A
Abdomen, swelling of 330
Acidosis 204
Activated partial thromboplastin time 274
Acute vasodilatory test 356
Adventitia 315
Alveolar edema 439
Alzheimer's disease 341
Amato's classification 303
American College of Rheumatology Criteria 317b
Amoxycillin 21
Amyloidosis
classification of 341t
hemodialysis-associated 342
prognosis of 342
prognostic staging of 343t
Anacrotic pulse 80
Angiographic classification 564t
Ankle-brachial index 302
Ankylosing spondylosis 93
Annular dilatation 472
Annular hypoplasia 234
Antegrade Inoue technique 41
Anticardiolipin syndrome 47
Anti-M protein antibody 9f
Antiplatelet protocol 384
Anti-tumor necrosis factor 320
Aortic allograft 185
Aortic atresia 138
Aortic click 216
Aortic coarctation 300
Aortic cusp, prolapse of 213
Aortic diastolic pressure 534f
Aortic elastic tissue 149f
Aortic enlargement 102
Aortic flow pattern, abdominal 503f
Aortic isthmus 263
Aortic orifice 477
Aortic reflux 123
Aortic regurgitation 13, 32, 36, 38, 48, 73, 92, 95b, 99, 104, 104f, 121, 122, 122t, 123, 124t, 150, 152, 171–173, 179, 191, 209, 226, 307, 360, 419, 442, 480–482, 494, 518, 533
angiographic classification of 535t
angiography 535
dominant 132
Doppler features of 457
echocardiographic 122
etiology of 92b
index 534
mechanism of 173b
Aortic sclerocalcific disease 92
Aortic sclerosis 84
Aortic sinus diameter, Z-score 176
Aortic stenosis 32, 72, 76, 77fc, 80, 82f, 88, 89fc, 93, 121, 124, 125, 125t, 126, 126t, 169b, 172, 173, 196, 196t, 244, 308, 419, 422, 475, 521, 528, 531, 532, 547, 548
assessment of 528
continuous wave Doppler jet of 476f
dominant 132
Doppler study 476
leads 78
mild 528f
mild-to-moderate 84
pseudo-severe 76
stages of 85t
symptomatic 84b
true severe 76
two-dimensional feature 475
Aortic stenting 312
Aortic surgery 172
Aortic translocation 279
measurement 86
cardiac damage 85t
closure 392
disease 42
immobile 476f
isolated 13
orifice 75
repair 103
indication of 104b
sclerosis 172
stenosis 73
superior 552f
thickening 318
tissue, portion of 552
Aortic valvular click 308
Aortic vascular click 216t
Aortitis 92
Aortopulmonary artery shunt 220
Apex cardiogram 81f
Apical four-chamber view 484f
Aplasia 371
Apoptosis 48
Arterial bruit 316
Arterial oxygen saturation 557
Arterial pulse 244
Artery
brachiocephalic 499f
mixed pulmonary 542
nonconfluent pulmonary 255
shunt, subclavian-pulmonary 219
single pulmonary 255
stenosis 389
subclavian 309f
Arthiritis 12
Arthralgia 9
Arthropathies 300
Aspirin 19
Atheroembolism 300
Atria, fibrosis of 34
Atrial amyloidosis, isolated 342
Atrial diastole 538
Atrial dilation 34
Atrial enlargement 413
Atrial natriuretic peptide 330
Atrial pressure 566
Atrial septal defect 37, 38, 42, 138, 170, 209, 288, 306, 354, 368–372, 372b, 376f, 379, 381t, 382, 383, 391, 436, 461, 496
anatomical classification 368
balloon sizing 381
diagnostic evaluation 375
echocardiogram 376
genetic 370
large 383
management 376
margins 379f
multiple 383
natural history 374
physical examination 371
physiology 371
prevalence 368
prognosis 374
surgical closure for 377b
symptom 371
types of 369f
Autologous pericardial tube 259f
Autosomal dominant familial elastin arteriopathy 182
Azathioprine cyclophosphamide 347
Azithromycin 21
B
Balloon assisted technique 382
Balloon mitral
long-term outcome of 42
Balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty 395
Basement membrane collagen fibers 9f
Becker's sign 97
Behçet's syndrome 300
Berman balloon flotation catheter 559
Biatrial enlargement 415
Bicommissural pulmonary valve 278
Bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt 287
Bilateral femoral artery technique 531
Bilateral renal artery involvement 564f
Biliary atresia 159
Bioprosthetic valve degeneration 92
Biventricular endomyocardial fibrosis 340
Bjork modification 287
Blood
brain natriuretic peptide 55
diastolic 534
maintain 330
streaked sputum 35
urea nitrogen, higher 113
viscosity 271
Blurred vision 272
Body surface area 56
Bonnet's classification 303t
Bottleneck Fontan circuit 286f
Bradyarrhythmia 345
Brain natriuretic peptide 140
Breathlessness, exertional 339
Brockenbrough-Braunwald-morrow sign 547
Bronchial situs 430f
Buerger's disease 300
C
Calcific aortic valve disease, prevalence of 73
Calcification 72
Calcium, absence of 114
Camelback appearance 526
Cannonball pulse 96
Cardiac border 443
and angiocardiography 393
Cardiac compression 329
Cardiac dysfunction 344
Cardiac erosion 384
Cardiac index and left ventricular function 522
Cardiac light-chain amyloidosis 342b
Cardiac mitral regurgitation 188
diagnosis of 347
etiopathogenesis 346
investigation 346
management 347
prevalence 345
prognosis 346
signs of 346
Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand 22
Cardiac volume 431f
Cardiophrenic angle, acute 435f
Cardiovocal syndrome 35
Carey Coombs murmur 13
Carotid bodies 203
Carotid subclavian artery index 504
Carpentier secondary mitral regurgitation 67
Carvallo's sign 112
CATCH 22 syndrome 264
Catheter gradient 390t
Catheter tip 532
Central aortic arterial waveform 518t
Central nervous system involvement 7
Cephalization 439
Cephalosporin 21
Cerebrovascular accident 273
Cervical lymphadenitis, anterior 21
Char syndrome 140
Chordae 49
Chordal apparatus, muscularization of 48
Chordal lengthening 49
Choussat's ten commandments 289b
Chromosomal abnormities 211
Chylopericardium 293
Chylothorax 310
Circle of Willis, aneurysm of 310
Clarithromycin 21
Clockwise depolarization 408
Coagulation function, abnormal 272
Coandă effect 183
Coarctoplasty, surgical 312
Cohn theory 18
Collagen vascular disease 47
Collateral circulation, acquired 558
Collins syndrome 371
Conal septum, Tear-drop appearance of 555f
Conal tissue 245
Concomitant coronary artery disease 77
Conduction tissue 263
Confluent branch pulmonary artery 498f
Confluent hypoplastic pulmonary arteries 258
Conjunctivitis 21
Connective tissue disease 119
Constrictive pericarditis 327, 327t, 331f, 332, 333, 333f, 450, 450f, 451, 506, 540, 540t, 566, 569, 570, 572
clinical signs 331
effective 329
electrocardiography 334
etiology of 327
hemodynamic 566
investigation 334
management 334
pathophysiology 328
symptoms 330
treatment of 334
Continuous flow pattern 503f
Contrast saline study 162
Cor pulmonale 111
Cor triatriatum 32
Coronary syndrome, acute 47
Corrigan's sign 95
Coryza 21
Costocervical trunk 448
Cough 35
Crochet hook 375
Crochet sign 375f
Cyanose tardive 371
Cystic fibrosis 159
Cystic medial necrosis 150
D
D'cruz sign 507
Damus operation, original 284f
Dancing carotid 95
Danon disease 188
De Musset's sign 97
Dennison's sign 97
Dental hygiene 176
Dexfenfluramine 120
Dextrocardia 430
Diaphragmatic pericardium 334
Diarrhea 21
Dicrotic notch 80f
Digital subtraction angiography 163
Digoxin 345
Distal pulmonary artery 551
Distal transverse arch 504f
Disuse hypofunction 291
Dizziness 272
Dobutamine stress echocardiography 76
Dopaminergic agonists 120
Double antiplatelet therapy 384
Double-inlet left ventricle 285
Double-lumen catheter 532
Down syndrome 211
Dry ulcer 301
