Planning and Designing of Specialty Healthcare Facilities Shakti Kumar Gupta, R Chandrashekhar, Sunil Kant
INDEX
Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, fc refer to flowchart, and t refer to table.
A
Accidents and emergencies 450
Accommodation
and floor plans, schedule of 3
clustering of 266, 445
diagnostic services, schedule of 120t
for medical imaging unit, schedule of 94
in daycare facility, scales of 254
in intensive care unit, scales of 253
in operation theatre, scales of 255
inpatient area, schedule of 120t
of daycare, schedule of 93t
scale of 243
schedule of 5t, 25t, 63t, 72t, 83t, 119t, 120t, 163t, 197, 208, 277, 351
mortuary 120t
spinal cord injury schedule of 242
Accreditation of sleep disorder center of American Academy of Sleep Medicine 358
Accumulated receipt form 590f
Acoustics 6, 27, 198, 471, 478
Activities of daily living 241
Adaptable flexibility 552
Administrative area 40, 431
Adult ear, nose and throat and audiology 450
Adult inpatient mental healthcare, standards for 403b
Advanced laboratory facility 414
Air
change
efficiency chart 610t
per hour 463, 610
rates 230
circulation 178
conditioning 6, 6b, 62, 72, 98, 139, 248, 249, 375, 621
development of 366
system 9, 50
filtration 257, 464
handling 464, 478
systems 343
unit 2, 201f, 233, 323, 464, 491, 544, 610, 610f
leaks 230, 262
pressure gradients 3
purification 611
quality measurements 26
quantity 464
recirculation of 50
tight door 226f
velocity 463
Airborne contamination 328
Airborne infection isolation 223, 375
room, air distribution pattern for 613f
Airborne viral diseases 227
Airlock entry ports 132
Alcohol hand-rub dispenser 192
Alzheimer's diseases 334
Ambulance access 170f
American Heart Association 72
American Institute of Architects 226, 599
American Landscape Architect Frederick Law Olmsted 393
American Society for Reproductive Medicine 21
American Society of Healthcare Engineering 487
American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers 426, 491
Amnion banking facility 2, 413
Ancillary area 38
Ancillary equipment 69
Ancillary laboratory facilities 32, 137
Ancillary space 70
Andrology laboratory 34, 34f
Anesthesia
utility pedestal 82
workroom 59
Anesthetic room 48, 50, 525
Angiography room 196
Animal house facility 339
Animal housing rooms 330
Animal research facility 330
Anterooms 228f
Antiseptic dispensers 287f
Applanation tonometer 436
Appointment desk and record room 261
Aquatherapy 472f
Aquatic therapy 239, 240f
Architectural consideration 10, 46, 221
Arguments against
asylum architecture 394
villa system 395
Arterial blood gas machine 195
Arteriovenous fistulas 381
Arteriovenous malformations 380, 382
Artificial insemination 22
Artificial lighting 27, 266, 520
Artificial operating eye 443f
Artificial respiration 81
Asepsis, special provision for 14
Assisted reproductive technology 8, 41
center, planning for 28
facility 21, 25f
layout of 24f
levels 28, 29
procedures 22
selection criteria for 24
Association of medical superintendents of American Institutions for Insane 393
Asylum plan, types of 394
Asynchronous teleophthalmology 439
Atomic Energy Regulatory Board 44, 90, 109, 196, 383
Rules 102
Atomic force microscope 326
Audiology 451
booth 454, 456f
clinic 449, 451, 454
accommodation of 451, 455
equipment store 457
Audiometric testing area 454, 456f
Autoclave room 47
Automatic transfer switches 214
Autorefractometer 430
Ayushman Bharat 479
B
Baby/infant-feeding facilities 186
Back-up embryo freezer 36f
Bariatric room 571, 572f
design advisory board 571
Bariatric safe handling program 570
Bariatric surgery facility 569
Bariatric washroom design 572f
Bariatric wheelchairs 573
Barn operating room 273
Baro-pedometer 287f
Barrier
elements 330
facilities 331
thickness 103t
Basic hospital design principles 495
Beating heart totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass 348
Bed head
panel 57, 195, 373, 374f
services 189, 311
unit 241, 243
Bed provision 189
Bed spaces 189
Bedpan sanitizer 189f
Bedroom design 148
Bhabha Atomic Research Center 44, 196
Biochemistry 197, 361
test form 589, 592f
Biological facility 405
Biomass 531
Biomedical waste
management 139, 159
segregation of 626f
Biosafety cabinets 128, 128f, 415
type of 341
Biosafety laboratory 124, 125f
brriers in 124f
Biosafety level 126, 126f, 127t, 130f, 131f
Biothesiometry 287f
test 286
Birthing center 7, 14
completeness of 7
location of 7
Birthing suite 10
Bladeless LASIK surgery 433f
Blood
bank 49, 435
borne viral 187
gas laboratory 82
imbalances, treatment of 109
test form 589, 593f
tracking 501
transfusion unit 435
Body mass index 569
Bone
densitometry room 113, 114f
marrow transplant unit 409, 413
space required for 414
Botulinum toxins 406
Brachytherapy facility 103f
planning of 102
Braille signage, standard guidelines for 423
Brain
suite 376, 376f
Breast pump 14
Breathing-related sleep disorders, types of 356
Bronchoalveolar lavage 295
Bronchoscopy 295, 297, 298
suites 226
Building automation 544
system 331, 538
Building codes 6
Building dampness, regular check of 503
Building elements 114
Building envelops 532
Building integrated photovoltaics 332
Building management systems 532, 538, 539, 545
benefits of 539
capabilities 541
functioning of 539
Building service requirements 27, 388
Building tenant 541
Burns
and Reconstructive Surgery Center 1
center 2
components of 1
intensive care units 1f
primary function of 1
unit 409
space required for 413
stack diagram of 2f
C
Cadaveric liver transplantation 248
Cafeteria 159
Call systems 565
Caloric testing 458
Cancer
types of 109
Carbolic acid 462
Cardiac catheterization 75
laboratory
design considerations for 69
planning premises for 69
space requirements of 77t
Cardiac intensive care unit 80, 80f
Cardiac surgery 75
facility for 81
intensive care unit 81
Cardiothoracic and vascular surgery center 75, 76
Cardiovascular diseases 69, 75, 334
Care
completeness of 156
continuum of 156
environment of 496
Casualty
operation theater 431
type of 405
Cataract 435
and lens clinic 435
surgery 444f
surgical instruments used for 420f
Catheterization laboratory
block plan for 70f
facility 69
Ceiling mounted
equipment 256
led lights 533, 533f
luminaries 525f
Ceiling pendants 45
Cell
processing areas 340, 340f
separator 195
shaver 195
therapy product disposal 345
Central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome 356
Central monitoring system 57
Central pollution control board 626
Central sleep apnea syndrome 356, 357f
Central station intensive care unit 252f
Central sterile supply department 7, 8, 41, 49, 60, 78, 194, 199, 248f, 249, 316, 527
Certification fee 492
Cesarean section room 46
Chair station dialysis 209f
Changing room 25, 60, 194, 261
Chemical
biological, radiological and nuclear facilities, type of 405
facility 405
vapor deposition 328
Chemiluminescence immunoassay 282, 286
Child-friendly environment 266
Childhood blindness 421
Children's audiology 450
Children's play space 453
Chronic kidney disease 206
global burden of 206
Circulation
requirements 263
space 196
Clean supply room 350, 434
Clean utility 188, 190, 310
room 60, 195
Cleaners’ room 189, 310, 453
Cleaning endoscopes, workroom for 262
Clinic
store 454
waiting areas 430
Clinical decision making facility 135
functions of 135
Clinical decision unit 307
Clinical devices 509
Clinical hand basins 145
Clinical laboratory services 44
Clinical pathology 442
Clinical sinks 566
Clinical space 473
Clinical waste
bin 192
facilities 171
Clinical workstation 581, 582
Closed circuit television 267, 538
Closed circuit TV system 98
Cobalt-60 101f
Coffee room/lounge 60
Cold water services 458
Collection rooms 31
Colonoscopy 249
test form 589, 592f
Color rendering index 302
Comfort room 403
Common bio-medical waste treatment facility 626, 627
Communications 57, 176
base 267
circuits 459
hardware 509
recommended standards for 509
networking and IT 159
requirements 506
system 6, 119, 567, 586
Community ophthalmology ward 435
Compact dental surgery 515f
Compact fluorescent lamps 518
Comprehensive care 156
Compressed natural gas 488
Computed tomography 371, 371f, 379, 586
computer room 95
console room 95
imaging room 95
scan room 317, 317f
scanning 295
Computer equipment room 197
Conservative dentistry 511
Construction
management 489
Consultant chamber 40, 429, 436
Consultation room 8f, 57, 76, 191, 192, 453, 458
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis 191
Continuous passive motion 312, 314, 314f
