Recent Advances in Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery (Volume 6) Anil K Lalwani, Markus HF Pfister
INDEX
Note: Page numbers followed by f refer to figure, t refer to table.
A
Aberrant mucosal microbiota 90
Acellular dermis 174
Acoustic neuromas 237
treatment strategies 238
acoustic neuromas treatment schema 249
fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery 246
larger acoustic neuromas tumors 245
radiation therapy 239
radiation therapy compared to surgical resection 243
stereotactic radiosurgery 239
Acyl-homoserine lactone 91
Airway microbiome 79
physiologically distinct conditions along the respiratory tract 81
succession of the upper airway microbiota 79
Airway microbiome in lung
disease 82
Allografts 174
Alloplastic nasal buttons 116
Anterior epitympanic disease 22
Anterior epitympanum 1
Anterior ethmoidal artery 196
Anterior skull base 231
Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) 228
Arytenoid palpation 260t
Autonomic nervous system 237
B
Basilar skull fracture 160
Battle's sign 160
Bell's palsy 199
Beta-2 transferrin 169
Bone and cartilage grafts 172
Bone marrow hematopoiesis 91
Bronchial hyper-responsiveness 82
Bulge test 47
C
Caldwell-Luc antrostomies 229
Carotic artery 189
Caroticotympanic nerves 9
Carotid artery 25
Carotid artery aneurysms 184
Carotid canal 9
Catecholamine-secreting tumors 250
Causes of postparalytic facial
synkinesia 199
Cells of Onodi 195
Cellular human dermal allograft 107
Cerebellopontine angle (CPA) 237
Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea 159
clinical presentation 162
etiology 159
nontraumatic 160
traumatic 159
evaluation 162
imaging 166
laboratory 164
medical treatment 169
surgical treatment 171
Changes in drug transport with microperforations/
microinjection 43
Chin augmentation 213
advancement osseous genioplasty 215
alloplastic chin augmentation 213
soft-tissue augmentation 218
Chordoma 186
Chronic back pain 183
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) 82
Combined endoscopic-robotic
transaxillary approach 226
Compliance versus applied pressure 48
Conchal cartilage 115f
Congestive heart failure 183
Cotton-Myer grading system 260t
Craniofacial resections 160
Craniopharyngioma 186
Cross-stealing technique 106f
Customized septal button 118
Cystic fibrosis (CF) 82
D
Dandy criteria 161
da Vinci instruments 230
da Vinci surgical system 226
Deep layers of temporal fascia 107
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) 116
Dendritic cells 90
Depressor anguli oris 206
Depressor labii inferioris 206
Dizziness handicap inventory (DHI)
scores 244
E
Eastern cooperative oncology group
(ECOG) 225
Electrochemical detection of the
moment of penetration 50
Endoscopic anatomy of the middle ear 1
cholesteatoma 10
cochlear surgery 18
epitympanum 3
eustachian tube surgery 22
disease clearance 22
eustachian tube dilatation 22
patulous eustachian tube management 22
facial nerve 24
hypotympanum 9
indications and applications 10
lateral skull base surgery 24
endoscope-assisted superior canal dehiscence management 27
endoscope-assisted vestibular schwannoma surgery 27
infracochlear approach 24
suprageniculate approach 24
transcanal transpromontorial approach 24
protympanum 8
retrotympanum 5
inferior division 6
superior division 6
stapes surgery 18
tympanoplasty 11
Endoscopic ear surgery 27
advantages 27
better visualization 28
faster operating time and reduced cost 27
improved teaching 30
lack of external scar 27
less-deforming surgery 27
less pain and faster healing 28
potentially better function 28
disadvantages and limitations 30
loss of one hand 30
loss of three-dimensional perception 30
optimum instrumentation 30
proof of concept 30
retraining 31
instrumentation 31
cameras 31
dedicated instruments 31
endoscopes 31
postprocessing 33
mesotympanum 2
Epworth sleepiness scale 228
Eustachian tube 3
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
(ECMO) 274
F
Facial clinimetric evaluation score 200
Facial nerve palsy 248
Fallopian canal 24
Floor of the Sella 189
Frontalis muscles 200
Functional rhinosurgery 123
material and methods 124
acoustic rhinometry 126
long-term rhinometry 128
rhinoresistometry 124
results 130
six clinical cases 130
Fungal microbiota 87
G
Gait disturbance in the elderly 57
epidemiology of falls 57
etiology of falls 58
financial burden of falls 58
gait paralysis 59
gait parameters 59
gait changes and fall risk 61
gait speed in the elderly 60
gait variability in the elderly 60
wearable systems for gait analysis 62
clinical application of solesound 69
gait changes elicited by action-related audio-haptic feedback 65
solesound 64
Gamma knife radiosurgery 247t
Gastrointestinal airway axis 91
Gastrostomy feeding tube 225
Guinea pig 43
H
Halstead's sublabial gingival incision 181
Head trauma 160
Health status questionnaire (HSQ) 244
High fidelity numerical modeling 47
Host-Microbe interactions in the
airways and mechanisms 89
