Recent Advances in Minimal Access Surgery-2 Subhash Khanna
INDEX
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVW
Page numbers followed by f refer to figure, and t refer to table.
A
Abdominoperineal resection 10, 12
Acetaminophen 22, 23, 26
Adenocarcinoma 6, 213
Adjuvant therapy 124
use of 12
Adult respiratory distress syndrome 145
Airway 212
Altemeir's procedure 85, 86, 93
Ambulation, early 27
American Cancer Statistics 66
American College of Gastroenterology 112
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 29
American Joint Committee on Cancer 43, 210
American Society for Enhanced Recovery 29
American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery 22, 164
American Society of Anesthesiologists Guidelines 21
American Society of Clinical Oncology 112
American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons 114, 116
rectal prolapse of 88
Amine precursor 48
Anal encirclement operation 84
Analgesia
multimodal 22, 24
opiate-sparing 26, 27, 116
paravertebral 136
thoracic epidural 136
Analgesics
dosage of 23
nonnarcotic 22
use of postoperative 188
Anesthesia
bariatric 177
general 174
Anesthetics, intraoperative 23
Angioectasia 4
Antibiotics, intravenous 221
Antiemetic prophylaxis 23, 26, 27
Anti-glycan antibodies 3
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies 3
Anti-reflux valve 169
Anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies 3
Anxiety 190
Aorta 212
Appetite loss 190
Arterial counterparts 157
Arteriovenous malformation 4
Artery
hepatic 40f
ileocolic 157, 157f
right colic 157
supermesenteric 159
Association of Laparoscopic Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland 235
Atelectrauma 135
Azygos vein 212
B
Bacteremia 137
Bacterial translocation 91
Balloon enteroscopy 7
Bariatric enhanced recovery 28
Bariatric instruments 176
Bariatric procedure 170
Bariatric surgery 19, 167, 177, 219
options 175
Barotrauma 135
Barrett's esophagus 137, 169
Basement membrane 212
Bikini laparoscopic cholecystectomy 231
Bile duct
carcinomas 43
resection 40
Bile reflux 168
risk of 169
Biliary branches, secondary 36
Biliary cancer
comprises gallbladder cancer 35
laparoscopy for 35
staging laparoscopy in 35
Biliary gastritis 169
Biliary malignancies 43
Biliary reflux 175
Biliary system, core section of 43
Biliary tumors 43
Biliopancreatic diversion 103, 106, 166, 176
Biliopancreatic limb 167, 169
lengthening of 175
longer 166
Biopsy, gastroscopic 168
Bismuth carcinomas 44
Bladder cancer 29
Bleeding 4, 111
intra-abdominal 168
intraluminal 168
Blind-ending cystic sac 6
Blood
count, complete 220, 224
loss, reduced 180
Body mass index 70, 166
Bougie, size of 223
Bowel 177
disease
habits 111
obstruction 111
preparation 22, 116
Breast, reconstructive 28
Breath test biomarkers 4
C
Cancer
colorectal 69, 70, 110, 154
esophagus 131
Capnomediastinum 136
Capsule endoscopy 1, 50
Carbohydrate
drink 26
loading 21
Carbon dioxide
extraperitoneal 135
insufflation 138
Carcinoid 131
syndrome 50t, 51
tumors 50t
Carcinoma 131
gallbladder, early 38
hepatocellular 42
in situ 210
of esophagus, pathologic TNM staging of 211
Catabolism 24
Catheter, placement of 24
Caudate lobe resection 44
Cavity, abdominal 193
Celiac disease diagnosis of 4
Cell membrane 48
Central lymph nodes 153
Central vascular ligation 153, 156
Cervical
anastomosis 147
dissection, omission of 147
esophagus 141
Chemoprophylaxis 24
Chemoradiotherapy
long course 113
neoadjuvant 9, 146
Chemotherapy 113
neoadjuvant 113, 214
Chest wall 143
Cholangiocarcinoma
intrahepatic 42
laparoscopy for 42
perihilar 44
treatment of 42
Cholecystectomy 41
laparoscopic 231
mini-laparoscopic 233
postlaparoscopic 37
radical 41
robotic single port 233
two-port laparoscopic 232
Cholelithiasis 231
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 133
Cineloop defecography rectal prolapse 83f
Circumferential resection margin 9, 68, 119
Closed suction drains 24
Coagulopathy 137
Coloanal anastomosis 12
Colon cancer
basis of 154
left-sided 156
right-sided 154
surgical resection of 152
technique for 152
descending 156
Colonic nets 60
Colonoscopy 111
