gun 228
Right-wrong test 452
Rigor in internal organs 149
Rigor mortis 147, 148, 151t, 152t, 148f, 407
disappearance of 149
in animal 148f
Ripe poppy capsule 569f
Risus sardonicus 597
Road traffic accidents 275
Rocking of weapon 216
Romberg's sign 579
Root development of third molar 65t
Root of aconite 565f
Root of plumbago 531f
Root transparency 72f
Rubber bullet 230
Run over by vehicle 276f
Russell's viper 539, 540f
Ryle's tube 484f
S
Sacrum 120, 122t
Saliva 461
from left of mouth, dribbling of 338f
Salt water drowning 352
pathophysiology of 353f
Saturday night paralysis 584
Saw-scaled viper 538, 539f, 540f
Scalp
abrasion over 250f
contusion of 250
hematoma 250, 251f
injuries 249
Scaphoid abdomen in starvation 425f
Scapula 115, 116t, 117f
nonfusion of 117f
secondary changes in 117, 117t
Scar
age of 77
from bullet injury 78f
growth of 76
Schizophrenia 447
types of 447
Scoptophilia 379
Scorpion 544
envenomation 545f
venom 544
Sea snakes 539
Sea water drowning 353t
Seat belt
injuries 279
types of 280f
Seeds of
argemone mexicana plant 607f
datura alba 590f
datura niger 590f
yellow oleander 564f
Selenium 473
Semen
banking 421
composition of 459t
detection of 459t
examination of 459
Semi jacket bullet 231f
Seminal stain 459
collection of 368f
over right thigh, dried 372f
Semi-smokeless powder 227
Serological tests 98
Serving summons, procedure of 11
Severe gas 603
Sex
concealed 51
determination 90
from footprint 86t
difficulty in 51
difference in skeleton 95t
evidence of 48
from hair 462
identification of 457
microscopic determination of 50f
of fetus 56f
Sex-linked offenses 380
Sexual
aversion disorder 382
characteristics, secondary 59
harassment 380
killer 448
maturation 59
maturity in male 61f
offenses 361, 363
natural 363, 374
paraphilias 378
perversion 378
disorders 379
torture 433
Sexually transmitted disease 372, 373f, 421
Shaken baby syndrome 415
Shallow water drowning 350, 350f, 351f
Sharp cutting weapons 290
heavy 292f
lightweight 292f
moderately heavy 292f
types of 291f
Ship doctrine, captain of 40
Shock, causes of 477t
Shotgun
injuries 242
types of 223
Shoulder
diagonal type 280f
harness 280f
Six-penny bruises 198
Skeletal remains, examination of 178
Skeleton, changes in 73
Skeletonization 161, 161f
Skin 425, 567
blackening of 304f
changes in 66, 140
character of 200
color of 200
crocodile 317, 320f
exposure 505
fissured 425f
hyperkeratosis 425f
in electrocution 321f
marbling of
green 157f
red 157f
of hand 177f
peeling of 154f, 157f, 305f
poppers 611
soiled with mud and weeds 354f
Skull 99, 101f, 101t
bone 252f
fracture 254
complication of 258
mechanism of 252, 253f
to indirect violence 253
injury to 252
nonfusion base of 103f
secondary changes in 103
Slaked lime 501f
Sliding force 190
Slugs 227
Smegma on corona glandis 373f
Smokeless powder 226
Smoky stool syndrome 503
Smooth bore cartridge 226f
of plastic material 225f
of special paper 225f
Smooth bore firearm 222f, 224f, 225, 245t
injury 242
shotgun 223
Smooth muscle depressants/stimulant 481t
Snake 534
common
nonpoisonous 535
poisonous 534, 535
nonpoisonous 535, 541, 541f
poisonous 534, 535, 535t, 541, 541f
tail in
nonvenomous 535f
venomous 535f
Snakebite
cases, tests in 544t
first-aid in 543f
nonpoisonous 542
poisonous 543
Sober behavior 577f
Sodium
arsenates 509
carbonate 500
hydroxide 500
thiosulfate, action of 567
Sodomy 375
Somatic death 131
Somnambulism 446
Somniferous poisons 569
Southern blot 125
Souvenir bullet 232
Spalding's sign 392, 408f
Spark burn/injury 315
Spark lesion 317, 318
Sparrow-foot 279
Spectacle hematoma 250
Speech, disorders of 444
Sperm 461
donor 421
Spermatozoon, morphology of 461f
Spinal cord 174, 269
concussion of 269
injury to 269
Spinal poisons 596
Spine, injury to 269
Spleen injury, grades of 272t
Spleen, injury to 272
Split laceration 204, 205f
Stab injuries, classification of 214f
Stab wound 214, 214f, 215f, 217, 218
with hilt abrasion 216f
Stagnant anoxia 326
State Medical Council 13
Static test 411
Statute law 8
Stem cell
research 422
sources of 422
uses of 422
Sternum 114, 116t
Sternutators 612
