Editor TM Ananda Kesavan MD DNB MNAMS FIAP FIAMS PGDDN
Additional Professor Department of Pediatrics Government Medical College, Thrissur
Nodal Officer Institutional Research Committee Government Medical College (GMC), Thrissur
Chairman Institutional Ethics Committee, GMC Palakkad, Kerala, India
Editor-in-ChiefIndian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) Textbook of Pediatric Radiology National President 2017IAP Neurology Chapter
Foreword MKC Nair
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Frontiers in Pediatric Neurology
First Edition: 2017
9789386261755
Printed at
fm5Dedicated to
Late TMK Vishnu Nambisa (My father)Every single word in this book has been written with the endless support of my father who had been my mentor in my journey throughout…More than a father, he was my teacher and my friend….
fm6
fm7Contributors
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Anoop Verma MD FIAP
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Consultant Pediatrician
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Swapnil Nursing Home and Research Center
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Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Ciju Ravindranath MD (Pediatrics)
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Assistant Professor
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Department of Pediatrics
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Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Center
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Thrissur, Kerala, India
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D Kalpana MD DM (Neurology) DNB (Neuro)
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Additional Professor
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Department of Pediatric Neurology
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Sree Avittom Thirunal (SAT) Hospital
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Government Medical College
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Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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G Kumaresan MD DCH DM (Neuro)
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Retired Professor
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Department of Pediatric Neurology
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Madras Medical College
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Consultant Pediatric Neurologist
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Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital
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Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jitendra Kumar Sahu MD DM (Pediatric Neurology)
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Associate Professor
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Child Neurology Division
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Department of Pediatrics
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Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)
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Chandigarh, India
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Kavita Srivastava MD (Pediatrics)
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Fellowship in Pediatric Epilepsy
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Associate Professor and Specialist in Pediatric Epilepsy and Neurology
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Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College
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Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Ketan H Shah MD (Pediatrics)
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Consultant Pediatrician
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Ketan Children Hospital
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Surat, Gujarat, India
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KP Sarabhai MD FCGP
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Director
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Sarabhai Polyclinic
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Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Latika Nayar
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MD (Ped) FHM (Fellowship in HIV Medicine)
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Associate Professor
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Department of Pediatrics
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Government Medical College
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Thrissur, Kerala, India
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M Madhusudanan DM (Neurology)
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MD (Medicine)
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Professor and Head Department of Neurology Pushpagiri Medical College
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Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
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Mallika OU MS DO DNB MNAMS
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Professor Department of Ophthalmology Government TD Medical College
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Alappuzha, Kerala, India
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Mary Iype MD DM (Neurology) MNAMS (Neuro) FIMSA FRCPCH (Lon)
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Additional Professor Department of Pediatric Neurology SAT Hospital, Government Medical College
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Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Naveen Jain MD DM (Neonatology)
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Professor Department of Neonatology Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences
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Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Fellowship in Pediatric Neurology
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Professor and Head Department of Pediatric Neurology SAT Hospital Government Medical College
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Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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S Mini MD (Pediatrics) DNB (Pediatrics)DM (Neurology) Fellowship (EEG and Epilepsy)
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Additional Professor Department of Pediatric Neurology SAT Hospital Government Medical College
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Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Shaji Abraham MD (Medicine) DM (Neurology)
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Head Department of Neurology Government Medical College
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Thrissur, Kerala, India
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Sumeet R Dhawan MD
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Senior Resident (DM) Child Neurology Division Department of Pediatrics
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PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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Susan Uthup MD DNB (Ped) DM DNB (Nephro)
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Professor and Head Department of Pediatric Nephrology SAT Hospital, Government Medical College
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Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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TA Sheela MD
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Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics Government Medical College
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Thrissur, Kerala, India
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TM Ananda Kesavan
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MD DNB MNAMS FIAP FIAMS PGDDN
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Additional Professor Department of Pediatrics Government Medical College, Thrissur
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Nodal Officer
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Institutional Research Committee Government Medical College (GMC), Thrissur
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Chairman
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Institutional Ethics Committee, GMC
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Palakkad, Kerala, India
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Editor-in-Chief
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Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) Textbook of Pediatric Radiology
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National President 2017
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IAP Neurology Chapter
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V Viswanathan DCH MRCP PhD (Pediatric Neurology)
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Consultant Pediatric Neurologist Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital and Apollo Children's Hospital
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Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Vinayan KP MD (Pediatrics) DM
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Professor and Head Division of Pediatric Neurology Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences
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Kochi, Kerala, India
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VT Haridas
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MD DNB (Gen Med) DNB (Neuro) DM (Neuro)
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Head Department of Neurology Elite Mission Hospital
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Thrissur, Kerala, India
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Yeeshu Singh Sudan MD
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Fellow in Pediatric Neurology Consultant Pediatric Neurologist Medanta—The Medicity Hospital
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Gurugram, Haryana, India
It is indeed a matter of great pleasure for me to write a foreword to Frontiers in Pediatric Neurology brought out by my erstwhile student, TM Ananda Kesavan, an astute clinician, an academician and a sincere teacher. Neurological problems in children are a leading cause for morbidity, and sometimes mortality in India, and other middle-income countries. The book meant for postgraduate students in pediatrics and pediatric neurology, practicing pediatricians and faculty from teaching hospitals, is a welcome addition to the available literature on pediatric neurology.
The topics covered by eminent pediatricians and pediatric neurologists include common and practical problems such as febrile seizure, epilepsy, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, cerebral palsy, etc. It has given much importance to relevant clinical examinations, particularly, in chapters such as pitfalls in neurological examination, ataxia and muscle disorders. Each chapter has been given emphasis on latest developments in pediatric neurology and management strategies available in developing countries.
I am confident that the book would satisfy a growing need for such a comprehensive book to guide the postgraduate students and practicing pediatricians. I have no hesitation to recommend this book to all healthcare personnel involved in taking care of children with neurological diseases.
MKC Nair
Vice Chancellor
Kerala University of Health Sciences
Founder Director
Child Development Centre
Kerala, India
fm11Preface
Diseases of the nervous system are quite common in children in the developing countries. They are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in our children. Unfortunately, many of these problems are not satisfactorily addressed in countries such as India and other middle-income countries.
My idea in writing this book is to provide a proper perspective to the pediatricians, postgraduates in pediatrics and neurology, practicing pediatricians and teaching faculties to understand the important neurological diseases that they may come across in their practice. Many topics discussed in Frontiers in Pediatric Neurology, are not available in the recently published pediatric Neurology books.
Chapters in the book include topics ranging from the problems arising from clinical examinations, infectious diseases, autoimmune problems, various aspects of epilepsy, electrolytes imbalance to brain death.
I believe that the book would contribute to a better understanding and effective management of children with neurological diseases.
fm13Acknowledgements
I acknowledge the help of all contributors from all over the world, without whose help, this textbook would not have become a reality.
I acknowledge the constant support and encouragement provided by Professors PA Mohammed Kunju and KK Purushothaman. I would also like to thank Professor MKC Nair who was gracious enough to write a foreword for this book.
I would like to thank Dr Sujatha Anand, Aditya Anand and Akash Anand for helping me to prepare this book in many ways. I also thank M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, for showing interest in publishing the book.