Combined modality therapy 112
Complete capsule endoscopy setup 2f
Complete mesocolic excision 155, 156, 159
review of 152
technique of 156
Computed tomography 208
contrast-enhanced 112
Connective tissue disorders 81
Constipation, risk of 22
C-reactive protein 182, 190, 193, 220
Crohn's disease 3–5, 7
endoscopic index of severity 5
Cystectomy 29
D
D’Hoore ventral rectopexy 89
da Vinci surgical system 12
Decubitus position, lateral 142
Deep venous thrombosis 22, 173
Dehydration, risk of 22
Delorme's procedure 85, 86f
Denonvilliers’ fascia 72, 152
Diabetes 219, 223
mellitus 98
type 2 165, 173
Diaphragm 212
Dieulafoy's lesion 4
Digital rectal examination 111
Discomfort, abdominal 22
Disease-free survival 113
Distal ascending colon 158
Distal coning 121
Distal margin 119
Distant metastasis 211, 212
Double-balloon enteroscopy 50
Drain along staple line, use of 223
Duodenal carcinoids 56
Duodenal switch 103, 106, 166, 176
Duodenojejunal bypass 176
Duodenum containing carcinoid tumor by laparoscopic stapler, laparoscopic resection of 58f
Dyslipidemia 98
Dysphagia 101
Dysplasia, high-grade 212
E
Electrolyte abnormalities 22
Embolism, pulmonary 24, 168
Endoscope-assisted laparoscopic
intragastric and transgastric resection technique 54f
wedge resection 53f
Endoscopic cooperative surgery 193
Endoscopic mucosal resection 51, 60
Endoscopic staple 53f
Endoscopic submucosal
dissection 53f
injection around tumor 55f
Endoscopic techniques 103, 104
Endoscopic ultrasound 209, 210
Endoscopy 1, 5, 50, 53f, 56
conventional 1
device assisted 3
imaging in 1
intraoperative 191
Endotherapy 221, 226
End-to-end anastomosis 143
stapler 144, 144f
Enhanced recovery after bariatric surgery 22
protocol 25
Enhanced recovery after surgery
components 20
goals of 19
Erosion 101
Esophageal cancer 148, 208, 215
surgery of 131
Esophageal carcinoma 131
Esophageal dilatation 101
Esophageal hiatus, visualization of 142
Esophageal mucosa 169
Esophagectomy 136
open 132, 146
transhiatal 62, 132
Esophagitis 169
Esophagogastric anastomosis, thoracoscopic creation of 144f
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy 138
Esophagus 62, 168
cancer of 131, 211
neoplasm of 131
proximal 144
European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer 147
European Society for Medical Oncology 112
Exclusion technique 222
Extensive extramural venous invasion 112
Extrahepatic bile duct 37
resections 42
Extralevator abdominoperineal excision 117
Extramesorectal nodes 112
Extramural vascular invasion 112
F
Fascia
mesocolic 156
mesorectal 112
parietal 152
visceral 152
Fast-track surgery, concept of 189
Fatigue, postoperative 190
Fecal incontinence 82
Feeding, early 27
Fibrin sealants 223
Fine needle aspiration 112
Fistula, management of 103
Flagellins, subtypes of 3
Fluid management 116
Foveolar hyperplasia 168
G
Gabapentin 23, 26
Gallbladder 231
benign disease 38
cancer 36, 37
carcinoma 37, 38
incidental 38
laparoscopy for 37
perforation, absence of 37
Gallstones 58
Gastrectomy
open distal 180
robotic 192
trials 190
Gastric
adenocarcinoma 188
artery, left 188
band
addition of 106f
complications 101f
over enlarged pouch after gastric bypass 103f
bypass 219, 225f
proximal 166
cancer 180, 182, 189, 190, 208–210
early 189, 194
management of 180
pathologic TNM staging of 210
primary 182
staging 216
carcinoma 188
conduit 144
mobilization 139f
mucosa 169
nets 51
neuroendocrine tumors, types of 52t
outlet obstruction 100, 139
perforation, risk of 158
pouch 102, 169, 224
tube
longer 165
narrower 165
tubularization 140, 141f
wall, posterior 54f
Gastrocolic trunk 157f
Gastroenteritis, eosinophilic 7
Gastroepiploic vein 157
Gastroesophageal junction 211, 216
tumor 141, 208
Gastroesophageal reflux disease 99, 101, 166
Gastro-gastric fistula 100, 102
after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass 103f
Gastrointestinal
leak 219
after bariatric surgery 227
neoplasms 6
surgery 29
swallow, upper 24
tract 48
Gastrojejunal anastomosis 166
Gastrojejunostomy 102, 104, 224
Gastroparesis 168
Gastrostomy
closure of 144f
resection of 144f
Gene Xpert, role of 6
Genitourinary function 16