Stillbirth, causes of 407t
Stillborn child 407
Stippling 234, 481t
Stomach 159, 488t
injury to 271
perforation of 488t
Stretch laceration 205, 206f
Striae gravidarum 389f
Strontium test 357
Struck hoop analogy 252
Strychnine 596, 598t
Stunning brain shock 266
Subarachnoid hemorrhage 262, 263f
Subcutaneous bruise 197
Subcutaneous fat, protrusion of 209f
Subcutaneous tissue 197, 209f
Subdural hemorrhage, causes of 260f
Subdural hematoma 260, 261f
acute 261, 261f
chronic 261, 262f
on right side 262f
Subgaleal hematoma 250
Submerged water 358f
Subperiosteal hemorrhage 259
Substance abuse 610
Sudden death 8, 166
Sudden infant death syndrome 413
Sudden natural death, causes of 166t
Suffocation 346
causes of 347t
types of 347
Suffused conjunctiva 342f
Suicidal cut injuries 285f
Suicidal cut throat 270t
Suicidal injury 247t
Suicide 246
married woman, abetment of 311
with pistol, case of 246f
Sulfhemoglobinemia 482t
Sulfuric acid 496
Suppositious child 418
Surgical death investigation 439
Surrogacy with oocyte donation 422
Surrogate birth 422
Surrogate consent 35
Surrogate motherhood 422
Suspended animation, causes of 135t
Suspicious death means 8
Sutures, nonfusion of 103f
Syncope, causes of 136t
Synesthesia 444
Systemic asphyxiants 601
Systemic death 131
Systemic poisoning 557
T
Tache noir sclerotique 140f
Tachycardia, toxic causes of 476t
Tactile hallucinations 443
Takayama test 456
Tandem bullet 230, 232f
Tattoo mark 79
artificial removal of 79
Tattoo of crab on lateral aspect of arm 80f
Tear
contusion 268
gases 612
laceration 205, 207f
of hymen 369f
Teeth 60
attrition of 71f
blackening of anterior 304f
calcification of 57
temporary 63t
causes of
delay in eruption of 64t
early eruption of 65t
impacted 64t
changes in 70
erupting of 63
eruption of
permanent 63, 63t
temporary 62
germination of 57
impacted 64
in oral cavity 71f
injury to 252
morphology of 61f
nature of 62
parts of 61f
permanent 62f, 63t, 89f, 90f
race from 90
root of
permanent 63t
temporary 63t
surface nomenclature 62
temporary 62, 63t, 89f
Teichmann test 456
Tensile force 187
Testis, development of 61f
Tetanus 598t
Tetraethyl pyrophosphate 550
Thallium 473
Therapeutic misadventure 40
Therapeutic privilege 29
Thermal injuries 185
Thinking, disorders of 444
Thomas and Kotze's classification 87t
Thought
blocking 444
broadcasting 444
disorders of 444
insertion 444
Thrombocytopenia 481t
Tibia 109, 109t, 110t
nonfusion of 110f
ossification of 110t
upper end of 67f
with gross features 95f
Tibial bones 109f
Tingling, toxic causes of 476t
Tinnitus, causes of 483t
Tissue 199
condition of 199
Tobacco 561, 561f
plant 561f
Torture
complications of 433
ethic 433
types of 432
Toxic
asphyxia 328
compounds 513
pancreatitis, causes of 479t
substance 524, 524t
Toxicity rating 472t
of poison 472
Toxicology 174, 469, 471, 490
classification of 471, 472
routes of
administration of 471
elimination of 471
Trachea 159
Traffic accidents 581
Trafficking 380
Traumatic asphyxia 327, 349, 349f
Traumatic causes 262
Traumatic porencephalic cysts 269
Tremors, causes of 475t
Trigger guard 222
Tripod of life 131f
True virgins 363t
Trunk 172
Tubal embryo transfer 420
Turkey skin 610
Turner's syndrome 51, 52f
U
Ulna 114, 114t, 115f, 116t
nonfusion of 112f
ossification of 115t
upper end of 66
Umbilical cord smooth 408f
Unborn child, rights of 417
Unburnt gunpowder 234
Unconsciousness, duration of 249
Unethical acts 26
Unnatural death means 8
Unnatural sexual offenses 375
Unrespired lung 410t
Unripe poppy capsule 569f
Upper limb, injury over right 278f
Urine 493
preservative for 494t
Uterus
involuting 395t
with peritoneum 396
V
Vaginal epithelial cells 373f
Vagitus
uterinus 409
vaginalis 409
Vasoconstriction, causes of 477t
Venom composition 540
Venomous snakes, fangs in 534, 535f
Venous blood 458f
Verbal consent 33
Vertigo, causes of 483t
Vicarious liability 41
Vicarious responsibility 41
Vineyard sprayer's lung disease 508
Violating human rights 26
Violence 401
Violent asphyxia 326, 330
Viper bite 542f
Viperid bite 541
Virgin 362t
false 362, 363t
Virginity 361
signs of 361
