A
Abdominal closure techniques, temporary 152
Abdominal Compartment Society Consensus Management Statements Recommendations 152
Abdominal trauma, penetrating 306
Abdominal wall compliance 149
Acoustic energy 268
Acoustic impedance 265
Activated clotting time 242
Activated partial thromboplastin time 246
Acute cor pulmonale 273
Acute illness, phase of 201
Acute pulmonary embolus 273
Adequate initial fluid resuscitation 212
Adrenaline 215
Adrenomedullin 131
Advanced trauma life support 297
Airway procedures, hostile environment for 326
Akinesia 285
Aluminum phosphide toxicity 170
Alveolar proteinosis 250
American College of Cardiology Foundation 127
American College of Chest Physicians 158
American College of Surgeons Advanced Trauma Life Support 210
American Society of Echocardiography 285
Amplitude modulation 74
Anaerobic CO2 production 120
Anemia, severe 124
Angina 291
Angiopoietin 132
Anomalous pulmonary venous return 192
Anteflexion 293f
Antibiotic stewardship 204
Antithrombotic therapy 158t
Aortic aneurysm 235
Aortic injury 291
Aortic pressure 231
Aortic prosthesis 76
Apixaban 158
Apnea 311
Arterial blood gas 171
Arterial signal 95
Arterial system 13
Arterial wall, stiffness of 86
Arterial waveform analysis 97
Arterioles 142
Artery 342
Atelectasis 311
Atrial fibrillation 291
Atrial septal defect 245
Augmentation index 16
Australasian resuscitation in sepsis evaluation 118
Autoimmune diseases 156
Autonomic nervous system 14f
B
Barcode sign 314f
Basilar artery 137f
Bat sign 311f
Beats, types of 15f
Bedside limited echocardiography 327
Bernstein equation 77
Beta blockers 170
Bilateral lower extremity edema 191
Biochemical parameters 317
Bioimpedance 73
Bioreactance cardiac output measurement 73
Bioreactance systems 74
Biventricular function 273
Bladder pressure, measurement of 150f
Bland-Altman analysis 92
Blood
cells 102
concentration of 98
conductivity of 102
diseases 156
lactate measurement 117
pressure 11
changes 238f
components of 12
different components of 12f
measurement 3
normal 11
transfusion 228
monitoring function of 131
volume 76
amount of 101
central 98
Blunt abdominal trauma 306
Body buffer systems 123
Body mass index 149
Body surface area 54
Bone 264
Bradyarrhythmias 170
Brain, circulation of 136
Breath, shortness of 191
Bronchospasm 291
C
Calibrated pulse contour analysis 58
Cancer 124
Capillary endothelial barrier function 203
Capillary perfusion 228
Cardiac anesthesiologists 290
Cardiac biomarkers 185
Cardiac competence, restoration of 202
Cardiac dysfunction, primary 224
Cardiac echocardiography 271
Cardiac evaluation 327
Cardiac life support, advanced 326
Cardiac myosin activators 224
Cardiac output 14f, 34, 43, 54, 65, 69, 73, 78, 79, 83, 85, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 97, 99, 104, 119, 120, 149
calculation 322
technology for 98
Cardiac resynchronization 188
Cardiac upstroke 91
Cardiac windows 278f
Cardio-abdominal-renal syndrome 211
Cardiocirculatory system 91
Cardiopulmonary arrest 317
Cardiovascular collapse, sudden 191
Cellular hypoxia 115
Cellular oxygen, failure of 271
Cellular utilization, failure of 271
Central catheter, peripherally inserted 339
Central nervous system 211
Central venous catheter 99
Central venous oximetry 118
Central venous pressure 4, 18, 20, 26, 27, 28f, 29, 32, 36, 40, 54, 59f, 90, 172, 192, 203, 208, 245, 272, 318, 319, 319t
monitoring of 52
physiology of 18
Central venous tracing, normal 19f
Cerebrovascular accident, risk of 203
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension 194
Circle of Willis 137f
Circulation, complex view of 27fc
Circulatory shock 69
Circumferential pericardial effusion 304f
Cirrhosis 149
Cold peripheries 88
Colonic pseudo-obstruction 149
Comet tail artifact 267f
Conservative late fluid management 212