Continuous positive airway pressure 357, 357f
Contrast bath 161f
Control room 70, 70f, 197, 359f
Controlled air
path 230
system 131
Convalescence unit 409, 414
space required for 414
Convertible flexibility 553
Copper based door handles 609f
Cornea laboratory 436, 436f
Corneal blindness 421
Coronary angiography 77
Coronary artery disease, prevalence of 75
Coronary care units 81
Corridor 288, 331
dimensions 3t
lighting 527, 529
plan 394
specifications 288
Cosmetic surgery 462
center for 462
Counseling room 40, 188, 417
COVID
center, basic layout of 601f
facility, ventilation in 622
healthcare facilities 621
planning and designing of 598
infection 598
SARS-COV-2 droplets, WHO reported exposure mechanisms of 609f
ward, independent block of 603f
Critical care
areas 77
facilities 600
room
length 571
space design for 571
width 571
unit 218
functional relationships of 219
Cryopreservation 23, 23f, 36f, 345
store 35
Cryostorage room 340, 340f
Current indoor air quality technologies, use of 376
Current state value stream map 552
Cyberknife 383f
Cyclotron control room 97, 97f
Cytopathology 442
D
da Vinci system 347, 347f, 353f, 354f
Daily living, activities of 162, 240, 240f
Data management/documentation 344
Day lighting 532
Day room 190, 311
Day spa 467, 468f
Daycare
and operation theater facility 445
functional area of 79f
treatment room 93f
unit 79, 79f
Daylighting in hospitals 519
Dead body decontamination and packing area 418
Decentralized microservice zones 599
Decontamination facility 416
Decorporation unit 409
space parameters of 412
Deep vein thrombosis pumps 574
Deionization water 206
Delivery
room 45f, 47
space requirement for 10t
suit 527
Demographics 583
Dental
and maxillofacial
imaging 517
prosthesis 511
trauma 511
cone-beam computed tomography 516f
department, sample layout of 512f515f
handpieces 516f
laboratory 517
services, center for 511
surgery, six-handed dentistry being practiced in 516f
unit 178
Dermarollers 463f
Designing wellness facilities 470
Dexa scan 286f, 318f
data sheet 290
Diabetic eye clinic 283
Diabetic retinopathy treatment 440f
Diabetology 191
Diagnostic endoscopic services 249
Diagnostic imaging system 574
Diagnostic information system 583, 584fc, 585fc
Diagnostic radiography facilities 561
Dialysate 205
Dialysis 205, 209
area 192
bed station 208f
center 205, 205f, 206
facility 204
Diapers changing facilities 186
Diathermy 195
Dietetics department 49
Differently abled, signage for 236f
Digestive disease 248
center
space for 249
stack diagram of 248f
subunits of 247f
stack diagram of 248f
Digital control system 73
Digital health laws and regulations 630
Digital hospitals 501
Digital imaging and communications 509
Digital information 495
management and controls 173, 174f
security in healthcare Act 630
Digital radiography 94
Digital subscriber line 499
Digital X-ray room 317
Direct digital controls 331
Directed vertical flow 6f
Dirty circulation conflicts 296
Dirty utility 188, 189f, 190, 310
room 60, 78, 80, 195, 308
Disaster
management 222, 408
planning 111
Dispensary 57
Dispensing room 433
Disposal room 36, 189, 310
Documentation 492
Doffing area 606, 606f
Donning area 605
Donor
complex 435
health 23
semen 22
Door
and door hardware 564
interlock 98
top pressure sensitive alarm 401
Dormitory 222
Double corridor 41
Double-pass reverse osmosis 192
Down lights 533, 533f
Dressing room 261
Drinking water services 458
Drug
and cosmetics rules 49
and therapeutic agents 447
pumps, storage and recharge of 307
storage of 308
Drying and dressing room 417
Drying cabinet 264f
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 286, 317
scan 282, 317
Duke university medical center's hybrid operating room 266f
Duty rooms 222
E
Ear
mould workshop 458
nose and throat 450452, 461
accommodation in 451
clinic 449, 451, 453, 460
clinic of audiology clinic 455
Echocardiography room 77, 78
Echocarodiogram 249
Eclampsia room 13
Eco-friendly facility 138, 138f
Electric
panel 214f
supply 426
water boiler 190
Electrical capacity and routing 343
Electrical controls and switches 364
Electrical distribution
and transmission 565
cupboard 189, 190, 193
Electrical installation 50, 198, 532
Electrical interference 198
Electrical panels 57, 195
Electrical receptacles 565, 566t
Electrical requirements 508
Electrical services 458
Electrical stimulation 312, 314
Electrical systems 565
Electroconvulsive therapy unit 403
Electrodiagnosis room 433
Electroencephalogram 367
Electroencephalography 298
machine 368f
Electromagnetic interference 328, 329
Electromyogram 367
Electromyography 367
Electronic baro-pedometer 286
Electronic health records 563
Electronic medical record 377, 500, 585
scanning room 500
Electronic stethoscope 508f
Electronystagmography 456
Electrooculography 298
Electrophysiologic studies 75
Electrosurgical laser treatment 261
Elevators 364, 425, 567
Embryo 33
donation 23
freezing 23
intrauterine transfer of 31f
transfer 22
Embryology laboratory complex 32
Embryonic stem cells 336, 336f
Emergency 450
care unit 309f
functional relationship diagram of 309
planning and designing parameters for 1
department 431, 558
electrical service 214, 214f
mass casualty assessment and planning scenario 408
rooms 539
and reception areas 227
services 40
supply 546
Emotional wellness 469
Endobronchial biopsy 295
Endocrine
assay 29f
laboratory 285
Endocrinology 281
Endodontics 511
Endoscope, evolution of 259, 259f
Endoscopic devices, requirements for 249
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography 250
Endoscopic ultrasound 260f
Endoscopy
benefits of 259
trolley 260f
unit 259
Endotracheal intubation 226
End-stage kidney disease 206
End-stage renal disease, management of 186
Energy 489
conservation 532
building code 532
efficiency 520, 615, 621
rating 289
ratio 503
management, objectives of 541
performance index 622
recovery, concept of 426
Engineering
considerations 49, 221
services 237, 426
systems 471
Enteroscopy 249
Enterprise solution architecture 578, 579fc
Entrance areas 521
Environmental devices demonstration room 457
Environmental life cycle analysis 327, 327f
Environmental monitoring 343
Environmental services room 563
Environmental systems 207
Enzyme-linked immunoassays 282
Epididymal spermatozoa 22
Epithelial brushing 295
Epworth sleepiness scale 357, 357f
Equipment 341, 445, 446
and furniture 178
and special fluids 60, 195, 316
assistive devices 364
considerations 573
maintenance system 578
requirements 546
room 57, 60, 70, 101, 194, 195, 308
Ergonomics 5, 222, 288
Esthetics 305
surgery 462
European Society of Human Reproductive and Embryology 21
Evoked potential machine 368f
Examination lights 523f, 533, 534f
Examination room 30, 188, 191, 192, 261, 453, 458, 529
lighting arrangements 530f
Exit signages 522, 523f
External beam
facility requires 99
radiotherapy 100f
equipment for 100
therapy 99, 99f
External eye 440
External illumination 178, 181
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 250, 251f
Extract ventilation 461
Eye
bank, infrastructural requirement for 444
care facility 427
casualty 431
clinic design 429
department, functions in 527
hospitals 421
movements 298
procedure room 433
surgery in middle ages 421f
Eyeglass fitting and display 433
F
Fabric ducts 622
Façade lighting 528
using indirect lights 528f
Facilitate coordinated services 349
Facility 157, 339
and space requirements 41, 43, 45, 49
design, lean concepts in 551
function of 38, 260, 337, 348
guidelines institute 569
manager 541
objectives of 260
planning 207
handbook of 27
premises 340
requirements 560
Federal emergency management series 408
Female infertility, diagnostic procedures for 29
Fire alarms 545
system 303, 567
Fire safety 426
ramp 237f
Fire strategy 233, 233f
Flash autoclave for sterilizing instruments 432f
Flexibility 198, 296, 495, 555
Flexible and modular design 555
Flexible engineering systems 332
Flooring and wall bases 565
Floor-mounted equipment 257
Flow cytometry 195, 342
Fluid store 190, 193
Fluoroscopic examination room 262
Fluoroscopy 94, 261
room 196, 562
units 263
Follicular fluid 28
Food-quality cross-linked polyethylene tubing 198
Foot vibration test 286
Footwear manufacturing unit 287
Force field mammogram 44f
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 414
Freezing embryos 23, 23f
Freezing semen 23, 23f
Fresh air and recirculation air change rates 610
Frozen section 442
Fuel cells 332
Full-spectrum light 472f
Full-term nursery 43
