The Short Textbook of PEDIATRICS
IN THEIR ESTEEMED OPINION...
Prof NS Tibrewala (Mumbai) | : “... occupies pride of the place as a standard textbook... an indispensable companion...” |
Prof PM Udani (Mumbai) | : “An essential reading... a nice work.” |
Prof NR Bhandari (Bhopal) | : “A great gift to the students, both undergraduates and postgraduates.” |
Prof DG Benakappa (Bengaluru) | : “Very comprehensive and up-to-date... highly recommended.” |
Prof N Sundravalli (Chennai) | : “A work of special merit.” |
Prof AB Desai (Ahmedabad) | : “...effectively worded and illustrated, and of great value.” |
Prof K Indira Bai (Annamalai) | : “Comprehensive... extremely well written... ideal... strongly recommended.” |
Prof Meharban Singh (Noida) | : “Very informative.” |
Prof GP Mathur (Kanpur) | : “Very useful for undergraduates, postgraduates and practitioners.” |
Prof PK Misra (Lucknow) | : “A very nice comprehensive textbook.” |
Prof K Kalra (Agra) | : “Strongly recommended to undergraduates and postgraduates.” |
Prof Pinaki Banerjee (Kolkata) | : “A very comprehensive book... ideal for students.” |
Prof SS Deshmukh (Nagpur) | : “...fulfills a long awaited need... wonderful... very comprehensive.” |
Prof Rafiq Ahmed (Kolkata) | : “A book of outstanding merit.” |
Prof KPS Sinha (Patna) | : “A fine and appreciable work... clinical approach is commendable.” |
Prof SK Khetarpal (Amritsar) | : “Concise, comprehensive, up-to-date and to the point....” |
Prof PS Mathur (Gwalior) | : “Warmly recommended.” |
Prof P Chaturvedi (Sewagram) | : “Very helpful to students.” |
Prof Birendra Kumar (Darbhanga) | : “A really very useful and precise volume for students.” |
Prof BK Garg (Meerut) | : “Ideal for students.” |
Prof Shanta Karup (Kottayam) | : “A very good work.” |
Prof Ananthakrishna (Chennai) | : “Excellent... covers every aspect of pediatrics.” |
Prof NB Mathur (Sewagram) | : “Highly useful... strongly recommended.” |
Prof AK Dikshit (Jamshedpur) | : “The book fulfills a very long-standing need.” |
Prof AV Ramana (Warangal) | : “Very useful for students as well as practitioners.” |
Prof SP Srivastava (Patna) | : “Very up-to-date, comprehensive and appropriate for our students, both under- and postgraduates.....” |
Prof Neetu Raizada (Ludhiana) | : “A highly recommended state-of-the-art textbook... an essential reading.” |
Prof B Sharda (Udaipur) | : “Most comprehensive and state-of-the-art textbook...” |
Prof Madhuri Kulkarni (Mumbai) | : “... tailor-made to the needs of the students.” |
Prof A Parthasarathy (Chennai) | : “A prototype of Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics.... modelled as per requirements in India...” |
Prof AM Sur (Nagpur) | : “... a boon for pediatric scholars in India in particular... warmly recommended.” |
Prof Utpal Kant Singh (Patna) | : “... profusely illustrated, clinical-oriented, most up-to-date and ideal to meet the needs of students in India in particular.” |
Prof BS Prajapati (Ahmedabad) | : “An essential reading for all students of pediatrics... carries valuable information including much-sought-after statistical data... useful for teachers too.” |
Prof VN Tripathi (Kanpur) | : “A meritorious work... most suitable for undergraduates in particular and postgraduates in general.” |
Prof Javed Chowdhary (Srinagar) | : “A textbook of extraordinary merit... An essential reading for the undergraduates as well as postgraduates...” |
Prof Masood-ul-Hassan (Srinagar) | : “Most up-to-date, well-illustrated, clinical-oriented, very comprehensive and student-friendly textbook... warmly recommended.” |
Prof Praveen C Sobti (Ludhiana) | : “For nearly 4 decades, Dr Suraj Gupte's textbook has been popular with undergraduates and postgraduates alike. The book contains all that the students need to know about common childhood illnesses in the developing world. It is a thoroughly readable book.” |
Prof Vijay Sharma (Shimla) | : “A highly recommended textbook of pediatrics...” |
Prof DB Sharma (Jammu) | : “Tailor-made for the needs of students in India... strongly recommended.” |
Prof (Col) VS Puri (Jammu) | : “An outstanding clinical-oriented textbook... most useful... warmly recommended.” |