Ductal aneurysm 141
Ductal constriction 140
Ductal occluder 143
Ductal shock 305
Ductal theory 305
Ductus arteriosus 263
Ductus occluder 143f
Ductus, agenesis of 138
Duroziez's murmur 97
Duroziez's sign 95
Dysplasia, fibromuscular 300
Dysplastic disease 300
Dysplastic leaflets 182
Dysplastic myocardium 179
Dysrhythmias 371
Dyssynchrony 109
E
Echocardiogram 10, 11, 55, 65, 86, 121, 123–126, 132, 133, 147, 152, 156, 162, 192, 234, 244, 266, 278
aortopulmonary window 147f
Echocardiographic appearance 180
Eddy sound 140
Edwards’ syndrome 211
Ejection sounds 191
Elastin arteriopathy 182
Elective surgery 310
Electrocardiogram 37, 38, 40, 55, 85, 112, 117, 123–126, 131, 133, 141, 147, 151, 156, 162, 181, 188, 192, 234, 237, 257, 266, 309
ambulatory 192
age-related variation 405
axis deviation 406
floodgate-surface 405
frontal plane axis 405
northwest axis 407
T wave 406
ventricular dominance 406
Embolism, peripheral 300
Emphysema 412
End-diastolic diameter 66
Endocardial thrombus 338
clinical presentation 339
epidemiology 337
etiopathogenesis 338
investigation 340
management 340
natural history 340
pathological anatomy 338
Endothelial cells 9f
Endothelial damage 72
Endothelial injury 73
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase, reduced 171
Endovascular valve edge-to-edge repair study 68
Entrapment syndrome 300
Enzymatic abnormalities 115
Eosinophilia 339
Eponymous signs 95
Ergot alkaloids 120
Ergotamine 120
Esophageal displacement 434
European Association of Cardiothoracic Surgery 239
Extensive mitral annular calcification 32
Eye involvement 319
Eyler sign 433
F
Facial anomalies 213
Faintness 272
Fenestration, closing down of 289
Fenfluramine 120
Fibromuscular ridge 285
Ficolin-2 4
Fingers, paresthesias of 272
Flail leaflet prolapse 50
Flow theory 304
Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography 347
Fontaine classification 300t
Fontan anatomy 286
Fontan original operation 288f
Fontan physiology 285
Fontan procedures 288
Framingham study 107
Friederich's ataxia 188
G
Gadolinium enhancement 334
Gallavardin's murmur 83t
Gas pharyngitis scoring 21t
Genital anomalies 213
Gerbode defect 108
Gerhardt's sign 97
Giant blood cyst 115
Gianturco-Grifka vascular occlusion device 142
Glomerulonephritis, poststreptococcal 5
Goldenhar's syndrome 214b
Gorlin's famous flow-pressure graph 520f
Grading Pulsation American Heart Association 301t
Granulomatous infiltration 346
Great vessels 242
Guo classification 152b
H
Hakacove gave 409
Hakacove theory 408
Hakki formula 529
Hangout interval theory 373
Hausdorf sheath 382f
Heart
block 385
complete 419
boot-shaped 442
border 431
disease
carcinoid 115
critical congenital 251
diabetic 119
management 365
right-sided 233
sudden 153
rate 530
transplantation 293
typical boot-shaped 442f
Heart-hand syndrome 371
Heat-shock protein 314
Hemiplegia 273
Hemochromatosis 337
and angiography 246
Hemosiderosis 439
Hepatic circulation 293f
Hepatic dysfunction 273
Hepatic pulsation 332
Hepatojugular reflux 112
Hepatopulmonary syndrome 159
Heterotopic balloon-expandable caval valve implantation 114
His bundle 114
Hoarseness 35
Hoffman's Fallot's tetralogy 217
Hurwitz and Robert's classification 170f
Hydroxyindoleacetic acid 116
Hypercarbia 204
Hypereosinophilic syndrome, part of 339
Hyperkalemia 412
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 51, 62, 63, 155, 170, 186, 187, 191f, 193, 194, 196, 421, 491, 492b, 546, 547, 548f
end-stage 195
phenocopies of 188t
Hypertrophy 491
asymmetric 491