Contrast echocardiography 341
Conventional ventilation, refractory to 250
Convert electrical energy 265
Coronary perfusion pressure 173
Coronary reperfusion 172
Counterpulsation, principles of 232
Coupling system 6
Cricothyroid membrane, identification of 326
Cumulative fluid balance 202
Curvilinear low-frequency probe 310f
Curvilinear transducer 298f
Cutaneous circulation 135
Cyanide poisoning 164
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate 226
Cytotoxic shock 271
D
Dabigatran 158
Daily fluid balance 202
Damage control laparotomy 149
D-dimer 131
cause of 155
diagnosis 156
incidence and risk factors 156
prophylaxis and treatment 157
risk factors for 156t
signs of 191
Dextran solutions 206
Diaphragm, identification of 298
Diastolic augmentation 237f
diagnosis of 182
management of 187
new guidelines 185
pathophysiology 181
practical application of 186
progressive 183
Diastolic function, normal 183
Dicrotic limb 16
Dicrotic notch 91
Differential transit time ultrasound technology 97
D-lactate 124
Downstream arterial vessels 91
Dynamic needle tip positioning 335
Dyssynchronous motion 323
E
Early goal directed therapy 117
assessment 245
basic cardiac anatomy for 276
cardiopulmonary resuscitation 325
guided resuscitation 317
advantages of 326
limitations of 326
utility of 271
Echo-guided life support 327
Echo-guided needle aspiration 288
Edoxaban 158
Elevated intravascular volume, signs of 170
Emergency airway management 326
End organ hypoperfusion 169
End-diastolic pressure 18
End-diastolic volume 14f
End-inspiratory occlusion 42
Endocardial viability ratio 232
Endocarditis 291
Endocrine disorders 170
End-organ damage 211t
Endothelial dysfunction 325
Endothelial glycocalyx 131
End-stage renal disease 205
Enlarged tender liver 191
Enzyme lactate dehydrogenase 122
Epigastric discomfort 191
Extra-alveolar vessel collapse 195
Extracorporeal cardiovascular support 249
F
Fascial closure, abdominal 152
Fast flush test 9f
Fat 264
Femoral arteries 13
Femoral vein 343f
Fibrinolytic therapy 172
Fick's partial rebreathing method, differential 69
Fluid accumulation 202
Fluid and catheters treatment trial 55
Fluid balance 202
Fluid bolus 202
Fluid management 62
Fluid resuscitation, phases of 204
Fluid status 101
Fluid stewardship 213
Focal fat 268
Focused rapid echocardiographic examination 327
Food and Drug Administration 205
Four air bubbles 267
Four skin sensor, total of 102
Fourier series 5f
Fraunhofer zone 266f
Free fluid collection 302f
Fresnel zone 266f
Functional hemodynamic monitoring 17
Functional residual capacity 149f
G
Galectin 130
Gallop rhythm 191
Gas leak 238
Gastrointestinal endoscopy, upper 138
Gastrointestinal system 211
Gastroschisis 148
Global ejection fraction 59
Global longitudinal peak strain 323
Glomerular filtration rate 211
Glucocorticoids 167
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 124
Glycolysis 122f
Glycosides, cardiac 224
Goal-directed fluid management 208
Goal-directed therapy 228
Graft failure, primary 251
Gravidarum 124
Green light emitting diodes 144
H
Hand-held vital microscopes 145
Hartmann's solution 207
Head and neck surgery 71
anatomy of 277f
and blood vessels 290
apex of 278f
chambers 75
complex congenital 290
compression 175
disease 131
congenital 291
failing 231
acute decompensated 227
advanced 124
biomarkers in 128t
congenital 291
risk stratification of 129
therapy 129
function
assessment of right-sided 276
monitoring 127
determinants of 27
physiology of 27
transplantation 173
valve 267
Helium gas 231
Hemodialysis 98
Hemodynamic assessment 291
Hemodynamic data, acquisition of 10
Hemodynamic instability 318
Hemolysis 247
Hemorrhagic shock 164
Hemothorax 300f
Hepatic injury, congestive 171
Hepatic system 211
Hepatosplenomegaly 191