Fully developed future state processes 557
Fully integrated electronic medical records 296
Fully magnetic resonance technology compatible operating table 273f
Functional areas 189191, 193, 195, 386, 409
Functional planning spaces 297f
Fundus fluorescein angiography 438
Furniture 180, 181
G
Gait training and movement training 162
Galvanic machine 465f
Galvanized steel paneling 276f
Gamete intrafallopian tube transfer 22
Gaming 551f
Gamma knife 372, 373f, 379, 381, 382
medical application 380
principles of 381
procedure 381
working of 381f
Gas chromatography 414
Gastroenterology 247, 248
Gastrointestinal motility 248, 250
Gastrointestinal surgery 247, 248
Gastroscopy test form 591f
General design consideration 28, 427
General hepatobiliary diseases 248
General nursing unit 40
General planning considerations 38, 223, 423
General postanesthetic units 50
General purpose examination 559, 559f
General service considerations 449
General space criteria 440
General storage area 188, 190, 193, 209
Genetics laboratory 35, 35f
Geriatric healthcare facility 143
Glare index 518
Glutaraldehyde ventilation strategies 263
Grab bars 364, 400, 565
Graham prepared bell-shaped vessel 204
Green building rating systems, history of 488b
Ground fault circuit interrupters 351
Gymnasium 162
Gypsum ceiling height 436
H
Hand held slit lamp 431f
Hand washing 2, 14
facilities 58, 64, 196
station 564
sinks 566
Handrails 366
Hardwearing polyvinyl chloride 198
Head and neck treatment room 307
Health and wellness centers 479, 480
establishment of 480
Healthcare delivery system, supply of 184
Healthcare facilities 539, 569, 570, 622
targets for 494
Healthcare system standards 554
Healthcare workers, impact of lighting on 528
Healthcare workforce
area 605
facilities for 627, 627f
Hearing aid center 451, 457
accommodation in 451
Hearing aid repair workshop 458
Heart
bypass machine room 82
Heat and cold
packs 161f
therapy 159
Heating
development of 366
protection of 50
ventilation, and air conditioning 2, 9t, 10t, 47, 78, 181, 198, 209, 221, 236, 237, 263, 319, 329, 402, 426, 441, 446, 463, 503
biosafety laboratory 130f
requirements 58t, 92t, 402
system 13, 13t, 50, 178, 180, 199, 290, 463, 532, 565, 599
wards 62t
Heidelberg retinal tomogram 436
Heller myotomy 348
Hemangioblastoma 381
Hematology 197
laboratory 340
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant 223
Hemodialysis 191, 205, 205f, 207, 210
area 191
circuit 205f
machine 206f
water services for 198
Hemodynamic monitoring 250, 251f
Hemogram 442
Hemorrhagic fever viruses 406
Hepa filters 610
disposal of 613
Hepatobiliary diseases, center for 247
Hepato-pancreatico-biliary disease center, distinctive functional areas of 249
High dose rate therapy, requirements of 104, 104t
High-dependency care areas 81
High-dependency unit 240, 247249, 397
establishment of 218
High-dose-rate therapy 104f
High-efficiency particulate air 59, 126, 227, 255, 341, 375
filtration 129, 539, 607
High-efficiency particulate arrestance filter 258, 329, 376, 411, 464
High-flux membranes 205
High-intensity discharge 491
High-performance liquid chromatography 441, 441f
High-pressure laminate 276, 276f
Hirschowitz fiber gastroscope 260f
Histidine 60
Histopathology 197, 442
Holding area 59, 194
Holter fitting rooms 78
Home hemodialysis training room 193
Hospital air conditioning 50
Hospital atrium 522f
Hospital attendants room 138
Hospital lighting, recent trends in 533
Hospital management information system 576
modules, overview of 580f
Hospital surgical capacity 405
Hospital treatment capacity 405
Hospital-acquired infection 219
Hot lab 97, 372, 372f
waste store 110f
Hot water services 458
Hot zones, separation of 332
Housekeeping 159
aides closets 302
protocols 609
Human engineering aspects 288
Human leukocyte antigen 63, 199, 319
laboratory 63, 197, 341, 341f
Human pluripotent stem cell 337
laboratory 338f
Hybrid operating room 265, 271
layout 273f
size of 272
Hybrid operating theater 265
Hybrid operating unit 278f
Hydrotherapy 159, 160, 312, 313, 313f
pool
specific engineering services for 318
water circulation system 319
water treatment plant 319, 319f
suite ventilation system, controls for 318
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy 282
unit 283
I
Imaging facilities, support areas for 562
Immunization facility 40
Immunohistochemistry 442
Immunological tests 29
Implantable devices clinic room 79
In vitro culture media 24
In vitro fertilization 15, 21, 22, 24, 25, 41
associated techniques 22, 22f
facility 24f
history of 21
laboratory 30f
Indian Council of Medical Research 21
Indian Green Building Council 289, 491
Indian Public Health Standards 219, 599
Indian Space Research Organisation 629
Indoor air quality 539
standards 426
Indoor environmental quality 491
Induced pluripotent stem cells 336
Inductively coupled plasma 414
Infection control 2, 14, 27, 60, 64, 187, 194, 222, 228
Infectious diseases 334
transmission of 27
Infectious intensive care unit 613
Infective microorganisms, classification of 128
Information and communication technologies 494, 505, 576
Information technology 187, 248, 249, 267, 302, 517
and communication systems 112
compatibility 430
server room 606
stores 181
Infrared light 161f
In-house diagnostic information system, development of 583
Integrate palliative care 116
Integrated and hybrid operating room 265
Integrated building management system 532, 542f
Integrated burns center 1, 1b
Integrated facility 282b, 411
Integrated habitat assessment rating system, green rating for 492
Integrated operating room 271
media bridge of 272f
Integrated operating theater 352, 271f
Intelligent building management systems 538
Intensive cardiac care unit 70
Intensive care unit 8, 14, 14f, 15, 41, 43, 57, 57f, 63, 159, 159f, 195, 201f, 241, 247250, 251f, 253f, 260, 296, 348, 373, 409, 412, 511, 525, 539, 600
air distribution pattern for 613f
bed 44
functional relationship of 58f, 82f
layout of 252f
lighting 49
space required for 413
Intermediate respiratory intensive care unit 295, 296
Internal drainage 198
design parameters 319
Internal facility 577
Internal illumination 178, 181
Internal signages 5
International Federation of Fertility Societies 21
Internet protocol 540
Internet technology 497
Interview room 30, 79, 261, 454
Intraoperative high-field magnetic resonance imaging 376
Intrauterine insemination 22, 34
Intrauterine transfer of embryo, room for 31
Intravenous anesthesia, Bier's cuffs for 307
Intravenous fluorescein angiography 438
Iontophoresis 312, 314, 314f
Isolation
enclosure 623f
facility 223, 600, 626
air distribution in 231f
rooms 2, 43, 50, 80, 189, 192, 223, 229, 311, 409, 412
checklist 229
classification of 225
functional classification of 225, 257
layout of 3f, 224f
planning premises of 223
room air distribution in 231f
specific design considerations for 229
unit, space required for 413
ward and isolation room, typical layout of 603f
Isothermal dialysis 205
K
Kairali Ayurvedic Healing Village 470f
Kangaroo mother care 39
Kinesiology therapy area 240f
Kinesiotherapy 239
L
Labor
delivery 39
suite 45, 50
recovery and postpartum 10, 11, 46f, 47
rooms 45
space requirement for 10t
Laboratory
design 34, 69
elements 44
functional relationship of 63, 63f, 318
information system 579, 582
lighting 10, 50
maintenance of 32
sample collection area 9
services 197, 374, 562
space planning 440
support areas for 562
testing 562
zone 32
Laminar air flow 255
Laminar flow clean hoods 415
Laser
machine 465, 465f
room 433, 433f
layout of 438, 440f
surgery 433f
room 433f
Laundry 49, 159, 476
Laws Governing Biomedical Research 632
Laws Governing Business Aspects of Hospital 633
Laws Governing Employment of Manpower 633
Laws Governing Management 632
Laws Governing Professional Training and Research 633
Laws Governing Safety of Patients, Public and Staff 632, 633
Lean healthcare facility design 548, 549
Led luminaries 534
types of 536f
Led tube lights 534, 535f
Lifts 425, 528
Light
emitting diodes 518
fixtures 400
latest types of 533
pipes 534
principle of 536f
sources 525
Lighting 6, 57, 199, 458, 464, 478, 501, 532
appearance 520
arrangement in corridor, layout of 529f
controls 544
costs 521
data sheet 290
maintenance 521
mandatory requirements for 532
power density 503, 622
Linen storage 193
Liquid
nitrogen supply tank 36f
waste, disposal of 97
Liver disease center, stack diagram of 248
Living donor liver transplantation 248
Lobby 476
and waiting areas 573
Local area network 499, 517
Locker room 188, 191, 474
Locomotor disability 164f
rehabilitation center for 156
Luminaries 518, 525
Lung bypass machine room 82
M
Magnetic flux 26
Magnetic resonance imaging 95f, 371f
computer room 196
console room 196
lighting for 526f
machines 95
room 196
Maintenance heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems 375
Maintenance room 199
Male infertility, diagnostic procedures for 29
Mammography room 562
Manifold room 527
Manual physiotherapy 304
Mass casualty incident 405
Mass spectrometry 414
Master patient index 579
Master planning strategies 552
Maxillofacial implantology 511
Mechanical ventilation 295
systems, conditions for 263
Media bridge 221f, 272f
Medical and nursing staff, lighting for 524, 524f
Medical emergency
and patient recovery room 517
management of 389
Medical gas 59, 194
and vacuum systems 566
pipe systems 222
storage facilities 350
systems 567
Medical imaging service 196, 317
Medical locations, classification of 546
Medical record department 49, 248f, 249, 282
Medical social service officer 56, 187
Medical spas 468f
Medical staff service office 310
Medical stores 180, 527
Medical wellness 466
Medication preparation room 434
Medication safety zones 560
Meditation room and chapel 476
Meeting room 36
Mental health facilities 392, 395, 396
historical evolution of 392
types of 396
Metabolic facility 281
Microcurrent machine 465f
Microelectronic lab 328f
Minimum efficiency reporting values 611t
Minimum infrastructure requirement 340
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare 630
Minor cardiac procedures room 78, 78f
Minor operations room 190
Mixed-mode ventilation 621
Mobile army surgical hospital 175
Mobile auxiliary surgical hospital 175
Mobile casework labs 332
Mobile clinic system 182
Mobile emergency field hospital, setting of 175
Mobile health
systems 182
unit 175, 179f
history of 175
Mobile hospital 182
joining module of 181f
layout of 177f
Mobile light source 534, 535f
Mobile wards 180f
Modern ophthalmology operation theater 446f
Modular expandable COVID facility 607f
Modular unit 44
Moist heat therapy units 161f
Molecular adsorbent recycling system 253, 253f
Molecular biology laboratory 342, 344
Molecular pathology laboratory 442, 443f
Monofilament test 286, 287f
Mortuary 418, 527
space requirements for 418
Mother and child center, stack diagram of 38
Multidisciplinary interview room 311
Multiple scope activity 261
Muscle stimulators 162f
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 302, 375, 611
N
Nanomedicine 326
facility for 326
Nanophysics lab 332f
Nanotech facilities 329f
categorization of 328
Nanotechnology
facility for 326
labs 328, 329f
research center, lab planning concepts in 331
National building code 489
National Disaster Management Authority 408
National Health Services 599
National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences 392
National Program for Control of Blindness 421
National Programme for Healthcare of Elderly 155
National Spinal Injuries Centre 235
Natural light 27, 114
use of 398f
Near-patient testing area 308
Negative isolation room 616t
Negative pressure isolation room 226, 226f
parameter 620t
Negative pressure rooms 172
Neonatal intensive care unit 7, 13, 14, 14f, 15, 42, 50
Nerve conduction studies 286
Net-to-department gross factor 429
Network controllers 545
Network layer 497
Network video recording system 545
Neurological disorders 362
prevalence of 362
unique characteristics of 362
Neurologist consultation room 367, 367f
Neurology services, organization and delivery of 362
Neurosciences center 361, 366f, 375
universal design considerations in 363
Neurosurgery 368
consultation room 369f
Newborn nurseries 42
Night lighting 524f
No objection certificate 384
Noise
and sound attenuation 451
control of 6b
Non air-conditioned healthcare facilities 621
Noninvasive intermediate respiratory intensive care unit 295, 295f
Noninvasive investigation unit 76, 78
Noninvasive ventilation 295
Nonpatient care areas 222
Nuclear biological chemical 411
Nuclear facility 405
Nuclear imaging 371, 371f
Nuclear medicine 109
facility 109
design variables for 115b
physician 385
technologist 385
Nurse
and medical consultants 197
duty station 6
manager's office 188
Nursery 13
location of 42
Nursing services, planning and designing of 40
Nursing station 41, 57, 195
Nursing unit 435
Nursing/administration office 454
O
Observation nursery 43
Observation room 377, 559
Observation unit 307
Obstetric intensive care unit 7, 13, 13f, 13t
Obstetrics and gynecology 39
Obstetrics department 45
Obstetrics nursing unit 43
Obstructive sleep apnea
syndrome 356
Occupancy rate 207
Occupancy sensing 532
Occupant user interface 542
Occupational health and safety 385, 390
Occupational safety and health administration 223
Occupational therapy 239
Occupational wellness 469
Office accommodation 188
Office spaces in laboratory, planning and designing of 333
Oncology center 90
Oocyte 21, 30, 33
cryopreservation 23
donation 23
Open plan area 219, 220f
Open platform communications 540
Operating lamp characteristics 49
Operating microscope 446, 447f
Operating room 45, 50, 347, 376, 539
for robotic surgery 348
tables 574
Operating suite 59f, 159, 193
functional relationship of 61
Operating table 60, 446
Operating units 63
Operation department size and locating 47
Operation room 47, 50, 350
planning 349
size 48
walls and ceilings 50
Operation theater 8, 15, 41, 58, 58f, 70, 81, 103, 199, 201, 236, 248, 249, 265, 267f, 319, 337, 409, 525, 581
and staff time, optimize utilization of 348
complex 7, 12, 375
control panel 45, 256, 256f
functional relationship of 61, 62f
in gynecology and obstetrics 47
lighting in 49, 526f
lights 257f, 375f
piped gases in 82
space required for 413
table 525
wall and ceiling in 255f
Operations control station 411
Ophthalmic center, components of 422
Ophthalmic ultrasound 430
Ophthalmology
center 420, 428, 428fc
department 527
history of 420
virtual reality in 442, 443f
Optical coherence tomography 430, 438
room 433
Optional accommodation and services 459
Oral and maxillofacial care 511
Organ transplant
center 56
operation theater 254, 254f, 257f
Organizational structure 577, 577fc
Orthotics
and prosthetics departments 160f
camera 162f
Outdoor
air intakes 565
areas design 144
courtyards and gardens 402
Outpatient department 7, 8, 41, 70, 158, 235, 248, 249, 260, 365, 427, 428
complex 238, 427
design considerations 8
functional relationship of 56f
heating, ventilating and air-conditioning in 9t
laboratories 430
management system 580
patient pathway 429
planning 76
rooms, number of 76
waiting area 430
Outpatient services 38
Outpatients department, specialized facilities for 283
Ozone depletion potential 491
P
Pain management center 368, 369f
Palliative care 116f
center 121f
facility 116
services 121
unit 105t
pain clinics and hospice 104, 105f
Parameter desired range 446
Parking areas 423
Passing window 606f
Pathology laboratory on-line requisition entry 583
Pathology laboratory starts case 583
Patient arrival 552
Patient assessment plan 574
Patient care
area 57, 195, 219
protocol 574
services 339
Patient changing area 191
Patient dialysis 187
Patient entry form 588f
Patient flow through facility 409
Patient management system 578
Patient mobilization, plan for 574
Patient procedural zone 31
Patient receipt
entry form 590f
query form 591f
Patient relations department 581
Patient room 41, 104, 529
preparation of 574
Patient showers and bathtubs 400
Patient toilet and change facilities 95
Patient transfer area 59, 194, 315
Patient's lounge 47
Patient-centered objectives 494
Patient-monitoring area 191
Patients and escorts, washroom for 188, 190
Patients and visitors area 600
Patients sanitary facilities 188, 191, 310
Patients toilets 453
Pavilion plan 394
Pediatric clinic 436
Pediatric intensive care unit 44f
Pediatric maxillofacial cases 511
Pediatric surgery department 45
Pediatric unit 41
Pediatric ward 436
general planning for 41
Pendant services 82
Perchloric acid hoods 415
Perfusion preparation room 81
Perfusion storage room 81
Perimeter security 403
Periodical examination and tests 26
Peripheral hospital, real time teleconsultation with 505f
Peritoneal dialysis 190, 201f, 205, 206f
Permeate water 206
Personal protective equipment 408, 605, 606f
donning and doffing 624
PET camera 113f
Pharmacy management system 578, 585
Photography room 432
Photohydroionization 3, 376, 376f
Physical environment 50