biventricular 363
eccentric 286
grades of 492
inadequate 77
types of 491
Hyperuricemia 273
Hyperventilation 204
Hypoxemia 203
I
Immunoglobulin light-chain 341
Indian Academy of Paediatrics 22
Indian Takayasu Clinical Activity Score 319
Indolent carditis 13
Infectious Disease Society if America 4
large vegetation of 115
Inferior sinus venosus 369
flow 286
Inflammatory disease 93
Inflammatory disorders, chronic 341
Infliximab 347
Infundibular pressure 394
Infundibular pulmonary stenosis 213
Infundibulum, hypertrophied 394
Initial carditis, severity of 40
Inlet septum 358
Interatrial septum 368
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist 4
Internodal fiber 34
Intra-abdominal pressure 328f
Intracardiac pressures 572
Intracardiac repair 227
Intracardiac shunt 490
Intracavitary and intrathoracic pressures, dissociation of 568
Intrapericardial pulmonary artery 254
Intrathoracic and intracardiac pressures, dissociation of 572
Intraventricular gradient pressure recovery 532
In-utero closure 137
Iron therapy 274
Ishikawa criteria 317b
Isolated pulmonary valve stenosis, prevalence of 389
J
Jaccoud's arthritis 14
Jaten classification 255t
Joint involvement, frequency of 14t
Jugular pressure tracing 110f
K
Kaplan–Meier estimates 367
Kawasaki disease 93
Kawashima procedure 291
Kirklin's classification 358b
Klippel–Feil syndrome 151
Konno classification 152b
Korotkoff sound, muffling of 96
Kreutzer modification 287
Krichenko angiographic views 543f
Krichenko morphological classification 542b
L
Lancefield group A beta-hemolytic streptococci 3
Landolfi's sign 97
Leflunomide 320
Left atrial
clot 466
compliance 524
oblique diameter 434
thrombus 466
classification of 466
presence of 34
dimensions 466t
Left coronary cusp 171
Left coronary sinus 149
Left leaf diaphragm 433
angiogram 552
apical
aneurysm 189
impulse 144
diastolic
pressure 534f
dissociation 568
features of 54b
ejection fraction 56, 58, 59, 59f, 66, 68, 75–77, 84, 85, 89, 127, 195, 230, 289, 335, 347, 348, 501
end-diastolic
diameter 104
endomyocardial fibrosis 339
failure, acute 439
hypoplasia 425
inflow obstruction 138
outflow tract 48, 85, 149, 179, 188, 194, 277, 285, 286, 477, 481, 493, 494f, 546f, 547, 548f, 550, 552
pressure 238
puncture, direct 530
strain 477
systolic
waveform 517t
Leukocyte count 10
Levocardia 430
Light-chain amyloidosis 341
Lips, paresthesias of 272
Liver disease, severe 159
Low glomerular filtration rate 113
Low transpulmonary gradient 290
Low-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography 76
Lutembacher's syndrome 38
Lymphatic dysfunction 292
Lymphoma 337
Lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 188
M
Macrofistula 154
Macrolides 23
Magnetic resonance angiography 302
Major hemodynamic determinants 328b
Major histocompatibility complex 315
Mannose-binding protein 4
Maximal systolic peak 81f
Mayne sign 97
Mayo clinic criteria 509
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin 272
Mechanical aortic valve repair 103
Mediastinal radiation therapy 119
Mediastinum 448
Memory T cells, effect of 9f
Mendelian inheritance 371
Menorrhagia 272
Mesocardia 430
Methylprednisolone 19
Mexican Fallot's tetralogy 211
Microdeletion 211
Microfistula 154
Microvascular dysfunction 189
Midcavity obstruction 189
Minervini's sign 97
Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery 58
Mitral annuloplasty 68
Mitral facies 35
Mitral inflow doppler pattern 508
nonpliable 44
normal coaptation of 64f
pseudoprolapse of 456f
separation index 460f