House-Brackmann grading system 245
Human microbiome 75
approaches 76
Human papillomavirus (HPV) 225
Hypotympanum 5
I
Idiopathic intracranial
hypertension 161
Inertial measurement unit (IMU) 64
Inferior salivary nucleus 3
Inferior turbinate flap 108f
Infratemporal fossa 229
Internal acoustic canal (IAC) 24
Interpositional graft 111
Intracanalicular and extracanalicular
tumors 239
Intracochlear delivery 40
Intracochlear disease 22
Intracranial hemorrhage 171
Intrasellar cystic lesions 185
Intrasphenoidal landmarks 189
J
Jacobson's nerve 2, 3
Jugular bulb 25, 249
Jugular paragangliomas 249
K
Karnofsky performance scale 245
L
Lateral incudomalleal fold 3
Learning endoscopic ear surgery 33
learning as an established surgeon 34
learning endoscopic ear surgery in residency 34
modern learning theory and its application 33
distribute sessions 34
test yourself 34
starting out in endoscopic ear surgery 34
Leksell stereotactic frame 239
Levator muscle of upper lip 200
Lumbar drainage 170
Lumbar drain catheter 171
Lumbar puncture 166
Lymph node 227
M
Ménière's disease 39
Mersilene mesh 214
Mesotympanum 5
Microneedles for drug delivery 42
Minimally invasive video-assisted
thyroidectomy 226
Monopolar electrocautery 224
Mucociliary transport 101
N
Nanoindenter 45
Nasal cavity 159, 183f
Nasal drainage 162
Nasal polyps 82
Nasal septal prosthesis 116
Nasal symptoms 87
Nasoseptal flap 172
Neuromuscular retraining (NMR)
therapy 202
Neurotransmitter acetylcholine 201
O
Olfactory mucosa 183
Optic nerve 189
Orbicularis oculi 200
Orbicularis oris 200
Otic ganglion 3
P
Paragangliomas 249
radiation therapy for jugular paragangliomas 251
Paranasal sinus computed
tomography 116
Parapharyngeal space 229
Parasympathetic fibers 3
Parkinson's disease 69
Parotid gland 3
Pediatric laryngotracheal stenosis 257
causes 257
management 258
initial assessment 258
patient selection and timing of surgery 261
preoperative assessment 258
preoperative decision making 262
role of laryngotracheal stenting in open airway reconstruction 262
anterior laryngotracheal reconstruction 265
grade-based management strategy 263
partial cricotracheal resection 265
slide tracheoplasty 273
tracheal resection 270
Pediatric transoral robotic airway
surgery 274
Petrous apex 25
Pituitary tumors 185
Platysmal synkinesis 207
Posterior incudal ligamental fold 3
Posterior skull base tumors 237
Promontory 9
Protiniculum 9
Protympanic recess 8
Protympanum 1, 9
Prussak's space 11, 35t
Pulsatile tinnitus 161
R
Ramsay Hunt syndrome 199
Respiratory epithelium 101
Retrotympanum 5
Rhinorrhea 160
Rib cartilage 115f
Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (RRNA) 75
Robotic-assisted neck dissections 227
Robotic head and neck surgery 221
current application of surgical robots 223
robotic neck dissection 227
robotic skull base surgery 229
robotic sleep surgery 228
robotic thyroidectomy 226
transoral robotic surgery and robotic head and neck surgery 223
future application of surgical robotics 231
technology and otolaryngology 221
Role of 3D printing and bioprinting in
airway reconstruction 275
Role of tissue engineering in airway
reconstruction 277
Round window membrane 41
Round window niche 7
RWM microanatomy 49
S
Scala tympani 40
Schwann cells 237
Semipermeable synthetic
membrane 50
Septal perforations 101
epidemiology 101
etiology 101
extensive flaps 109
interpositional grafts 110
free tissue grafts 107
inferior turbinate flap 107
oral vestibular flap 109
transposition flaps 102
treatment 101
Silicone and polytetrafluoroethylene
(PTFE) 213
Single-arm robotic surgical
system 222f
Single instrument-arm 223f
Sinonasal disease 159
Sinus microbiome and rhinosinusitis 82
bacterial biogeography of the sinonasal microbiome 88
bacterial microbiota in chronic rhinosinusitis 84
clinical classification of rhinosinusitis 82
clinical phenotypes 83
fungal microbiota in chronic rhinosinusitis 88
microbiota in allergic rhinitis 86
molecular endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis 83
upper airway microbiome in cystic fibrosis 87
Sinus microbiota 87
Sinus subtympanicus 7
Sinus tympani 1
Skin grafts and flaps 101
Skull base defects 172
Sleep apnea 216
Sliding genioplasty 218
Snugfit septum button 117f
Sphenopalatine artery 113f, 173, 196
Spiral ganglion neurons 41
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) 238
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) 196
Subarachnoid space 159
Subcochlear canaliculus 7
Subglottic stenosis (SGS) 257
Subtensor recess 8
Sunnybrook facial grading system 200
Sydney endoscopic ear surgery 35t
Synkinesis assessment questionnaire 200
T
T-cell phenotypes 90
T-cells 90
Temporalis fascia 107
Tensor fold 3
Thyroid cancer, robot-assisted neck
dissections 227
Thyroidectomies 226
Tongue squamous cell carcinomas 224
Tragal cartilage 107f
Transaxillary and retroauricular
approaches 227
Transaxillary robot-assisted
thyroidectomy 227
Transnasal camera 231
Transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery 181
indications 184
possible intraoperative complications 194
avoidance and management of complications 196
endonasal complications 194
orbital and paranasal sinus complications 194
skull base and intracranial complications 195
preoperative evaluation 184
surgical steps toward the sphenoid sinus 186
tailored approaches 185
Transoral instruments 231
Transpromontorial corridor 22
Transseptal-transsphenoidal
approach 181
Traumatic skull base injury 199
Treatment of facial synkinesis 199
botulinum toxin 201
evaluation 202
synkinesis 199
therapeutic options 203
contralateral normal side 207
midface 206
neck 207
neuromodulator injection 204
neuromuscular retraining 203
periocular 205
perioral 206
risks 209
Trigeminal neuropathy 245
Tympanomeatal 22
V
Valsalva maneuver 162
Vascularized flaps 173
Vasomotor rhinitis 162
Vestibular schwannomas 24
Vocal cord immobility 260t
X
Xenografts 174
Z
Zero meridian line 213
Zygomatic musculature 208
Zygomaticus 200
major muscle 206
minor muscle 206
×
Chapter Notes

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fm1Recent Advances in OTOLARYNGOLOGY Head and Neck Surgeryfm2
fm3Recent Advances in OTOLARYNGOLOGY Head and Neck Surgery
Vol. 6
Editors Anil K Lalwani MD Professor and Vice-Chair for Research Director, Division of Otology, Neurotology and Skull Base Surgery Director, Columbia Cochlear Implant Center Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Medical Director of Perioperative Services New York Presbyterian—Columbia University Medical Center New York City, New York, USA Markus HF Pfister MD MBA Associate Professor of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Affiliated with Klinik St Anna, Lucerne, Hirslanden Group HNO Sarnen, Switzerland Swisstinnitus, Switzerland Kantonsspital Obwalden Hirslanden Klinik Meggen Meggen, Switzerland
fm4
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Recent Advances in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (Vol. 6)
First Edition: 2017
9789386322128
fm5Dedicated to
My parents—Madan and Gulab Lalwani
My in-laws—Rikhab and Ratan Bhansali
My children—Nikita and Sahil
And, most specially to my wife—Renu Bhansali Lalwani
A wonderful partner, friend, mother, community activist
and the smartest internist I know!
Anil K Lalwani
My parents—Ingeborg and Hermann Pfister
My brother and sister—Stefan and Andrea
And, most specially to my beloved Doris
A wonderful partner and my center of inspiration.
Markus HF Pfisterfm6
fm7International Editorial Board fm9Contributors fm13Preface
Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery is a dynamic medical and surgical specialty characterized by rapid advances in its scientific foundation and of its therapeutic armamentarium. Simultaneously, there are novel technical and technological innovations that positively impact on patient care. Consequently, Otolaryngology is constantly evolving as new knowledge comes forth and new technologies become available. Recent examples of advances in Otolaryngology include the use of endoscopes to treat a variety of disorders (including middle ear and mastoid disease, CSF Rhinorrhea, and Skull Base Disease), treatment of pediatric airway, new methods to treat chin augmentation, innovative and inexpensive tools to assess gait and posture in the elderly, and robotics in head and neck surgery. The challenge for the busy clinician in the 21st century is to remain abreast of these ever-expanding bodies of knowledge, surgical techniques, diagnostic test, imaging technology, and prosthetics while deeply immersed in their clinical practice. Ironically, this has become even more difficult with the explosion of technologies designed to put information at one's fingertips. This annual periodical, Recent Advances in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, covering all the subspecialties of Otolaryngology, is designed to make it easy for the clinician to keep current with what is new. Due to its rapid publication cycle, the material is current, topical, and immediately relevant to the clinician. Reviews emphasize clear artwork rendered in color to convey new concepts and surgical approaches. We have assembled an outstanding international editorial board to assist us in this exciting project. Similarly, invited authors are leaders in the field and have made seminal contributions in their topics. We hope that you will enjoy reading this 6th volume as much as we have enjoyed assembling it.
Anil K Lalwani MD
Markus HF Pfister MD MBAfm14
fm15Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Group President), Ms Chetna Malhotra Vohra (Associate Director–Content Strategy), Nedup Denka Bhutia (Development Editor), and Production team of Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi, India for their assistance with the 6th volume of Recent Advances in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery.