Recent Advances in Diabetes Rajeev Chawla
INDEX
ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQRSTUVWZ
Page numbers followed by f refer to figure, and t refer to table.
A
Acarbose 52
Adenosine
triphosphatase 68
triphosphate-sensitive potassium 16
Adipose tissues 80
adipocytes of 25
Advanced glycation end products 2, 93, 96
Albiglutide 58
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors 57
Alzheimer's disease 3
American Diabetes Association 111
Amyloid precursor protein-amyloid β protein 1
Antidiabetic drugs of next decade 56
Anti-inflammatory protein 118
Artificial pancreas 104
systems 108
Atherosclerosis 85
Automated bihormonal closed-loop control system 130f
Azoospermia 32
B
Bacteria 77
Bacteroides ovatus 83
Basic helix-loop-helix 14
Bifidobacteria 77, 80, 82
Bifidobacterium bifidum 85
Bihormonal systems 130
Bionic pancreas 108, 128, 129
Biotin-streptavidin chemistry 116
Blocking glucagon fibrillation 132
Blood glucose
concentrations 121
levels 110
self-monitoring of 50, 51
siphoning 63
Blood pressure, systolic 47
Body mass index 23, 47
Bone mineral density 31
Braak stages 2
C
Cadmium telluride 121
Canagliflozin 69, 70
Cardiovascular
disease 29, 94, 99
mortality 63
safety 72
Catecholamines 8
Cerebral microvascular disease 3
Cholesterol 47
Choline acetyltransferase 2
Classical islet encapsulation strategies 115
Closed-loop system 108f, 131
evolution of 107
Clostridium difficile infection 86
Continuous glucose monitoring systems 128
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion 106
pumps 128
Coptis chinensis 85
Coronary artery disease 30, 99
C-reactive protein 24
D
Dapagliflozin 69, 70
Deafness 14
Defronzo's ominous octet 10
Deoxyribonucleic acid 77
Diabetes 61, 63, 64
and Ramadan, epidemiology of 48
antirazor 8
cardiomyopathy in 98
cardiovascular risk in 92
complications of 48, 61
continuum 99f
dirty dozen of 7, 8
genomics of 12
in Ramadan, management of 51f
insipidus 14
macrovascular complications of 93
mellitus 14, 17, 83, 91
neonatal 12, 15
permanent neonatal 14
Ramadan fasting for patients with 47
regimens, anti-type 2 85
transient neonatal 14
type 1 1, 9, 12, 23, 48, 79f, 83, 104, 114, 128
type 2 8, 12, 22, 25, 28, 30, 32, 33, 35, 48, 56, 58, 65, 76, 79f, 80, 83, 84, 91
type 3 1
microvascular complications of 93
monogenic 12
neonatal 13
prevention of 56
programs 76
therapies, evolution of 57f
treatment of 48
types of 13, 48
Diabetic
complications 96
kidney disease 94
nephropathy 94
neuropathy 95
peripheral neuropathy 95
retinopathy 84, 93
Diacylglycerol 60
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane 7
Diethyl hexyl phthalate 7
Diethylstilbestrol 7
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 49, 57
inhibitors 52
Dopamine 8
Dysglycemia 128
E
Empagliflozin 69
Endocannabinoid system, modulation of 83
Endocrine disruptor chemicals 7
Endothelial injury 95
Endotoxemia
low grade 80
metabolic 80
Enteroendocrine cells 82
Enteropathy 14
Erectile dysfunction 28
Escherichia coli 77
Estimated glomerular filtration rate 69
Estradiol, role of 25
Euglycemia 128, 129
F
Fanconi-Bickel syndrome 14, 15
Fasting
metabolic implications of 47
plasma glucose 70
Fatty acids, short-chain 77
Fecal microbiota transplantation 86
Flash glucose monitoring system 106
Fluoresein isothiocyante-glycochitosan binding 118f
Freestyle libre pro system 106
Fusobacterium 85
G
Galactose 64
binding protein 120
Genetic testing 12
Gliclazide 53
Glomerular filtration rate 65, 99
Glucagon 131
fibrillation 132
like peptide 49, 51, 56, 57, 60, 80, 82
Glucokinase activators 59, 60
Gluconeogenesis 64
Glucose 64, 120
6-phosphatase enzyme 64
binding protein 121f
nanoscale protein engineering of 121
dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor 60
fasting 35
filtration 66f
handling of 64
homeostasis 63
insulin dynamics 109
metabolism 80
oxidase 120
reabsorption 64, 66f
renal reabsorption of 64
sensing 120, 121
stimulated insulin secretion, modulation of 60f
transporters 64, 68
Glucosuria 64
Glycemic control 34, 50
Glycogenolysis, hepatic 65
Gut microbes, role of 78f
Gut microbiome 77, 83
Gut microbiota 76, 80, 82
fermentation 82
H
Hematocrit 31
Hemoglobin, glycosylated 58, 60, 70
Hormone, gonadotropin releasing 23
Human embryonic stem cells 112
Human gastrointestinal tract 76
Human insulin inhalation powder 59
Human retinal endothelial cell 97
Hyperglycemia 2, 63, 64, 66, 66f, 93f, 111
chronic 3, 91, 128
promotes 97
risk of 48
Hypertension 84
Hypertrophy, left ventricular 99
Hypoglycemia 49, 63, 106, 107, 111, 129, 132
medications associated with low risk for 52
reduce 61
risk of 48–50
Hypogonadism 9, 28
hypogonadotropic 22, 25, 30, 38
possible consequences of 28
I
Infertility 32
Inflammation, low grade 97
Inflammatory mediators, role of 27
Insulin 2, 35, 53
injectable 59
intranasal 5
long-acting 54
mixed 54
nanoformulations of 119
newer analogs of 104
pump, subcutaneous 107
receptor substrate-1 34
receptor-β 34
regimens 53
requirements, reduce 10
resistance 33, 80, 93f
rates of 76
role of 26
short-acting 54
timings of 54
Ipragliflozin 69, 70
Islet cell transplantation 111, 114
Islet encapsulation, potential of 117
Islets of Langerhans 114
K
Ketoacidosis 111
Kidneys 63
stones 84
Kisspeptin 27
role of 27
Klebsiella 84
Kupffer cells 80
L
Lactobacilli 77, 82
Lactobacillus
acidophilus 85
casei 78
johnsonii 85
rhamnosus 78
Leptin, role of 27
Lipopolysaccharide 79
activity of 80
Lipoproteins
cholesterol 47
high density 47
low density 94
Lispro u200 59
Lower limb amputation, risk of 73
M
Macrovascular disease 98
Madras Diabetes Research Foundation experience with
maturity onset diabetes of young 18
with neonatal diabetes 15
Maturity onset diabetes of young 17, 19
subtypes of 17t
Metabolic syndrome 22, 23, 35, 56
Metformin 49, 52, 70
Microbiota 84
Mitogen activated protein kinases 93
Multilayered nanoencapsulation incorporating α-1-antitrypsin 119f
Myeloid differentiation factor 79
Myocardial infarction 37
N
Nanoencapsulation 116, 119
Nanomedicine 114
Nanosecond fluorescence lifetime photonics 121
Nanotechnology 114
in diabetes management, role of 114
National Health Service 57
Near infrared light 121
Neuroendocrine system 63
Nonenzymatic glucose receptor molecules 120
Noninvasive islet cell imaging 124
Nonpeptide glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist 61
O
Obesity 23, 25, 28, 32, 33, 80
Obesogens 7
Occam's law 10
Oligosaccharides 79
Oligospermia 32
Optic atrophy 14
Oral antidiabetic drugs 57
Oral semaglutide 58
effects of 58
Oxalobacter formigenes 84
Oxidative stress 3, 97
P
Pancreas 111
Pancreatic islet cell 111
Pegylated lispro 59
Peripheral vascular disease 95
Permanent neonatal diabetes, glycemic levels of 16t
Phenylboronic acid 120
Phenylethylbenzamide 59
Phlorizin 67
Phosphoinositide-3 93
Pioglitazone 52
Plasma
concentrations 66
inflammatory cytokines 82
Polycationic glycol chitosan 118
Polyendocrinopathy, immunodysregulation 14
Postprandial plasma glucose 70
Probiotics, characteristics of 78
Proendotoxinemic potentials 81
Prostacyclin synthase 97
Prostate specific antigen 32
Protective cell-coating architectures 116
Proteins
kinase C 93
multiple functional 117f
Prototype fiberoptic glucose 122
Proximal convoluted tubule 68
Q
Quantum dots 123
R
Ramadan
education and awareness in diabetes 49
medications adjustment during month of 51
structured education 49
Renal gluconeogenesis 65
Renal glucose
handling 64
reabsorption 64
inhibition of 67
Renal toxicity 84
Renin-angiotensin system 9
Ribonucleic acid 77
S
Semaglutide 58
subcutaneous 58
Sexual dysfunction, symptoms of 29
Single hormone systems 129
Smart insulin 123
pump 106, 107f
Smooth muscle cell 93
Sodium-glucose
cotransporter 51, 53, 63, 64, 68, 68t, 69t, 70t
transport 68f
Spermatogenesis 32
Spermatozoa per ejaculate 32
Staphylococcus
aureus 84
epidermidis 84
Steatosis, hepatic 82
Sulfonylurea 16, 51, 53, 70
administration of 16t
treatment 15
T
Testosterone 9, 31–32
low 23, 33
replacement
safety issues of 38
therapy 33
subnormal 30
therapy 35, 38
Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia 14
Thiazolidinediones 7, 57, 70
Total testosterone concentrations 22
Treacherous thirteen 10
Tumor necrosis factor 81
Two-hour postdawn meal 50
U
United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study 91
Uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 69
Uslet cell transplantation 114
V
Vasa vasorum, neovascularization of 98
Vascular endothelial growth factor 98
Veterans affairs diabetes trial 91
W
Wolcott-Rallison syndrome 14
Z
Zonula occludens 79
×
Chapter Notes

Save Clear