Heterogeneous perfusion 114
High sampling rate 267
Higher frequency linear transducer probes 332
High-sensitivity troponin 130
Human albumin 206
Hydroxocobalamin 167
Hydroxyethyl starch 204
Hypercapnia 194
Hyperchloremia, risk of 206
Hyperthyroidism 192
Hypertrophy, cardiac 217
Hypervolemia 202
Hypoadrenalism, acute 274
Hypokinesia 285
Hypopharynx 292
Hypotension 255
causes of 97
context of predicting 255
prediction models 255
problem 255
prolonged 256
risk of 210
warning of impending 258
Hypothyroidism, severe 170
Hypoventilation state 192
Hypoxia, severe 124
Hypoxic lactic acidosis 164
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction 195
I
Iliac arteries 13
Impella 243
Incoherent resuscitation, classification of 115t
Indocyanine plasma disappearance rate 140
Indocyanine retention rate 140
Infection 247
Infectious Diseases Society of America 340
Infective endocarditis, diagnosis of 291
Injury, acute ischemic 171
Inotropic agents 201
Inspiratory fall, absence of 32
Integrated hemodynamic management plan 320t
Intermittent positive pressure ventilation 203
Internal carotid artery 137f
Internal counter pulsation, type of 231
Internal mammary artery 289
International surviving sepsis campaign 118
Interstitial edema 345f
Interventricular septal motion 286f
Intra-abdominal contents 149
Intra-abdominal infection 149
Intra-abdominal tumors 149
Intra-alveolar vessels 30
Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation system 231
blood pressure waveform, triggering of 234f
catheter 232t
evidence for 234
normal 233f
removal of 236
support, weaning from 236
therapy, hemodynamic consequences of 234
use, indications of 234
waveforms, abnormal 236
Intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate 194
Intragastric pressure, measuring 150
Intraluminal pressure 318
Intrathoracic blood volume 73
Intrathoracic thermal volume 61
Intrathoracic volume, assessment of 60f
Intravascular water 212
Intravenous fluids 171
Intrinsic hepatic function 139
Invasive arterial pressure 172
Invasive pressure measurements 5f
Ischemia, acute myocardial 273
Isolated diastolic dysfunction 186
L
Laryngospasm 291
Laser Doppler images 111f
Late conservative fluid management 209
Lateral wall puncture 334
Left main bronchus 233
assessment for 244
postoperative care of 246
contraction 11
diastolic dysfunction 186
grading of 185t
ejection fraction 273
end-diastolic area 286f
advantages 321
evidence 321
interpretation of measurement 321
limitations 321
physiology 321
techniques of measurement 321
failure 231
function, assessment of 285
outflow tract 170
calculation of 284f
measurement of 322f
obstruction 273
velocity time integral 320
preload 320
stroke work index 54
systolic function 273
estimation of 59
Limon probe 140f
Linear high-frequency probe 310f
Lithium dilution 97
Livanova 243
Low albumin 211
Low minute ventilation 71
Low protein levels 211
M
Macrocirculation 115
Macrohemodynamic parameters 145
Main pulmonary artery, enlargement of 192
Massive hemoptysis 251
Massive transfusion 149
Mean arterial
blood pressure 12
Mean transit time 60f
Mechanical vibration 263
Methylene blue 167
Microcirculatory flow index 144
Microcirculatory impairment, adequacy of 135
Microcirculatory technology, advance of 143
Microconvex probe 337f
Microvascular flow index 115
Mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin 131
Mid-regional proatrial natriuretic peptide 131
Mitral annulus dimensions 245
Mitral leaflet, anterior 274
Mixed venous oximetry 119
Mobile console 231
Modern ultrasonography machines 323
Monitoring system, components of 5f
Mottling score 111
Multiple biomarkers 127
Multiple sinusoids 5f
Muscle 264
Myocardial injury 256
Myocardial ischemia 273
Myocardial oxygen supply 236
Myocardial perfusion 194
Myocardial wall thickness 76
Myocarditis 244
Myocardium, action on 224
N
Nasogastric tube 150
Neostigmine 152
Neurogenic shock 274
Neurological complications 252
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 122
Non-calibrated techniques 66
Noninvasive dynamic index 324
Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction 234
Noradrenaline 216
Nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors 124
O
Obesity 149
category of 273
epidemiology 175
hemodynamic management of 175
imaging 176
management 176
pathophysiology 175
presentation 176
rule out 315
Oliguria 112
Omecamtiv mecarbil 226
Omphalocele 148
Ophthalmic artery 137f
Optimizing organ perfusion 135
Oral preparations 194
Organ perfusion, optimization of 141
Organomegaly 191
Outflow obstruction 170
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest scenario 172
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 306
Oxygen
consumption 119
delivery
failure of 271
reduced 124
transport 143
functional shunting of 143
parameters 54t
warning sign of 120
Oxygenation, extracorporeal 249
P
Pacemaker placement 291
Palliative care 173
Pancreatitis, acute 149
Paradoxically cardiac output 271
Parasternal apical short-axis view 281
Parietal pericardium 303
Peak aortic blood flow 101
Peak systolic pressure 15
Pediatric population 105
Pediatric-specific consensus 148
Pelvic fracture 306
Percutaneous drainage 152
Percutaneous tracheostomy 345
Percutaneous ventricular assist device 243
Perfusion status, monitoring 132
Pericardiai tamponade 304f
Pericardial pressure 25
Pericardium 327
Peripheral artery 90
Peripheral circulation 12
Peripheral pulse-oximetry 86
Peripheral tissues 26
Peripheral vascular disease, severe 235
Peripheral vessel resistance 91
Perisplenic collection 306
Peristaltic-like motion 195
Peritonitis 149
Pheochromocytoma 124
Phillip-Marik curves 202
Phlebostatic point 4f
Physiological aspects, understanding 31
Piezoelectric crystals 265
Plasmalyte 206
Plateau duration 238f
Plateau leading, loss of 238f
Plethysmographic waveform 37
Plethysmography 73
Pleura 327
Pleural syndrome 314
Pleurectomy 311
Pleurisy 311
Pleurodesis 311
Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia 170
Poor electrode skin contact 105
Poor lymphatic drainage 211
Post-cannulation ultrasonography 341
Postcardiac surgery 244
Post-cardiothoracic surgery 192
Postcardiotomy shock 251
Posterior wall injury 346f
Postpartum cardiomyopathy 244
Postpneumonectomy 53
Pouch of Douglas 300
Predict fluid responsiveness 36
Pre-ejection period 86
Pregnancy 306
Pressure curve, systolic portion of 91f
Pressure pulmonary edema, negative 31
Pressure ulcer 211
Pressure volume loops 191f
Pressure wave, systolic portion of 91
Probe manipulation 276
Procalcitonin 131
Prone ventilation, refractory to 250
Prostacyclin derivatives 194
Prosthetic valves 291
Protek Solo transseptal cannula in situ 244f
Pseudonormal pattern 183f
Pulmonary acceleration time 273
Pulmonary endarterectomy 195
Pulmonary hemorrhage 251
Pulmonary interstitium 23
Pulmonary trauma 251
Pulmonary trunk 273
Pulmonary venous pressure 53
Pulmonary vessels 224
Pulse dye densitometry 97
Pulse oximeter 42
Pulseless electrical activity 164
Pulses paradoxus 31
Pumpless lung assist devices 195
R
Raised jugular venous pressure 191
Randomized controlled trial 205
Reflectance spectrophotometry 138
Reflected wave phenomenon 13
Refractory distress syndrome, severe acute 250
Refractory hypotension 164
Refractory obstructive shock secondary 177
Regional lactate production 124
Regurgitation, acute valvular 170
Renal clearance, measurement of 140
Renal dysfunction 247
Renal leak index 209
Renal microcirculation, visualization of 141
Renal perfusion 141
Renal system 211
Respiratory distress syndrome 211