Glucagon-like peptide-1 167
Glucose intolerance 98
Glycemic control 166
Goal-directed therapy 136
H
Harvested lymph nodes 188
Heald's holy plane 67f
Health economic benefits 25
Heart disease, ischemic 133
Heartburn, symptoms of 169
Hemorrhage 177
Hemorrhoids, internal 82f
Heparin, unfractionated 24
Hepatic artery, common 39
Hepatic flexure 158
Hepatic functions tests 174
Hepatic resection 45
Hernia
hiatal 99
incisional 123
port site 168
Hilar cholangiocarcinoma 36, 43, 44
Holy plane 120, 122
Hybrid esophagectomy 146
Hyperglycemia
high risk of 21
uncontrolled 26
Hypertension 98, 219, 223
Hypoalbuminemia 223
Hypoglycemia 99
Hypoproteinemia 219
Hypovolemia 137
I
Ileum, terminal 5
Improper stapling technique 219, 224
Indocyanine green
intraoperative 123
simultaneous 191
Infection 101, 102, 137
risk of 21
Inferior mesenteric artery 156
Inflammation, chronic 173
Infra-red illuminated stents 123
Injury, iatrogenic 177
Insulin 21
releasing substances 167
resistance 21, 24
Interleukin-6 189
International Federation for Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders 164
Intersphincteric resection 117
Intestinal tuberculosis diagnosis of 5
Intestine 169
Intracranial pressure 137
Intra-gastric balloon insertion 174
Intramesocolic propria 154
Intraoperative leak test 223, 227
Intrathoracic esophagus, thoracoscopic mobilization of 147
Intussusception, rectorectal 83f
Invasion, depth of 112
Irritable bowel syndrome 5
Ivor Lewis esophagectomy 62, 137
J
Japanese Laparoscopic Surgery Study Group 181
Japanese Society for Cancer of Colon and Rectum 112, 154
Jaundice 111
Jejunal and ileal NETs 57
Jejunojejunal anastomosis 224
Jejunojejunostomy 224
Joint pains 98
K
Kaplan-Meier univariate analysis 146
Karnofsky score 133
Klatskin tumor 43
Korean Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Study Group 181
L
Laparoscopic
abdominoperineal resection, port position for 63f
adjustable gastric band 101, 176
addition of 105
assisted
distal gastrectomy 188
endoscopic resection 53f
gastrectomy 180, 191
resection 75
surgery 69
total gastrectomy 189
colorectal train trainers course 235, 236
cooperative surgery 193
distal gastrectomy 56
endoscopic combined surgery 54f
gastrectomy 182, 188, 189, 192, 193
port position for 56f
gastric tube creation 147
intraoperative ultrasound 35
liver resection 35
low anterior resection, port position for 62f
procedures 100
radical
cholecystectomy 39
distal gastrectomy 188
gastrectomy 190
resection 58, 61
rectopexy 88
right colectomy 160
segmental duodenectomy 58f
sentinel node 213
seromuscular dissection around tumor 55f
sleeve gastrectomy 99, 104, 166, 219
spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy 193
stomach-preserving surgery 191
surgery 16, 41
use of 188
thoracoscopic
esophagectomy 137
McKeown approach 147
total gastrectomy 182
transhiatal
esophagectomy 137
mobilization 147
ventral mesh rectopexy 91, 92f
whole-layer cholecystectomy 41
Laparoscopy 53f, 56
diagnostic 36, 208
long-term follow-up of 189
minimally invasive surgical techniques of 215
role of 216
Laparotomy nontherapeutic 36
Large redundant sigmoid colon 81
Leak
after sleeve gastrectomy, common site for 220t
gastrojejunal 225
incidence of 224t
location of 224t
presentation, timing of 220
risk factors for 219
site of 220f, 224
Leaking part, suturing of 221
Left hemicolectomy, port position for 61f
Leiomyosarcomas 131
Lesser omentum 139
Lesser pain 180
Leukocyte count 189
Levator ani
joins rectum 119f
muscle 92
Levatorplasty 86
Ligament of Treitz 165
Limb, alimentary 167
Linitis plastica carcinoma 210
Liver 177
cancer, primary 42
cirrhosis 133
parenchyma, major 43
resection
extent of 39
open 43
tumors, primary 42
Lloyd-Davies position, modified 138
Loco regional recurrences 66
Loop gastric bypass 164
Low rectal cancers, management of 10
Low-molecular weight heparin 174
Low-pressure system 166
Luminal gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors 48
Luminal neuroendocrine tumors, surgical management of 48
Lung
injury 135
acute 135
ventilation 134
Lymph node 154, 155, 210, 213, 214
gastroepiploic 159
mesocolic 154
