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Textbook of Laryngology Nupur Kapoor Nerurkar, Amitabha Roychoudhury

SECTION 1: HISTORY AND BASIC SCIENCES
CHAPTER 1:A Historical Review of Laryngology
- INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2:Anatomy of the Larynx
- INTRODUCTION
- CARTILAGES
- MUSCLES
  - Intrinsic Muscles
  - Extrinsic Muscles
- LIGAMENTS AND MEMBRANES
- SPACES IN THE LARYNX
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 3:Physiology of Phonation
- INTRODUCTION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 4:Physiology of Swallowing
- INTRODUCTION
- EVOLUTION
- ANATOMY
  - Muscles
  - Neural Control
- PHYSIOLOGY OF SWALLOWING
- NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL CONTROL
  - Cortical control
  - Swallowing Central Pattern Generator Control
- COORDINATION WITH RESPIRATION
- VARIATIONS IN SWALLOWING
  - Development of the Human Aerodigestive Tract and Changes with Age
- CONCLUSION
- THE FUTURE
SECTION 2: CLINICAL ASSESSMENT AND OFFICE PROCEDURES
CHAPTER 5:Clinical Evaluation in a Patient with a Voice Disorder
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITIONS
  - Voice
  - Hoarseness
- HISTORY
- VOCAL CAPABILITIES PATTERN MATCHING
  - Orienting the Visual Examination
  - Documentation of the Voice
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 6:Stroboscopy, High-Speed Imaging, Videokymography and Optical Coherence Tomography
- INTRODUCTION
- VIDEOSTROBOSCOPY
- HIGH-SPEED LARYNGEAL IMAGING
- VIDEOKYMOGRAPHY
- OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
- SYNOPSIS
CHAPTER 7:Voice Analysis and Therapy Planning by an SLP
- INTRODUCTION
- INITIAL REFERRAL
- VOICE ASSESSMENT
- VOICE EVALUATION
- VOICE THERAPY
- EVALUATION OF THERAPEUTIC OUTCOME
- WHEN VOICE THERAPY IS UNSUCCESSFUL
- CONCLUDING REMARKS
CHAPTER 8:Clinical Evaluation in a Patient with Dysphagia with Role of FEESST, VFS and TNE
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY TAKING
- IS LOCALIZATION HISTORY IMPORTANT?
- CAUSES
- CLINICAL ASSESSMENT 1
  - Clinical Swallow Evaluation (Box 3)
- CLINICAL ASSESSMENT 2
  - Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing
    - Procedure
  - Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing and Sensory Testing
    - Pharyngeal Squeeze Maneuver and Laryngeal Adductor Response
- PREDICTION OF ASPIRATION
- FLUOROSCOPIC EVALUATION OF SWALLOWING
- PENETRATION ASPIRATION SCALE20
- TRANSNASAL ESOPHAGOSCOPY
- HIGH-RESOLUTION MANOMETRY
- PH MONITORING
CHAPTER 9:Imaging of the Larynx
- INTRODUCTION
- CROSS-SECTION IMAGING
- BASIC ANATOMY
- LARYNGEAL SPACES
  - Important Radioanatomy
- LARYNGEAL CARCINOMA
  - Supraglottic Carcinoma
  - Glottic Carcinoma
  - Subglottic Carcinoma
  - Transglottic Carcinoma
- VITAL IMAGING FINDINGS
- CARTILAGE INVASION
  - Computed Tomography
  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- NODAL DISEASE (N-STAGING)
- SYSTEMIC METASTASES (M-STAGING)
- POSTTREATMENT IMAGING
- OTHER LARYNGEAL TUMORS
- NEOPLASM OF LARYNGEAL SKELETON
- TUMORS OF LYMPHORETICULAR SYSTEM
  - Lymphoma
  - Plasmacytoma
- TUMORS OF MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS
- VASOFORMATIVE TUMORS
- LIPOMA
- METASTASES
- VOCAL CORD PALSY
  - Causes of Vocal Cord Palsy
  - Findings of Vocal Cord Palsy26
    - Primary Signs (Figs. 20A to C)
    - Secondary Signs
- LARYNGOCELE
- TRAUMA
- INFLAMMATORY/INFECTIVE CONDITIONS
- LARYNGEAL STENOSIS
CHAPTER 10:Injection Laryngoplasty
- INTRODUCTION
- PRINCIPLE OF INJECTION LARYNGOPLASTY
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
- INDICATIONS FOR INJECTION LARYNGOPLASTY
- PATIENT SELECTION
- CONTRAINDICATIONS
- MATERIALS USED
- PERCUTANEOUS OFFICE INJECTION LARYNGOPLASTY
  - Equipment Required
  - Techniques
- COMPLICATIONS OF INJECTION LARYNGOPLASTY
