IAP Recent Advances in Pediatrics A Parthasarathy, Alok Gupta, Piyush Gupta, MKC Nair, PSN Menon
INDEX
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, fc refer to flowchart, and t refer to table.
A
Abacavir 145, 148
Abdominal compartment syndrome 491
Absolute lymphocyte count 85
Absolute neutrophil count 85
Acellular pertussis, effectiveness of 65
Acid-fast bacilli 91, 190
Acidosis 509
metabolic 489
severe 490
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 261
diagnosis 143
management 143
Activated partial prothrombin time 520
Acute encephalitis syndrome 186
global watchlist of 196
Acute encephalopathy 185
causes of 187t
Acute heart failure 200
diagnosis of 207fc
management of 207fc
Acute lung injury, transfusion related 483
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia 398, 402b, 405, 442
classification of 401b
risk stratification of 400t
Acute respiratory distress syndrome 156, 480, 485f, 486, 511, 514
causes of 483t
resolution of 486
Adenoid measurement 135f
Adenoidectomy 140
Adenosine
deaminase level, elevated 105
monophosphate 220
Adenotonsillar hypertrophy 128, 135, 137
treatment of 139
Adenotonsillectomy 125, 133, 138, 140
long-term impacts of 140
rates of 130
Adenovirus 191, 309
Adhesion molecules, expression of 486
Adolescent suicides, hypothesis of 460
Adrenomedullin 202
Advanced cardiac life support 207
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices 122
Aedes aegypti 159
Aedes albopictus 159
mosquito 159
Agammaglobulinemia 79, 260
Air bronchogram 499f
Airway pressure release ventilation 480, 493
Alagille syndrome 418
Alanine aminotransferase 206, 269, 273, 278, 279
Albinism 84
Alcohol abuse 273
Aldosterone antagonists 210
Alkaline phosphatase 46, 206
Allergic diseases
incidence of 242
prevalence of 242
Allergic disorders, diagnosis of 242
Allergy 241
latex 244
skin testing 244
contraindications of 244
Allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients 497
Alopecia 84
areata 442
Alpha-fetoprotein 453
Alpha-thalassemia
intermedia 344
syndromes, classification of 344t
Aluminum 508
chloride 509
hydroxide 509
phosphide 507, 508, 522
management of 514fc
toxicity, mechanisms of 510fc
Alveolar epithelium 484
capillary structure, disruption of 484
Alveoli, closing of 487
Alzheimer disease 442
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 473
American Academy of Pediatrics 21, 122, 138
guidelines 473
American Association for Study of Liver Diseases 276
American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics 421
American Psychiatric Association 473
American-European Consensus Conference 480
Amikacin 98, 311
Aminoglycosides 94, 95
second-line 107
Aminosalicylic acid 257
Amlodipine 366
Amoxicillin 310, 333
Ampicillin 333
Amrinone 211
Analgesics 465
Anemia
diagnosis of 372t
microcytic hypochromic 379fc
Angiogenesis 43
Angiotensin converting enzyme 202, 484
inhibitor 208, 209, 213
Angiotensin receptor
antagonist 213
blocker 213
Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia 78
Ankylostoma duodenale 392
Annual influenza
epidemics 113
vaccination 123
vaccine, use of 163
Anti-asthma drugs 230t
Antibiotic 94, 309
allergies, multiple 130
intravenous 311t
oral 310t
therapy 121
Antibody
based tests 119
deficiencies, predominantly 79
dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 407
detection assays 117
enzyme-labeled 243
expressing B memory cells 127
mediated rejection 292
monoclonal 158, 165, 407
Anticoagulant rodenticides 507, 518, 519t, 521
evolution of 519
Antidepressant medication 466
Antiepileptic drugs 181, 183
multiple 175
Antigen detection tests 117, 118
Anti-hantavirus immunoglobulin G 158
Anti-human immunodeficiency virus agents, second class of 145
Anti-inflammatory medicines 128
Antileukemia drugs 399
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody 253
Antioxidant 209
Antiretroviral drug 145, 146
short course of 150
Antiretroviral therapy 145, 148, 153
Anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae 253
Antitubercular drugs 94
Antitubercular therapy 109, 261
Antiviral medicines 165
Aorta, coarctation of 201, 202
Aortic arch, interrupted 201
Aortic stenosis 201, 202
Apnea
hypopnea index 136
obstructive 131
Apneic spells, life-threatening 44
Apoptosis 407
Appetite, loss of 204
Arrhythmia 205
serious cardiac 509
Arsenic 522
Arterial blood gas 500
analysis 206
Arterial gas monitoring, continuous 500
Arterial oxygen, partial pressure of 481
Artery thrombosis, hepatic 291, 295
Arthritis
pyogenic sterile 82
rheumatoid 45
Ascites 204
Ascorbic acid content, approximate 390t
Asepsis 307
Asian Pacific Association for Study of Liver 276
Aspartate aminotransferase 206
Aspiration 483
Asthma 133, 220, 224, 229
allergic 244
control
assessment of 232t
questionnaire 231
eosinophilic 224
global initiative for 221, 228
management of 222
predictive index, modified 234, 235t
severe uncontrolled 244
Atkins diet, modified 182, 183
Atresia
choanae 332
duodenal 442, 445f
Atrial natriuretic peptide 203
Atrioventricular canal defects 442
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 133
Autoimmune
lymphoproliferative syndrome 76, 80
polyendocrinopathy with candidiasis and ectodermal dystrophy syndrome 80, 441
Autoinflammatory disorders 81
Automated microscopy techniques 94
Automated smart microscopy 94
Autosomal recessive disease 441
Axonal proliferation 417
Aysplasia, bronchopulmonary 18
Azacytidine 365
Azathioprine 255, 295
B
Bacillus calmette-guérin 58, 60, 81, 84, 102
reaction, disseminated 81
Bacteria 308
Bacteriuria, asymptomatic 306
Baloxavir
marboxil 121
single dose 121
Barium 522
carbonate 507, 517
Basophil histamine release test 247
B-cell receptor 73
Beclomethasone 226–228
dipropionate 228
Bedaquiline 95
Behavioral therapy, dialectical 472
Bell's muscle 326f
Beta-blockers 209, 210, 212
Beta-lactamase-producing microorganisms 128
Beta-receptor antagonists 208
Beta-thalassemia
classification of 344t
intermedia 344
pathophysiology of 342fc
prevalence of 341t
Bile canalicular transporter defects 4
Bile ducts, extrahepatic 4
Bi-level positive airway pressure 482
use of 488
Biliary stenosis 292
Bilirubin
damage 4
encephalopathy 9
acute 5
signs of 7f
induced neurologic dysfunction score 5, 6t
metabolism 2, 3fc
neurotoxicity 4, 5
overproduction 4
transcutaneous 5, 11
values 4
Biochemical hypovitaminosis D, prevalence of 51
Biometric liver
spectrometry 350
susceptometry 350
Biopsy 106
Bio-Rad variant machine 349f
Birth weight
low 11
normal 40
very low 12