Prof Pankaj Abrol (Rohtak) | : “A very comprehensive and up-to-date textbook of Pediatrics... a nice Indian response to Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics... can easily compete with best textbooks of pediatrics... A “must” for all students of pediatrics in India.” |
Prof MMA Faridi (Delhi) | : “There are many books around in the specialty but The Short Textbook of Pediatrics is unique... it makes the subject easy, interesting and understandable.” |
Prof Rekha Harish (Jammu) | : “This textbook of extraordinary merit eminently meets the requirements of students, especially the undergraduates, and is warmly recommended...” |
Prof B Vishnu Bhat (Puducherry) | : “Well-written book covering all information needed by undergraduates and postgraduates in pediatrics. Good reference book for practicing pediatricians as well...” |
Prof Ajay Gaur (Gwalior) | : “…a genuinely good book for the undergraduate and postgraduate students with the expertise of eminent academicians… The contents are well presented in a uniform style and in keeping with the standard protocols and guidelines.....” |
Prof Ghanshyam Saini (Jammu) | : “…an extraordinary work... a very useful tool for the undergraduates, postgraduates and academicians.” |
Prof RK Gupta (Jammu) | : “An excellent textbook, full of latest updates… unique in itself, providing concise but comprehensive information…. invaluable in pediatric education for the undergraduates and postgraduates.” |
Prof E Chen (Malaysia) | : “A complete textbook on tropical pediatrics… a “must possession” by each and every student of pediatrics in the region.” |
Prof Shaukat Sidiqui (Pakistan) | : “Most valuable for the pediatric UGs, PGs, teaching faculty and practicing pediatricians as also for the GPs treating infants, children and adolescents in the subcontinent…” |
Prof RN Koirala (Nepal) | : “An exceptionally useful textbook of pediatrics, eminently meeting the needs of our students and their teachers… most suitable for our settings.” |
Prof JE Jaywardne (Sri Lanka) | : “A warmly recommended pediatric textbook, focusing exactly on what is needed by our medical students, emerging pediatricians and teachers…” |
Prof AQ Bhashani (Bangladesh) | : “The textbook is a spotlight on everything that we need to teach our students of pediatrics in Bangladesh and neighboring countries…” |
Prof Panna Choudhury (New Delhi) | : “A pediatric textbook of extraordinary merit and value… highly recommended…” |
Prof Najma Khan (Maryland) | : “A treat to go through the excellent text and illustrations, especially diseases prevalent in the underprivileged… a superb textbook.” |
Prof RA Anderson (London) | : “... unique textbook with down-to-earth clinical-orientation,.... wealth of up-to-date knowledge... ideal for students and scholars interested in child health and disease in resource-poor settings.” |
Prof Anupam Gandhi (Johannesburg) | : “A commendable cocktail of excellence and much-needed information presented in a most palatable manner... strongly recommended book.” |
Prof WE Peterson (London) | : “A boon for the undergraduates... provides enough useful material for the PGs and practitioners of child health and disease.” |
Prof MK Mukherjee (Kolkata) | : “... the textbook provides everything the students of pediatrics need. Strongly recommended.” |
The Short Textbook of PEDIATRICS
Incorporating National and International Recommendations (MCI, IAP, NNF, WHO, UNICEF, CDC, IPA, ISTP, AAP, etc.)
Thirteenth Edition
Edited by
Suraj Gupte MD FIAP FSAMS (Sweden) FRSTMH (London)
Professor and Head (Emeritus) Postgraduate Department of Pediatrics Mamata Medical College/Mamata General and Superspeciality Hospitals Khammam, Telangana, South India E-mail: drsurajgupte@gmail.com Website: www.drsurajgupte.com
Honorary Director: Pediatric Education Network
Editor: Recent Advances in Pediatrics (Series), Textbooks of Pediatric Emergencies, Neonatal Emergencies and Pediatric Nutrition, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Perspectives in Influenza, Influenza: Complete Spectrum, Case-based Reviews in Pediatric Emergencies, Clinical Problem Solving in Neonatal Emergencies and Intensive Care, Long and Short Cases in Pediatrics, etc.
Author: Differential Diagnosis in Pediatrics, Instructive Case Studies in Pediatrics, Pediatric Drug Directory, Nutrition in Neonatal ICU, Speaking of Child Care
Co-editor: Asian Journal of Maternity and Child Health (Manila, Philippines)
Section and Guest Editor: Pediatric Today (New Delhi)
Editorial Advisor: Asian Journal of Pediatric Practice (New Delhi)
Editorial Advisory Board Member/Reviewer: EC Paediatrics (London), Indian Journal of Pediatrics (New Delhi), Indian Pediatrics (New Delhi), Synopsis (Detroit, USA), Indian Journal of Child Health (Bhopal), International Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Transplant and Nutrition (Jaipur), Maternal and Child Nutrition (Preston, UK), Journal of Infectious Diseases (Turkey), etc.
Examiner: National Board of Examinations (NBE) for DNB, New Delhi; All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh; Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar; Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), New Delhi; The Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University (Chennai), NTR University of Health Sciences (Vijayawada) and several other universities.
Pediatric Faculty Selection Expert: All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Punjab Public Service Commission, Jammu and Kashmir Public Service Commission, Union Public Service Commission, etc.
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
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© 2020, Novy Gupte & Manu Gupte, Executive Editors
The views and opinions expressed in this book are solely those of the original contributor (s)/author (s) and do not necessarily represent those of editor (s) of the book.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers/editors.
All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
Medical knowledge and practice change constantly. This book is designed to provide accurate, authoritative information about the subject matter in question. However, readers are advised to check the most current information available on procedures included and check information from the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose, formula, method and duration of administration, adverse effects and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner to take all appropriate safety precautions. Neither the publisher nor the author (s)/editor (s) assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from or related to use of material in this book.
This book is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in providing professional medical services. If such advice or services are required, the services of a competent medical professional should be sought.
Every effort has been made where necessary to contact holders of copyright to obtain permission to reproduce copyright material. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. The CD/DVD-ROM (if any) provided in the sealed envelope with this book is complimentary and free of cost. Not meant for sale .
Inquiries for bulk sales may be solicited at: jaypee@jaypeebrothers.com
The Short Textbook of Pediatrics
First Edition: 1977
Second Edition: 1979
Third Edition: 1982
Fourth Edition: 1983
Fifth Edition: 1985
Sixth Edition: 1989
Seventh Edition: 1995
Eighth Edition: 1998
Ninth (Millennium) Edition: 2001
Tenth (Silver Jubilee) Edition: 2004
Eleventh (Fourth Decade of Publication) Edition: 2009
Twelfth Edition: 2016
Thirteenth Edition: 2020
9789389587067
Printed at
The fond memory of my parents
whose inspiration, motivation, blessings
and moral support continue to contribute a great
deal to my academic endeavors
and
everybody striving to contribute to child health
and welfare for a brighter future
globally.
- Kaisar Ahmed
- Professor and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- Government Medical College and Associated Hospitals
- Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Ch 23: Intrauterine Infections (Congenital Infections, TORCH Infections)
- Zahida Akhtar
- Senior Fellow
- Division of Tropical Diseases
- State University of New York
- Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Ch 22: Helminthic Infections and Infestations
- Farooq Amaan
- Senior Consultant
- Division of Infectious Diseases
- State University of New York
- Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Ch 18: Viral Infections
- RA Anderson
- Professor and Chief
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health London, UK
- Ch 27: Gastroenterology
- Ch 28: Hepatology and Pancreatology
- G Arpitha
- Assistant Professor (Ex)
- Postgraduate Department of Pediatrics
- Mamata Medical College/Mamata General and Superspeciality Hospitals
- Khammam, Telangana, India
- Ch 33: Nephrology
- Lalita Bahl
- Professor and Head (Ex)
- Department of Pediatrics
- Indira Gandhi Medical College
- Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Ch 16: Fluids, Electrolytes and Acid-base Balance and Disturbances
- Harmesh Singh Bains
- Professor and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- Dayanand Medical College (DMC) and Hospital
- Ludhiana, Punjab, India
- Ch 25: Fever Spectrum
- Surya Bhan
- Professor and Head (Ex)