metastasis 188
nonlocoregional 36
number of 9, 191, 192
perigastric 188
prepyloric extramesocolic 158
Lymphadenectomy 40f, 43, 153, 188, 193
extent of 39
laparoscopic 41, 43
mesenteric 5
Lymphocyte count 189
Lymphoma 6, 131
Lymphovascular drainage 153
Lymphovascular invasion 68
M
Magnetic resonance imaging 66, 73, 209
high resolution 73
Malaise 111
Malignancy, risk of 169
Malignant cells 212
Malnutrition 99, 100
Mason's loop gastric bypass 165, 169
Mechanical bowel preparation 22, 116
role of 22
Meckel diverticulum 6
Melanomas 131
Mesh rectopexy 89
Mesocolic anatomy, appreciation of 152
Mesocolic defects 153f
Mesocolic vasculature 156
Mesorectal excision 68, 122f
in minimally invasive rectal cancer surgery, evidence-based management of 66
Mesorectal nodes 112
Mesorectum 66, 68, 121
irregularities on 121
Metabolic and bariatric
surgery accreditation and quality improvement program 20
surgical clinical reviewer 28
Metabolic procedure 98, 170
chronic complications of 99
Metabolic surgery, reoperative 98
Metabolic syndrome 98
resolution of 165
Metastasis 188, 211
port site 40
Metastatic deposits 49f
Metastatic disease 209
presence of 210
Metastatic neuroendocrine tumor 49f
Mid rectal cancers, management of 10
Midthoracic esophageal tumor 137
Mini-gastric bypass 164
one-anastomosis gastric bypass, current status of 164, 169
Minimal access
methods 52
surgery 48
Minimally invasive
approach, evidences in support of 132
esophagectomy 133–135, 138, 145
laparoscopic port placement of 138f
technique 145
thoracoscopic port placement for 142f
tissue edema 136
method 118
surgery 16, 133, 145–148, 180
Minimum nutritional effects 167
Mobilization, rectal 87
Mucus discharge 82
Multidisciplinary team approach 111
Multimodal accelerated recovery trajectory 29
Multiple randomized controlled trials 69
Muscle strength, loss of 24
Muscularis
mucosa 210, 212
propria, visualization of 122f
submucosa 212
N
Nasogastric tube 23
National Comprehensive Cancer Network 112
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence 134
Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery 231, 233
Nausea
management of 24
postoperative 23, 30, 116
Needlescopic procedures 231
Neoadjuvant therapy 113, 114
indication of 113t
Neoadjuvant treatment 112
Nerve
autonomic 16
blocks, regional 23
compression 177
sparing 122
Neuroendocrine system 48
Neuroendocrine tumor 6, 48, 62
laparoscopic duodenal excision of 57f
Neuropeptides 48
Neurotransmitters 48
Non-exposed endoscopic wall-inversion surgery 55f
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 7, 23
enteropathy 7
Nutrition 225
early postoperative 24
preoperative 21
Nutritional
complications 175
deficiency rate 167
optimization 115
risk screening 134
status 190
O
Obesity 98
prevalence of 173
Obstructed defecation syndrome 86
Obstruction, intestinal 6
Obstructive sleep apnea 98
high risk of 173
Omentum 177
One-anastomosis gastric bypass 164, 175
Open spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy 193
Osteoarthritis, severe 173
Ostomy 123
Oxygen dependency 223
P
Pain
abdominal 111
back 111
chronic 25
management plan 25
postoperative 100, 180
Pancreas 159
posterior superior 39
Pancreaticoduodenal vein, anterior 157
Pancreaticoduodenectomy 56
Parenchymal liver deposits 36
Parenteral nutrition, total 221
Peak insulin secretion, early 166
Pelvic
floor 112
disorders 81
magnetic resonance imaging, high resolution 112
pain 111
Perforation 111
Pericardium 143, 212
Perineal procedures 84
Perineal stapled prolapse resection 87
Perineural invasion 68
Perioperative fluid management 116, 136
Peritoneal reflection 112
Peritoneum 212
visceral 153, 211
Petersen's defect 165
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome 6
Plasma chromogranin 50
Pneumonia 145
Pneumoperitoneum 138, 232
Pneumothorax 143
Polycystic ovarian disease 98
Polypectomy 60
Positron emission tomography scans 210
Post sleeve gastrectomy leak 219
Posterior mesh rectopexy 90
Postgastric bypass leak 223
Postweight loss surgery enteral leaks evidence-based management 219
Potassium chloride 7
Pouch dilatation 101
Pouch of Douglas 81, 92