Bladder
bowel function, evaluation of 328
diverticula 332
dysfunction 328
non-neurogenic 324
neurogenic 318, 328
outlet obstruction 328
ultrasonography of 329
Blinatumomab 407, 408, 408f
Blood
brain natriuretic peptide 131
disorders 114
fractional inspired oxygen 496
investigations 205, 206t
pressure 321, 336
samples testing 423
transfusion 160
urea nitrogen 206
Body mass index 289
Bone
and joints, tuberculosis of 106
marrow
examination 350, 382
transplant 364, 364f
mineral density 362f
reduced 227
remodelling, state of 41
Boomerang sign 193f
Borrelia burgdorferi 194
Bovine milk allergy 261
Bovine rotavirus vaccine 67
Bowel dysfunction 328
Bradyarrhythmias 205
Bradycardia 190, 210
Bradykinin 202
Brain oxygen optimization 28
Breastfeeds, cessation of 144
Breathing
during sleep, abnormal 132
oral 132
Breathlessness 115, 220
British Thoracic Society 222
Brodifacoum 507
Bromadiolone 507
Bronchial asthma
diagnosis of 220
management of 220
Bronchial provocation tests 225
Bronchoalveolar lavage 92, 104, 108, 115, 116, 234, 487
Bronchodilator 92, 220, 226
Bronchoscopy 92
Bronchospasm 210
Bruton tyrosine kinase 76
B-type natriuretic peptide 203, 206, 207
Budesonide 226–228
Burkitt's leukemia 401
Burns, mucosal 516
Butyrates 365
C
Calcineurin inhibitors 295
Calcitriol 41
Calcium 44t
causes nutritional rickets 38
channel defects 78
deficiency 38
metabolism, normal 38
sensitizer 211
serum 363
Calculate peripheral capillary oxygen saturation 482
Calicheamicin 408
Canadian Thoracic Society 222
Candidiasis, mucocutaneous 84
Capillary endothelium 484
Capnography 500
Capreomycin 98
Captopril 209
Carbapenems 312
Carbon dioxide monitoring, continuous 500
Carcinoma, hepatocellular 264, 269, 272, 287
Cardiac catheterization 206
Cardiac dysfunction 410, 492
Cardiac failure, congestive 200
Cardiac index 206
Cardiac resynchronization therapy 213, 214
Cardiomyocyte 43
injury 201
Cardiomyopathy 44, 208, 216
dilated 208
precipitating factors of 201t
Cardiopulmonary bypass
machine, modified 495
surgery 483
Cardiovascular support 513
Cardiovascular system 523
pathophysiology 131
Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification
methods 96
test 104, 107
Carvedilol 209, 210
Catalase 509
Cataract, congenital 442
Cefixime 310
Ceftriaxone 311, 360
Celiac disease 373, 393, 442
Cellscope 94
Cellular rejection, acute 292
Cellular responsiveness, modulation of 43
Cellulose acetate electrophoresis 348f
Central nervous system 81, 399, 400, 510, 523
directed therapy 405
features of 92
infection 179, 185
pathophysiology 131
toxicity 516
tuberculosis 106
Central venous pressure 513, 514
Cephalexin 310, 333
Cephalhematoma 5
Cephalosporin 310, 320
Cerebellum 4
Cerebral malaria 185
Cerebrospinal fluid 91, 187, 190, 190t, 195
Cervical
adenitis syndrome 130
adenopathy, tuberculous 91
CHARGE syndrome 332
Chediak-Higashi syndrome 85
Chelation therapy 355
Chemiluminescent assays 47
Chemoprophylaxis 103, 123
antiviral 124
Chemotherapeutic agents, newer 405
Chest
pain 204
tightness 220
wall elastance 492
X-ray 91, 104, 205, 207
Chikungunya 158, 189
epidemics 165
Childhood
adenotonsillectomy trial 137
asthma control test 231
epilepsy 172
syndromes 170
Chimeric antigen receptor 398
T-cell 407, 409
therapy 409
Chlorophacinone 507
Cholecalciferol pellets 523
Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic 290
Chondrocyte differentiation 38
Choreoathetosis 427
Choreo-athetotic movements 189
Chromatography, microcolumn 347
Chromosome
therapy 455
translocation of 440f
Chronic granulomatous disease 74, 80, 83, 260
Chronic hepatitis 45
B 273, 274, 277, 278fc, 279fc
prevalence of 264
reactivation of 270, 277
treatment of 279t
virus infection 273t
Ciprofloxacin 310, 360
Cirrhosis 264, 277
Cisatracurium 498
Clean catch urine sample 306
Clobazam 178
Clofarabine 405
Clofazimine 95
Clostridium difficile 84, 259
Clover coumarin 518
Coagulopathy 410, 521
Co-amoxiclav 310, 311
Cobalt 375
Cognitive behavioral therapy 472
Cohen's cross-trigonal reimplantation 334
Colitis 80
acute severe 259
eosinophilic 261
Coloboma 332
Colon, multiple internal fistulae of 252f
Colony forming units 307, 329
Columbia-suicide severity rating scale 468
Coma 516
Compact fluorescent lamp 10, 11
Complete blood count 108, 206, 345, 353
Computed tomography 190, 260, 315
contrast-enhanced 91, 106
scan 499, 499f
Confusion 516
Congenital hypothyroidism 416, 418t, 420, 425fc
epidemiology of 417
etiology of 418
types of 420t
Congestion 200
Conjunctivitis 488
allergic 244
Consciousness
altered level of 489
level of 120, 489
Constipation 420
Continuous antibiotic prophylaxis 332
role of 332
Continuous positive airway pressure 18, 24, 481, 482, 488
Conventional antiepileptic drug, choice of 183b
Coombs’ test 7
direct 7
Core antigen 265
Corn-soya-milk preparation 391
Coronavirus 157
Corpus callosotomy 184
Corticosteroids 295
intranasal 139
prenatal 17
therapy 237
Cotrimoxazole 152, 310
prophylaxis 152
Cough 220
moist 233
nocturnal 220
Coumatetralyl 507
C-reactive protein 108, 190, 207, 253, 380
Crigler-Najjar syndrome 297
Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever 160, 196
virus 160, 161
Crohn's disease 46, 106, 250, 251t, 254, 256, 387
infantile 252f
management of 258fc
Cryptosporidium 84
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate 202, 494
Cycloserine 95
Cysteinyl leukotrienes, overproduction of 134
Cystic fibrosis 80, 387
Cystitis 315, 315f
hemorrhagic 309
Cystourethrogram 318
Cystourethrography 331
Cytarabine 404
Cytogenetics, high-risk 402
Cytokine
anti-inflammatory 484
dysregulation 114
proinflammatory 211
release syndrome 409
Cytomegalovirus 143, 259, 293, 352, 354
Cytosine arabinoside, high-dose 404
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte 79
associated antigen 76
Cytotoxicity, complement-mediated 407
D
Daycare transfusion center 354
Daytime sleepiness, excessive 132
Dead space ventilation 494
Deafness 442
Deferasirox 356
Deferiprone 356
side effects of 356
Deferitin 358
Dehydrocholesterol 41
Dendritic cells 43
Dengue 189
Deoxyribonucleic acid 77, 97, 266
double-stranded 155
Depression, treatment of severe 466
Dermatological infection 261
Desferrioxamine 355
chelatable iron 357
Desferrithiocin 358
Device therapy 213
Dextrocardia 233
Dextromer 333
Diabetes mellitus 45, 114, 115, 441
neonatal 418
Diaphragm
electrical activity of 500
function of 500
Diarrhea, chronic 143, 373
Diastolic ventricular relaxation 211
Dietary modification 388
Difenacoum 507
Diffusion-weighted imaging 192
