KNEE ARTHROSCOPY A Case Repository
KNEE ARTHROSCOPY A Case Repository
Editors
Sachin Tapasvi MBBS MS (Ortho) DNB FRCS (Glasgow)
Chief Consultant The Orthopaedic Speciality Clinic Pune, Maharashtra, India
Anshu Shekhar MBBS MS (Ortho)
Associate Consultant The Orthopaedic Speciality Clinic
Pune, Maharashtra, India
Forewords
Andy Williams
Frank Noyes
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
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Knee Arthroscopy: A Case Repository
First Edition : 2019
9789389034684
Printed at
Tapasvi Charitable and Medical Centre is a trust, which primarily works for the enhancement of education along with other charitable activities. One such activity conducted under the aegis of this trust is India's premier educational course, the Pune Knee Course.
CONTRIBUTORS
EDITORS
- Sachin Tapasvi MBBS MS (Ortho) DNB FRCS (Glasgow)
- Chief Consultant
- The Orthopaedic Speciality Clinic
- Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Anshu Shekhar MBBS MS (Ortho)
- Associate Consultant
- The Orthopaedic Speciality Clinic
- Pune, Maharashtra, India
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS
- Andres Felipe Cobaleda Aristizabal MD
- Hospital Ángeles Metropolitano
- Mexico city, Mexico
- Anil Ranawat MD
- Hospital for Special Surgery
- New York
- Antonio Klasan MD PhD
- Sydney Orthopaedic Research Institute
- Sydney, Australia
- Arumugam Sivaraman MS (Ortho) AB (Int Med) FRCS (Glasg)
- Professor and HOD
- Department of Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Ashok Shyam MS
- Department of Orthopaedics
- Sancheti Institute for Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation
- Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Bancha Chernchujit MD
- Associate Professor
- Department of Orthopaedics
- Faculty of Medicine
- Thammasat University, Thailand
- Benjamin B Rothrauff MD PhD
- Postdoctoral Research Associate
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Bertrand Sonnery-Cottet MD
- Centre Orthopédique Santy
- FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence
- Groupe Ramsay–Générale de Santé
- Lyon, France
- Bradley Nelson MD
- University of Minnesota Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- TRIA Orthopedic Center
- Minnesota, USA
- Caroline Mouton PhD
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg
- Clinique d'Eich, Luxembourg
- Christian Fink MD
- Gelenkpunkt–Sports and Joint Surgery
- Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Unit for Orthopedic Sports
- Medicine and Injury Prevention, UMIT
- Hall, Austria
- Christian Hoser MD
- Gelenkpunkt–Sports and Joint Surgery
- Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Unit for Orthopedic Sports
- Medicine and Injury Prevention, UMIT
- Hall, Austria
- Corey Babcock MD
- University of Minnesota Medical School
- Minnesota, USA
- Daniel Pérez-Prieto MD PhD
- Hospital del Mar
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- Spain
- Davide Cucchi MD
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery
- Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany
- Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health
- University of Milan, Italy
- David Parker BMedSci MBBS FRACS FAOrthA
- Sydney Orthopaedic Research Institute
- Chatswood Sydney, NSW, Australia
- North Shore Knee Clinic
- Sydney, Australia
- Deepak Goyal MBBS MS (Orth) DNB (Orth) MNAMS
- Saumya Arthroscopy and Sports Knee Clinic
- Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Dhong Won Lee MD
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Knee Center, Sports Medical Center
- KonKuk University Medical Center
- Neungdong-Ro (Hwayang-Dong)
- Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Korea
- Dinshaw Pardiwala MS (Orth) DNB (Orth) FCPS
- Head
- Centre for Sports Medicine
- Director
- Arthroscopy Service
- Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Drew Crapser MD MHSc
- Fellow
- Cincinnati Sports Medicine and Orthopaedic Center
- Ohio, USA
- Elisabeth Abermann MD
- Tauernklinikum Zell am See
- Mittersill, Austria
- Erica Swartwout BA
- Hospital for Special Surgery
- New York
- F Alan Barber MD FACS
- Plano Orthopedic and Sports
- Medicine Center
- Plano, Texas
- Feng Hua MD
- Sports Medicine Service, Beijing Jishuitan
- Hospital, Beijing, China
- Frank Noyes MD
- President and CEO, Cincinnati
- SportsMedicine and Orthopaedic Center
- President, Noyes Knee Institute
- Professor Emeritus
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- University of Cincinnati
- Cincinnati, Ohio
- Freddie H Fu MD DSc (Hon) DPs (Hon)
- Distinguished Service Professor and Chairman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Gregory S DiFelice MD
- Hospital for Special Surgery
- New York
- Hayden Morris MB BS Dip Anat FRACS FAOrthA
- University of Melbourne
- Melbourne, Australia
- James R Robinson MBBS MRCS FRCS (Tr & Orth) MS