Virgo intacta 361
Viscera 174, 493, 496
at autopsy 493f
Visual hallucinations 443
Vitreous transaminase 140
Vitriolage 497
Volatile poisons 494
Vomitus, colors of 478t
Voyeurism 379
W
Waddle's triad 275
Wallace rule of nine 301, 301t
War gases 612
Warrant cases 7
Washerwoman's feet 354f
Washerwoman's hand 353, 354f
Wasps management 547
Wasps venom 547
Waste management 44
Water drowning 352, 353t
pathophysiology of 352f
Weapon 289
heavy 292f
kinds of 290
moderately 292f
types of 289
Welding effect 244
Wernicke's syndrome 584
Wet drowning 350
Whiplash injury 269
White deaths 297
Wilson's classification of burns 300, 300f
Wischnewski ulcers 297
Witnesses 16
World Medical Association 427, 434
Wound
ballistics 221, 233
causation of 187
chop 213, 213f, 214f
collar at entry 235f
defense 212, 213f, 285f, 286
different patterns of exit 240t
distant range 243, 244f
entry 233, 234f, 238f, 241t, 242
estimate age of 288f
exit 233, 234f, 239, 241t, 244, 320f
back of right ear 240t
near right knee 241f
over left leg 241f
over neck 240t
formation 205f
in rifled firearm, entry 235
in shotgun, shape in contact 243f
incised 209, 209f, 211f, 212f, 218
infected 289f
lacerated 204, 209f, 218
multiple stab 286f
on neck, fabricated 287f
over head, entry 238f
over left arm, entry 238f
penetrating 214, 214f
perforating 214, 214f
puncture 214
self-inflicted 211
incised 212f
shape of 236f
short range 243
with muzzle impression, entry 236f
Wredin's test 412
Wrinkles over skin 71f
Wrist drop 512f
Written consent 34
Y
Y-chromosome, demonstration of 50
Yellow oleander 563, 564f
Z
Zasko's phenomenon 147
Ziehl-Neelsen's stain 460
Zinc 520
chloride 520
oxide 520
phosphide 473, 520, 521f
poisonous compounds of 520t
stearate 520
sulfate 459, 499, 499t, 520, 521f
×
Chapter Notes

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Principles of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Principles of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Second Edition
Rajesh Bardale MD Professor and Head Department of Forensic Medicine Government Medical College and Hospital Miraj, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
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Principles of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
First Edition: 2011
Second Edition: 2017
9789386150318
Printed at:
My Wife Sheetal
&
Daughters Tanaya and Shubhara
Preface
It is with immense pleasure that I am presenting the second edition of Principles of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. This textbook is primarily designed for the undergraduates and presented in lucid language. Considering the number of increasing litigations and consumer redressal fora cases, certain texts have been updated extensively, like consent, negligence, ethical aspects, legal procedure, etc. At the same time, numerous judgements delivered by honorable Supreme Court of India have been included. I hope the budding doctors will immensely get help from the text and can understand the language of law and the court. Wherever possible, the text is presented in point-wise manner including numerous photographs, line diagrams, flowcharts, tables and boxes. Keeping with today's generation, numerous website addresses are provided so that the curious learners can visit and learn more. This book is one of the well-referenced textbooks and caters for every need of PG aspirants. While preparing this textbook, I had consulted various other textbooks, journals and also feedback received from faculties and students. I am thankful to those who had provided the feedback. I hope this textbook will serve the purpose and help the students learn the subject in an easy and practical manner. The suggestions and healthy criticism will be of immense help for further improvement of this textbook.
Rajesh Bardale
Acknowledgments
It is not possible to accomplish such an enduring job without the help of innumerable people. Indeed many give the indispensable impulsion to proceed with the task. This is a small way to express a deep sense of gratitude towards them.