Dihydroxyvitamin D 41
Dimercaptosuccinic acid 314, 316, 328
Di-palmitoyl-phosphatidyl-choline 19
Diphacinone 507
Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis 64
vaccines 59, 64
Direct nuclear cystogram 330
Disability-adjusted life year 2
Disseminated intravascular coagulation 186, 510
Diuresis 213
Dizziness 204, 210
Dobrava-Belgrade virus 158
Dobutamine 211
Dolutegravir 147, 148
Domino liver transplantation 289
Donation after cardiac death 288
Donor selection criteria 288, 289t
Doose syndrome 179
Dopamine 211, 426
Double bubble appearance 445f
Down syndrome 438, 439t, 440f, 441, 442, 445f, 447b, 449t, 452t
Doxycycline 360
Dravet syndrome 178
Dried blood spot 422
collection of 423f
Driving pressure 487
Drug
allergy 244
drug interaction 148
overdose 483
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 351, 361
Duodenal erosions 510
Dyshormonogenesis 418, 420, 427, 430
Dyskeratosis 78
Dysplasias, immuno-osseous 78
Dyspnea 204
Dysrhythmias 215
Dystrophic nails 84
E
Ebola
viral disease 164
virus 161, 196
Echocardiogram 207
Echocardiography 205
Eczema, severe 244
Edema 204, 205
pulmonary 204, 205, 410, 498, 509
Efavirenz 146, 148, 151
Electrocardiogram 205, 207, 358
Electrochemiluminescence assay 40
Electroencephalogram 171, 181, 188, 194
Electrolyte, serum 206
Elevated mean airway pressure 497
Empiric antitubercular therapy 105
Emtricitabine 145, 147, 148
Enalapril 209
Encephalitides, emerging 194
Encephalitis 185
acute disseminated 192
autoimmune limbic 192
Encephalomyelitis, acute disseminated 189, 193f
Encephalopathy 185
acute febrile 185, 195
early infantile epileptic 175, 179f
early myoclonic 175
epileptic 175, 180t
myoclonic epileptic 176f
sepsis-associated 196
with status epilepticus in sleep 176
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration 91
Endometrial tissue 96
Endothelial dysfunction, state of 486
Endotracheal tube, selection of 490
End-tidal carbon monoxide 7
Enfurvirtide 146
Enoximone 211
Enterocolitis, necrotizing 16
Enteroviruses 162, 309
Enuresis, secondary 133
Envelope antigen 265
Enzyme 203
immunoassay methods 119
linked immunosorbent assay 47, 101, 144, 160
replacement 87
Eosinophil 224
cationic protein 247
Epicutaneous test 244
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis 81
Epilepsia partialis continua 182
Epilepsy
benign 171
childhood absence 174
drug resistant 182
early-onset childhood 172
focal 171
generalized 171
juvenile
absence 174
myoclonic 174
mesial temporal lobe 179
progressive myoclonic 179f
refractory 179
seizures, juvenile myoclonic 175f
self-limited focal 171
severe myoclonic 178
syndrome 170, 171
febrile infection-related 196
severe 175, 176t, 180t
type 170
Epileptic syndromes, age-wise 179f
Episode, acute 235
Epratuzumab 407
Epstein-Barr virus 80, 189, 293
Erythrocyte
morphology 379
sedimentation rate 108, 207
high 253
Erythroderma 84
Erythroferrone inhibitors 368
Erythropoietin 366
Escherichia coli 259, 309
Esophageal manometry 500
Esophagus 510
Estimated glomerular filtration rate 321
Ethambutol 95
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid vial 446
Etravirine 146
European Association for Study of Liver 276
European Medicines Agency 367
European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition 277
Exchange transfusion 10, 12
Exercise 220
Exhaled breath
condensate 224, 225
temperature 224
Exhaled nitric oxide, fraction of 223, 224, 246
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase organisms 309
Extracorporeal life support 480, 495, 496, 514
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 207, 215, 494f, 495, 496t
Extrapulmonary disease 96, 99
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis 104, 105
manifestations of 90
Extraskeletal systemic disorders 38
Extrauterine thyroid adaptation 417
Extravascular lung water 498
Extubation 501
Eyewear, protective 116
F
Failure to thrive 233
Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndromes 79
Fat, autologous 333
Fatigue 204
Feed pattern 204
Ferritin, serum 349, 380
Ferrous sulphate, oral 382
Fetal globin reactivation 367
Fever
familial mediterranean 82
hemorrhagic 158
Fibrinolysis dysfunction 486
Fine-needle aspiration cytology 91
Fistula 510
perianal 252f
tracheoesophageal 442
Fixation off phenomenon 173
Flavivirus 159, 160
Flow cytometry 404
Fluid
attenuated inversion recovery 192
biochemistry of 91
cytology of 91
management 498
supplementation 9
Fluorescein diacetate 93
Fluorescence microscopy, advantages of 93
Fluorescent in situ hybridization 402, 444, 445
Fluoroquinolone 98
Fluticasone 226
furoate 227
propionate 227, 228
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 328
Folate metabolism 78
Follicle stimulating hormone 363
Follow-up diagnostic test 93
Food
allergy 45
oral food challenge for 246
and drug administration 213, 410
articles, iron content of 389t
items, vitamin D content of 43t
protein allergy, multiple 261
Forced expiratory
flow 221, 222
volume 221, 222
Forced inspiratory vital capacity 222
Forced oscillation technique 222
Forced vital capacity 221, 222
Formoterol 226, 228
Frank-Starling mechanism 202
Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin 377, 381
Free fetal deoxyribonucleic acid 444
Fresh frozen plasma 523
Frontotemporal hyperintensity 191f
G
Gallop rhythm 205
Gallstones 363
Gamma chain production 365
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 292
Gas exchange 488
goals 492
Gastric
aspirate 92, 104
distention 488
erosions, severe 510
Gastroenterology 249
Gastroesophageal reflux disease 233
Gastrointestinal bleeding 373, 387
Gastrointestinal tract 250, 354, 250, 523
Gata-binding protein 1 442
Gene
inheritance of 343
manipulation 365
therapy 367
Genetic 437
counseling 451
disorders 374
generalized epilepsies 173, 173t, 174
studies 382
Genital hypoplasia 332
Gentamicin 311, 360
Gianotti-Crosti syndrome 269
Giardiasis 374
Glasgow coma scale 190
Global Consensus Recommendations 44, 47, 49, 50
Global Health Security Agenda 164
Global influenza surveillance and response system 163
Globus pallidus 4
Glomerular filtration rate 320
Glucocorticoid 426
receptors 226
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency 80
Glutathione 509
Glycemic index treatment, low 183
Glycogen storage disease 284
Glycoproteins 163
Graft-versus-host disease 365, 406
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor 270, 363, 407
Granuloma 92, 182
Greenstick fractures 48
Ground glass appearance 499f
Growth 140
failure 133