- Department of Orthopedics
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
- New Delhi, India
- Ch 45: Orthopedic Problems
- B Vishnu Bhat
- Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences
- Puducherry, India
- Ch 17: Neonatology
- Ch 31: Neuromuscular Disorders
- Piyali Bhattacharya
- Pediatric Consultant
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences
- Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Ch 7: Adolescent Medicine
- Ch 9: Community Pediatrics
- Jagdish Chandra
- Professor (Ex)
- Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital
- Lady Hardinge Medical College
- New Delhi, India
- Ch 34: Hematology
- Rajib Chatterjee
- Professor and Unit Head
- Incharge Neonatology
- Department of Pediatrics
- Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences
- Loni, Maharashtra, India
- Ch 17: Neonatology
- Bhavana B Chowdhary
- Assistant Professor
- School of Medical Studies
- Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Ch 30: Neurology
- Edwin Dias
- Professor and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS)
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Ch 56: Accidental Poisoning
- S Frank
- Professor and Head
- Department of Immunology and Genetics
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health
- London, UK
- Ch 36: Immunology
- Ch 37: Human Genetics
- Ch 38: Inborn Errors of Metabolism
- Ajay Gaur
- Professor and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- GR Medical College
- Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Ch 21: Protozoal Infections and Infestations
- Karambir S Gill
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Dayanand Medical College and Hospital
- Ludhiana, Punjab, India
- Ch 52: Shock
- EM Gomez
- Clinical Professor and Chief
- Department of Infant and Child Nutrition
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health
- London, UK
- Ch 3: Normal Growth
- Ch 4: Growth Disorders
- Ch 5: Development
- Ch 12: Infant and Young Child Feeding
- Ch 13: Malnutrition (Undernutrition, Protein-energy Malnutrition)
- AM Graham
- Clinical Professor
- Center for Hemato-oncology
- Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ch 35: Oncology
- Anil Grover
- Professor and Head (Ex)
- Department of Cardiology
- NIMS University
- Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Ch 29: Cardiology
- Sheffali Gulati
- Chief
- Child Neurology Division
- Department of Pediatrics
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
- New Delhi, India
- Ch 30: Neurology
- Anumodan Gupta
- Pediatric Consultant
- Government Hospital
- Gandhi Nagar, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Ch 48: Laboratory Procedures
- Devendra K Gupta
- Professor and Head (Ex)
- Department of Pediatric Surgery
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
- New Delhi, India
- Ch 44: Surgical Problems
- Ravinder K Gupta
- Professor and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical
- Sciences and Hospital
- Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Ch 19: Bacterial Infections
- Ch 47: Practical Procedures
- Novy Gupte
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Pharmacology
- Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences
- Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Ch 24: Nosocomial, Anaerobic and Opportunistic Infections
- Ch 61: Rational Drug Therapy
- Ch 62: Drug Dosages
- Suraj Gupte
- Professor and Head (Emeritus)
- Postgraduate Department of Pediatrics
- Mamata Medical College/Mamata General and Superspeciality Hospitals
- Khammam, Telangana, South India
- All Chapters as Senior or Co-author except: Ch 50-54, 58, 59
- Gagan Hans
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Psychiatry
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- New Delhi, India
- Ch 5: Development
- Ch 6: Developmental, Behavioral and Psychiatric Disorders
- Meera Hussain
- Senior Fellow in Infectious Diseases
- Harvard Medical School
- Boston, USA
- Ch 20: Fungal Infections
- Vandana Jain
- Additional Professor
- Department of Endocrinology
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- New Delhi, India
- Ch 32: Endocrinology
- BP Karunakara
- Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- MS Ramaiah Medical College/Teaching Hospital
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Ch 29: Cardiology
- Nancy Kennedy
- Assistant Professor in Immunology
- Institute of Child Health and Adolescence
- London, UK
- Ch 24: Nosocomial, Anaerobic and Opportunistic Infections
- William Kliegman
- Associate Professor of Infectious Diseases
- Harvard Medical School
- Boston, USA
- Ch 19: Bacterial Infections
- AW Koff
- Senior Professor
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health
- London, UK
- Ch 32: Endocrinology
- ML Kulkarni
- Professor and Head (Ex)
- Department of Pediatrics
- JJM Medical College
- Davangere, Karnataka, India
- Ch 36: Immunology
- Saroj Kumar
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Nalanda Medical College and Hospital
- Patna, Bihar, India
- Ch 50: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
- Ch 51: Mechanical Ventilation
- Shaveta Kundra
- Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- ESIC Model Hospital
- Ludhiana, Punjab, India
- Ch 9: Community Pediatrics
- GS Latha
- Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- JJM Medical College
- Davangere, Karnataka, India
- Ch 39: Rheumatology
- Rita Menon
- Consultant in Respiratory Diseases
- Department of Pediatrics
- UBC Faculty of Medicine
- British Colombia, Canada
- Ch 26: Pulmonology
- NK Nagpal
- Professor
- Department of Dental and Orofacial Surgery
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health
- London, UK
- Ch 43: Dental Problems
- Juhi Naidu
- Assistant Professor
- Pediatric Intensive Care
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Ch 49: Critically-sick Child: An Approach
- NE Parsons
- Clinical Professor and Head
- Department of Dermatology
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health
- London, UK
- Ch 40: Dermatologic Problems
- Shruti Patil
- Associate Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- MS Ramaiah Medical College/Teaching Hospital
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Ch 29: Cardiology
- Ashok Patwari
- Professor and Head (Ex)
- Department of Pediatrics
- Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research
- Delhi, India
- Ch 27: Gastroenterology
- Puneet A Pooni
- Professor and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- Dayanand Medical College and Hospital
- Ludhiana, Punjab, India
- Ch 52: Shock
- SS Prakash
- Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- JJM Medical College
- Davangere, Karnataka, India
- Ch 62: Drug Dosages
- Rajniti Prasad
- Professor and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- Banaras Hindu University (BHU)
- Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Ch 53: Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- Ch 54: Respiratory Failure
- KV Raghava Rao
- Principal
- MediCiti Institute of Medical Sciences
- Ghanpur, Medchal Mandal
- Ranga Reddy, Telangana, India
- Ch 24: Nosocomial, Anaerobic and Opportunistic Infections
- Ch 57: Envenomation
- VM Rao
- Principal
- RVS Institute of Medical Sciences
- Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Ch 42: Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Problems
- Sahitya Reddy
- Fellow in Emergency Pediatrics
- Advanced Pediatric Center
- Liverpool, UK
- Ch 55: Drowning and Submersion Injury
- AK Sahni
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Adolescent Medicine
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health London, UK
- Ch 7: Adolescent Medicine
- Ghanshyam Saini
- Professor and Head
- Postgraduate Department of Pediatrics
- Government Medical College
- Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Ch 48: Laboratory Procedures
- Rita Scott
- Senior Research Fellow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- St Louis Children's Hospital
- St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Ch 23: Intrauterine Infections (Congenital Infections, TORCH Infections)
- DM Sharma
- Professor, Department of Rheumatology
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health
- London, UK
- Ch 39: Rheumatology
- Monika Sharma
- Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Christian Medical College and Hospital
- Ludhiana, Punjab, India
- Ch 6: Developmental, Behavioral and Psychiatric Disorders
- RM Shore
- Professor and Head
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology
- Department of Nephrology
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health
- London, UK
- Ch 33: Nephrology
- MAM Siddiq
- Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Mamata Medical College/Mamata General and Superspeciality Hospitals
- Khammam, Telangana, India
- Ch 16: Fluid, Electrolytes and Acid-base Balance and Disturbances
- Farooq Ahmed Siddiqui
- Senior Fellow
- Division of Emergency and Intensive Care
- Hospital for Sick Children
- Sydney, Australia
- Ch 58: Blood Component Therapy
- Ch 59: Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Ch 60: Dialysis
- Saira Bhatt Siddiqui
- Fellow
- Department of Pediatrics
- Hospital for Sick Children
- Sydney, Australia
- Ch 58: Blood Component Therapy
- Ch 59: Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Ch 60: Dialysis
- Daljit Singh
- Principal (Ex)
- Dayanand Medical College and Hospital
- Ludhiana, Punjab, India
- Ch 26: Pulmonology
- L Ranbir Singh
- Professor and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- Regional Institute of Medical Sciences
- Imphal, Manipur, India
- Ch 18: Viral Infections
- Ch 30: Neurology
- Tejinder Singh
- Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Christian Medical College and Hospital
- Ludhiana, Punjab, India
- Ch 6: Developmental, Behavioral and Psychiatric Disorders
- Ch 9: Community Pediatrics
- Utpal Kant Singh
- Professor and Head (Ex)
- Department of Pediatrics
- Nalanda Medical College and Hospital
- Patna, Bihar, India
- Ch 20: Fungal Infections
- Ch 22: Helminthic Infections and Infestations
- Ch 25: Fever Spectrum
- Ch 53: Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- Ch 54: Respiratory Failure
- Rita Smith
- Director-Professor of Pediatrics
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health
- Executive Director-General
- Child Health Study Group
- London, UK
- Ch 2: Pediatric History Taking and Physical (Clinical) Examination
- Praveen Sobti
- Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Christian Medical College and Hospital
- Ludhiana, Punjab, India
- Ch 34: Hematology
- G Somaiah
- Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Mamata Medical College/ Mamata General and Superspeciality
- Hospitals
- Khammam, Telangana, India
- Ch 8: Pediatric-related Biostatistics
- Ch 41: Ophthalmic Problems
- Ch 42: Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Problems
- Ch 43: Dental Problems
- Tanu Subramanyam
- Fellow
- Division of Infectious Disease
- School of Tropical Medicine
- Liverpool, UK
- Ch 21: Protozoal Infections and Infestations
- Satish K Tiwari
- Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- PDM Medical College
- Amravati, Maharashtra, India
- Ch 12: Infant and Young Child Feeding
- Shashi Vani
- Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics
- PS Medical College
- Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India
- Ch 11: Nutritional Requirements
- Ch 17: Neonatology
- Vijay Wali
- Professor and Head (Ex)
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Government Medical College and Associated Hospitals
- Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Ch 41: Ophthalmic Problems
To be invited to write a Foreword for a book from which one has learnt and gained knowledge, especially when it is authored by a humble, down-to-earth and inspiring authority, is like a dream come true. Just imagine my reaction when I received a call from the one and only one, Dr Suraj Gupte, asking me to write the Foreword for the 13th edition of the time-honored The Short Textbook of Pediatrics. It was nothing short of a pleasant surprise filled with humility. I vividly recall studying Dr Suraj Gupte's textbook and other books during my undergraduate and postgraduate years and, later, urging my students to learn and gain knowledge from his books which are mercifully updated edition after edition.
Having gone through the draft chapters, I can say that the 13th edition of The Short Textbook of Pediatrics is simply “marvelous”! The book provides much sought-after state-of-the-art clinical knowledge in child health and disease. The contents are presented in a lucid and easy-to-understand format, using a large number of illustrations (including algorithms, photographs, diagrams, etc.), boxes and tables which are clinically oriented with data relevant to the Indian subcontinent.
Notably, a number of my students have also appreciated the simple and lucid way in which this unique book tackles some of the most complex concepts in pediatrics. They often ask: “When knowledge can be made so simple to gain, why doesn't everyone teach us in this manner?” My conviction is that such a methodology of teaching and putting forth of ideas can only come to experts having a vision and crystal-clear thinking process. Hats off to Dr Suraj Gupte and his entire team of contributors as well as the executive editors for falling under that special category.
Furthermore, a journey through various previous editions of this student-friendly textbook has given me the insight that, with each edition, there is a considerable improvement in all areas. Not only does this include the latest updates in the field of pediatrics but also ensures that each chapter is easily understandable and retainable. To keep coming up with continually excellent reading material every few years is no easy feat. It takes a highly dedicated and passionate team to produce such results time after time repeatedly.
I am certain that the new edition of the versatile The Short Textbook of Pediatrics will find its place in the academic life of a lot many undergraduate and postgraduate students, junior pediatricians, pediatric teachers, practicing pediatricians and physicians whose practice involves children as well.
Finally, I thank Dr Suraj Gupte for giving me such a huge honour. May he and his efficient team of passionate expert contributors and executive editors continue enriching our academic lives with their expertise, knowledge and wisdom.
Dr Bakul Jayant Parekh
National President (2020)
Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP)
Preface to the Thirteenth Edition
We are most delighted to present to our readers the much-awaited 13th edition of The Short Textbook of Pediatrics to keep up with the huge advances in the field of child health and disease. The textbook, the first from the Indian subcontinent, has been successfully imparting knowledge of pediatrics ever since 1977 when it was first released by the President of the International Pediatric Association (IPA), Professor Ihsan Dogramaci, during the International Congress of Pediatrics held in New Delhi. Subsequent to the Medical Council of India (MCI), giving pediatrics the status of an independent subject in the undergraduate curriculum with a separate examination at university level following the laudable endeavors of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP), the book has assumed a yet bigger role and responsibility.