Preoperative radiation therapy options 113
PRISMA diagram 12
Proctosigmoidectomy, perineal 86
Prophylactic ureteral stenting 122
Protein malnutrition higher risk of 167
Pyloroplasty 140
laparoscopic 140f
Q
Quality of life, health-related 145, 146
Quirke's grading protocol 121t
R
Radial resection margin 119
Radical abdominoperineal resection 110
Radiological imaging, advances in 3
Rectal adenocarcinoma
resection of 9, 10
surgical management of 9
Rectal cancer 69, 75, 111, 123
laparoscopic resection for 61
management of 152
signs of 111t
surgery
pathologist's role in 68
perioperative optimization of 110
symptoms of 111t
treatment of 16, 66, 67
upper 120f
Rectal carcinoma 9, 16, 17
robotic-assisted surgery for 15
treatment of 10
Rectal mucosal prolapse 81f
Rectal NETs 60
Rectal prolapse 80, 82f, 93
complete 80f, 81f
procedures 92
recurrent 93
surgical procedures for 84
Rectal surgery, holy plane of 110
Rectal tumor
obstructed 123
regression, MRI grading of 114t
Rectopexy
resection 88f
robotic 92
transabdominal
resection 88
sutured 87
Rectosigmoidectomy, perineal 86
Reflux disease 166
Regional lymph node 211, 212
dissection 121
involvement of 210
metastasis 211, 212
Regurgitation, symptoms of 169
Rehabilitation, accelerate postoperative 190
Renal functions tests 174
Resection, robotic-assisted 12
Restrictive procedure 102
Right colectomy group 160
Right colon complete mesocolic excision 157f
Right hemicolectomy 59
port position for 61f
Ripstein procedure 89, 89f
Ripstein repair 89
Robotic surgery 9, 10, 16, 17, 75
development of 16
Robotic Train Trainer Course 235, 237
Roux limb, distalization of 103
Roux-en-O configuration 224
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass 23, 99, 102, 105, 105f, 164, 175
revision of failed 104
S
Sacrocolpopexy, abdominal 93
Sarcoma 6, 131
Scopolamine patch 26
Self-expending-metallic-stent 222
Sentinel basin dissection 191
Sentinel lymph node
guided surgery 191
mapping 191
navigation surgery 191
Sepsis 137
Sequential compression devices 24
Serological tests 3
Shackelford's surgery 60
Shear wave elastography 3
Shock 137
Short course preoperative radiotherapy 113
Single anastomosis duodeno-ileal switch 176
Single incision laparoscopic
cholecystectomy 231, 233
surgery 73
Single lung ventilation 135
Single port laparoscopic distal gastrectomy 192
Skeletal muscle 21
Sleep apnea 219
presence of 223
Sleeve gastrectomy 19, 24, 175, 176, 220f
Sling rectopexy, anterior 89
Small bowel
diseases 1
disorders 4
diverticula 6
mass lesions 6
mucosal damage 4
neoplasias 7
Small cell carcinomas 131
Small intestinal cancer 6
Small intestine neuroendocrine tumors 6
Society Manual of Enhanced Recovery Programs 29
Specimen extraction techniques 193
Spectral attenuated inversion recovery 73
Sphincter
complex 112
saving procedures 117
sparing resection 117
Spine 28
Spleen 177
Spoiled gradient echo 209
Squamous cell carcinoma 212
Staging laparoscopy 35, 208, 213, 214
post neoadjuvant chemotherapy, role of 214
technique of 213
Staple line reinforcement and fibrin sealant 223
Stapled transanal rectal resection 86
Stapler hemorrhoidectomy, technique of 86
Stent, deployment of 222
Stereolithography 73
Stoma closure 124
Stomach 224
Stress, surgical 189
Super obesity 173
large left liver lobe in 178f
Superior mesenteric vein 156, 157, 157f
Surgery 131, 180, 221, 226
choice of 117
colorectal 116
metabolic 106
open 41, 133, 223
plane of 121
revisional 223
robot-assisted 45
timing of 114
Surgical resection, optimal principles of 118
Surgical site infection 168
System leak 101, 102
T
TEO platform 71f
Thiersch procedure 84, 85f
Thoracic aorta, descending 143
Thoracoscopy, minimally invasive surgical techniques of 215
Three-dimensional structures 73
Thrombocytopenia 137
Thromboembolism, risk for 24
Thromboprophylaxis 19, 24, 116
Thrombosis, cancer-associated 116
Toldt's fascia 156
Torsion, anastomotic 168
Total laparoscopic distal gastrectomy 193
Total laparoscopic-thoracoscopic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy 147, 148
Total mesorectal excision 9, 10, 66, 67, 110, 120, 152
specimen 121