hormone 363
hormone secretion decreases 131
plate, poor mineralization of 38
Guanylyl cyclase A 202
Guillain-Barré syndrome 160
H
H1N1 encephalitis 193f
Haemophilus influenzae 64, 128
Hand foot mouth disease 162
Hantaan virus 158
Hantavirus 158
pulmonary syndrome 158
zoonotic reservoirs for 158
Haploidentical stem cell transplantation 406
Head injury 483
Heart
block 210
disease 332
congenital 200, 201t, 202t, 418
cyanotic 481
failure 200
advanced 200
causes of congestive 202t
chronic 200
end-stage 200
pathophysiology of chronic 203fc
signs of 204t
symptoms of 204t
treatment of 207
lesions, congenital 492
transplantation 214, 216
Heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula 26
Heel prick sampling, timing of 430
Helicobacter pylori 393
infection 253
Helminth control 392
Helminthiasis 373
Hemagglutination inhibition test 118, 119
Hemagglutinin 163
Hematemesis 520
Hematocrit 371
Hematology 339
Hematopoietic stem cell 367
transplant 87, 260, 405, 406
Hematuria 520
Hemispherectomy 184
Hemodynamics 491
Hemoglobin 7, 371
concentration 378
E beta-thalassemia 344
fetal 341, 344, 352
H disease 344
pattern of 349f
quantitation of 347
saturation, maximum 489
Hemoperitoneum, spontaneous 520
Hemoptysis 115
Hemorrhage
conjunctival 158
fetomaternal 374
intracerebral 520
intracranial 497
retinal 158
Henipaviral diseases 164
Henipavirus 157
genus, paramyxovirus virus of 157
Hepatic dysfunction 363
Hepatitis
acute viral 269
envelope antigen and antibody 267
severe acute 276
Hepatitis B 64, 359
acute 274, 276
core
antigen 265
immunoglobulin M 267f
immunoglobulin, combination of 281
spectrum of 264
surface antigen 264, 265, 266, 354
vaccine 59, 64
viral infection 267f
virus 265f, 268, 278, 279
envelope antigen 267f, 273, 279, 279fc
infection 264, 268f, 269fc, 275
surface antigen 267f, 273, 353
treatment of 278fc
Hepatitis C
virus 353, 354
infection 359
Hepatitis core
antibody 267
antigen 267
Hepatocytes 376
Hepatology 263
Hepatomegaly 204, 205
Hepatopulmonary syndrome 285
Hepatorenal syndrome 285
Hepatosplenomegaly 5, 261
Hepcidin 381
Heritable disorder 324
Herpes simplex
encephalitis 81, 191, 191f, 194
virus 81, 195
encephalitis 188
Higher tuberculin unit, use of 102
High-performance liquid chromatography 47, 347
Hirschsprung disease 442
Homogeneity 499
Hookworm infestation 374
Hormone
adrenocorticotropic 175, 181, 183, 419
luteinizing 363
Human chorionic gonadotropin 453
Human cytomegalovirus 359
Human immunodeficiency virus 90, 99, 102, 143–145, 151, 153, 155, 187, 273, 352–354, 359
antigen 144
diagnosis of 143, 144
disease, global 143
infection 143, 151
advanced 101
serological diagnosis of 144
management 143, 145
perinatal transmission of 150
treatment of 145
Human leukocyte antigen 351, 364, 406
Human metapneumoviruses 157
Human monovalent live vaccine 66
Human organ transplant Act 283
Human papilloma virus 64, 81
Human rabies immunoglobulin 70
Hyaluronic acid 333
Hydrocephalus 92, 191
Hydrochloric acid 509
Hydrochlorothiazide 210, 211
Hydronephrosis
antenatal 324
postnatal 336
prenatal 336
Hydroxybenzyl-ethylenediamine-diacetic acid 357, 358
Hydroxycoumarin 523
Hydroxyindoleacetic acid 460
Hydroxylase production 41
Hydroxyurea 366
Hyperbilirubinemia 4, 7b, 13t
neonatal 2
nonconjugated 8
physiologic 4
risk factors for 3t
Hypercalcemia 48
Hypercapnia, permissive 28, 492
Hypercarbia, permissive 28
Hypercytokinemia 497
Hyperdiploidy 399
Hypergammaglobulinemia 261
Hyperglycemia 210, 513
Hyperimmunoglobulin syndrome 78
Hyperkalemia 210
Hypermagnesemia 510
Hyperplasia, congenital adrenal 423
Hypersplenism 360
Hypertension 132, 304, 327
intracranial 492
pulmonary 492, 494
Hypertonic aerosol 220
Hypochloremia 210
Hypoglycemia 420, 432
Hypokalemia 513
Hyponatremia 210
Hypopituitarism 426
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 201, 202, 216
Hypopneas 131
Hypoproteinemia 373
Hypotension 200, 205, 209, 210, 410, 489, 490, 513, 515
causes of 490
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis 140, 460
Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid 425
Hypothermia 420
Hypothesis, dynamic 460
Hypothyroidism 442
central 419
subclinical 424
transient congenital 419
Hypothyroxinemia 426, 432
Hypotonia 420, 427
Hypoxemia 489
refractory 483
Hypoxia
acute onset of severe 480
permissive 492
Hypsarrhythmia 177f
I
Iatrogenic barotrauma, evidence of 497
Icterus neonatorum 2
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 143
Immune
dysregulation 80
diseases of 79
reactive phase 270, 271
system
cells 43
overview of 73
tolerant phase 270, 271
Immunity 57
adaptive 73, 86
cell-mediated 86
cellular 74
humoral 74
innate 73, 80, 85
Immunization 57
active 280
schedule 58
Immunofluorescence assays 119
Immunoglobulin 46, 127
A 76
E 76, 220, 230
G 230
use of 101
intravenous 12, 182
M 76, 101, 158
therapy, replacement 87
Immunology 241
Immunoradiometric assay 380
Immunosuppression 293, 296
Immunotherapy 407
Imperforate anus 332
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator 213
In vitro screening tests 243, 244
advantages of 245
Indian Academy of Pediatrics 58, 59, 104, 473
Advanced Life Support 512
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices 122
Immunization Timetable 62t
Indian Council of Medical Research 50, 99, 164
Indian Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology 424
Indirect hyperbilirubinemia, exchange transfusion of 11t
Inducible nitric oxide synthase 246
Infections
acute viral 112
bacterial 360
chronic 373
hospital-associated 121
perinatal 2
prevention of 86
respiratory 45
sinopulmonary 261
treatment of 87
Inferior vena cava 289
Inflammation, allergic 128
Inflammatory bowel disease 45, 250, 252t, 254t–256t
early-onset 259
Inflammatory disease 251t
Inflammatory mediators, role of 128
Infliximab 256
Influenza 191
activity, level of 117
B viruses 122
complicated 115t
diagnosis of 112
infection, control of 122
management of 112
tests 118
treatment of 112
vaccination 122
vaccine 59, 68
dosage of 123t
virus 112, 113, 163
epidemiology of 122
infections 113
neuraminidase 121
strain of 113
Inhaled corticosteroid 225, 226, 227t, 228t, 230
formulations 227
Inhibit reverse transcriptase enzyme 145
Injury
alveolar epithelial 484
inhalation 483
renal 328
reperfusion 290
Inotuzumab ozogamicin 407, 408
Insect bite venom allergy 244
Inspired oxygen, fraction of 19, 481, 482
Insulin resistance, homeostatic model assessment of 45
Integrase strand transfer inhibitors 145, 147
Intensive care unit 207
Interferon regulatory factor 7 76
Interferon-gamma 74
release assays 102
Interleukin 226, 410
Intermediate withdrawal syndrome 497
International Association for Suicide Prevention 474
International Collaborative Infantile Spasms Study 176
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses 155
International Extracorporeal Life Support Organization 495
International Grading System 326
of Vesicoureteral Reflux 327f
International League Against Epilepsy 170
Framework of Epilepsy classification 171f
seizure types 170
International normalized ratio 521, 523
Intestinal parasites 374
Intra-aortic balloon pump 514
Intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 400–402
Intracranial infections 190t
Intracranial pressure 190
Intradermal route 65
Intradermal skin tests 245
Intranasal steroid 139
safety and effectiveness of 140
Intraocular pressure, low 158
Intravascular pressures 498
Intravenous drug 264
Intravesical ureter 325f
demonstration of 325f
Intubation 489
Invasive methods 107
Iron
absorption
enhancers 390
poor 373
and folic acid 386
supplementation program 392t
chelation, adverse effects of 357t
deficiency anemia 371, 377, 379, 383t
high incidence of 349
nutritional 371
deficiency, progression of 380t
element, supplementation of 386
metabolism 375
overload, role of hepcidin in 368
refractory iron deficiency anemia 374, 382
requirements 374
salts, oral 384t
serum 348, 380
studies 348
supplementation 391
therapy 383t
history of 371
parenteral 387
side effects of 388
transport and storage 376
Ischemia 205, 290
Isolation 120
Isoniazid 95
dose of 153
prevention therapy 153
Ivabradine 212
J
Janus kinase 402
signal transducer and activator of transcription 442
Japanese encephalitis 64, 185, 191, 192f, 195
Jaundice 2, 6b, 6f
conjugated 432
early detection of 4
management of 13t
Jet ventilation, high-frequency 493
K
Kanamycin 98
Karyotyping 439
Kerley lines 205
Kernicterus 2, 9
Ketogenic diet 178, 182
Kidney
abnormal 335
disease, chronic 115
injury, acute 523
ultrasonography of 329
Kikuchi disease 105
Klebsiella 309
Koilonychias 378
Kramer's criteria 5
L
Lactate dehydrogenase 206
Lamivudine 145, 147, 148
Landau Kleffner syndrome 176
L-asparaginase 403, 404
Lassa fever 164
Late allograft dysfunction 293
Latent infection
chemoprophylaxis of 102
detection of 91, 101
Latent tuberculosis 46
infection, diagnosis of 102
Lead 375
Left ventricular
assist device 215
dysfunction 481
ejection fraction 207
fractional shortening 207
Leg ulcers 361
Leigh's disease 193
Lemierre syndrome 130
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome 177, 178f
Lentiviral vector 367
Leptospirosis 189
Lethargy 5
Leukemia 406, 442
acute megakaryoblastic 442
acute myeloid 403
lymphoblastic 401
mixed-lineage 399, 400, 402
Leukemic blasts 399
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency 74
Leukoencephalopathy, progressive multifocal 147
Leukotriene 139, 226, 484
receptor antagonists 227
Levosalbutamol 226
Levothyroxine 427
therapy 424
Light-emitting diode 9–11
microscopy 93
Line probe assay 98, 107
Linear serpiginous ulcers 252f
Linezolid 94, 95
Lipid peroxidation 509
Lipoarabinomannan 101
Lipopolysaccharide-responsive beige-like anchor 76
Liposaccharides encounter
macrophage 43
monocyte 43
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 47
Lisinopril 209
Liver
cell injury 517
disease 281
chronic 272
decompensated 272
end-stage 268f, 269
failure
acute 269, 270, 287
acute-on-chronic 269, 274
function test 190, 206, 291
iron concentration 350
transplantation 284b, 287, 287b, 288, 295, 296
evolution of 282
Living donor liver transplant 283, 287
Loha bhasma 371
Long-acting beta-2 agonists 226, 228
Loop diuretics 210
Lopinavir 148
Low-dose norepinephrine, use of 490
Lucinactant 20
Lumbar puncture 188
Lung
attack, acute 235
collapse, secretion-induced 493
compliance 480, 492
monitoring 500
disease, chronic 18, 481
endothelial injury 484
function 487
tests 221
injury 18
acute 480, 514, 523
direct 483
indirect 483
score 500
ventilator-induced 480
protective conventional ventilation group 493
volumes, dynamic 221
Lymph node 104
tuberculosis 105
Lymphadenitis, mycobacterial 105
Lymphohistiocytosis, hemophagocytic 79
Lymphoma 400t
acute lymphoblastic 401b
M
Macrophage 43, 73
manipulation therapy, role of 368
Magnesium sulfate 16
therapy 16
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography 292
Magnetic resonance imaging 90, 92, 158, 191, 207, 350
cardiac 205
Major histocompatibility complex 76, 410
Malabsorption syndromes 373
Malaria, prevention of 393
Malformations, arteriovenous 184
Mallampati score 134, 134f
Malperfusion 200
Mandura bhasma 371
Maple syrup urine disease 284, 286
Marburg virus disease 164, 196
Matrix metalloproteinases 486
Mean airway pressure 481, 493
Mean cell
hemoglobin 347
concentration 347
volume 347
Mean corpuscular
hemoglobin 377, 379
volume 377, 379
Mean platelet volume 85
Measles
containing vaccine 59
mumps, and rubella 59, 64, 68
vaccines 68
Mechanical ventilation 26, 480
Meckel's diverticulum 373
Mediastinal adenopathy 91
Medical therapy 208
Medicinal iron therapy 383
Medium-chain triglyceride 288
Megacystis-megaureter association 332
Melanin, intraepidermal retention of 159
Membranes, preterm premature rupture of 16
Mendelian susceptibility 81
Meningitis 191
tuberculous 106, 191
Meningococcal vaccine 64
Meningococcemia 189
Meningococcus infection 73
Meningoencephalitis 159
tuberculous 185
Mental
disorders 458
status 115
Mercaptopurine 404
Meropenem 312
Mesenchymal stem cells, role of 486
Messenger ribonucleic acid 128
Metabolic disorders 286
Metabolic syndrome 45, 134
Metal phosphides 508
Metformin 366
Methemoglobinemia 513
Methotrexate 404
high-dose 404
Methylmalonic academia 284
Metolazone 210, 211
Metoprolol 210
Microbial infection 128
Microneutralization assay 119
Micropenis 426, 432
Microscopy, field of 93
Microthrombosis 486
Micturating cystourethrogram 314, 328, 330f
Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus 157, 197
Midfacial defects 432
Mid-stream urine sample 306
Milrinone 211
Minimal residual disease 398, 400
monitoring 403
Moisture 509
Molecular genetics 342
Molecular methods 95, 97, 103
newer 99
Mometasone 226
furoate 140
Monocytes 73
via cathelicidin 43
Mononuclear cells 38
Monosegment liver transplantation 289
Monotherapy
effective 150
initiation of 146
Montelukast
role of 139
therapy 139
Mother-to-child transmission 150, 274
prevention of 150
Motility, defects of 80
Mouth breathing 132