In the 13th edition we have made further strides to attain the enhanced excellence not only for the undergraduates but also for the benefit of postgraduates, residents, practitioners and teachers. The goal is to provide a down-to-earth blend of time-honored concepts along with the phenomenal explosion of knowledge in modern pediatrics with special emphasis on the needs in the Indian subcontinent.
Each and every chapter stands updated with significant revisions. A new Section on “Emergencies and Intensive Care”, many fresh illustrations (clinical photographs, diagrams, algorithms/flowcharts), boxes and tables are added. An enlarged Index shall further facilitate easy retrieval of information.
As a result, the new edition is yet more reader-friendly, state-of-the-art and clinical-oriented. The hallmarks of the earlier editions, namely brevity with comprehensiveness, simple and straight-forward style and easy to-understand descriptions have been retained and, in fact, further strengthened.
Without any shadow of doubt, the unique and enhanced value of the 13th edition is very much on account of the expertise, hard work and command in the respective fields of the distinguished and dedicated contributors. My hats off to them!
Here's extending a big welcome to the new entrants to the “STP Faculty”, namely Drs Zahid Akhtar (New York), Piyali Bhattacharya (Lucknow), Karambir S Gill (Ludhiana), Nancy Kennedy (London), Saroj Kumar (Patna), Meera Hussain (Boston), Juhi Naidu (Baltimore), Rita Menon (British Colombia), Farooq Amaan (New York), Shruti Patil (Bengaluru), Puneet A Pooni (Ludhiana), Rajniti Prasad (Varanasi), Farooq Ahmed Siddiqui (Sydney), Saira Bhatt Siddiqui (Sydney), Rita Scott (St Louis), and Tanu Subramanyam (Liverpool).
Worthy suggestions and time-to-time academic feedbacks from a multitude of colleagues, friends and readers, from India and abroad have eminently contributed in enhancing the utility of the book edition after edition. Salutations to them!
My wife, Shamma, graciously assisted me so much in taking the project to its logical conclusion. So did my daughter, Dr Novy; son-in-law, Dr Gagan; son, Er Manu; and daughter-in-law, Er Shivani, in spite of their tight schedules and preoccupation. My brothers, Dr Satish, Subhash and Rajendra and their families’ continuing interest in this project and suggestions for the betterment of the book has all along been a support for my endeavors. I value it.
Dr Bakul Jayant Parekh, National President (2020), Indian Academy of Pediatrics, has been gracious enough to write a Foreword to this edition. My hats off to him for warmly recommending the book.
I would especially like to thanks Dr Madhu Choudhary (Publishing Head–Education) and Dr Sneha Kashyap (Development Editor), for the skillful production qualities of the 13th edition.
Last but, in no way the least, I wish to thank Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Managing Director), Mr MS Mani (Group President), Ms Chetna Malhotra Vohra (Associate Director-Content Strategy), Ms Pooja Bhandari (Production Head), Ms Sunita Katla (Executive Assistant to Group Chairman and Publishing Manager), Ms Seema Dogra (Cover Visualizer), Mr Binay Kumar (Proof Reader), Mr Deepak Saxena (DTP Operator) and Mr Deepak Goel (Graphic Designer) of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, and their dedicated staff.
Suraj Gupte
Preface to the First Edition
“Whyn't a handy pediatric book for our students?” Requests like this virtually flooded me as I was in the thick of editing the Newer Horizons in Tropical Pediatrics last year. Today, I am glad to offer that much-demanded work in the form of The Short Textbook of Pediatrics .
The Short Textbook of Pediatrics is aimed at providing a concise, simple and profusely-illustrated digest of the contemporary pediatrics, relevant to the developing world. Common tropical problems, such as nutritional deficiencies, diarrheas, tuberculosis and other frequent infections and parasitic infections and immunization, have received special attention. Certain areas that are important to us but have been ignored by the western authors are, in particular, dealt with. Indian childhood cirrhosis, infantile tremor syndrome, primary bladder stone disease, BCG as a diagnostic tool and tuberculous encephalopathy figure in this list. The accent is on priorities, clinical aspects and latest information rather than on rare conditions and outdated theoretical discussion.
