Index

The Art & Science of Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) Rubina Merchant, Rita Basuray Das, Gautam Nand Allahbadia, Monikaa Malhotra Chawla, Goral Neeraj Gandhi, Esther Velilla Garcia

INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1: Endocrinology of Assisted Reproductive Techniques
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
CHAPTER 2: Modern Work-up of Infertility
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 1: STIMULATION STRATEGIES
CHAPTER 3: Ovulation Induction with Tamoxifen Citrate
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 4: Defining the Poor Ovarian Response before Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation
- SUMMARY
- RATIONALE
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- RECENT ADVANCES
  - Anti-Müllerian Hormone
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 5: Aromatase Inhibitors: Their Role in the Treatment of Infertility
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
  - Physiology
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 6: Urinary Human FSH versus Recombinant Human FSH
- INTRODUCTION
  - Recombinant Human FSH (r-hFSH) Preparations
    - r-hFSH Induces Follicular Development
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
  - Comparison of r-hFSH with u-hFSH in ART
  - Comparison of r-hFSH and Highly Purified u-hFSH
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 7: Stimulation Strategies for Complex IVF Patients
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- RECENT ADVANCES
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 8: The Dilemma of the Poor Responder: Choices before Oocyte Donation
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
  - Definition
  - Reasons
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
  - Treatment Options for Poor Responders
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 9: Programming the Cycle with Oral Contraceptives: Antecedent to the Use of GnRH Antagonists
- INTRODUCTION
  - GnRH Antagonist
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 10: GnRH Agonists versus Antagonists: From Physiology to Clinical Success
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
  - GnRH Antagonists
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 11: Microdose GnRH for the Stimulation of Low Responders
- INTRODUCTION
  - Methods and Results
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12: Role of GnRH Antagonists in the Management of Poor Responders
- INTRODUCTION
  - Definition of Poor Responders
  - Assessment of the Ovarian Reserve
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
  - Stimulation Protocol
  - Synthetic GnRH and its Analogs
    - Use of the GnRH Analog
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 13: Alternative Approaches to Ovarian Stimulation and Triggering of Ovulation
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- RECENT ADVANCES
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 14: Role of LH in Stimulation Protocols for ART
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 15: Role of hMG-HP in Stimulated Cycles for ART
- INTRODUCTION
  - The Rationale of Introducing Highly Purified hMG
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 16: Protocol for the Good Egg
- SUMMARY
- RATIONALE
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CASE STUDIES (WHERE APPLICABLE)
- RECENT ADVANCES
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 17: The Value of Individualized Ovarian Stimulation Protocols
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 18: Luteal Phase Support
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 19: Severe OHSS: A Critical Care Physician's Point of View
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 20: Protocols for Reducing the OHSS Risk and their Success
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
  - Strategies
  - Other Strategies
- RECENT ADVANCES IN REDUCTION OF OHSS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 21: Ovulation Induction: A Surgical Approach
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 2: POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
CHAPTER 22: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Update
- INTRODUCTION
  - Historical Background
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 23: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Genetics and Health Consequences
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
  - Genetics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
    - Familial Studies
    - Genetic Basis
  - Long-term Health Consequences and Implications of Genetics
    - Fertility Problems
    - Non-fertility Related Problems
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 3: ART PROCEDURES
CHAPTER 24: Vaginal Oocyte Retrieval
- INTRODUCTION
  - Disadvantages of Laparotomic and Laparoscopic Oocyte Retrieval
  - Ultrasound-guided Needle Aspiration
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
  - Transvaginal Oocyte Aspiration
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 25: Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
  - Indications
  - Technique
    - Laparoscopic GIFT
    - Transcervical GIFT
- RESULTS
  - Factors that may Influence the Results
  - Complications
- FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND CONTROVERSIES
CHAPTER 26: Zygote Intrafallopian Tube Transfer: Patient Selection is the Key to Beneficial Utilization
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 27: Fallopian Tube Sperm Perfusion
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 28: IVF versus ICSI: How Do You Choose?
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
  - ICSI and Embryo Development
  - Indications for ICSI
    - Male Factor Infertility
    - Non-male Infertility Reasons
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 29: Use of Lasers in ART: Clinical Applications and Potential Research Tools
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 30: Optimizing Embryo Transfer: Can We Do Better?
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 31: Single Embryo Transfer: Possibilities and Limitations
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 32: Blastocyst Transfer: One Step Further in the Quest for the Magic Bullet
- SUMMARY
- RATIONALE
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 33: Native Assessment of Sperm Ultramorphology: Clinical Application and Efficacy
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- RESULTS
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 4: LABORATORY ISSUES
CHAPTER 34: Setting up an ART Laboratory
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 35: Semen Analysis for Clinical Interpretation
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 36: Modern Evaluation of Sperm: Clinical Application of the 5th Edition WHO Manual for Processing and Examining Semen
- INTRODUCTION
  - History and Background
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 37: Fundamentals of Sperm Processing Techniques
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
  - Nature's Own Sperm Processing Clinic
  - Mimicry and Improvement
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 38: Sperm Separation Techniques: Comparison and Evaluation of Methods and Gradient Products–Then and Now
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
  - Sperm Separation Techniques
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 39: Prediction of ART Outcome in Male Factor Infertility Patients by a New Semen Quality Score
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 40: Why Should We Assess Oocyte and Embryo Morphology?
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
  - Morphology Assessment: How and When?
  - Morphology Assessment Time Lapse Imaging
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 41: Embryo Screening: Invasive versus Non-invasive
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 42: Benefits and Drawbacks of Extended Embryo Culture
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
  - History of Blastocyst Transfer
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
  - Rationale of Blastocyst Culture
- METHODS AND RESULTS
  - Complications
    - Monozygotic Twinning
  - Blastocyst Registry
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 43: Really Just how Important is the Level of Lighting in the IVF Laboratory for Embryo Development?
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 44: Improving Air Quality in an IVF Laboratory
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 45: The Mouse Embryo Bioassay: Is it the “Gold Standard” for Quality Control Testing in the IVF Laboratory?
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 46: In Vitro Oocyte Maturation
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 47: In Vitro Maturation: Future Clinical Applications
- SUMMARY
- METHODS AND TECHNIQUES
  - Patients
- RESULTS
- FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND CONTROVERSIES
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 48: Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Human Sperm: The Cleveland Clinic Story
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- RATIONALE
  - ROS and Sperm Physiology
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- FUTURE DIRECTIONS
CHAPTER 49: Quality Management in an Assisted Reproductive Therapy Environment
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 50: Quality Assurance and Risk Management in an ART Program
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 5: CONTEMPORARY THOUGHTS
CHAPTER 51: How to Improve Success Rates in IVF
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 52: Current Immunological Assays: Are they Enough to Uncover the Supposed Immune Causes for Assisted Reproduction Failure?
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 53: Endometriosis and ART
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
  - Endometriosis and Infertility
  - Endometriosis and ART
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 54: Infertility: Is there Success after Forty?
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 55: Inheritance of Infertility
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 56: Ovarian Tissue Preservation in Cancerous Patients: State of the Art
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- FUTURE ENDEAVORS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CHAPTER 57: Molecular Biology Applied to ART
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 58: Women Seeking IVF in Genital Tuberculosis: A Developing Country's Perspective
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- NEW TUBERCULOSIS RESEARCH
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 59: Assisted Reproductive Techniques in HIV Serodiscordant Couples: Practice, Prognosis and Future Prospects
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 60: Obstetric Outcomes and Congenital Abnormalities after IVF, ICSI and IVM
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 6: THIRD PARTY REPRODUCTION
CHAPTER 61: Oocyte Donation
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 62: Oocyte Sharing Programs
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- RECENT ADVANCES
  - International Egg Sharing
  - Cryopreservation
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 63: Gestational Surrogacy
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 64: Germinal Stem Cells:Culture and Replication
- INTRODUCTION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 65: Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Transfer: New Life for an Old Egg?
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 7: IMPLANTATION
CHAPTER 66: The Endometrium and Implantation
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 67: Modulators of Endometrial Receptivity: A Molecular Symphony
- SUMMARY
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 68: Endometrial Preparation for Patients Undergoing Frozen-thawed Embryo Transfer Cycles
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 69: Pathophysiology of Implantation Failure in IVF
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 70: Recent Advances in the Understanding of the Immunology of Reproductive Failure
- SUMMARY
- RATIONALE
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
  - Immune Factors
  - Management
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 71: Genital Tuberculosis in Recurrent Implantation Failure
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- NEW TUBERCULOSIS RESEARCH
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 72: Recurrent Implantation Failure: The Preferred Therapeutic Approach
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 73: The Dilemma in Investigating Repeated Pregnancy Loss
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
- KEY POINTS
CHAPTER 74: Antiphospholipid Antibodies in ART
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- RECENT ADVANCES
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 75: Future Directions in Failed Implantation in ART
- SUMMARY
- RATIONALE
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CASE STUDIES
- RECENT ADVANCES
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 8: CRYOPRESERVATION
CHAPTER 76: Cryopreservation of Oocytes and Embryos
- INTRODUCTION
  - History
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 77: Human Oocyte and Embryo Cryopreservation
- INTRODUCTION
  - Cryostorage of the Female Gamete
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- RECENT ADVANCES AND CONCLUSION
  - The Future of Oocyte and Embryo Cryopreservation
- APPENDIX 1
  - Human Egg Cryopreservation (Conventional)
    - Freeze
    - Thaw
- APPENDIX 2
  - Human Egg Cryopreservation (Vitrification)
    - Vitrification
    - Warming
- APPENDIX 3
  - Blastocyst Cryopreservation: Vitrification Shady Grove RSC Protocol
    - Vitrification
    - Warming
- APPENDIX 4
  - Blastocyst Cryopreservation: Slow-FreezeShady Grove RSC Protocol
    - Freezing
    - Thawing
CHAPTER 78: Oocyte Vitrification: Principles, Applications and Achievements
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 79: Slow-rate Freezing versus Vitrification for Oocytes and Embryos: An Evaluation of the Methodology and Outcomes
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 80: Cryopreservation of Human Spermatozoa
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 81: Cryoprotectant-free Sperm Vitrification for IVF/ICSI: A Novel Technology
- INTRODUCTION
  - Conventional Freezing and Thawing of Spermatozoa
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 82: Can We Make IVF Safer with Vitrification?
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
  - Cryopreservation Techniques
    - Vitrification
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 83: Ovarian Cortex Vitrification
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 84: Semen Cryopreservation and Sperm DNA Damage
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 9: ENDOSCOPY AND ART
CHAPTER 85: Fertility Following Laparoscopic Surgery and Hysteroscopic Surgery
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 86: The Role of Hysteroscopy in the Management of Infertility
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 87: Modern Management of the Ischemic Black-blue Twisted Adnexa
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 88: Fertiloscopy: A New Technique and an Alternative to Conventional Laparoscopy in Infertility
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 89: Uterine Cavity Evaluation by Hysteroscopy, Saline Infusion Sonohysterography and Transvaginal Sonography Prior to IVF-ICSI
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 90: Hysteroscopic Assessment of Selective Tubal Pressures and Tubal Cannulation by Air Bubble Stents
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 91: Intrauterine Adhesions
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 10: ULTRASONOGRAPHY
CHAPTER 92: Update on Ultrasound-guided Embryo Transfer
- INTRODUCTION
  - What Factors are Important for Successful ET?
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
  - Ultrasound Monitoring of Embryo Transfer
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 93: Cervical Mucus Evaluation by Transvaginal Ultrasonography: A Novel Approach
- INTRODUCTION
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
  - Phase I
  - Phase II
- RESULTS
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 11: THE MALE FACTOR
CHAPTER 94: Non-obstructive Azoospermia: Predictive Criteria for Sperm Retrieval
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
  - Parameters Considered
  - Minimizing False Negative Sperm Retrieval
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 95: Epididymal and Testicular Sperm Retrieval
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 96: Microdeletions in the Y-Chromosome and Male Infertility
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
  - Overview of Male Infertility
  - Genetic Basis of Male Infertility
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 97: Isolated Teratozoospermia
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
  - Semen Analysis: A Surrogate Measure of Male Fertility
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 98: Hormone Substitution in Male Infertility
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
SECTION 12: PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS
CHAPTER 99: Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis for ART: Why, When and How?
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
  - The History of PGD and PGS Testing of Embryos for In Vitro Fertilization
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 100: Preimplantation Genetic Screening in Assisted Reproduction Techniques
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 101: Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis in Infertile Patients of Advanced Maternal Age
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
  - Meiotic Abnormalities
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
  - Studies in Oocytes
  - Clinical Application of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis for Advanced Maternal Age
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 102: Study of the Infertile Men I: Genetic and Non-genetic Causes
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 103: Study of the Infertile Men II: Genetic Studies in Somatic Cells
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 104: Study of the Infertile Men III: Genetic Studies in Germ Cells
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 105: Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis for Single Gene Disorders
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
  - Technical Overview
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
  - Case Scenarios
- RECENT ADVANCES
  - Karyomapping
  - Next-generation Sequencing
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 106: Aneuploidy and Time-lapse
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
  - Classical Embryo Grading
  - Embryo Morphology and Aneuploidy
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 107: The Scope of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 13: IN CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 108: The Significance of Validating New IVF Technology: Think Before You Act
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 109: Patient Support in the ART Program
- INTRODUCTION
  - Stress and Infertility
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 110: Politics, Partnerships and IVF
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 111: In Vitro Fertilization Success from a Clinician's Viewpoint: How to Get it, How to Keep it
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 112: Bandwagons in IVF Revisited: Does One Size Really Fit All?
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 113: Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection for All?
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
  - Male Factor Infertility
  - Non-male Factor Infertility
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 114: Legal and Ethical Considerations in Assisted Reproductive Techniques
- SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION

INDEX

TOC
Index

Chapter Notes