Mucopolysaccharidoses 136
Mucosal cell control 375
Multi-allergen immunoglobulin E antibody screening assays 243
Multicystic dysplastic kidneys 332
Multifocal discrete lesions 158
Multiorgan dysfunction 410
syndrome 483, 517
Muzaffarpur encephalopathy 195
Mycobacteria 73
Mycobacterial disease 81
Mycobacterial growth indicator tube 94, 107
Mycobacterium
avium complex 147
tuberculosis 43, 95, 97, 186, 194
genomes 101
identification of 95
Mycophenolate, antimetabolites 295
Myelination 417
Myelitis, acute flaccid 162
Myelodysplasia 78
Myelodysplastic syndrome 442
Myelosuppression 405
Myocarditis 511
Myopathy 498
Myopia, transient 158
N
N-acetylcysteine 514, 517
Naked-eye single tube red cell osmotic fragility test 347
Nasal
cannula, high-flow 488
high-flow therapy 25
intermittent positive pressure ventilation 25
swab 115, 116
Nasopharyngeal aspirates 115
Nasopharyngeal swab 115, 116
National AIDS control organization 144
National Cancer Institute 399, 400
National Centre for Disease Control 164
National Immunization Program 58
National Immunization Schedule 58, 60t
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 183, 222, 473
National Institute of Mental Health 464
National Institute of Standards and Technology 48
National Institute of Virology 164
National Nutrition Survey, comprehensive 40
National Nutritional Anemia Control Program 386
National Poisons Information Centre 508
National representative population, population-based health survey of 39
National Screening Programs 422
Natriuresis 209, 213
Natriuretic peptides 202, 203, 206
Natural killer cells 73
Near infrared spectroscopy 29
Necessitates invasive methods 108
Necrotic mediastinal nodes 91
Neisseria 73
meningitis 82
Neonatal intensive care unit 16, 426
Neonatal jaundice
diagnosis of 8fc
management of 8fc
Neonatal oxygenation prospective meta-analysis 28
Neonatology 1
Nephrology 303
Neprilysin 203, 213
inhibitor 213
Neurally adjusted ventilator assist 25, 27
Neuraminidase 163
Neurologic failure 483
Neuromuscular blocking agents 480
usage of 498
Neurotoxicity 4, 409
Neutrally adjusted ventilation assist 480
Neutropenia
congenital 80
severe congenital 74
Neutrophil 43, 74
extracellular traps 485
function tests 85
Nevirapine 146, 148
prophylaxis 152t
New viral infections 155
New York Heart Association 205t
Newborn screening 416, 421
Nipah virus 157, 193
encephalitis 194
Nitric oxide 246
inhaled 490, 494
Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test 85
Nitrofurantoin 320
Nocturnal pulse oximetry 136
Nodules, endobronchial 91
Noninvasive methods, newer 350
Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation
short trial of 490
use of 488
Noninvasive prenatal screening 444, 453
Noninvasive ventilation 24, 487, 488
modes of 488
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 145
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 159
Nonsuicidal self-injury 465, 466
Nontuberculous mycobacteria 93
Norepinephrine 513
Nosocomial infections 165
Nosocomial transmission 157
Nuclear
cystogram 330
factor-kappa-B essential modifier 76
scan 331f
Nucleic acid amplification
assays 117
test 117
packed cell transfusion 354
Nucleic acid test 144
Nucleoside analogs 276
reverse transcriptase inhibitors 145
Nucleotide analog 270
reverse transcriptase inhibitors 145
Nutrition 37, 498
Nutritional rickets 49t
diagnosis of 46
management of 50
overall incidence of 38
prevention of 50
treatment of 48
Nyctereutes procyonoides 156
O
Obesity 137, 233
Obstructive sleep
apnea 130, 139, 141
syndrome 131
disordered breathing 130, 133, 134, 139
spectrum of 131
hypopneas 130
Ofatumumab 407
Ofloxacin 310
Oligohydramnios 321
Olprinone 211
Opportunistic infections 152
diagnosis of 145
treatment of 145
Optic nerves 4
Oral polio vaccine 60, 84
bivalent 59
efficacy of 65
Organ dysfunctions, periodic tests for 351
Organophosphates 508
Oropharyngeal aspirates 115
Oropharyngeal swab 115
Orthomyxoviridae 163
Orthopnea 204
Oscillatory ventilation, high-frequency 27, 492, 493, 496
Oseltamivir 121, 163
therapy, initiation of 121
Osteoid mineralization, abnormal 38
Osteopenia 361, 362f
Osteoporosis 361, 362f
Otitis media 84, 133
recurrent 133
Oversedation, complications of 497
Oxidative burst 85
Oxygen
consumption, nonradiometric detection of 94
dissolved, partial pressure of 496
saturation 120, 208
index 481–483
target after stabilization 28
therapy 120, 121
Oxygenation 488
and ventilation parameters and severity scores 500
index 480–482
P
Packed cell volume 7
Packed red blood cell 383
Paguma larvata 156
Pain, abdominal 204
Pallor 5
Palpitation 204
Panayiotopoulos syndrome 172
Pancreas, beta cells of 38
Pandu roga 371
Paper electrophoresis 348f
Papilledema 189
Para-aminosalicylic acid 95
Paradigm shift 130
Paradise criteria 129
Parainfluenza 191
Parasuicides 458
Parathyroid hormone 351
secretion of 41
Parenchyma 315
Parenteral nutrition, total 284
Parent-to-child transmission
prevention of 150
recent protocol of prevention of 153
Partial thromboplastin time 206
Patchy restless sleep 131
Patent ductus arteriosus 24, 202
Paucibacillary disease 97
Peak pressures 491
Pedal edema 204
Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference 480, 501
conference guidelines 482, 496
recommends against corticosteroids 497
Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome 480, 481t, 482, 482t
management of 495
moderate-to-severe 495
severity of 501
survivors of 501
treatment of 480
Pediatric
Acute Liver Failure 285
advanced life support 207
allergic diseases 242
cardiac transplant 216
Crohn's disease activity index 253, 258
Endocrine Society 50
epilepsy syndrome, common 171
heart failure 204
intensive care unit 480, 495f, 513
liver transplantation 282
obstructive sleep apnea, initial cases of 126
pulmonary tuberculosis, treatment of 105
sleep questionnaire 136, 137
tuberculosis 103, 106
diagnosis of 90
ulcerative colitis 257
activity index 253
Pelvis, renal 329
Pelviureteric junction obstruction 331
Percussive ventilation, high-frequency 493
Pericardial fluid, analysis of 106
Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges 194
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells 144
Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation 482
Peritonitis, spontaneous bacterial 285
Phagocyte immunodeficiency disorders 87
Phagocytic cell defects 86
Phagocytosis 85
Phagosomes, mycobacterial 43
Pharmacokinetic booster 146
Pharyngitis 130
Pharyngotonsillitis, episodes of 129
Phenobarbitone 12