The book is addressed primarily to the medical students, new entrants to the specialty of pediatrics and practising physicians who deal with infants and children as well. Some material especially the statistical data and upto date reference—some as latest as of 1977—are likely to be of value to the seniors either. How far have I succeeded in my endeavors? In this behalf, I would love to have your assessment. That shall help me to make up the deficiencies and introduce the “necessary changes for the better” in the future edition.
The publisher, Shri Jitendar P Vij of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., and the Managing Editor, Rajendra Gupte's contributions have been vital to the appearance of this manual.
Much of the material included in The Short Textbook of Pediatrics is based on articles in the recent WHO/UNICEF publications, Indian Journal of Pediatrics, Indian Pediatrics, Indian Practitioner and other Indian and foreign periodicals and books. I have punctuated the accounts with our own observations at the prestigious Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, HP Medical College, Shimla, and Govt. Medical College, Jammu. The superb teaching of Prof BNS Walia, Dr (Mrs) Saroj Mehta, Dr ON Bhakoo, Dr SK Mehta, Dr (Mrs) A Perkash and Col ML Magotra has proved to be a source of guidance and stimulation in preparing this book.
Hats off to many of my past and present colleagues, friends and well-wishers for lots of good-will, ideas and cooperation; Dr JC Lall, Dr RK Chaudhary, Dr (Miss) Kalpana Kohli, Dr (Miss) Rita Malhotra, Dr Vinod Seth, Mrs Neelam Virmani, Mr Ayudhia Kaul and Mr GS Malhotra deserve a special mention. Dr Satish Gupte, Dr (Miss) Prem Gupte and Miss Shamma Bakshi extended enthusiastic assistance in preparing the manuscript, proof-reading and indexing.
Major (Mrs) BK Sohi and Lt. Col AS Sohi have been exceedingly courteous in making available a number of excellent clinical photographs. I must also acknowledge the help received from Prof H Shirkey, Dr Roy Brown, Prof Ashfaq Ahmad and Dr VK Dogra.
Prof NS Tibrewala has been kind enough to write the Foreword in spite of his preoccupations, especially as President of the forthcoming 15th International Congress of Pediatrics. He has indeed done me an honor.
Principal NS Pathania, Prof SS Manchanda, Prof PM Udani, Prof RS Dayal and Prof VB Raju figure among our eminent medical men who graciously blessed this project. I should record my appreciation of the fond interest evinced in this manual by Mr KA Padmanabhan, Mr Suraj Saraf and Dr K Chaudhry—all leading journalists.
Finally, I greatly value the favors extended by my folks through various stages of this publication. My kid sister, Veenu and brothers, Subhash and Raji helped me in many a way. They would cheer me up as and when I found the going tough.
To all of them, plus all those who contributed but are not identified here, I am highly grateful.
Suraj Gupte MD
“ Gupte House ”
60 Lower Gumat
Jammu
Special Acknowledgments
Special acknowledgments are made to
- Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP), National Neonatology Forum- India (NNF-India), World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), International Pediatric Association (IPA), International Society of Tropical Pediatrics (ISTP), etc. for accessing their publications/websites and incorporating their recommendations and state-of-the-art material in this volume.
- Recent Advances in Pediatrics by Suraj Gupte, Differential Diagnosis in Pediatrics by Suraj Gupte, Annales Nestle, The Short Textbook of Medical Microbiology by Satish Gupte, UNICEF, and Dr Michael Smith (Perth), Dr Elizabeth Brown (Oslo) Dr Anupam Gandhi (Johannesburg), Dr Mohd Afzal (Karachi), Dr Surya N Thapa (Kathmandu) and Dr G Arpitha (Khammam) for some illustrative figures carried in this book.
- Medical journals, identified under “Excerpts from Journals” for critical reviews.
- Various medical periodicals, journals, chronicles, bulletins, proceedings of conferences, websites and books for citing their references in the state-of-the-art chapters for “Futher Reading”.
Undoubtedly, every attempt has been made to acknowledge the sources of information at concerned points, in “Further Reading” and/or here. Nevertheless, omission, if any, is unintentional and is regretted.