Physical medicine and rehabilitation 49, 239, 241
Physical rehabilitation 239f
Physical therapy
department 160f
wing 160f
Physiotherapy 162f
and change rooms 618t
department 527
room 40
unit 137f, 312
Picture archive and communication systems 188, 196, 271, 309, 387, 586
Pine wellness centre 470f
Piped medical gases and vacuum 458
Planning and designing 450
challenges 266
considerations 156, 326, 363, 396, 429, 559
Planning assumptions 511
Planning considerations 196, 348, 505
Planning parameters 10, 193, 283
Planning premises 24, 46, 422, 569
and design considerations 24
Planning process 468
Planning wellness center 468
Plant rooms 319
Plenum unit 255
Plug-and-play infrastructure 553
Plumbing 213
fixture 566
issues 14
systems 565
Podiatric care area 286f
Podiatric laboratory 286
Polysomnography 295, 298f
monitors body functions 298f
Portable anteroom high-efficiency particulate air 375
Portable document format 586
Positive pressure 464
isolation room 227, 227f
Positron emission tomography 295, 372, 372f
area 97t
scan 96f
control room 96f
Postanesthesia recovery room 352
Postanesthetic care units 350
Postpartum care suite 10f
Power backup 426, 537
Power points 178
Power supplies 72, 73t, 458
Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana 480
Precommissioning inspection 384
Prefabricated bedside patient unit 213
Prefabricated surgical suite 45
Prehospital care 574
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis 25, 35
Premature nursery 43
Preoperative patient holding area 350
Preparation area 261
Preparation room 45, 78, 269f, 453
Pressure gradient 614f
criteria 624f
requirements 418
Pressure relief damper 256
Pressure zone 131f
Preterm nursery 42f
Pretesting room 432
Pretreated water 206
Primary angle-closure glaucoma 422
Primary infertility clinics 28, 29
Primary open-angle glaucoma 422
Primary radiation area, width of 102
Principal audiologist's office 457
Privacy curtains 146
Private ward 438
Procedures room 191, 191f, 192
Process flow 439
Professional appearance 471
Protecting patients privacy and dignity 28
Protective environment rooms 223
ventilation requirements for 228
Protective measures 28
Protective zone 350, 463
Proteomics 342
Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric nursing 396
Psychiatric hospitals 396
Psychiatric intensive care unit 397
Psychiatry 361, 368
suite 370f
Public area 38, 40, 431
Public conveniences 9, 38
Public telephones 186
Public utilities 430
Public-private partnership 366
Q
Quality control laboratory 97, 342, 344
Quality measurement 403
Quarantine 330
facilities 600, 616t
laboratory 342, 344, 344f
Quick exhaust system 6
R
Radial pavilion plan 394
Radiation equipment, commissioning of 102
Radiation installations 102
planning of 102
Radiation protection 96
rules 384
Radiation safety
code 384, 384f
officer 385
Radiation shielding 114
Radio imaging services 239
Radioactive iodine sealed bedroom 111
Radioactive substances spills, management of 389
Radioactive waste
disposal 390
holding 113
management 390
Radiodiagnosis 94f
and radiotherapy department, planning of 93
department 525
Radiodiagnostic facility 50
Radiofrequency 328
ablation 77, 250, 250f
identification 494
technology 497
interference 328
machine 464f, 465
Radiography room 561, 562
Radioisotope hoods 415
Radiological facility 405
functional flow of 431f
Radiological safety division 383
Radiological Safety Officer 383, 384, 386
Radiological services 44
Radiology 159, 191, 430
department 77f
functional diagram 373f
information system 579
Radiotherapy unit planning 99
Radio-visiography 516f
Ramp 99, 425
and patient lifts 157
Reading light 524f, 534, 535f
Real time polymerase chain reaction machine 442f
Reception 187, 452, 457
and registration 9, 40
area 32f, 59, 208, 463f, 521
layout of 529f
lights, layout of 529
office 191
Recommended illumination values and glare index 519, 528
Recommended isolation room pressures 230
Record room 30, 47
Recovery and postpartum suite, space requirement for 10t
Recovery area 60, 81
Recovery room 46, 47, 70, 261f, 454, 525
Refreshment facilities 186
Rehabilitation center
functions of 156
location of 157
Rehabilitation department 159, 368, 370f
Relative humidity 327, 611, 614
Renal disease
center 186
Renal outpatient department 187
Renal replacement therapy 205
Renal transplant operation theater 193
Renal unit 186
engineering services in 198
general design considerations of 186
technical service area of 199
Renewable energy
solutions 531
types of 531
Renovating room 232
Resilient floor 479
Respiratory intensive care unit 296f
Respiratory medicine 295
facility 295
unit, special feature of 295
Rest facilities 274
Rest room 31, 457
Resuscitation room 307, 307f, 417
Resuscitation trolley 171f
Resuscitation trolley bay 190, 192
Retina 440
clinic and laboratories, equipment for 438
clinic, layout plan of 439f
laboratory, layout plan of 439f
Revolving screening outpatient department chamber 429f
Rhythm analysis room 79
Robotic operation
room set-up 353f
theater set-up 354f
Robotic surgery 348f, 377
facility for 347
procedures performed with 348
Robotic urologic surgery 353f
Room lighting 73
Room pressure
control 230
gradient 613
S
Safety and risk reduction 296
Safety and security 27, 390
Saline bath unit 2b, 2f, 413
and skin 1
Sample collection room 92
Sauna 475f
Scattered radiation, secondary barrier for 102
Scheduled drugs, provisions for 404
Schematic design, preparation for 551
Scrub and gowning room 78
Scrub facilities 46
Scrubbing and gowning area 48
Secondary decontamination room 417
Secondary infertility clinics 29
Seminar room 10, 527
Sensor network technology 497
Sensory considerations in design 363
Separate laboratory modules 333
Serology laboratory 340, 436
Service corridor 332
Severe acute respiratory infection 600
treatment center 601f, 602f
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 598
Shielding parameters 103t
Shock absorbent flooring 148, 148t
Short stay area 238f
Short wave diathermy machines 161f
Shower curtains 399
Sick building syndrome 375
Signage 5, 187, 225f, 559
Simple object access protocol 540
Simulation
and prototypes 555
modeling 555
Simulator cobalt 60 linac, space planning for 100
Simulator room 100
Single room 220f
Single/isolation rooms 172
Site location, access, and design 471
Site selection 98, 600
Sleep
apnea syndrome 357
center 356
planning and designing of 357
cycle 358f
disorders 356
types of 356
laboratory area 298f
medicine 356
study patient area 297
Smart city 494
Smart hospital 494, 495, 497
advantages of 495
application
framework of 499f
scheme of 498
architecture of 497, 498f
contents of 498
objectives of 494
radio-frequency identification technologies for 501
reducing energy costs in 501
sustainable highlights of 496
Smart operating theaters 501
Society of vascular surgery 173
Solar 531
heat gain coefficient 503, 622
powered hospitals 531
Sonography test form 589, 594f
Spa, inter-relation of 471f
Space and environment considerations 570
Space criteria 207
applicable for relevant floors 432
Space data sheets 289
Space management system 578
Space planning 104
Space standards 72
and components 27
and dimensions 3
Spaghetti diagram 552, 553f
Spatial elements 48
Special attention, practice of telemedicine 510
Special design considerations 43
Special engineering consideration 409
Special function treatment rooms 172, 172f
Special physical facilities 40
Special purpose controllers 544
Special purpose examination room 560, 560f
Specialist nurses 197
Specialist spinal injury center 235
Specialized medical equipment 509
Specialty dental center, support areas for 517
Specialty outpatient department 434
patient circulation in 435
Specific functional and design requirements 452
Specimen collection area 374
Speech therapy 451, 458
accommodation 450f
center 449
Sperm
and oocytes 32
cervical mucus test 29
Spinal cord injury 235
Spinal injury center 235
stack diagram of 241f
Spiritual wellness 469
Splash pool lift 473f
Sport injury center 304, 319
area requirement in 320
engineering services for 318
functions of 304
heating, ventilating and air-conditioning of 319
lighting of 319, 320
operation theater 315
requirement area in 320
Sports injury ward 311
Stack diagram 2f, 38, 39f, 157f, 410f
Staff amenities 57, 350
Staff and administrative areas 209, 434
Staff and support zone 36
Staff base 189, 192, 454
Staff change 188
Staff lockers, lounge, and toilets 434
Staff office 457
Staff pantry 190
Staff restroom 188, 190
Staff room 36
Staff sanitary facilities 188
Staff support areas 331
Staff-centered objectives 494
Stainless steel paneling 45, 276f
Stairs and escalators 528
Standard operating procedures 222
Standard patient beds 401
Standby lighting 525
Steam 476f
bath 476f
Stem cell
classification of 336
laboratory 345f
potential uses of 336
processing and storage facility 345
Stem cell facility 336, 337, 338f
functional layout of 342f
layout of 339f
planning and designing of 337
Step down
area 81
unit 242f
Stereotactic radiosurgery 379, 380, 380f
Sterile processing department 298
Sterile room 36
Sterile zone 350
Sterilization
cum-washing 341
equipment 561
practices 28
Sterilizing facilities 45, 60, 194
Stool test form 589, 593f
Storage 59, 194
alcove
medical equipment 434
wheelchair 434
and disposal 477
cabinet 178, 181
equipment 434
eyeglass frame 434
room 70
space 82, 263f
Store room 36, 47
Streamline hospital design 555
Stress echocardiography room 77, 79, 79f
Stretcher 194, 573
trolley, wheelchair store 40
Subwaiting area 38, 454
Supply chain management 176
Support areas 434
Support facilities 274
Support services 7, 49, 159
Support/utility
area 192
services 188, 190, 312
Surfaces and finishes 3
ceilings 3
floors 3
walls and skirting 3
Surge capacity contingency, plan for 606
Surgical stimulation and research facility 440
Surgical suite 81
Sustainable sites 488
System architecture 543
System component, floor space and height of 73
System design document, preparation of 578
System earthing and safety requirements 546
System integration 540f, 541
T
Talking sign system 424, 425f
Task illumination 520
Technical core 182
Technical services manager's office 192
Tele education 506f
Tele specialist center 510
Teleconsultation, protocols for 509
Tele-consulting center 506, 510
Telemedicine 500, 505, 507, 629
center, layout of 507f
facility, equipment required for 508
guidelines 630
platform 508
services, utilization of 505
session 506f
software 509
space requirements 506
standards 509
system 507fc
requirements 506
types of 506b
Teleophthalmology facility 438
Tele-specialist center 506
Teletherapy
facility, planning of 99
unit 101
Temperature and humidity 464
control 327
dilution of smells 6
Temporary COVID care center 608f
Tertiary infertility care units 29
Test reports form 590
Theater
dirty utility room 270
sterile supply unit 39, 199, 201f, 241, 319, 323, 445
ventilation 270
warning light 269
Therapeutic endoscopic services 249
Therapeutic endoscopy 249f
Therapeutic procedure 29
facility 249
layout for planning of 251f
Therapeutic spa movement 467
facility of 467f
Theraputic endoscopy services facility 249f
Thermoplastic panel 276f
Thumb rules 171
Tilt room 79
Tissue culture
area 343
laboratory 341
module 344
Toilet 194, 522
paper dispensers 400
Total body irradiation 101
Towel dispenser 192, 400
Toxic industrial
biological 407
chemical 407
material 407
Tracking equipment, patients, staff and documents 501
Traditional architectural design 548t
versus lean design 548
Training room 190, 192, 433, 527
Transesophageal echocardiography rooms 79
Transfusion transmissible disease
laboratory for 436
screening laboratory 340
Transmission control protocol 540
Transplant center, layout of 64f
Trauma care facility 166
core areas in 166
disaster planning in 174
Trauma operating room 172, 173
imaging systems in 173
lighting requirements in 173
robotic systems in 173
system in 173
Trauma resuscitation area 171, 171f
Treatment and diagnostic spaces 572
Treatment area 191
Treatment facility 453
Treatment planning
area 387f
room 100, 104
Treatment room 70, 101, 188, 191, 192, 307, 307f, 430, 453, 458
Triage and decontamination, space requirements for 418
Tungsten lighting 50
Typical COVID ward on evidence-based design 604f, 605f
U
Ultra clean ventilation canopy 257
Ultralow particulate air 329
Ultrasonography room 9, 31
Ultrasound 312, 433
room 9, 31f, 137f, 196, 196f, 317
Ultraviolet 129
germicidal irradiation 3, 3b, 227, 257, 257f, 375, 610, 611f
lamp 161f
radiation 26
Underwater delivery 12, 12f, 47
Uninterruptible power supply room 271
Unplanned envelope leakage 230
Upper-room ultraviolet system 612f
Urgent care
medicine 558
procedure room 560
Urgent care facilities 558, 559
care areas in 566t
design of 567f
reasons for proliferation of 558
Utilization factor 449
V
Value added services 57, 428
Value stream mapping 552
Variable air volume 227, 231
Vehicle decontamination area 418
Venovenous bypass machine 195
Ventilation 198, 351, 410, 458, 561
and lighting 343
development of 366
parameters 609
requirements 82
strategy 229, 229f
system used in hospitals
disadvantages of 620t
types of 620t
Vermin proofing, steps for 47
Vestibular function test room 451f, 456
Vibration isolation 328
Video conferencing units 509
recommended standards for 509
Virtual private network 577
Virtual reality room chromatography 440
Visitor's lounge 222
Visitors room 522
Visual and visuoperceptual considerations 363
Visual fields room 432
Visual management 554
Visual stimulation laboratory 437
and play-room 437
Vocational training 157
center 162f
department 162
Volatile organic compounds 621
W
Waiting area 30, 40, 96, 187, 190, 452, 457, 474, 522, 522f
guidelines of 146t
Waiting hall 158
Waiting spaces 136f
Waiting/refreshment area 187, 191
Wall protection 237f, 426, 426f
Wall thickness, basis of calculation of 96
Wall/ceiling finishes 400
Wall-mounted soap dispenser 192
Walls and floors, materials for 3b
Walls and wall protection 565
Walkways 366
Ward sister's office 190, 312
Ward
bubble diagram of 10f
lighting for 522
management system 578
unit 178
Warm water therapy pools 475
Washroom accessories 363
Waste
and materials, sterilization of 132
disposal 390
facilities 145
management 626
water, disposal of 409
Water
and steam supplies 50
closet 306, 452
distribution and storage 210
efficiency 489
faucets, proximity of outlets to 343
heating 532
saving devices 502
supply 178, 426
and pipework 198
treatment 206, 206f
Water treatment plant 198
and distribution system 210
room 192
Water treatment system 210f, 211f
technical design of 211
Wavelight refractive suite 433f
Wax bath 160f
Way finding and movement 496
Web services description language 540
Web-based laboratory information system flowchart 584fc
Weight measurement facility 2
Welded seam resilient flooring 299
Wellness 469
clinical and fitness component of 471f
hexagon of 467
Wellness center 466
design
guidelines 473
standards 479
evolution of 468
facilities for 481f
layout of 482f
need for 466fc
programming issues 469
Western commode 188
Wet laboratory 442
Wheelchair
hold 453
storage area 190, 191
Whirlpool spa 474f
Wide area network 540
Window 503
AC units, air pattern for 613f
Workload parameter calculation 208
X
X-ray
department, related area in 94
digitizer 508f
form 589, 594f
gown storage 307
machine 194
processing 517
room 9, 137f, 196
layout, guiding principle for 94
Y
YAG machine 436, 436f
×
Chapter Notes

Save Clear


Planning and Designing of Specialty Healthcare Facilities
Planning and Designing of Specialty Healthcare Facilities
Shakti Kumar Gupta MBBS MHA FNAMS FIMSA FIHE FAHA MACHE (USA) Medical Superintendent Dr RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India Lt Gen Sunil Kant, SM, VSM MBBS DIT MBA MHA MNAMS M Phil Director General Hospital Services (Armed Forces) Office of Director General Armed Forces Medical Services New Delhi, India Prof (Dr) R Chandrashekhar B Arch HFP PhD FIIA FIHE MAHA FIHEEM SFIGBC Chairman, IGBC Green Healthcare Rating Consultant- World Bank, Consultant- IUIH (Indo UK Institute of Health) Vice President RFHHA Vice President IBIMA (India BIM Association) Former Chief Architect, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India New Delhi, India
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
Headquarters
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
4838/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj
New Delhi 110 002, India
Phone: +91-11-43574357
Fax: +91-11-43574314
Overseas Offices
J.P. Medical Ltd
83 Victoria Street, London
SW1H 0HW (UK)
Phone: +44 20 3170 8910
Fax: +44 (0)20 3008 6180
© 2021, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
The views and opinions expressed in this book are solely those of the original contributor(s)/author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of editor(s) of the book.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers.
