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Practical Guide for Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
K Tamilmani
CHAPTER 1:
Age Estimation by Dentition
GERMINATION OF TEETH
Temporary Teeth
Permanent Teeth
DEVELOPMENTALLY TEETH ARE DIVIDED INTO TWO SETS
Spacing of Jaw (Age 14–17 years)
Period of Mixed Dentition
ESTIMATION OF AGE FROM TEETH BEYOND 25 YEARS
CHARTING OF TEETH
DIAGRAMMATIC OR ANATOMICAL CHART
Difference Between Temporary and Permanent Teeth
Age of Eruption of Teeth
Number of Teeth with Age and Mixed Dentition with Ages (Figs 1.1A to J)
Estimation of Age by Physical Examination
EXERCISE I
CHAPTER 2:
Age Estimation by Radiograph
METACARPAL BONES
AGE DETERMINATION FROM SKULL SUTURE CLOSURE (FIGS 2.7 TO 2.11)
AGE DETERMINATION FROM PUBIC SYMPHYSIS
FOR ESTIMATION OF AGE THE FOLLOWING X-RAYS CAN BE ADVISED IN SUGGESTED PARTICULAR AGE GROUP (FIGS 2.1 TO 2.6)
MODEL EXERCISE
Shoulder Joint
Elbow Joint
Wrist Joint and Hand
Hip Joint
Knee Joint
Ankle Joint
Foot
Skull Suture–Ecto/Endo
Observation
STAGES OF SKULL SUTURES
CHAPTER 3:
Examination of Skeletal Remains
GENERAL DISCRIPTION
HUMAN OR ANIMAL
SEX
Sex Differentiating Features in Bones
Skull (Figs 3.22 to 3.27)
Mandible (Fig. 3.21)
Hip Bone (Figs 3.5 to 3.13)
Sacrum (Fig. 3.19)
Femur (Figs 3.14 to 3.18)
Articulated Pelvis (Figs 3.1 to 3.5)
Thorax
Tibia
Scapula
Vertebrae
Diagnostic Indexes for Determination of Sex
AGE AT DEATH
RACE
Race Determination
Race Determination by using Cephalic Index
STATURE (FIGS 3.15 TO 3.20)
IDENTIFICATION
NATURE OF INJURY
TIME SINCE DEATH
ONE OR MORE INDIVIDUALS
CAUSE OF DEATH
MODEL EXERCISE
Opinion
PELVIS
MANDIBLE
SKULL
CHAPTER 4:
Examination of a Case of Drunkenness
WHAT IS DRUNKENNESS?
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS
Measurements of Alcohol
Breath Alcohol
Calculating Alcohol Level in Blood/Tissue
Widmark's Formula
Formula for Estimating Alcohol in Urine
Kozelka and Hine Method or Cavett Method
Collection of sample in living
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION FOR CERTIFICATION OF DRUNKENNESS: (BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION – SCHEME)
Objective
Consent
Obtain informed, written consent
Preliminary Particulars
History
Physical Examination
Eyes
Vital parameters
Reflex
Systemic Examination
Opinion
Differential Diagnosis
HISTORY
CHAPTER 5:
Examination of Wounds and Methods of Issuing Wound Certificate
SIMPLE, GRIEVOUS AND DANGEROUS WOUNDS
Weapon by which inflicted
Whether the weapon was dangerous are not?
Remarks
SIMPLE WOUND
Grievous hurt
Permanent Privation (loss) of Sight of Either Eye
Permanent Privation of Hearing of Either Ear
Privation of any Member or Joint
Destruction or Permanent Impairment of the Power of any Member or Joint
Permanent Disfigurement of the Head or Face
Fracture or Dislocation of a Bone or Tooth
Any hurt which—
DANGEROUS WOUND
Identification Marks
ABRASION
BRUISES
INCISED WOUND
WOUNDS IN GENERAL
FRACTURE
TOOTH DISLODGEMENT
BURNS
EXAMPLE
CHAPTER 6:
Examination of Sexual Offence Cases
RAPE
PUNISHMENT: 376 IPC
EXAMINATION OF THE RAPE VICTIM
Procedure for Examination
Prerequisites
Preliminary Data
General Examination
Genital Examination
Specimen preserved for Laboratory examination
Types of Opinion
EXAMINATION OF THE ACCUSED
Genital Examinations
Opinion
Causes of Impotence in Male
EXERCISE:
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN FROM SEXUAL OFFENCES ACT—2012
THE CRIMINAL LAW ACT—2013
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
CHAPTER 7:
Examination of Fetus
OBJECTIVE
EXTERNAL EXAMINATION
INTERNAL EXAMINATION
Age of Fetus
Opinion
CHAPTER 8:
Viscera Packing
MODE OF PRESERVATION OF VISCERA
REASONS FOR FAILURE IN DETECTION OF POISON IN VISCERA
In case of negative chemical analysis report, the opinion is given as:
Final Opinion
Discussion
How to Interpret the Toxicological Report?
Putrefaction and Chemical Analysis
COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION OF SAMPLES FOR DNA EXAMINATION
CHAPTER 9:
Stature
ESTIMATION OF AGE FROM (DISMEMBERED) BODY PARTS
Stature from the Bone
As Per Rule of Thump
CHAPTER 10:
Medicolegal Importance of Age
GOVERNMENT CONCESSIONS
MEDICOLEGAL IMPORTANCE OF VARIOUS AGE GROUPS
CHAPTER 11:
Various Proformas
Examination
CHAPTER 12:
Important Points—When Conducting Autopsy and Issue of Postmortem Certificates
VERIFICATION OF DOCUMENTS
Record the positive as well as negative findings
Preservation of Skull for Super—Imposition
HYOID BONE EXAMINATION
Points to follow
HOW TO PREPARE AND HANDLE MEDICOLEGAL CASES?
Medicolegal Cases
Intimation to the Police:
Procedures for AR Entry
Preliminary Data
Consent
Body
Examination Proper
Casualty Medical Officers:
Ward Medical Officers Treating the Medicolegal Cases:
Medical Officers Examining the Victim of a Sexual Offence Case:
Medical Officers Examining the Accused Person of a Sexual Offence Cases:
Medical Officer Conducting the Postmortem Examination
CHAPTER 13:
Model Spotters
WEAPONS
SPECIMENS
TOXICOLOGY
HAMMER
ROPE
STONE
WOODEN STICK/IRON ROD—BLUNT WEAPON
CYCLE CHAIN
SPEAR
PINS
BROKEN GLASS OR BOTTLE
DAGGER
KNIFE
WET SPECIMENS
Wet Specimen of Lung (Fig. 13.15)
Wet Specimen of Heart (Fig. 13.16)
Wet Specimen of Liver (Fig. 13.17)
Wet Specimen of Brain (Figs 13.18A to D)
Clinical Features
Cause of Death
Medicolegal importance
Heart (Figs 13.19A and B)
Macroscopic Appearance
Etiology
Liver (Fig. 13.20)
Uterus (Figs 13.21A and B)
Tuberculosis Lung (Fig. 13.22)
Tattoo Marks (Fig. 13.23)
FETAL EXAMINATION (FIGS 13.24A TO C)
4 Month Old Fetus
6 Month Old Fetus
Full term fetus (10 Lunar months)
Firearm (Figs 13.25A to D)
Postmortem finding
Diagnosis
Skull (Figs 13.25E and F)
COBRA (FIGS 13.26A TO F)
Classification
Identification
Venom
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
VIPER (FIGS 13.27A TO E)
Classification
Identification
Venom
Mode of Action
Signs and Symptoms
Fatal Dose
Treatment
Postmortem Appearance
Medicolegal Aspects
KRAIT (FIGS 13.28A AND B)
Classification
Identification
Venom
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Postmortem Appearance
Medicolegal Aspects
SCORPION (FIG. 13.29A)
Classification
Venom
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Medicolegal Aspects
BEES AND WASPS (FIGS 13.29B AND C)
Clinical features
ACONI TUM NAPELLUS (FIGS 13.30A AND B)
Classification
Active Principle
Mechanism of Action
Clinical Features
Cause of Death
Treatment
Postmortem Appearance (PMA)
Medicolegal Importance (MLI)
CERBERA THEVETIA (FIG. 13.31)
Classification
Active Principle
Mechanism of Action
Clinical Features
Cause of Death
Treatment
Postmortem Appearance
Medicolegal Importance
NERIUM ODORUM (FIG. 13.32)
Classification
Active Principle
Mechanism of Action
Clinical Features
Treatment
PMA
Medicolegal Importance
NICOTINE/TOBACCO (FIGS 13.33A TO C)
Classification
Active Principle
Clinical Features
Medicolegal Importance
CALOTROPIS (FIG 13.34A TO C)
Active Principle
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Postmortem Appearance
Medicolegal Importance (MLI)
ABRUS PRECATORIUS (FIG. 13.35)
Identification
Active Principle
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Medicolegal Importance (MLI)
CAPSICUM ANNUUM (FIG. 13.36)
Identification
Group
Active principle
Signs/symptoms
Treatment
Medicolegal Importance (MLI)
SEMECARPUS ANACARDIUM (FIGS 13.37A AND B)
Seeds
Active ingredient
Signs/symptoms
Treatment
Postmortem appearance
Medicolegal Importance
RICINUS COMMUNIS (FIGS 13.38A TO C)
Classification
Toxic dose
Clinical findings
Medicolegal Importance