septal relation 493
true prolapse of 456f
Mitral regurgitation 32, 36–37, 42, 44, 47, 50, 54, 56, 59, 62–64, 67, 68, 76, 83t, 85, 110, 119, 121, 123, 124t, 125, 126, 126t, 127b, 128t, 180, 184, 190, 192, 281, 456, 462, 468, 469, 471, 472, 494, 522, 524
anatomy 468
angiographic classification of 527t
asymptomatic severe 58
atrial 62
functional 69
chronic
rheumatic 47
severe 55
degenerative 110
diastolic 100
Doppler features of 456
hemodynamic phase 524
medical management of 55
mild-to-moderate 13
shapes of 53f
primary 70
progressive 42
residual 49
grade 469b
Mitral restenosis after balloon mitral valvotomy 42
Mitral scallops 468f
Mitral stenosis 17, 32–34, 36–38, 44, 45, 76, 101t, 115, 116, 117t, 121, 122, 122t, 124, 125t, 159, 306, 420, 458, 458f, 461, 461t, 466, 519, 521, 526, 530, 531, 537
assessment 132
congenital 32
Doppler assessment of 460
juvenile 44
severity 458
supravalvular 179
abnormalities 57
arcade 48
calcification 131
closure 48
premature 534
deformation 66
disease, mixed 130
dysplasia 48
Ebstein's-like anomaly of 48
hypoplasia 48
involvement 12
premature closing position of 98f
advantages 57t
disadvantages 57t
straddling 48
Mitralign and Tricinch devices 114
Mixed single valve disease 130
Moguls of heart 432
Monarc annuloplasty ring 69f
Mononuclear cells 315
Morgan classification 239b
Muller's sign 97
Multifunctional occluder 366f
Multisystem disorder 271
appearance of 361
classical 140
early diastolic 265
length of 99
peaks 230f
quality of 99
decrescendo 362
Muscle weakness 272
Muscular arterioles, pulmonary 355
Mutant transthyretin amyloidosis 342
Myalgia 272
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 314
Myocardial disarray 189
Myocardial fibrosis 229
Myocardial oxygen consumption 557
Myocardium, restrictive 570
Myocytes 189
N
Nakamura classification 170f
Narrow pulmonary artery 561
National Heart Foundation 22
Necrotizing enterocolitis 220
Neoportal system 285
Neutral septum 492f
Nitric oxide 159
Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker 40
Nonrheumatic mitral stenosis, etiology of 32b
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 14
Norfenfluramines 120
Normal abdominal aortic flow pattern 503f
Northwest axis, causes of 412b
N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide 227
Nuclear perfusion imaging 156
O
Obsessive-compulsive disorder 15
Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 194
Obstructive lesions, left-sided 563
Occult constrictive pericarditis 329
Oculo-auriculo-vertebral dysplasia 214b
Open valvotomy 118
Operability vascular resistance 356
Oral penicillin 23
Organic aortic stenosis 100t
Orthodeoxia test 162
Ortner's syndrome 35
Osteogenesis imperfecta 93
Ostial pulmonary stenosis 561
P
P congenitale 414f
P mitrale 414f
P wave 425
Pacemaker implantation 281
Paget's disease 72
Palatal anomalies 213
Palfrey's sign 97
Palliative surgery 258
Pallor time 301t
Paradoxical low-flow 76
Parasternal pulsation 214
Patau syndrome 211
Patent ductus arteriosus 37, 137, 138, 141, 142, 144, 146, 151, 156, 170, 173, 179, 209, 214, 232, 255, 260, 263, 288, 303, 353, 488, 489, 503, 542
anatomical
classification of 139f
information 488
dependent dual circulation 138
dependent pulmonary circulation 138
dependent systemic circulation 138
detrimental circulation 138
diameter 489
hemodynamic information 488
physiological closure of 137
presence of 563
related circulation 138
Pectus excavatum 431
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty 155
Pergolide 120