Transabdominal approach 120
Transabdominal transanal operations 70
Transabdominal transanal procedure development of 110
Transanal endoscopic microsurgery 66, 71, 75f
devices 62f
Transanal endoscopic surgery 118
Transanal minimally invasive surgery 62f, 66, 118, 118f
Transanal total mesorectal excision 67, 70, 110, 121
procedure 71
Transpulmonary pressure, excessive 135
Transversus abdominis plane 23
block 23, 26
Trouble shooting scenarios 237
Tube disconnection 101
Tumor 212
cell dissemination, risk of 37
distal edge of 112
gastrointestinal 208
invades
adjacent structures 211, 212
adventitia 212
lamina propria 210, 212
muscularis propria 211, 212
other adjacent structures 212
pleura 212
serosa 211
submucosa 210, 212
invasion, depth of 210
left-sided 159
localization of 54f
pancreatic neuroendocrine 6
penetrates subserosal connective tissue 211
primary 51, 112, 210, 212
retraction of 55f
submucosal 192
tissue 48
Two-dimensional images 73
U
Ulcer, marginal 99, 100
Ultrasound, contrast-enhanced 3
United Kingdom Medical Research Council 69
Urinary
catheters 24
symptoms 111
V
Vaginal prolapse procedures 92
Vein
ileocolic 157f
right colic 157
Vertebral body 212
Very low-calorie liquid diet 174
Visual analogue scale pain score 147
Volutrauma 135
Vomiting, postoperative 30, 116
W
Watch-and-wait approach 124
Weight loss 100, 111, 165
excess 98
Wells posterior mesh rectopexy 90f
Wells procedure 90
White light endoscopy capsule 2f
Wound dehiscence, lower risk of 182
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Chapter Notes

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Recent Advances in Minimal Access Surgery-2 (Under the Banner of Indian Association of Gastrointestinal Endo-Surgeons & Swagat Health & Educational Trust)
INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF GASTROINTESTINAL ENDO-SURGEONS & SWAGAT HEALTH & EDUCATIONAL TRUST
Recent Advances in Minimal Access Surgery-2 (Under the Banner of Indian Association of Gastrointestinal Endo-Surgeons & Swagat Health & Educational Trust)
Editor-in-Chief Subhash Khanna MS, FICS, FIAGES (Hony), FALS (Hony), FICLS (Hony) President - Indian Association of Gastrointestinal Endo Surgeons (2018) Vice President - International College of Surgeons (Indian Section) Convener Fellowship Board- IAGES (2016) Chief Medical Director and Chief Consultant- Swagat Endolaparoscopic Surgical Research Institute and Swagat Superspeciality Surgical Institute Dean- Swagat Academy of Medical Sciences President- Association of Surgeons of Assam (2014) Editorial Board Member- Journal of Minimal Access Surgery Ex-Vice President- Indian Association of Gastrointestinal Endo-Surgeons Ex-Vice President- Hernia Society of India Ex-Governing Council Member- Association of Surgeons of India (Assam Chapter) Shantipur, Guwahati, Assam, India. Associate Editors Ramesh Agarwalla M Kanagavel Invited Editor CR Selvasekar Foreword Aurora Pryor
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Recent Advances in Minimal Access Surgery-2
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CONTRIBUTORS
  • AK Kriplani MBBS MS MD
  • Director and Head Minimal Access
  • Bariatric and GI Surgery
  • Fortis Memorial Research Institute
  • Sector- 44, Gurugram, India
  • Akshan Ugale MS
  • Department of Advanced
  • Laparoscopy, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery
  • Kirloskar and Virinchi Hospitals
  • Hyderabad, India
  • Amit Chopde DNB
  • Senior Resident, Santokba Institute of Digestive Surgical Sciences (SIDSS)
  • Santokba Durlabhji Memorial Hospital (SDMH)
  • Jaipur, India.
  • Arunima Verma MS MRCS (Ed) FIAGES
  • Fellowship in advance Minimal Access Surgery (UK)
  • Consultant Surgeon, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, India
  • Ashish Khetan MS
  • Senior Resident, Santokba Institute of Digestive Surgical Sciences (SIDSS)
  • Santokaba Durlabhji Memorial Hospital (SDMH), Jaipur, India
  • Avinash Tank MBBS MS MCh
  • (Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation)
  • Fellow Liver Transplantation and Pancreas Surgery: Japan and South Korea.
