Manual of TRANSFUSION MEDICINE
Manual of TRANSFUSION MEDICINE
Ramadas Nayak MBBS MD
Professor and Head Department of Pathology Yenepoya Medical College Yenepoya (Deemed to be University) Mangaluru, Karnataka, India Formerly Head, Department of Pathology Kasturba Medical College, Mangaluru Manipal Academy of Higher Education askdr.nayak@gmail.com Karnataka, India
Rakshatha Nayak MBBS MD DNB
Tutor Department of Pathology Yenepoya Medical College Yenepoya (Deemed to be University) Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
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Manual of Transfusion Medicine
First Edition: 2020
9789388958608
Printed at
Students who inspired us,
Patients who provided the knowledge,
Our parents and family members, who encouraged and supported us.
Ramadas Nayak
Rakshatha Nayak
- Dr Aravind P (MD Pathology), Associate Professor, Department of Pathology and Incharge Blood Bank Officer, AJ Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India.
- Mr PR Gopalkrishna [BSc (MLT), MSc (MLT)], Quality and Technical Manager, AJ Blood Bank and AJ Hospital and Research Centre, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India.
- Mr Srinivas Shetty, Venus Diagnostics, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India.
- Ms Suparna Laha (PhD), Faculty, Molecular Biology Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India.
The laboratory discipline of transfusion medicine (also known as immunohematology or blood banking) is the most fascinating and challenging field in clinical laboratory medicine. All postgraduates in Pathology as well as laboratory technicians involved in blood banking should know the basic knowledge of transfusion medicine. The terms Blood Center/Bank (Banking) and Transfusion Medicine are often used interchangeably, and with the present amendment the term blood bank is replaced by Blood Center. The term Blood Center (Bank) refers to a blood collection and processing center whereas completion of the associated tasks is known as Blood Banking. Transfusion service is the laboratory area responsible for pretransfusion testing and blood product distribution (usually located in the hospital).
It intends to provide basic concepts of transfusion medicine required to be known by postgraduate students of medical laboratory technology and laboratory professionals and other health care professionals. There have been exciting advances in transfusion medicine and this book provides knowledge in a simple, lucid and reproducible format. It is accompanied by many illustrative figures, photographs, tables and boxes. It includes updates on the field of blood banking.
Organization and Features of the Book
The content of this book is organized into 25 chapters, beginning with basic immunology related to blood group serology and interactions between antigens and antibodies. The successive chapters cover the most common blood groups, pretransfusion testing protocols, transfusion reactions, blood components, apheresis (one of the fastest growing and most promising methods of blood collection and component harvesting), hemolytic disease of the newborn, hemovigilance, quality assurance and regulatory issues. The book is written at a level adaptable for multiple categories of students. The important features of this book are:
- Each chapter begins with chapter outlines listing the important elements in the chapter
- Presented in a clear and concise manner and text in bullet form for easy review and recollection
- Written in a manner that is readable, interesting, and easily understood by students
- Key points are provided in bold words so that it will help the students to just brush through the entire book within few hours before the examination or viva voce
- Tables, illustrations, figures and boxes are incorporated into the chapters as appropriate to make it easier to understand the contents
- Summary of chapter for an overview of the chapter's important points
- Self-assessment exercises at the end of each chapter provide the questions frequently asked in the qualifying examinations
- Color plates have been added for better understanding.
Our sincere thanks to all our family members, especially Smt Rekha Nayak, Ms Rashmitha Nayak, Mr Ramnath Kini and Mr Ramnath Nayak, who have patiently accepted our long preoccupation with this work. A special thanks to Master Rishab Kini, who kept us agile throughout the preparation of this book.
We wish to express our gratitude to Mr Yenepoya Abdulla Kunhi, Honorable Chancellor, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University—Accredited by NAAC with “A” grade), Mangaluru, Karnataka, India, for giving us an opportunity to serve this prestigious institution. We are indebted to Mr Farhaad Yenepoya, Pro-Chancellor, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), for the inspiration and encouragement. We are grateful to Dr M Vijaya Kumar (Vice-Chancellor) and Dr Ganghadhar Somayaji KS (Registrar), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), for the encouragement.
We are thankful to all our friends who contributed fantastic images for this book. Our sincere thanks to Dr Aravind P (MD Pathology), Associate Professor, Department of Pathology and Incharge Blood Bank Officer, AJ Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangaluru; Mr PR Gopalkrishna [BSc (MLT), MSc (MLT)], Quality and Technical Manager, AJ Blood Bank and AJ Hospital and Research Centre, Mangaluru; Dr Sharada Rai (Professor and Head), Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College (Mangaluru), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Manipal); Dr Shamee Shastry, Professor and Head, Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Kasturba Medical College (a constituent of Manipal Academy of Higher Education) Manipal, Karnataka; Dr Chandrika Rao, Associate Professor and Incharge Blood Bank, Department of Pathology, KS Hegde Medical Academy (a constituent of Nitte Deemed to be University); Dr Karthick and Dr Vishnupriya, Tamil Nadu.
We would like to express our gratitude to all our friends, colleagues, undergraduate and postgraduate students (Department of Pathology, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangaluru) who helped us in the different stages of preparing the manuscript; to all those who provided support, talked things over, read, offered comments and assisted in the editing, proofreading and design.
A special thanks to Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Manading Director), and Mr MS Mani (Group President) of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, for publishing the book in the same format as wanted, well in time. We are grateful to Shri Jitendar P Vij for unmasking our talent as authors.
We would like to offer a huge appreciation to the wonderful work done by Dr Madhu Choudhary (Publishing Head–Education), Ms Pooja Bhandari (Production Head), Ms Sunita Katla (Executive Assistant to Group Chairman and Publishing Manager), Dr Priyanka Kumari (Development Editor), Ms Samina Khan (Executive Assistant to Publishing Head–Education), Mr Rajesh Sharma (Production Coordinator), Ms Seema Dogra (Cover Visualizer), Ms Neelam (Proofreader), Mr Rajesh Gurkundi (Graphic Designer), and Mr Om Prakesh (Typesetter) of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India.
We thank Mr Venugopal V (Bengaluru) and Mr Vasudev H (Mangaluru) of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd for taking this book to every corner of Karnataka.
Last but definitely not least, a thank you to our undergraduate and postgraduate students, without you, we would not write. You make all our books possible.
This book would not be possible without all of the people mentioned above and we are indebted to them for their friendship, support and assistance. There are many more people we could thank, but space and modesty compel us to stop here.