Pericardial calcification 450f
Pericardial knock 333
Pericardial patch 283f
Pericardial pressure, normal 571
Pericardial rub 374
Pericardial tamponade 572
Pericardiectomy, mortality of 335
Perimembranous ventricular septal defect, angiographic classification of 365b
Peripheral artery stenosis 400f
Peripheral signs 97
Perloff's hemodynamic classification 361t
Phenocopies 187
Phenoxymethyl penicillin 21
Phlebogram 538
Phlebotomy protocol 274
Phrenic nerve injury 310
Plateau pulse 80
Platelet derived growth factor 315
Platelet function, abnormal 272
Pleural effusion 439
Plexogenic arteriopathy 440f
Poland's syndrome 214b
Polyarteritis nodosa 300
Polycythemia 271
Polysplenia syndrome 159
Pompe's disease 188
Popliteal artery entrapment 300
Postaortic balloon valvuloplasty 93
Postaortic valve replacement 93
Postballoon mitral valvoplasty 461
Postchemotherapy 337
Posterior atrioventricular septum 552f
Posterior rib 429
Postinfarction papillary muscle 64f
Postleft heart valve surgery 110
Poststenotic dilatation 238f
Post-tricuspid shunt 355
Potts shunt 220
Pre-Fontan palliation 285
Prophylaxis failure 24
Proteasome inhibitors 345
Proximal coronary artery 500
Proximal right ventricular outflow tract 281f
Pseudocoarctation 304
Pseudoejection click 192
Pseudoejection sound 191
P-terminal force, calculation of 415f
Pulmonary arterial hypertension 36, 38, 54, 56, 59, 141, 147, 354, 383, 439, 446, 489, 503, 524, 554, 561
assessment of 542
Pulmonary arterial pressure 226
Pulmonary arteriolar resistance 289
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation 293
Pulmonary artery 154, 156, 206, 208, 209, 216, 220, 234, 235f, 240–242, 242f, 243, 243f, 263, 266f, 279, 280f, 282, 282f, 283, 283f, 284f, 355, 398, 412, 432, 436, 437, 437f, 488, 498, 516, 543, 553, 554, 556, 558, 562
absent 255
aneurysm 396
branching abnormality of 232
capillary wedge pressure tracing 516
diastolic pressure 233
distortion, absence of 289
end-to-side anastomosis of 284f
extrapericardial 255
flow 210
idiopathic dilatation of 233
involvement 318
management of 400
murmur of 399
natural history of 400
origin 437f
ostial stenosis 263
tracing 516
proximal 394
waveform, camelback appearance of 526f
wedge pressure 551
Pulmonary autograft 185
curve 522f
Pulmonary click, absence of 144
Pulmonary flow, unobstructed 561
Pulmonary hypertension 34, 44, 49, 77, 108, 109, 112, 113, 117, 148, 219, 220, 355, 365, 383, 472, 522, 526
assessment of 545
Pulmonary in situ thrombosis 273
Pulmonary orifice 281
Pulmonary valvular stenosis, mild 394
Edwards’ classification of 355b
indication of 230t
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, development of 363
Pulmonary venous Doppler 493f
Pulsatile flow, lack of 286
Pulsatile Fontan 291
Pulsus alternans 80
Pulsus celer 96
Pulsus parvus et tardus 79
Q
Quadricuspid aortic valve
Hurwitz and Robert's classification of 170f
Nakamura classification of 170f
Quincke's sign 97
Q-wave, ischemic 55
R
Rapid antigen detection test 17
Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury 310
Red blood cell 271
Red cell distribution width 272
Regurgitant jet area 469
Reid score 464t
Reiter's syndrome 93
Renal dysfunction, mechanism of 274fc
Renal failure, chronic 72
Renal function 273
Restrictive physiology 576t
Restrictive pulmonary flow 561
Retrograde pullback method 530
Rheumatic disease 57
Rheumatic mitral valve disease 115
Rheumatic tricuspid valve disease 115
Rib notching 448
Richardon's classification 146
Right aortic arch 209
Right atrial
appendage 432
dissociation 568
pulse 567b
tumor 115
volume, normal 289
wave pattern 574f
Right axis deviation 416
Right coronary sinus 150
Right heart chambers 567
Right hilar vascular complex 433
Right hilum 432
outflow tract 356
angiocardiogram 393f
compliance 226
dysfunction 109
end-diastolic
pressure 574
endomyocardial fibrosis 339
end-systolic volume 501
enlargement 435
function 229
features of 393f
infundibulum 202
morphology 114
outflow 401
stenosis 184
outflow tract 108, 150, 152, 206, 210, 227, 230, 233, 234, 255, 260, 279, 282f, 283f, 488, 497, 500, 501, 552
dilated 234f
normal 206f
stenosis 244f
outlet obstruction 207
remodeling 109
systolic pressure 567
normal 516
volume overload 233
waveform 517t
Right-noncoronary cusp fusion 170f
Rim deficiency, incidence of 381t
Root abnormality 93b
Rosenbach's sign 97
Ross procedure 103
aneurysm 544
Rutherford classification 301t
S
Saint Vitus dance 15
Salicylates 19
Sarcoidosis, prevalence of 345
Scarlatiniform rash 21
Scarlet fever 9
Schistomiasis 159
Seagull appearance 559f
Seagull sign 559f
Secondary attack rate 18t
Secondary tricuspid regurgitation 108
Seizures 273
Selzar and Cohn theory 33
Semilunar-atrioventricular valve continuity 553
Sepsis 220
Septal defect, aortopulmonary 146
Septal margins, atrial 379f
Septal motion 506
Septal reduction therapy 194
Septal shudder 506b
Septal tricuspid leaflet 107
Septomarginalis 262f
Severe tricuspid stenosis, giant P wave of 420f
Sharma modified criteria 317b
Shock syndrome 310
Sigmoid septum 491f
Significant aortic regurgitation, presence of 34
Silent patent ductus arteriosus 141b
Simon grading 438
Single valve surgery 127
Single ventricular physiology 159
Sinoatrial node 34
Sinus aneurysm, acquired 150
Sinus arrhythmia, respiratory 376
Sinus reconstruction, multiple 185
Situs 430
Skeletal abnormality 430
Skeletal anomalies 213
Society of Thoracic Surgeons 239
Sokolow–Lyon criteria 416
Sore throat, sudden onset of 21
Soto's classification 359b
Sound 374
Spell management 219fc
Spherical remodeling 286
Spike-and-dome pulse 190f
Spinal cord ischemia 311
Spironolactone 340
Split outflow right ventricle 213
Sporadic elastin arteriopathy 182
Standard Tessellation language 246
Steal phenomenon 156
Stenosis 499
mild-to-moderate 390
pseudo-severe 75
recurrent 401
severe pulmonary 390
valve 394
severe valvular pulmonary 237
subvalvular 173
supravalvular 173
Stenotic lesion 132
Streptococcal antigen, detection of 17
Streptococcus pyogenes 3
Subaortic stenosis, idiopathic hypertrophic 191
Subclinical left ventricular dysfunction 58
Subpulmonary conus 278
Subvalvular disease 464
Subvalvular fusion, severe 44
Subvalvular membrane 278
Sulfonamide 23
Superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect 369
Suprasternal ductal view 489
Suprasystemic right ventricular pressure 424f
Surgery, single-stage 259
Swelling, abdominal 339
Sydenham's chorea 15
Syndromic Fallot's tetralogy 211
Systemic elastin arteriopathy 182
Systemic oxygen saturation 554
Tachypnea 361
Takayasu's conference 563
angiography 318
autoimmune etiology 314
biochemical parameters 318
clinical presentation 316
diagnostic criteria 317
epidemiology 315
etiology 314
genetic etiology 315
infective etiology 314
management 320
medical treatment 320
natural history 319
pathology 315
percutaneous intervention 320
prognosis 319
surgical intervention 320
vascular phase feature 316
X-ray chest 318
Takayasu's retinopathy 319
Tamponade 571
Taussig–Bing heart 243
Taussig–Bing malformation 280
T-cell deficiency 213
Tension apparatus, abnormal 285
Tetralogy of Fallot 37, 138, 146, 201, 202, 206, 209t, 215b, 215t, 218f, 225, 225f, 227, 230, 232, 235f, 237, 240, 251, 254, 257, 260, 263, 273, 407, 412, 423, 424f, 442, 445, 445f, 496, 550–552, 558
angiography 551
classical 234t
clinical types of 212t
fatigue in 204b
grading 217t
hemodynamic 550
physiology 554
pink 424f
postcorrection 425
postneonatal 212
postoperative 443
typical 424f
Thoracic aorta, magnetic resonance angiography of 309
Thoracic outlet syndrome 300
Thoracic radiation therapy 119
Throat culture 16
Thromboangiitis obliterans 300
Thrombosis in situ 300
Thrombotic diastases 274
Thrombotic milieu 464
Thymus 211
Thyrocervical trunk 448
Thyroxine 342
Tinnitus 272
T-lymphocyte protein 4
Tocilizumab 320
Toes, paresthesias of 272
Tofler's series 215t
Tonsillopharyngeal patchy exudative involvement 21
Total pulmonary outflow resistance 201
Total stroke volume 524
Trabecula septomarginalis 262
Trabecular bands obstructing right ventricular outflow 213
Trabecular septum 358
Trabeculo-septoparietalis 208
Tracheal bifurcation 434
Transcatheter intervention 128
Transcatheter therapy 113
Transcathether aortic valve implantation 72
Transeptal puncture 530
Transesophageal echocardiography, perioperative 65
Transient arterial occlusion 101
Transmitral pandiastolic gradient 522f
Transvalvular pressure gradient 531b
Transverse thoracic diameter 430f
Traub's sign 97
Tricuspid murmur 537
Tricuspid opening snap 117t
Tricuspid regurgitation 76, 107–109, 110f, 111, 112, 114, 116, 128t, 150, 176, 226, 229, 230, 233, 281, 360f, 485, 486, 500, 538, 540, 540t
congenital 108
mechanism of 485
mild-to-moderate 538f
murmur 111
noncongenital organic 108t
organic 112t
physiological 485
prevalence of 107
severity, newer grading of 486t
anatomy 107
annulus 551f
bioprosthetic 115
echocardiographic 108
flow pattern 508
involvement, primary 108
lesion 484
normal 484
prolapse 108
Trisomy 13 211
Trisomy 21 140
T-sign 147
U
Uhl's anomaly 108
Unequivocal roentgenographic sign 447
Unicommissural valve 278
Unicuspid unicommissural valve 93
Upper lobe pulmonary venous redistribution 438
Uric acid metabolism 273
V
Valvular endothelial cell 9f
Valvular obstruction 207
Valvulo-vascular impedance 75
Vascular cell adhesion molecule 8
Vasculitis 300
Velocardiofacial syndrome 213b
Venogram, superior 331f
Ventricular assist device 59
Ventricular diastolic pressure 567
Ventricular dyssynchrony 64
Ventricular fibrillation 193
Ventricular function 271
Ventricular outflow tract 277
Ventricular papillary muscle dysfunction 67
Ventricular premature beat 190
Ventricular septal aneurysm 360
Ventricular septal defect 37, 93, 138, 146, 147, 170, 173, 174, 180, 201, 208f, 226, 229, 232, 237, 238f, 239–241, 241f, 242, 245, 260, 262, 277, 279, 280f–283f, 303, 353, 356, 358, 359, 359b, 363b, 364, 365, 366f, 367, 370, 396, 410, 413, 426, 496, 497, 550, 558
additional 496
aortogenic closure of 279
association 360
closure 247
indication of 365f
different type of 359f
Kirklin's classification of 358b
large 237
location 208f
management 364
moderate to large defect 361
murmur 362
natural history 363
patch 500
physical findings 362
prevalence 358
prognosis 363
residual 281
restrictive 138
small 364
defect 361
syndrome 360
Ventricular systole 400
Ventriculoaortic junction 93
Ventriculo-arterial alignment 245
Ventriculotomy incision 228
Vertigo 316
Vestibular defect 369
Viral pharyngitis 21t
Vitamin D 338
Voltage criteria 416
Von Willebrand factor 79