Retroflexion 293f
Retroperitoneal tumors 149
Revascularization 172
Reverberation artifact 267
failure 324
Right ventricular
collapse 304f
diastolic function 268
dilation 61
end-diastolic
area 286f
acute 273
function, assessment of 285
inflow tract 281f
myocardial infarct 192
outflow tract 192
systolic dysfunction 190
Ring-down artifact 267
Rivaroxaban 158
S
Salicylates, cyanide 124
Scanning modes 266
Scanning sequence 327
Screening marker 125
Seashore sign 311f
Segmental wall function, assessment of 285
Seizures 124
Seldinger technique 6
Seminal vesicles 300
Septal abnormalities 291
Septal kinetics 286
Septic cardiomyopathy 274
Septic myocardial depression 228
Serotonin syndrome 167
Serum lactate 135
Severe trauma, resuscitation of 205
biomarkers in 127
evaluation of 291
life-threatening 317
pathophysiological mechanisms of 201
pathophysiology of 201
resuscitation in 318
scanning 327
severe 57
types of 210
ultrasound with 271
Sine wave 263
Sinus arrhythmias 28
Slow-Pressor response 217
Soft tissue 264
Splanchnic circulation 137
Splanchnic ischemia 203
Spontaneous respiration 319
Spot electrodes 76
Square wave test 8
Stabilization phase 209
Standard deviation 94
Standard thermodilution methods 105
Static tissue 343
Static ultrasonography 340
ST-elevation myocardial infarction 234
Stewart-Hamilton equation 98
Stramek equation 77
Stramek-Bernstein equation 77
Strenuous severe exercise 123
Stress ulcer 172
Stressed circulatory volume 25
Subclavian artery 343f
Sublingual capnometry 139
Sublingual microcirculation 145
Subxiphoid four-chamber view 283f
Supraphysiological plasma concentrations 207
Supraventricular tachycardia 291
Surgery, abdominal 149
Surgical decompression 152
Surviving sepsis campaign guidelines 204
Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery catheter 20
Systemic diseases 156
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 170
Systemic vessels 224
Systolic anterior motion 274
Systolic upstroke 15
T
Tachyarrhythmias 170
Takotsubo syndrome 273
Tandem heart 243
TandemHeart kit component 244f
Tension pneumothorax 273
Tetrahedron 267
Therapeutic dilemma 40
Thermal effects 269
advantages of 74
basic principles of 73
cardiography 78
correlation of 78t
technology
description of 75
disadvantages of 105
Thoracic blood vessels 75
Thoracic cavity 76
Thorax 102
Thrombocytopenia, heparin-induced 158
Thrombolysis 202
Thrombomodulin, soluble 131
Thrombophilia 155
Titration 202
Torsades de pointes 170
Total vessel density 144
Toxic alcohols 124
Toxins 273
Transducer functions 8
Transducer manipulation 292
Transducer position 279
Transesophageal echocardiographic assessment, advanced 295
Transesophageal images, basic 295f
Transient hypotension 291
Transmitting ultrasound energy 266
Transmural pressure 25
Transpulmonary pressures 36
Transthoracic echocardiogram 193
Trigger 233
Trigonometric sine waveform 74
Troponins, cardiac 129
Tuberculosis 303
Tumors, cardiac 291
Two-dimensional echocardiography 182
U
Ulrasonography 212
Ultrasonographic instruments 263
Ultrasound artifacts 267
Ultrasound during emergencies, use of 327
Ultrasound guidance 331
Ultrasound interstitial syndrome 312
Ultrasound transducer 290
Uremia 303
Urinary albumin 211
Urinary bladder 300
Urinary output 147
V
Vascular hypertrophy 217
Vascular resistance 195
Vasoactive agent, majority of 218
Vasomotor tone, major 62
Vasorelaxation, mechanism of 164
Venous oxygen saturation 118
Venous thrombus 331f
Ventral hernias, development of 153
Ventricles, preload of 27
Ventricular arrhythmias 191
Ventricular end-diastolic volume 272
Ventricular free wall rupture 177
Ventricular septal rupture 170
Ventricular stroke volume 12
Ventricular tachycardia 291
Vertebral artery 137
Vigorous exercise 124
Volvulus 149
von Willebrand syndrome 252