- Avon Orthopaedic Centre
- Bristol, UK
- Jeffrey Macalena MD
- University of Minnesota Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Minnesota, USA
- Jin Goo Kim MD PhD
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Knee Center, Sports Medical Center
- KonKuk University Medical Center
- Neungdong-Ro (Hwayang-Dong)
- Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Korea
- Joan C Monllau MD PhD
- Hospital del Mar
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- Spain
- Joseph B Joseph MS Ortho DNB Ortho
- FNB trainee in Sports Medicine
- Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals
- Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Julian A Feller MBBS (Hons) FRACS
- Adjunct Professor
- College of Science
- Health and Engineering
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne, Australia
- Justin Arner MD
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
- Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA
- Jérémie Dor MD
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg
- Clinique d'Eich, Luxembourg
- Kiran KV Acharya MBBS MS Orthopaedics
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education
- Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Marc Tompkins MD
- University of Minnesota Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- TRIA Orthopedic Center
- Minnesota, USA
- Mirco Herbort MD
- OCM - Orthopedic Surgery Center
- Munich, Germany
- Nicholas J Vaudreuil MD
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
- Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA
- Parag Sancheti FRCS (Ed) MS (Orth) DNB (Orth) MCh (UK)
- Professor and Chairman
- Sancheti Institute for Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation
- Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Pradeep Mandapalli MS (Orth)
- Clinical Assistant
- Centre for Sports Medicine
- Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Prakash Ayyadurai MS (Ortho)
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Prashant Parate MBBS D Ortho DNB Ortho
- Shoulder and Knee Specialist
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences
- Sevagram, Maharashtra, India
- Robert J O'Brien MHS PA-C
- Hospital for Special Surgery
- New York
- Romain Seil MD PhD
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg
- Clinique d'Eich, Luxembourg
- Sports Medicine Research Laboratory
- Luxembourg Institute of Health
- Luxembourg
- Ryan T Li MD
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- University of Pittsburgh
- Medical Center
- Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA
- Sandesh Madi MBBS MS Orthopaedics
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education
- Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Sanjay Soni MS (Orth)
- Clinical Associate
- Centre for Sports Medicine
- Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Sean J Meredith MD
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- University of Pittsburgh
- Medical Center University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Simone Perelli MD
- Hospital Universitari Dexeus
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- Spain
- S Rajasekaran MS Ortho FRCS PhD
- Head
- Department of Orthopaedics and Spine Surgery
- Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals
- Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- SR Sundararajan MS Ortho
- Head
- Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine
- Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals
- Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Stephanie Swenson MD
- Hospital for Special Surgery
- New York
- Sunny Gugale MBBS DNB (Orth)
- Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon
- Department of Arthroscopy and Arthroplasty
- Sancheti Institute for Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation
- Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Suresh Perumal MS (Ortho)
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Takeshi Oshima MD PhD
- Sydney Orthopaedic Research Institute
- Sydney, Australia
- Thais Dutra Vieira MD
- Centre Orthopédique Santy
- FIFA Medical Center of Excellence
- Groupe Ramsay–Générale de Santé
- Lyon, France
- Vikram Kandhari MS DNB
- Centre Orthopédique Santy
- FIFA Medical Center of Excellence
- Groupe Ramsay–Générale de Santé
- Lyon, France
- Vivek Pandey MBBS MS Orthopaedics
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education
- Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Volker Musahl MD
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
- Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA
- Yue Li MD
- Sports Medicine Service
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital
- Beijing, China
I am delighted to have been invited to write the foreword for what promises to be a very successful book, and indeed, perhaps a series of books.