All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
Medical knowledge and practice change constantly. This book is designed to provide accurate, authoritative information about the subject matter in question. However, readers are advised to check the most current information available on procedures included and check information from the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose, formula, method and duration of administration, adverse effects and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner to take all appropriate safety precautions. Neither the publisher nor the author(s)/editor(s) assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from or related to use of material in this book.
This book is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in providing professional medical services. If such advice or services are required, the services of a competent medical professional should be sought.
Every effort has been made where necessary to contact holders of copyright to obtain permission to reproduce copyright material. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. The CD/DVD-ROM (if any) provided in the sealed envelope with this book is complimentary and free of cost. Not meant for sale.
Inquiries for bulk sales may be solicited at: jaypee@jaypeebrothers.com
Planning and Designing of Specialty Healthcare Facilities
First Edition: 2021
9789389188981
Printed at:
My Parents
for their guidance and moral support
My students - past, present and future and teachers
who always inspired me for academic excellence
My beautiful and brilliant wife Madhu
who provides me with unwavering love and support
Our affectionate daughter and Son-in-Law - Shilpa and Rachit
for their undaunting patience and understanding while I pursued my dreams
and our granddaughter, Nysha—our bundle of joy
Shakti Kumar Gupta
My wife, Sheeba
for being my steady anchor and omnipresent sublime loec
Our extraordinarily affectionate and supportive daughter,
Dakshita
and
The eternal memory and divine blessings of
my father, mother and brother
Lt Gen Sunil Kant, SM, VSM
My mother
for her constant encouragement and belief in me
Gowri, my ever supportive wife
for her patience and unflinching support through every stage of my life
My Son Saurabh and Gaurav
For their vital and thought stirring inputs
and moral support of my daughter in law Brinda
and my grandchildren Naina and Dhruv
and to the memory of my father
Prof (Dr) R Chandrashekhar
CONTRIBUTORS PREFACE
Hospitals today face rapidly changing population of patients with differing needs who require a range of new communication links that are transforming our concept of the hospital spaces and create a set of new and complex challenges for those delivering healthcare services. Hospital buildings may never be perfect as these are continuously impacted by resource availability, technological advancements, skills levels, user needs, and expectations of the society, various insurance models in vogue, government, and private stakeholder's priority to healthcare provisioning and the globalization. However, a well-designed hospital building enables the local acceptance and eases the process of securing planning permission.
Hospital needs to be cost-effective to build, run and maintain, support the organization's objectives well and offers an improved service to the user and make an impact on the community. Paradigm shift in the provisioning of healthcare services in terms of hospital stays, diagnostics and superspecialty care has led to the emergence of newer concepts such as Daycare, Integrated Care and standalone facilities with a resultant increase in both the need as well as demand of superspecialty healthcare facilities such as Hybrid OTs, Urgent Care Centers, Birthing Centers, Transplantation Centers and the like.
The authors as the teacher-medical administrator-architect trio have spent more than 30 years in the field of hospital administration, planning and designing of varied specialty and general hospitals and having published their research work profusely and written more than a dozen books on core areas of the specialty, including but not limited to different aspects, of hospital planning and management, feels obliged to share their knowledge, experiences and exposures. Writing is essential to disseminate evidence, share initiatives and innovations, to provide information about new dimensions to professionals to keep them updated. The authors have practiced a holistic and integrated approach to all facets related to the planning and designing of specialty healthcare facilities.
The book comprises 51 chapters. Chapters on Wellness Center, Green and Smart Hospitals, Telemedicine, Assisted Reproductive Technology Facility, Critical Care Unit, Sleep Center, Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology, Stem Cell Center and Facility for Robotic Surgery may be appropriately and optimally utilized as standalone or add on centers with existing healthcare institutions. Chapter 50 titled “COVID-19: Planning Premises and Design Considerations for Healthcare Facilities” incorporates metamorphic changes in the planning and designing of specialty healthcare facilities necessitated by the global emergence of COVID-19 disease. Last Chapter 51, “Laws Applicable to Hospitals” provides a comprehensive brief of the diverse legal and statutory norms applicable to hospitals.
This book is envisaged to be a useful guide and reference source and complement another title by the authors “Modern Trends in Planning and Designing of Hospitals—Principles and Practice”, that has already been a resource for policy makers, academicians, hospital planners, architects, administrators, clinicians, engineers and students associated with planning, designing, construction, maintenance and administration of hospitals. The book is intended to facilitate the planning and designing of new superspecialty hospitals and to steer a clear path for hospital administrators, planners and medical architects through the systems and processes that they need to understand as members of a team overseeing the planning of new hospital building projects, major refurbishment or remodeling of an existing hospital. It will aid the students of hospital administration and medical architecture to understand and implement the principles and practice of hospital planning and designing. It will also be of great relevance to architects unfamiliar with hospital building requirements.
Although, we have many expert colleagues who helped us with sourcing, writing and structuring the material but we wish to greatly acknowledge the contributions of Ar. Subodh Malasi who developed and fine-tuned CADD Line diagrams for various chapters. We sincerely appreciate the valuable inputs, encouragement, guidance and support of Group Chairman of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Pvt Ltd, Mr Jitendar P Vij and acknowledge the exemplary commitment and professionalism of his team.
The authors welcome the suggestions and feedback of our esteemed and revered readers which will definitely aid in further improving and enriching the subsequent editions of this book.
Shakti Kumar Gupta
Sunil Kant
R Chandrashekhar
ABBREVIATIONS A&E
: Accident and Emergency
AASM
: American Academy of Sleep Medicine
AAUCM
: American Academy of Urgent Care Medicine
ABG
: Arterial Blood Gas
ABS
: Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
ACC
: American College of Cardiology
ACH
: Air Changes per hour
ACRS
: Advisory Committee on Radiological Safety
ACSCOT
: American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma
ADL
: Activities of Daily Living
ADT
: Admission, Discharge, Transfer
AERB
: Atomic Energy Regulatory Board
AFM
: Atomic Force Microscope
AGVs
: Automated-guided Vehicles
AHA
: America Heart Association
AHRs
: Animal Housing Rooms
AHU
: Air Handling Unit
AI
: Artificial Intelligence
AIA
: American Institute of Architects
AID
: Artificial Insemination with Donor
AIHA
: America Industrial Hygiene Association
All
: Airborne Infection Isolation
ALOE
: Average Length of Encounter
ANSI
: American National Standards Institute
ART
: Assisted Reproductive Technology
ASHRAE
: American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineer
ASRM
: American Society for Reproductive Medicine
ATS
: Automatic Transfer Switches
AVMs
: Arteriovenous Malformations
BAL
: Bronchoalveolar Lavage
BARC
: Bhabha Atomic Research Center
BAS
: Building Automation Systems
BBV
: Blood Borne Viral
BHU
: Bed Head Unit
BIM
: Building Information Modelling
BIPV
: Building Integrated Photovoltaics
BMBL
: Biosafety in Microbiology and Biomedical Laboratories
BMD
: Bone Mineral Density
BMI
: Body Mass Index
BMS
: Building Management System
BOS
: Building Operating System
BRDAB
: Bariatric Room Design Advisory Board
BREEAM
: Building Research Establishment Environment Assessment Method
BSS
: Basic Safety Standards
CASBEE
: Comprehensive Assessment System of Building Environmental Efficiency
CBCT
: Cone Beam Computed Tomography
CBRN
: Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear
CCA
: Critical Care Anaesthesia
CCRAS
: Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Shiddha
CCRH
: Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy
CCRUM
: Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine
CCRYN
: Central Council for Research in Yoga and Naturopathy
CCU
: Critical Care Unit
CDC
: Center for Disease Control
CFC
: Chloro Floro Carbon
CFM
: Cubic Feet per Minute
CII
: Confederation of Indian Industry
CKD
: Chronic Kidney Disease
CLIA
: Chemiluminescence Immunoassay
CNG
: Compressed Natural Gas
COC
: Chain of Custody
CPAP
: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
CPM
: Continuous Passive Motion
CRI
: Color Rendering Index
CSICU
: Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit
CSSD
: Central Sterile Services Department
CT
: Computed Tomography
CTVS
: Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery
CVD
: Cardiovascular Disease
CWS
: Clinic Workstation
DA
: Differently Abled
DDC
: Direct Digital Control
DDLT
: Dead Donor Liver Transplantation
DGCA
: Director General of Civil Aviation
DI
: Deionization
DICOM
: Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
DIS
: Diagnostic Information System
DM
: Disaster Management
DMSO
: Di Methyl Sulfoxide
DNA
: Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DVT
: Deep Vein Thrombosis
DXA/DEXA
: Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
EBD
: Evidence-based Design
ECA
: Essential Complementary Accommodation
ECBC
: Energy Conservation Building Code
ECG
: Electrocardiography
ECT
: Electro convulsive Therapy
ED
: Emergency Department
ELISA
: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
EMCAPS
: Emergency Mass Casualty Assessment and Planning Scenario
EMG
: Electromyography
EMR
: Electronic Medical Record
EMS
: Equipment Maintenance System
ENT
: Ear, Nose and Throat
EPS
: Electrophysiological Studies
ESCs
: Embryonic Stem Cells
ESHRE
: European Society of Human Reproductive and Embryology
ESS
: Epworth Sleeping Scale, Electric Substation
ESWL
: Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy
FCU
: Fan Coil Units
FEMS
: Federal Emergency Management Series
FGI
: Facility Guidelines Institute
FISH
: Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization
FNAC
: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
FSC
: Forest Stewardship Council
FTIR
: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
GA
: General Anesthesia
GC
: Gas Chromatography
GE
: Gastroenterology
GFCLs
: Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters
GIFT
: Gamete Intrafallopian Tube Transfer
GLP
: Good Laboratory Practice
GMP
: Good Manufacturing Process
GRIHA
: Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment
HACs
: Housekeeping Aides Closets
HAI
: Hospital Acquired Infection
HBOT
: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
HBV
: Hepatitis B Virus
HCG
: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
HD
: Hemodialysis
HDR
: High Dose Rate
HDU
: High Dependency Unit
HEPA
: High Efficiency Particulate Arrestance
HEPA-MD
: High Efficiency Particulate Arrestance Microbial Destruction
HER
: Electronic Health Record
HID
: High Intensive Discharge
HLA
: Human Leukocyte Antigen
HMIS
: Hospital Management Information System
HOST
: Hypo-osmotic Swelling Test
HPL
: High Pressure Laminates
hPSC
: Human pluripotent stem cell
HSCT
: Hematopoietic System Cell Transplant
HSDU
: Hospital Sterilization and Decontamination Unit
HTK
: Histidine Tryptophan Ketoglutarate
HVAC
: Heating, ventilating and air conditioning
IBD
: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
IBMS
: Integrated Building Management System
ICF
: International Classification of Functioning
ICM
: Inner Cell Mass
ICMR
: Indian Council of Medical Research
ICP
: Inductively Coupled Plasma
ICPD
: International Conference on Population and Development
ICSI
: Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection
ICT
: Information and Communication Technologies
ICU
: Intensive Care Unit
IED
: Improvised Explosive Device
IFFS
: International Federation of Fertility Societies
IGBC
: Indian Green Building Council
IMV
: Intubation Mechanical Ventilation
IOT
: Internet of Things
IPD
: In-Door Patient Department
IPHS
: Indian Public Health Standards
IPL
: Intense Pulse Light
IPSCs
: Induct Pluripotent Stem Cells
ISMH
: Indian System of Medicine and Homeopathy
IT
: Information Technology
IUI
: Intrauterine Insemination
IVF
: In Vitro Fertilization
JIT
: Just in Time
KMC
: Kangaroo Mother Care
LAN
: Local Area Network
LCA
: Life Cycle Analysis
LDLT
: Living Donor Liver Transplantation
LDRP
: Labor, Delivery, Recovery and Postpartum
LEED
: Leadership In Energy and Environmental Design
LIS
: Laboratory Information System
M2M
: Machine to Machine
MAR
: Medicine Administration Record
MARS
: Molecular Adsorbent Recycling System
MHUs
: Mobile Health Units
MIP
: Maximal Implantation Potential
MIS
: Management Information System
MLOP
: Mid Level Ophthalmic Personnel
MPI
: Master Patent Index
MRD
: Medical Records Department
MRI
: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MS
: Mass Spectrometry
MSSO
: Medical Social Service Officer
NBC
: Nuclear, Biological or Chemical
NDMA
: National Disaster Management Authority
NICU
: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
NIH
: National Institute of Health
NIMHANS
: National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences
NIV
: Non Invasive Ventilation
NMR
: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
NOC
: No Objection Certificate
NPCB & VI
: National Programme for Control of Blindness and Visual Impairment
NPHCE
: National Programme for Health Care of Elderly
NREM
: Non-rapid Eye Movement
NRHM
: National Rural Health Mission
NSF
: Net Square Feet
NSIC
: National Spinal Injuries Centre
NSM
: Net Square Meter
NST
: Non Stress Test
NVR
: Network Video Recording
O&M
: Operation and Maintenance
OEM
: Original Equipment Manufacture
OES
: Occupational Exposure Standard
OPC
: Ordinary Portland Cement
OPD
: Outpatient Department
Ors
: Operating Rooms
OSA
: Obstructive Sleep Apnea
OSHA
: Occupational Safety & Health Administration
OSP
: Other Service Provider
OT
: Operation Theatre
PAC
: Preanaesthesia Check-up
PACG
: Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma
PACS
: Picture Archive and Communication System
PAI
: Percutaneous Alcohol Injection
PBPU
: Prefabricated Beside Patient Unit
PBT
: Persistent, Bio-Accumulative and Toxic
PCIs
: Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
PCR
: Polymerase Chain Reaction
PD
: Peritoneal Dialysis
PDF
: Portable Document Format
PESA
: Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration
PET
: Positron Emission Tomography
PFT
: Positron Function Testing
PGD
: Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
PHAMA
: Patient Handling and Movement Assessment
PHI
: Photo Hydro Ionization
PM
: Preventive Maintenance
PMR
: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
PNC
: Post Natal Clinical
PPE
: Personal Protective Equipment
PPP
: Public Private Partnership
PRD
: Patient Relation Department
PVC
: Poly vinyl chloride
PVD
: Physical Vapor Deposition
PVDF
: Poly Vinyli Dence Fluoride
PZD
: Partial Zona Dissection
QTLYs
: Quality Adjusted Life Years
REM
: Rapid Eye Movement
RF
: Radio Frequency
RFA
: Radio Frequency Ablation
RFID
: Radio Frequency Identification
RIA
: Radio Immuno Assay
RICU
: Respiratory Intensive Care Unit
RIS
: Radiology Information System
RME
: Reusable Medical Equipment
RO
: Reverse Osmosis
RPR
: Radiation Protection Rules
RSD
: Radiological Safety Officer
RTIs
: Reproductive Tract Infections
RT-PCR
: Reverse Transcription Polymerase increase Chain Reaction
SBS
: Sick Building Syndrome
SCMT
: Sperm Cervical Mucus Test
SIC
: Spinal Injury Centre
SNVT
: Standard Network Variable Types
SOPs
: Standard Operating Procedures
SPD
: Supply, Processing and Distribution
SRR
: Skylight to Roof Ratio
SRS
: Stereotactic Radio Surgery
STM
: Scanning Tunneling Microscope
SUZI
: Sub Zonal Insemination
SV
: Sheet Vinyl
SVS
: Society of Vascular Surgery
SWL
: Safe Working Load
TB
: Tuberculosis
TBI
: Total Body Irradiation
TCA
: Tri Chloroacetic Acid
TCC
: Tele Consulting Center
TDS
: Total Dissolved Solids
TECAB
: Total Endoscopic Coronary Artery Bypass
TEEs
: Tran esophageal Echocardiograms
TENS
: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
TESA
: Testicular Sperm Aspiration
TET
: Tubal Embryo Transfer
TIM
: Toxic Industrial Material
TLD
: Thermo Luminescent Dosimetry
TRAMAH
: Trauma Resource Allocation Model for Ambulances and Hospitals
TSC
: Tele Specialist Centre
TVOR
: Trans Vaginal Oocyte Retrieval
TVS
: Trans Vaginal Sonography
UCAoA
: Urgent Care Association of America
UCV
: Ultra Clean Ventilation
UDIFI
: Urban Development Plans Formulation and Implementation
ULPA
: Ultra Low Particulate Air
UPS
: Uninterruptible Power Supply
USG
: Ultrasonography
USGBC
: United State Green Building Council
UV
: Ultraviolet
UVGI
: Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation
VAS
: Value Added Services
VAV
: Variable Air Value
VCF
: Urgent Care Facilities
VCT
: Vinyl Composite tile
VDP
: Visual Display Terminal
VOCs
: Volatile Organic Compounds
VPN
: Virtual Private Network
VSDs
: Ventricular Septal Defects
VZV
: Varicella Zoster Virus
WCs
: Water Closets
WHB
: Wash Hand Basin
WHO
: World Health Organization
WRIS
: Water Resources Information System
WWR
: Window to Wall Ratio
ZIFR
: Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer