Superficial Fungal Infections of the Skin Chander Grover, Archana Singal
INDEX
Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, and t refer to table.
A
Acne vulgaris 38
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 44, 83
Adamson's fringe 39
Addison's disease 83, 95, 104
Allylamines 73
Alopecia areata 42
Amorolfine 73
Angular cheilitis 84, 85, 86f
Antibacterial agent 24
Antifungals
effect 73
systemic 73t
topical 73t, 75, 104
Arthroconidia 107
Aspergillus 80
Athlete's foot 43
Atrophic candidiasis
acute 84
chronic 84, 85
Aurora borealis pattern 68f
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy 93
Autosomal dominant chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis 84, 93, 94
Azoles 73
B
Bacteria, relative abundance of 15f
Bacterial flora 5
Balanitis, candidal 84, 86
Balanoposthitis 84, 86
candidal 88f
Beau's lines 90
Bent hair 64f, 65f
multiple 71f
Black piedra 105, 107
Borrelia refringens 10
Broken hair 69f
Buccal mucosa 84
C
Cancers 17
Candida
albicans 82, 94
colonization 85
infection 82, 85
pseudohyphae 95f
Candidal infection 88
Candidiasis 82, 95
chronic
erythematous 84, 85
hyperplastic 84, 86
mucocutaneous 84, 93, 97
pseudomembranous 84, 85
clinical manifestations 83
congenital 84, 92
cutaneous 96t
development of 83b
diagnosis of 94
disseminated 84, 92
epidemiology 82
etiology 82
idiopathic chronic mucocutaneous 84, 94
pathogenesis 82
perianal 84, 88, 90f
Candidosis 82
Chloramphenicol 24, 63
Ciclopirox 73
Circoviruses 8
Clotrimazole 73, 97, 104
Corkscrew hair 67
Corticosteroids
systemic 35
topical 34, 35, 50
Coryneform organisms 6
Curved hair 66f
Cushing's syndrome 83, 95
Cutaneous candidal infections, clinical manifestations of 84b
Cycloheximide 63
D
Deep folliculitis 37
Denture stomatitis 84, 85
Deoxyribonucleic acid 17
Dermatitis
atopic 14, 42
perioral 38
seborrheic 35, 37, 42, 88, 89, 97, 101
Dermatophyte 30, 47
genera 30t
nail infection 64
scalp infection 63
septate hyphae 63f
skin infection 64
Dermatophytic infection 27, 63
severe inflammatory 49
Dermatophytic molds 42
Dermatophytosis 27, 30, 50f, 51, 75t, 76b
chronic 51
epidemiology 27
etiology 27
recalcitrant 51
recurrent 51
treatment of 74b
Dermatoscopy 25, 63, 104
Dermoscopy 25
Dhobi itch 35
Diabetes 83
mellitus 95
Diaper candidiasis 84, 90
Diaper dermatitis 92
candidal 84, 90
DiGeorge's syndrome 83
Dimethyl acetamide 23
Dimethyl formamide 23
Dimethyl sulfoxide 23
E
Eberconazole 73
Econazole 73, 104
Eczema, chronic 48
Endocrine dysfunction 97
Endocrinopathy 84, 93, 94
Endonyx onychomycosis 43, 44, 46f
Enterococcus faecalis 16
Eosinophils 92
Epidermophyton floccosum 28, 31, 36, 43
Ergosterol synthesis, inhibition of 73
Erythema
annular 35
extension of 49f
nodosum 49
Erythematous candidiasis, acute 84
Erythematous scaly plaque 49f
Erythrasma 37, 88, 89, 101
Escherichia coli 6
Esophagus 84
Exophiala werneckii 103
F
Facial
lesion 61f
tinea 56, 59f, 60f
Favus 42
Filobasidium floriforme 16
Flexural psoriasis 37, 88, 89, 97
Fluconazole 73, 75, 96, 97, 101
Follicular flora 14
Follicular inflammatory lesions 58f
Folliculitis 101
bacterial 42
decalvans 42
Folliculocentric
papules, multiple 37
pustules, multiple 37
Fungal
culture 23, 63
flora 7
infection
cutaneous 21
superficial 19, 21, 22t, 30, 43, 82, 105
invasion 72f
Fungi, filamentous 80
Fusarium 80
G
Gastrointestinal disturbance 73
Gastrointestinal tract 82
Genital candidiasis 97
Gentamicin 24
Glucocorticoids 83
Granuloma gluteale infantum 92, 92f
Granulomatous disease, chronic 83
Griseofulvin 73, 75
Grocott methenamine silver 71
H
Hair 22
casts 107
loss 60f
patchy 60f
Headache 73
Hepatitis 73
Hortaea werneckii 103
Human papilloma virus 8
Human polyomaviruses 8
Hyperkeratosis, chronic scaly 50f
Hypoadrenalism 93
Hyponychium 44
Hypoparathyroidism 83, 93
Hypothyroidism 83
I
Immunodeficiency syndrome, severe combined 83
Impetigo 42
Inflammatory lesions, pompholyx like 51f
Intertrigo
bacterial 88, 89, 97
candidal 36, 37, 84, 88, 89b, 89f, 97
Intracellular microtubules, inhibition of 73
Itraconazole 7375, 96, 101
J
Junctional nevus 104
K
Keratomycosis nigricans palmaris 98, 103
Kerion 42f, 49
Ketoconazole 73, 96, 101, 104
L
Lactophenol cotton blue mounts 25f
Langerhan's cell 31
Leukemia 83
Leukonychia
acquired 48
congenital 48
Leukoplakia 86, 96
Linear erosions over glans 87f
Luliconazole 73
Lupus erythematosus, subacute 35
Lymphocytes 92
Lymphomas 83
M
Macroconidia
character of 30
shape of 30
Macrophage function, defective 83
Majocchi's granuloma 34
Malar rash 59f
Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight 72
Merkel cell polyomavirus 8
Miconazole 73, 104
Microsporum
audouinii
var. langeronii 28
var. rivalieri 28
canis 22, 40
var. canis 29
var. distortum 29
equinum 29
ferrugineum 28
gallinae 29
gypseum 28
nanum 29
persicolor 29
praecox 28
Myalgias 92
Mycoses, cutaneous 21
Myeloperoxidase deficiency 83
N
Nail
abnormalities 80
bed, distal 44
dystrophy 91f
infections 80
lichen planus 48
plate 43, 44
dorsal surface of 44
structure 72f
psoriasis 48
psoriatic 43
Natural killer cells 93
Nausea 73
Neutropenia 92
Neutrophil function, defective 83
Nits 107
Nodules 106
Nondermatophytic molds 24, 44, 80, 81
clinical features 81
etiopathogenesis 80
infections 80
treatment 81
Nystatin 95
O
Obesity 83
Odynophagia 84
Onychocola canadensis 80
Onycholysis
distal 47f, 90
proximal jagged edge of 67f
Onychomycosis 42, 43, 84, 90, 97
candidal 48, 91f, 96
distal subungual 43, 44, 45f
lateral subungual 43, 44, 45f
proximal subungual 43, 44, 45f
superficial 43
total dystrophic 43, 47f, 93
types of 44t
Oral antifungals 101
Oral azole antifungals, maintenance doses of 102
Oral candidiasis 83, 84, 96
Oral contraceptives 83
Oral flora, normal 10
Oral ketoconazole 101
Oral pseudomembranous candidiasis 85f
Oral thrush 83, 84
Oxiconazole 73
P
Pachonychia congenita 48
Paget's disease, extramammary 88
Palmar infection 47
Parakeratosis 71
Parasites 8
Paronychia
candidal 84, 90, 97
chronic 91f
Peptides, antimicrobial 4
Perifollicular scale 64f
Periodic acid-Schiff stain 70
Pharynx 84
Piedra 105
clinical features 105
diagnosis 106
differential diagnosis of 107, 107b
epidemiology 105
etiology 105
in long hair 106f
nodules adherent to hair shaft 106f
treatment 107
Piedraia hortae 105
Pilar casts 107
Pinta 104
Pityriasis
alba 101, 103
nigra 98
rosea 35, 101
rubra pilaris 101
versicolor 35, 37, 98, 99f
clinical features 99
diagnosis 99
differential diagnosis 100, 101b
epidemiology 98
etiological agent and pathogenesis 98
prevention 101
treatment 100, 101t
Pityrosporum 7, 101
folliculitis 102f
Polymerase chain reaction 17
Porphyria 73
Porphyromonas gingivalis 10
Potassium hydroxide 22, 62, 104
Pregnancy 83
Propionibacterium
acnes 6, 14
avidum 6
Pruritus 73
Pseudomembranous candidiasis, acute 83, 85
Psoriasis 15f, 35, 42, 101
pre-existing plaques of 88
Psoriatic nails, fungal infection of 47f
Pustular tinea 55, 58f
R
Red complex 10
Rosacea 38
papulopustular stage of 38
S
Sabouraud's dextrose agar 23, 63, 107
Satellite pustules 90f
Scalp hair follicles, dermatophytic infection of 38
Scopulariopsis brevicaulis 80
Scratch sign 99
Scytalidium 80
Selenium sulfide 101, 102
Sertaconazole 73
Skin 22
dermatophyte infection of 33, 46
diseases 14
flora
factors affecting 11
in acne 14
in atopic dermatitis 14
in disease 14
in psoriasis 16
in seborrheic dermatitis 16
measurement of 17
microbial 3
role of 16, 17
lesions 61
microbiota 15f
normal flora of 3
rash 73
surface biopsy technique 9
Spaghetti and Meatballs appearance 100f
Squalene epoxidase, inhibition of 73
Staphylococcus aureus 5, 14
methicillin-resistant 7
Staphylococcus epidermidis 6
Stratum corneum, chronic infection of 98
Subungual ruin appearance 69f
Superficial white onychomycosis 44, 46f
Sycosis barbae 38
Syphilis 104
secondary 35, 101
Systemic therapy 74, 96
T
T lymphocyte function, defective 83
Tannerella forsythia 10
Taste disturbance 73
Telangiectatic vessels 71f
Temporary flora 5
Terbinafine 7375, 101, 104
Thymoma 84, 94
Tinea
barbae 31, 37, 38f, 75, 77
differential diagnosis of 38b
capitis 30, 31, 38, 75, 77
differential diagnosis of 42b
gray patch 40, 40f
inflammatory 41f
noninflammatory 40
corporis 27, 31, 32, 34f, 60f, 75, 77
annular lesions of 32f
differential diagnosis of 35b
cruris 31, 35, 36, 36f, 37, 75, 77, 89
differential diagnosis of 37b
faciei 31, 33, 33f, 55f, 75, 77
imbricata 33
incognito 35, 35f, 53
indecisiva 33
infection 67f, 101
recalcitrant 76b
manuum 31, 46, 50f
marginal scale of 69f
nigra 103, 104
clinical features 103
diagnosis 104
differential diagnosis 104
epidemiology 103
etiology and pathogenesis 103
palmaris 103, 104b
treatment 104
on legs 62f
pedis 31, 43, 45, 75, 78
chronic hyperkeratotic 48, 49f
chronic interdigital 48
clinical variants of 48t
interdigital 49f
mocassin type of 48
vesiculobullous type of 48
pseudoimbricata 54, 56f58f
steroid modified 35f
tonsurans 38
unguium 31, 42, 67f, 75, 78
differential diagnosis of 48t
versicolor 98
clinical features 99
diagnosis 99
differential diagnosis 100, 101b
epidemiology 98
etiological agent and pathogenesis 98
prevention 101
treatment 100
Tolnaftate 73
Topical therapy 95
Transient flora 5
Translucent hair, infected 70f
Treponema denticola 10
Trichomycosis nodularis 105
clinical features 105
diagnosis 106
differential diagnosis 107, 107b
epidemiology 105
etiology 105
treatment 107
Trichophyton
concentricum 28
equinum 29
gourvilii 28
megninii 28
mentagrophytes 28, 29, 52
rubrum 28, 52, 62
syndrome 61, 78, 78b
schoenleinii 28
simii 29
soudanense 28
tonsurans 28
verrucosum 29
violaceum 28
yaoundei 28
Trichosporon beigelii 105
Trichotillomania 42
Twisted hair 64f
U
Ultraviolet light 99
Urinary tract infection 7
V
Vaginal candidiasis 84, 86
Vellus hair, tinea of 59
Viral flora 8
Vitiligo 101
Vulvovaginal candidiasis 84, 86, 87f, 96
recurrent 96
Vulvovaginitis, candidal 86
W
White piedra 105, 107
nodule demonstrates hyphae 107
Wood's lamp 22, 23f, 39
examination 22, 100
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