I know the editors well and they are to be congratulated firstly for their concept of bringing together a series of very practical teaching cases and, secondly, for assembling some of the world's most notable arthroscopic knee surgeons.
There are multiple ways of learning but often, if I read a paper in a scientific journal, or even listen to a lecture given by a notable speaker, I am left with a feeling: ‘what do they actually do in real life?’. The fine details, tips and pearls are often not covered in such presentation of information. With case-based teaching, such as in this book, these invaluable technical aspects are not overlooked.
I am greatly looking forward to reading the final text.
Andy Williams
Fortius Clinic
London, UK
FOREWORD
The treatment of knee disorders spans multiple patient decades, from youth to middle-aged to elderly, which challenges orthopedic surgeons to be competent in multiple disciplines to enable expert clinical decisions in both nonoperative and operative treatment programs. In addition, there exists the entire spectrum of advanced arthroscopic and open surgical skills to be mastered. With the extensive volume of literature published in both print and online journals, I personally am challenged by limited peer-review and premature treatment recommendations. This is a warning to the clinician to be aware of adopting decisions and techniques that are new and novel that are not time-tested and proven with statistically significant clinical outcomes.
It is accordingly refreshing to examine the goals of the present textbook and the approach taken by Dr Sachin Tapasvi and Dr Anshu Shekhar, which is to provide the “Master Clinicians” of these chapters the opportunity to share their thoughts and decision-making into specific clinical treatment controversies. This approach provides valuable insight into the experience of these surgeons for the treatment approaches that are outlined. I recommend closely examining each chapter and determining (1) why the author selected the treatment outlined, (2) the scientific body of evidence to justify the approach, and (3) the clinical outcomes. I personally enjoyed the opportunity to “peek into the minds” of seasoned and respected clinicians regarding their thinking and reasons for the treatment approaches provided.
The chapters in this book reflect common knee disorders that will present to the clinician in which the diagnosis and treatment must be accurate, precise, and based on the best available scientific evidence including basic science, biomechanics, and biology of healing. In addition, the chapters include the enormous skill sets with advancing sophistication of arthroscopic surgery. There are multiple presentations on the treatment of meniscus injuries that emphasize the importance of retaining meniscus function and repair of the many different meniscus tear patterns. The saying is true; “as the meniscus goes, so goes the knee”. The surgeon must have the knowledge base and operative skill set to manage the complex malalignment problems that occur that may be devasting to knee function. For example, varus malalignment problems are now commonly recognized and treated by osteotomy. However, the equally important valgus malalignment in the female that produces early lateral tibiofemoral compartment arthrosis and patellofemoral arthrosis, is still often not recognized until the patient presents late in their third or fourth decade with advanced arthrosis of both knee compartments. The chapters on ACL injuries contain all the many aspects of the treatment approaches and current controversies, including ACL graft selection and placement, and questions on the necessity for added extra-articular lateral reconstructive procedures. This controversy has been a subject of multiple publications from our Knee Institute in Cincinnati, Ohio.
One final point is that I have always been so grateful to physical therapists and athletic trainers who provide expert care in rehabilitation before and after complex knee surgery that represents a critical part of the treatment team needed for the success of the operating knee surgeon. These highly skilled and trained professionals follow objective rehabilitation protocols for the return of knee function and advance the patient through progressive rehabilitation phases for the safe return to activities of daily living, recreational, or elite sports activities. A point needing emphasis is the published high reinjury rate after ACL surgery of 20–30% to either the surgical or opposite knee, which is may be markedly reduced with following objective criteria of muscle strength, balance and neuromuscular training. This is really important for all athletes and even more so for the female elite athlete. Over 20 years ago, we developed a neuromuscular return to activity training program involving strength, plyometrics, agility, and other return to athletics performance tasks called Sportsmetrics which is a non-profit treatment program sponsored by our Foundation and in practice throughout the USA and world.
The treatment of knee disorders, both nonoperative and operative, is truly a team approach of many experts in all disciplines. The athlete may have serious issues related to a fear of reinjury and the long course it takes to recover from the knee injury. We must continue our approach as that of Shepherds and Stewards to guide the athlete through the required steps and interaction with our team to accomplish the goals of our patients. It is our obligation and commitment to provide the very best to our patients, maintaining our knowledge base at the highest level, scientifically evaluate treatment advances regarding our treatment approaches, and set the standards of excellence for all team members. It has been my joy and passion to treat my patients with a highly dedicated team of experts from multiple required disciplines for over four decades. I sincerely wish all of my fellow orthopedic surgeons the encouragement and success in establishing their own team. The knee injuries and disorders we treat in our patients may truly be life and career altering. As orthopedic surgeons, there is the wonderful opportunity and gift to give to our patients that takes many years of training to master. The success of our treatment approaches and surgery and the gratitude of our patients is more than ample reward that makes every day our dedication explainable and justified.
Frank Noyes MD
President and CEO Cincinnati SportsMedicine and Orthopaedic Center
President, Noyes Knee Institute
Professor Emeritus, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati
Mercy Health Physicians
PREFACE
“To study the phenomenon of disease without books is to sail uncharted sea, while to study books without patients is not go to the sea at all.”
— Sir William Osler
The science and practice of knee arthroscopy has evolved to such an extent over the past decade so as to become a full-fledged subspecialty in itself. This tremendous breakthrough has been made possible with meticulous research in biomechanics, surgical technique and patient reported outcomes data. However, there is still a dearth of high-quality evidence for most issues and aspects of knee arthroscopy.
A novel education tool is to teach and learn from personal experience and practice, which is molded and modified with time. This book is a humble attempt to compile and amalgamate the clinical experience and execution of some of the masters of knee arthroscopy. The representative case presentations are designed to provide maximum yield to the busy reader of today, without diluting the scientific value. We have taken utmost care to compile every possible scenario involving the ACL, meniscus and cartilage and malalignment that is seen in the clinic. The planning and execution of such cases are in most cases devoid of a consensus, and therein lies the value of experience in judgment. It is a great honor for us to have some great teachers and clinicians, who have contributed to this book and allowed us a peek into their great minds. The section of current evidence is to update the reader about what is the flavor of the season and present state of affairs. With more than 500 illustrations, we hope the power of visual application will be worth a thousand words!
We would like to stress that this book is by no means a technical guide or a theoretical treatise, because there can be no shortcuts in learning and perfecting skills. However, this crisp presentation is meant to stimulate the thinker in the clinician to explore the possibilities of science, instead of being driven by the dogma of perception.
Sachin Tapasvi
Anshu Shekhar
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This book is the culmination of the time and efforts of several stalwarts of knee arthroscopy. What started as an idea, has resulted in this amalgamation of knowledge and information because of the selfless participation of all the authors. We wish to extend our heartfelt gratitude to all the authors, who took time off their busy schedules to contribute to our endeavor.
A special note of thanks to Professor Frank Noyes and Dr Andy Williams, who have written Forewords for the book. Their words of appreciation and encouragement drive us to keep improving in our efforts toward achieving excellence.
We would like to thank Tapasvi Charitable and Medical Center, Pune for providing us the financial grants to undertake this project.
The teamwork from all our colleagues, especially Dr Rajendra Kulkarni, Mrs Asawari Bhende and Mr Amit Ligade was vital. This allowed us to continue with our regular work schedule while working for the book simultaneously.
Lastly, the team at Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd has worked tirelessly for making this dream a reality. The efforts of Sabarish Menon and Nikita Chauhan are definitely worth applauding.
Finally, to all you readers, who felt that this book was worth reading!