  • Executive Committee Member (2017-2019): IHPBA India (International Hepato-Pancreatico-biliary Association: Indian Chapter)
  • Ayushka Ugale MBBS MS
  • Department of Advanced Laparoscopy, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery
  • Kirloskar and Virinchi Hospitals
  • Hyderabad, India
  • Bijendra K Sinha
  • CR Selvasekar MD FRCSEd (Gen), MFSTEd Pg Cert (Med Ed) MBA
  • Consultant General, Colorectal Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgeon
  • Director of Surgery, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust
  • Manchester M20 4BX
  • Hon. Sr Lecturer, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
  • Daksh Sethi MBBS MS DMAS FLHS
  • Institute of Minimal Access, Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery
  • Sir Ganga Ram Hospital
  • New Delhi, India
  • Daniel B Jones MD MS FACS
  • Professor of Surgery
  • Harvard Medical School
  • Vice Chair of Surgery
  • Office of Technology and Innovation
  • Chief, Minimally Invasive Surgical Services
  • Director of the Bariatric Program
  • Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
  • Deep Goel DNB (Surgery) FACS (USA) FRCS (England)
  • Consultant Robotic Surgeon
  • Director of Surgical Gastroentero Oncology, Bariatric and Minimal Access Surgery
  • BL Kapur Superspeciality Hospital
  • New Delhi, India
  • Dipak Kumar Sarma MS FAIS FICS FIAGES FMAS
    Professor of Surgery and HOD of Emergency Medicine Department
    Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
  • Jaydeep H Palep MS FIAGES FALS
  • Director and Head
  • Department of Bariatric and Minimal Access Surgery
  • Nanavati Super specialty Hospital
  • Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • Mahim Koshariya MS FMAS FAIS FIAGES FALS FIASGO
  • Professor and Unit Head
  • Department of Surgery
  • Gandhi Medical College and Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal, India
  • Matthew Albert MD FACS FASCRS
  • Center for Colon and Rectal Surgery
  • Advent Health Orlando
  • Orlando, FL 32804, USA
  • Nadeem Mushtaque Ahmed MBBS MS (General Surgery) FIAGES FNB Minimal Access Surgery
  • Associate Consultant
  • Department of Surgery, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata, India
  • Nidhi Khandelwal
  • MBBS MS (General Surgery)
  • Bariatric Surgeon and Obesity Surgeon, Nanavati Super Speciality Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • Norbert Garcia-Henriquez MD
  • Center for Colon and Rectal Surgery
  • Advent Health Orlando
  • Orlando, FL 32804, USA
  • Pankaj Kumar MS (Surgery)
  • Assistant Professor
  • Department of General Surgery
  • All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar
  • Odisha, India
  • Pranav Mandovra MBBS MS (General Surgery) FMAS
  • Fellowship in Colorectal Surgery (MUHS) FACRSI
  • Junior Consultant
  • Digestive Disease Centre
  • Zen Multispeciality Hospital Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • Prasanna Kumar Reddy
  • MB FRCS (Edin. Eng. Glasg.) FACG (USA) DSc (Hon) Diploma in Surgical Laparoscopy (Fr)
  • Head of Department and Senior Consultant, Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Minimal Access Surgery
  • Apollo Main Hospitals
  • Chennai, India
  • Prateek Malpani
  • Senior Resident
  • Department of Surgery
  • Gandhi Medical College and Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal, India
  • Rajesh Bhojwani MCh
  • Senior Consultant and Head Santokba Institute of Digestive Surgical Sciences (SIDSS)
  • Santokba Durlabhji Memorial Hospital (SDMH), Jaipur, India
  • Ravindra Vats MS (Surgery) FALS (Bariatric)
  • Senior Consultant
  • Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Bariatric and Minimal Access Surgery
  • BL Kapur Superspeciality Hospital
  • New Delhi, India
  • Roy V Patankar MS FICS FMAS FRCS (Glasg) FRCS (Ed) FALS FICS PhD (Gastro, UK)
  • Senior Consultant and Head
  • Digestive Disease Centre
  • Zen Multispeciality Hospital Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • S Enoch
  • Sandeep Aggarwal MS FACS FCLS
  • Department of Surgical Disciplines
  • All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
  • Shashank Rastogi
  • Souheil Adra MD
  • Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
  • Souvik Paul MS (Surgery)
  • DNB Fellow Surgical Gastroenterology
  • Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Bariatric and Minimal Access Surgery
  • BL Kapur Superspeciality Hospital
  • New Delhi, India
  • Stephanie B Jones MD
  • Vice Chair for Education Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine
  • Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
  • Subhash Khanna MS FICS FIAGES (Hony) FALS (Hony) FICLS (Hony)
  • President-Indian Association of Gastrointestinal Endo Surgeons (2018)
  • Vice President-International College of Surgeons (Indian Section)
  • Chief Editor-Recent Advances In Minimal Access Surgery) Convener Fellowship Board-IAGES (2016)
  • Chief Medical Director and Chief Consultant-Swagat Endolaparoscopic Surgical
  • Research Institute & Swagat Super-speciality Surgical Institute
  • Dean-Swagat Academy of Medical Sciences
  • President-Association of Surgeons of Assam (2014)
  • Editorial Board Member-Journal of Minimal Access Surgery
  • Ex-Vice President-Indian Association of Gastrointestinal Endo-Surgeons Ex-Vice President-Hernia Society of India
  • Ex-Governing Council Member- Association of Surgeons of India (Assam Chapter)
  • Guwahati, Assam, India.