- FUTURE RESEARCH
CHAPTER 11:Office-Based Vocal Fold Procedures
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL ASPECTS
- OFFICE-BASED VOCAL FOLD PROCEDURES—APPLICATIONS
- OFFICE-BASED VOCAL FOLD INJECTION TECHNIQUES—APPROACHES
- COMPLICATIONS OF VOCAL FOLD INJECTION TECHNIQUES
- OFFICE-BASED VOCAL FOLD BIOPSIES AND LARYNGEAL LASER SURGERIES
- OFFICE-BASED (VOCAL FOLD) LARYNGEAL LASER SURGERY
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12:Laryngeal Electromyography in Spasmodic Dysphonia and Overview of Spasmodic Dysphonia
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL ASPECTS
- SUBJECT MATTER
- NEW HORIZONS
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 3: PHONOSURGERY
CHAPTER 13:Principles and Essentials of Phonomicrosurgery
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL CONSIDERATIONS
- ANATOMY OF THE VOCAL FOLD
- EQUIPMENT
- PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT
- ANESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS
- EXPOSURE
- PROCEDURE
  - Medial Microflap Technique4
- POSTOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS
- NEW HORIZONS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 14:Nodules and Polyps
- INTRODUCTION
- ETIOLOGY
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- INTRODUCTION
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- PATHOLOGY
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 15:Cysts, Sulci and Mucosal Bridge
- INTRODUCTION
- SUBEPITHELIAL CYSTS
- MUCOUS RETENTION CYST
- EPIDERMOID CYST
- VOICE, VIDEOSTROBOSCOPY, AND NARROW BAND IMAGING IN A PATIENT WITH A SUBEPITHELIAL CYST
- MANAGEMENT
- PREOPERATIVE THERAPY AND COUNSELING
- PSEUDOCYST AND PARESIS PODULE
- SULCUS VOCALIS
  - Type 1 (Physiological Sulcus)
  - Type 2 (Linear Vergeture/Sulcus Vergeture)
  - Type 3 (Focal Pit/Sulcus Vocalis)
- ETIOLOGY
- VOICE AND VIDEOSTROBOSCOPY
- PSEUDOSULCUS
- MANAGEMENT OF SULCUS
- INCISION AND FLAP REPOSITION
- EXCISION AND SUTURING
- FAT INJECTION
- FAT IMPLANTATION
- PONTES TECHNIQUE
- THYROPLASTY
- GRAY MINITHYROTOMY
- HYALURONIC ACID INJECTION
- MUCOSAL BRIDGE
- NEW HORIZONS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 16:Lasers in Phonomicrosurgery
- INTRODUCTION
- SUBEPITHELIAL INFILTRATION TECHNIQUE AND MINI-MICROFLAP DISSECTION
- HISTORICAL ASPECTS
- LASER PHYSICS
  - CO2 Laser
- ADVANCED LASER ACCESSORIES
  - Superpulse and Ultrapulse Modes
  - AcuSpot® Micromanipulator, Scanner, AcuBlade®
- LASER SAFETY PROTOCOLS
- SPECIFIC CONSIDERATION OF VARIOUS BENIGN VOCAL FOLD PATHOLOGIES
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 17:Lasers in Early Glottic Cancer
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL ASPECTS
- DYSPLASIA AND EARLY GLOTTIC CANCERS
  - Leukoplakia
  - Early Glottic Cancer
- PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSTICS
- TYPES OF LASERS
  - CO2 Laser—AcuBlade® Scanner System
- ADVANTAGES OF LASER SURGERY
  - Surgical Procedures—Cordectomy (According to the European Laryngological Society 2000, 2007)
- ANESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS
- THEATER CONSIDERATIONS
- POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT AND FOLLOW-UP
- CONTROVERSY
- NEW HORIZONS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 18:Principles of Laryngeal Framework Surgery
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- INDICATIONS
- PREPARATION FOR SURGERY
- CONTRAINDICATIONS
- COMPLICATIONS
- THE FUTURE
CHAPTER 19:Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis and Medialization Laryngoplasty
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL ASPECTS
- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY
- EVALUATION
- MANAGEMENT
- SURGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS
  - Injection Augmentation
  - Laryngeal Framework Surgery
- SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
- NEW HORIZONS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 20:Surgical Treatment of Spasmodic Dysphonia
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- BOTULINUM TOXIN INJECTION
  - For Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia
  - For Abductor Spasmodic Dysphonia
- SURGERY FOR SPASMODIC DYSPHONIA
CHAPTER 20:Puberphonia and Relaxation Laryngoplasty
- INTRODUCTION
- DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS
- INCIDENCE
- CAUSES
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- RELAXATION LARYNGOPLASTY OR THYROPLASTY TYPE 3
- INDICATIONS
- PROCEDURE
- COMPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 22:Feminizing Laryngoplasty
- INTRODUCTION
- NATURE'S COURSE
- DEVELOPMENT OF FEMINIZING PITCH CHANGE SURGERY
- NEW HORIZONS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 23:Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis and Narrow Band Imaging
- INTRODUCTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- STAGING
- NARROW BAND IMAGING
- CLINIC
- TREATMENT
- CONCLUSION
- SYNOPSIS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
CHAPTER 24:Glottic Web
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL ASPECTS
- ANTERIOR GLOTTIC WEBS
  - Congenital
  - Acquired
- ENDOSCOPIC TECHNIQUES
- OPEN TECHNIQUES
- NEW HORIZONS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 25:Considerations in the Professional Voice User
- INTRODUCTION
- ASSESSMENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL VOICE USER
  - History
- PROFESSIONAL VOICE USER EXAMINATION
- OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
- MANAGEMENT
  - Timing
  - Vocal Emergencies (UK Perspective)
- ROLE OF VOICE TEACHER AND SPEECH AND LANGUAGE THERAPY
- WHEN TO OPERATE, WHEN NOT TO OPERATE
- HOW TO OPERATE
- POSTOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS
- SUMMARY
SECTION 4: INFLAMMATORY, ENDOCRINE AND FUNCTIONAL VOICE DISORDERS
CHAPTER 26:Localized Inflammatory and Infective Laryngeal Disorders
- INTRODUCTION
- SYMPTOMATOLOGY
- NONOBSTRUCTIVE LARYNGITIS OR SIMPLE LARYNGITIS
- OBSTRUCTIVE LARYNGITIS
  - Acute Epiglottitis
- ACUTE LARYNGOTRACHEOBRONCHITIS OR CROUP
  - Clinical Features
  - Management
- LARYNGEAL DIPHTHERIA
- PERTUSSIS
- EDEMA OF LARYNX
- ANGIONEUROTIC EDEMA
- ACUTE LARYNGEAL INFECTIONS OF ADULTS
  - Conditions That May Mimic Acute Laryngeal Infections
- CHRONIC LARYNGITIS
  - Etiology
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- REINKE'S EDEMA
  - Examination
  - Treatment
- CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS LARYNGITIS
- TUBERCULOSIS
- SYPHILIS
- LEPROSY
- SARCOIDOSIS
- WEGENER'S GRANULOMATOSIS
- CANDIDIASIS
- HISTOPLASMOSIS
- BLASTOMYCOSIS
- ACTINOMYCOSIS
- RHINOSCLEROMA
- RADIATION-INDUCED LARYNGITIS
- INTUBATION GRANULOMAS
- LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- NEW HORIZONS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 27:Systemic Inflammatory Disorders
- INTRODUCTION
- GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS
- RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
- AMYLOIDOSIS
- RELAPSING POLYCHONDRITIS
- MUCOUS MEMBRANE PEMPHIGOID
- SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
- IGG4-RELATED DISEASE
CHAPTER 28:Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease
- INTRODUCTION
- ESOPHAGEAL PHYSIOLOGY AND LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL REFLUX PATHOLOGY
- GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
- LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
  - Pathophysiology of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL REFLUX
- DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