Phenotypic susceptibility testing 95
Phenylketonuria 421
Phosphine 509
gas 510
poisoning, management of 514fc
Phosphodiesterase 211
Phosphorus 46
elemental 522
white elemental 515
yellow 507
elemental 515
Phototherapy 9, 10, 11t, 13
devices 9t
supportive care during 10t
Ping pong spread 130
Plasma protein A, pregnancy-associated 453
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 486
Plasmodium falciparum malaria 393
Plateau pressure 487, 491
Platynychia 378
Plethora 5
Pleural effusion 105, 204, 205
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 60, 64
Pneumocystis
carinii 86
infection 292
jirovecii 77, 143
prevention of 152
Pneumonia 113, 483
extensive 120
severe 120
Polio vaccine 59, 65, 66
injectable 59, 64
Polyarteritis nodosa 269
Polyethylene glycol 404
Polymerase chain reaction 95, 97, 144, 194, 195, 274, 404
systems, multiplex 117
test, timing of 144
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes 190
Polyneuropathy 498
Polysomnography 136
Polytetrafluoroethylene 333
Polyuria 432
Portable digital fluorescent microscope 94
Portal vein thrombosis 291
Positive end-expiratory pressure 491
use of 481
Positive pressure ventilation 22
Positron emission tomography 90
scan 92, 500
Post-adenotonsillectomy 139
Postexposure prophylaxis 69, 275
Postextubation respiratory support 488
Post-liver transplant 281
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder 293
Povidone-iodine 426
Pregnancy, medical termination of 369
Preoxygenation 490
current methods of 489
Pressure support mode 27
Pressurized metered dose inhalers 228, 229
Preterm labor 304
Prick-to-prick test 244
Primary immunodeficiency disorders 73
treatment of 86
Prohormone 38
Prophylaxis 318, 320
Propionic academia 284
Protease inhibitors 146
Protein
interacting protein 77
rich fluid, accumulation of 484
surface 19
Proteinuria 328
Prothrombin
complex concentrate 521
time 520
Prune-Belly syndrome 332
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 81
Psoriasis 45
Psychiatric disorders 464
Psychodynamic therapy 472
Psychopharmacology 472
Psychosis 516
Psychotherapy 472
Public health interventions 165
Pulmonary artery 202
wedge pressure 514
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, removal of 481
Pulmonary tuberculosis 104
diagnosis of 104fc, 105, 106
Pulmonary vein stenosis 201
Puumala virus 158
Pyelograms 314
Pyoderma gangrenosum, acne syndrome 82
Pyrazinamidase enzyme
absence of 95
presence of 95
Pyrexia of unknown origin 92
Pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone 358
Pyrosequencing data 100
Q
Quadrivalent
formulation 163
vaccines 123
Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction 444
Quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index 45
Quinolones 94, 310
newer-generation 107
susceptibility testing of 95
R
Rabies
human monoclonal antibody 70
vaccine 59, 69
Raccoon dogs 156
Radio-allergosorbent test 243
Radioimmunoassay 47, 380, 421
Radiology 90, 91
Radiotracer 331
Ramipril 209
Randomized control trial 16, 45, 494
Rapamycin
inhibitors sirolimus, mammalian target of 295
mammalian target of 295
Rapid influenza diagnostic tests 117, 118
Rapid molecular assays 117, 118
Rattus norvegicus 506
Rattus rattus 506
Reactive oxygen species 485
Red blood
cell 2, 342, 375
distribution width 377, 379
distribution width 347, 380
indices 379
lysis 376
size distribution 380
Reflux 334
bilateral high-grade 330f
grade, lower 327
high-grade 335
intrarenal 326
nephropathy 328, 330
nonresolving persistent high-grade 333
Regurgitation, pulmonary 202
Renal disease, end-stage 327
Renal dysplasia 320
Renal failure 410
acute 516
Renal function tests 190, 206
Renal syndrome 158
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 202, 203
Respiratory
burst, defects of 80
disease, chronic 114
distress 120, 205
syndrome 16
failure
acute 120
severe 495, 496
infections, acute lower 68
rate 120, 489, 501
syncytial virus 191
syndrome coronavirus 155
system, static compliance of 487
tract infection, lower 113, 115, 120
virus 143
encephalitis 191
Restless patchy sleep 132
Reticulocyte
count 7, 347, 381
hemoglobin content 381
Retinoid X receptor 43
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction 117, 158
assay, real time 117
Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program 93, 104
Reye's encephalopathy 193
Rhinitis, allergic 233, 244
Rhythm 205
Ribavirin 359
role of 158
Ribonucleic acid
double-stranded 155
single-stranded 155
Rickets, prevention of 50
Rickettsia rickettsii 194
Rifampicin 95, 97, 109
resistance 96, 99
diagnosis of 96
false-positive cases of 108
tuberculosis cases, annual incidence of 90
Rift valley fever 164, 197
Ritonavir 148
Rituximab 407
Rodenticides 506, 521, 522t, 523
antidote 522t
poisoning 506, 508f
signs 522t
symptoms 522t
Ross classification of heart failure, modified 205t
Rotavirus 64
gastroenteritis events 66
vaccine 59, 66, 67
monovalent 59
S
Sacubitril 213
Salbutamol 226
Saline
hypertonic 92
routine instillation of 495
Salmonella typhi 67, 360
Schwartz formula 321, 322
Sclerosis, multiple 45
Seasonal influenza
A virus 118
B virus 118
epidemics 113
viruses, types of 112
Seasonal viruses 113
Second-generation line probe assay 98, 107
Sedation and neuromuscular blockade 497
Seizure
hypocalcemic 44
triad of 176f
type 170
Seoul virus 158
Serum soluble transferrin receptor 381
Servo-controlled oxygen delivery 28
Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome 499f
Severe acute respiratory syndrome 197
coronavirus 155
Shock
causes of 490
intractable 509
Short-acting beta-2 agonists 226
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome 80
Silicone 333
Sin Nombre virus 158
Sinapultide 20
Single-chain variable fragment 409
Single-photon emission computed tomography 331
Sinusitis 84
Skin tests 245
Sleep
apnea study, assessment of 133
clinical record 137
disordered breathing 126, 135, 137, 138
Smoking stool syndrome 516
Society for Adolescent Medicine 467
Sodium
fluoroacetamide 523
hypochlorite microscopy 93
iodine symporter 416
monofluoroacetate 522
potassium adenosine triphosphatase 211
Spirometry 221–223
Spironolactone 210
Splenectomy 360
Splenium, hyperintensity of 193f
Spondylitis, ankylosing 252
Sprinkles 387
Staphylococcus aureus 73, 81
Stem cell
multipotent mesenchymal 486
transplant 364
Stenosis, pulmonary 201, 202
Steroid 497
therapy 140
Stillbirths 446
Stimuli 220
Stomach 510
Stomatitis, angular 378
Streptococcus pneumoniae 79, 81
Stridor 44
Stroke, arterial ischemic 192f