CROTON TIGLIUM (FIG. 13.39)
Classification
Clinical Features
Treatment
Medicolegal Importance
STRYCHNOS NUX VOMICA (FIGS 13.40A TO E)
Identification
Active principle
Mechanism of action
Signs/symptoms
Treatment
Medicolegal Importance
DATURA (FIGS 13.41A TO C)
Synonym
Classification
Active Principle
Mode of Action
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Postmortem Appearance
Medicolegal Aspect
CANNABIS INDICA (FIG. 13.42)
Classification
Active Principle
Constituent
Mode of Action
Preparations
Signs and Symptoms
Chronic poisoning
Treatment
Postmortem Appearance
Medicolegal Aspects
BHANG
Classification
Active Principle
Mode of Action
Constituent
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Postmortem Findings
Medicolegal Aspects
COCAINE (FIGS 13.43A AND B)
TIK-20 DIAZINON (MONOCRON, CROTON)
Odor
Mode of Action
Usual Fatal Dose
Clinical Features
Cause of Death
Treatment
Postmortem Appearence
Medicolegal Importance
FINIT
Mode of Action
Clinical Features
Cause of Death
Treatment
Postmortem Appearance
Medicolegal Importance
BAYGON – TEMIK, CARA VET, MARSHEL
Mode of Action
Clinical Findings
Treatment
Postmortem Appearance
Medicolegal Importance
ANTIMONY (FIG. 13.44)
Sources
Classification
Mechanism of Action
Clinical Features
Treatment
Postmortem Appearance
Medicolegal Importance
LEAD (FIGS 13.45A TO E)
Sources
Classification
Mechanism of Action
Clinical Features
Acute (rare)
Subacute
Chronic/Plumbism (Common)
Treatment
Postmortem Appearance
Medicolegal Importance
ARSENIC (FIGS 13.46A TO D)
Sources
Classification
Mechanism of Action
Fulminent Type
Clinical Features
Treatment
Postmortem Appearance
Medicolegal Importance
MERCURY (FIGS 13.47A AND B)
Sources
Classification
Mechanism of Action
Clinical Features
Acute
Cause of Death
Chronic
Treatment
Postmortem Appearance
Medicolegal Importance
COPPER SULFATE (FIGS 13.48A TO C)
Sources
Classification
Mechanism of Action
Clinical Features
Treatment
Postmortem Appearance
Medicolegal Importance
ACIDS (FIGS 13.49A TO D)
Classification
Mecanism of Action
Signs/Symptoms
Treatment
Medicolegal Importance
ETHYL ALCOHOL (ETHANOL) (FIGS 13.50A AND B)
Classification
Concentration
Mechanism of Action
Clinical Features
Chronic poisoning
Fatal Blood Level
Treatment
Chronic
Postmortem Appearance
Medicolegal Importance
METHYL ALCOHOL (METHANOL)
Mode of Action
Clinical Features
Treatment
Postmortem Appearance
Medicolegal Importance
OPIUM (FIGS 13.51A TO D)
Medicolegal Importance (MLI)
POTASSIUM CYANIDE (KCN) (FIG. 13.52)
Mode of Action
Death
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Postmortem Appearance
Medicolegal Importance
POISONOUS MUSHROOMS (FIG. 13.53)
Amanita phalloides
Amanita muscaria
Clinical Features
Treatment
ARGEMONE MEXICANA (FIGS 13.54A AND B)
Toxic principles
STOMACH WASH TUBE (FIG. 13.55)
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND ATHEROMA AORTA (FIG. 13.72A)
Clinical Fatures
Complications
PNEUMONIA (FIG. 13.72B)
Pathogenesis
Classification
Stages
Complitications
CHRONIC VENOUS CONGESTION OF LUNGS AND SPLEEN (FIG. 13.75A)
Etiology
Cirrhosis of Liver (Figs 13.73A and B)
Classification
Complications
ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS OF KIDNEY (FIG. 13.76)
Etiology
Complications
BRAIN EDEMA
Etiology
Complications
TUBERCULOSIS OF LUNG (FIG. 13.75B)
CHAPTER 14:
Model Exercises
OPINION
OPINION
OPINION
OPINION
OPINION
OPINION
OPINION
OPINION
OPINION
OPINION
OPINION
OPINION
OPINION
Genitals Examination
INJURIES IN THE BODY
OPINION
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
GENITALS EXAMINATION
OPINION
OPINION AS TO CAUSE OF DEATH
INDEX
TOC
Index
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