- FOLLOW-UP OF PATIENTS WITH LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL REFLUX
CHAPTER 29:Endocrine and Neurological Disorders
- INTRODUCTION
- EFFECTS OF SEX HORMONES ON LARYNX AND VOICE
- PREMENSTRUAL VOICE SYNDROME
- MENOPAUSAL VOICE SYNDROME
- INTRODUCTION
- MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
- PARKINSON'S DISEASE
- LARYNGEAL TREMOR
- KEY DIFFERENCES
  - Types of Dystonic Tremor
- MANAGEMENT OF DYSTONIC TREMOR
- MOTOR NEURONE DISEASE (MND)
CHAPTER 30:Muscle Tension Dysphonia
- INTRODUCTION
- EVOLUTION OF TERMINOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- TYPE 1 MTD (LARYNGEAL ISOMETRIC)
- TYPE 2 MTD (LATERAL CONTRACTION AND/OR HYPERADDUCTION)
  - Subtype 2a (Glottic)
  - Subtype 2b (Supraglottic)
- TYPE 3 MTD (ANTEROPOSTERIOR CONTRACTION)
- SPHINCTERIC LARYNX
- PATIENT EVALUATION AND DIAGNOSIS
  - History
  - Physical Examination
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 5: AIRWAY AND SWALLOWING
CHAPTER 31:Assessment of a Stridulous Patient
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
- ENDOSCOPIC EVALUATION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 32:Pediatric Airway—An Overview
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL ASPECTS
- ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS
- EVALUATION OF A STRIDULOUS CHILD
- MANAGEMENT
- LARYNGOMALACIA
- NEW HORIZONS
  - EXIT to Airway Procedures
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 33:Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
- INTRODUCTION
- RELEVANT ANATOMY (Fig. 1)
- ETIOLOGIC FACTORS
- ETIOLOGY IN CHILDREN
- POSITION OF CORDS
  - Synkinesis and Reinnervation
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION
  - Presentation in Children
- DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 34:Principles of Management of Laryngotracheal Stenosis
- INTRODUCTION
- ASSESSMENT
- MANAGEMENT OF LARYNGOTRACHEAL STENOSIS
- HISTORICAL ASPECTS
- TIMING OF SURGERY
- SELECTION OF SURGICAL APPROACH
CHAPTER 35:Laryngeal Trauma
- INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATION
- ETIOPATHOGENESIS
- INVESTIGATIONS
- MANAGEMENT
- BLUNT TRAUMA (Fig. 1)
- PENETRATING TRAUMA
- INTUBATION TRAUMA (Figs. 2 to 4)
- INTERNAL TRAUMA DUE TO INGESTION OF CORROSIVES (Figs. 5A and B)
  - Surgical Principles
  - Outcome Assessment
CHAPTER 36:Surgical Management of Dysphagia
- INTRODUCTION
- IMMEDIATE FEEDING OPTIONS
- NUTRITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
- REHABILITATIVE SWALLOWING THERAPY
- COMPENSATORY SWALLOWING THERAPY
- INTERVENTIONAL THERAPY IN SWALLOWING DISORDERS
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 6: RECENT ADVANCES
CHAPTER 37:Laryngeal Transplantation
- INTRODUCTION
- QUALITY OF LIFE AFTER LARYNGECTOMY
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 38:Transoral Robotic Surgery in Larynx and Hypopharynx
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL ASPECTS
- TRANSORAL ROBOTIC SURGERY—INSTRUMENTATION AND SPECIAL EQUIPMENT
  - Surgical Robot
  - Essential Instruments for Transoral Robotic Surgery
- PERTINENT ANATOMY
- TREATMENT GOALS
  - Benign Surgery
  - Cancer Surgery
- TYPES OF PROCEDURES
  - Supraglottic Excision
  - Supraglottic Laryngectomy
- PATIENT SELECTION
- PREOPERATIVE PLANNING
- BENEFITS OF TRANSORAL ROBOTIC SURGERY
- COMPLICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT
  - Bleeding
  - Airway Compromise and Swallowing Dysfunction
- POSTOPERATIVE CARE
- OUTCOMES
- NEW HORIZONS
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 39:Vocal Fold Regeneration
- INTRODUCTION
- VOCAL FOLD ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
- DIFFERENT METHODS OF REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
- CONCLUSION

INDEX

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Chapter Notes