Substance abuse 458, 464
Sudden cardiac death 204
Suicidal attempt, treatment of 470
Suicidal behaviour
acute management of 470
guidelines 474
management of 468
Suicide 458, 462t
attempts 458
causes of 458, 459
impulsive 461
prevention of 458, 466, 467, 473
risk 465
factors for 461
Sulfamethoxazole 333
Sunlight exposure, role of 50
Superconducting quantum interference device 350
Superoxide dismutase 509
Supportive therapy 120, 450
Suprapubic aspirate 307
Surgery, cardiac 204
Sympathetic nervous system 201, 203
Sympathomimetic amines 211
Synchondrosis, sphenobasioccipital 135f
Syncope 204
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 483
Systemic lupus erythematosus 45, 76, 82
Systemic vascular resistance 206
T
Tachycardia 200
ventricular 523
Tacrolimus 295
monotherapy 298
Tandem mass spectrometry 421
T-cell
defects, regulatory 80
precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia, early 403
receptor 73
Teflon 333
Telangiectasia, hemorrhagic 373
Tenofovir 148, 151
alafenamide 145
disoproxil fumerate 145
Terizidone susceptibility testing 95
Thalamic basal ganglia 192f
Thalassemia 340, 346f, 351t, 352, 359
intermedia 345
major 343f, 345
inheritance of 343f
management of 351, 352t
minor 347, 349f
nontransfusion dependent 343, 345, 346f, 357
prenatal diagnosis of 369
prevention of 369
syndromes 340, 345
transfusion dependent 343, 345, 346f
Thalidomide 366
Thallium 522
Thiazides 210
Throat
infections, recurrent 129
swab 115, 116
Thrombocytopenia 261
congenital 77
syndrome 164, 197
Thrombomodulin 484
Thrombophlebitis 130
Thrombosis 486
Thymic defects 77
Thyroglobulin 426
Thyroid
binding globulin 417
development 416
dysgenesis 418
dyshormonogenesis 418
follicular cells 418
function tests 206
hormone 418
receptor 420b
peroxidase 419
stimulating hormone 351, 363, 417, 418
Thyrotropin releasing hormone 416
Tidal volume 491
Tisagenlecleucel 410
T-lymphocytes 43
Tonic-clonic seizures
generalized 174, 175, 183
myoclonic 174
Tonsillar hypertrophy 134f
Tonsillar infections, recurrent 128, 141
Tonsillectomy 125, 141
Tonsillitis, recurrent 128
Tonsillopharyngitis
favorable natural history of 129
natural history of recurrent 129
Tonsils 127
Topiramate 178
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection 202
Total iron binding capacity 349, 377, 379, 380
Total serum bilirubin 5, 7b, 11, 13
Toxic shock syndrome 114
Toxicity
cardiac 516
clinical manifestations of 517
mechanism of 509
renal 516
Tracheal aspirates 115, 116
Tracheal suctioning 495
Transcutaneous ventricular assist device 215
Transferrin saturation 348, 379, 380
Transfusion
therapy 352, 353t
initiation of 353
management of complications of 354
transmitted infections 359
Transient drop, sedation-induced 490
Transient myeloproliferative disorder 442
Traumatic brain injury, severe 28
Trial off therapy 428
Tricuspid regurgitation 202
Triiodothyronine 416
Trimethoprim 320, 333
Trisomy 21 440f, 443b, 445f
Trivalent oral polio vaccine 65
Tuberculin skin test 101
Tuberculomas 92
Tuberculosis 58, 90, 143, 153, 195, 260t
abdominal 106
diagnosis of 90, 91, 95, 96, 99, 101, 108
disease, diagnosis of 91
drug resistant 100, 107, 107fc
histopathological feature of 90
meningitis 189
diagnosis of 92
pericardial 106
polymerase chain reaction 190, 260
risk of developing 153
Tubular necrosis, acute 516
Tumor necrosis factor 81, 410, 484, 485
Typhoid
conjugate vaccine 64, 67
vaccine 59, 67
Tyrosine kinase 402
inhibitors 402
U
Ulcerative colitis 250, 251t, 252f, 254, 256, 257
management of 257fc
Ulcers, superficial 252f
Ultrasonography 90, 91, 445
Ultrasound 314, 500
Ultraviolet B rays 50
Umbilical cord clamping 17
United States Agency for International Development 144
Upper airway resistance syndrome 131
Upper gastrointestinal
endoscopy 253
tract 254
Upper respiratory tract infections 83
Ureter
intramural 325
submucosal 325
ultrasonography of 329
Ureteral hiatus 326f
Ureterovesical junction 324, 325
normal 325f
refluxing 325f
Urethral valves, posterior 318
Urinary tract
dysfunction, lower 333
infection 304, 310t, 311t, 324, 334
documentation of 329
radiological tests for 314t
symptoms, lower 328
Urine
output 115
protein 321
specimen 329
V
Vaccine 165
composition 163
preventable diseases 153
production purposes 117
strains 123
Valproate 178
Valsartan 213
Varicella
encephalopathy 189
zoster virus 195
Vascular injury, pulmonary 486
Vasculitis 189
Vasodilation, pulmonary 494
Vasopressin 513
Vedolizumab 256
Vein, internal jugular 130
Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 496
Ventilation
high-frequency 480, 493
index 500
invasive 489
modes of 490
nonconventional 480, 492
perfusion 494
volume-targeted 26
Ventricular
assist device 207, 215
fibrillation 511, 523
septal defect 202
Vesicoureteral reflux 318, 319, 324, 326, 328, 331, 332, 336
grades of 327f
natural history of 327
management of 334, 335
Vigabatrin 175
Vincristine 403
Violence 458
Viral replication, inhibition of 121
Viral upper respiratory infections 128
Virion, release of 163
Virus
emergence, different stages of 155
isolation 117, 118
neutralization tests 119
nucleoprotein 119
transmission of 265
Vital fluorescent staining 93
Vitamin
B12, defects of 78
C, role of 356
D 44t
assay 47
content, low 43
deficiency of 38, 39, 40t, 41t, 44, 50
extraskeletal role of 52
intramuscular injection of 48
metabolism 42f
physiology of 41
receptor 38, 42
response element 42, 43
role of 38
serves 38
status 38, 39, 47t
supplementation, beneficial effect of 45
treatment doses of 49t
D2 binding protein 42
K 521
antagonists 518
Volatile organic compounds 224, 225
Volutrauma 487
Vomiting 5, 204
W
Waldeyer's sheath 326f
Weaning 501
West syndrome 175
triad of 177f
West-Nile virus disease 189
Wheeze 220
recurrent 133
White blood cell 345, 399
Whole-cell pertussis vaccine 64
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 77, 85, 260
World Federation for Mental Health 474
World Health Organization 64, 93, 147, 148t, 401b, 461
World Suicide Prevention Day 474
Wormian bones 420
X
X-linked agammaglobulinemia 74
Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis 99
Y
Yersinia enterocolitica 360
Z
Zanamivir 163
Zellweger syndrome 446
Zidovudine 145, 147, 148
Ziehl-Neelsen
microscopy, future of 94
staining 93
Zika
disease 164
infection, treatment of 160
virus 159
Zinc
finger nucleases 367
phosphide 507, 508, 514, 522
protoporphyrin 381
Zoonotic diseases, incidence of 155
Zoster encephalitis 191, 192f
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