  • Sunil Kumar MS DNB FRCS (Ed)FRCS (Eng) FIAGES FFSTEd EFIAGES,
  • Head Consultant Surgeon
  • Tata Main Hospital
  • Jamshedpur, India
  • Surendra Ugale MBBS MS Department of Advanced Laparoscopy, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery
  • Kirloskar and Virinchi Hospitals Hyderabad, India
  • Tushar S Mishra MS (Surgery)
  • Additional Professor
  • Department of General Surgery
  • All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
  • Vitish Singla MBBS MS
  • Department of Surgical Disciplines
  • All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
  • Vivek Bindal MS FNB (MAS) DNB MNAMS MRCS (Glasg) FACS
  • Institute of Minimal Access, Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery
  • Sir Ganga Ram Hospital
  • New Delhi, India
  • VP Bhalla MS (AFMC) FICS (USA) FACS (USA)
  • Director of Institute for Digestive and Liver Diseases
  • Head of GI Surgery Team and Consultant GI Cancer Surgery
  • BL Kapur Superspeciality Hospital
  • New Delhi, India
  • YM Goh
FOREWORD
Surgical approaches are in constant evolution. We improve techniques to minimize the impact of surgery on our patients while maximizing outcomes. Newer innovations are continuing to lead to less invasive approaches with enhanced recovery protocols and luminal based therapies. MIS techniques have expanded and are now common for esophageal and HPB cancers. NOTES approaches are no longer experimental for some common surgical diseases. These evolutionary changes in surgical care are leading to improved patient outcomes and an increase in minimally invasive techniques.
In this edition of Recent Advances in Minimal Access Surgery-2, Professor Subhash Khanna, Past President of the Indian Association of Gastrointestinal Endo Surgeons, has assembled an excellent reference. This text which highlights “Luminal Laparoscopic Surgery” is a great resource for surgeons of all levels from novice to expert. Master surgeons from around the world detail the latest advances in protocol driven surgical care. Novel diagnostic techniques and endoscopic therapeutics are discussed. Contemporary management and revisional strategies are reviewed for a variety of gastrointestinal pathologies. This text will easily be a great resource for the most up to date information on surgical care.
Aurora Pryor
PREFACE
We have completed a quarter of a century of Minimal Access Surgery in India and the world and we are all testimony to the fact how the ever changing world of technology has revolutionized the way we practice surgery today. Given the rapidly evolving field of minimal access surgery it is crucial that surgeons be aware of the many recent changes in patient management.
I am glad that the first edition of “IAGES Recent Advances in Minimal Access Surgery” has been well accepted by the readers and I am honored to present to you yet another edition dedicated to Luminal Laparoscopic Surgery.
The authors of the articles in this issue are all known international stalwarts in the field of minimal access surgery.
While the previous edition had covered basic sciences and also provided a glimpse of some of the newer clinical scenarios, this edition is dedicated entirely to various established and emerging luminal procedures.
In the first chapter I have tried to give an overview of the emerging trends in diagnosing small bowel pathologies. Thereafter, in subsequent chapters. Prof CR Selvasekar, Prof AK Kriplani, Dr Roy Patankar, Dr Deep Goel and Dr Mathew Albert have covered all the topics and recent advances in the management of benign and malignant disease of rectum and the colon. Dr Murthy N, in the subsequent chapters, has covered the emerging techniques of eTAMIS, whereas Dr Daniel Jones, Dr Mahim Koshariya, Dr Sandeep Aggarwal and Dr Jaydeep Palep have covered the current evidence-based management of esophageal and bariatric procedures.
I believe that to provide optimal care tailored to the needs of patients and to use emerging techniques safely, it is important that we are familiar with all the recent advances in the newer emerging procedures within the foregut, colon and rectum.
Subhash Khanna
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I am blessed to have received the support and love of many of my colleagues of our surgical fraternity. They are not only exemplary surgeons but also extraordinary human beings.
Without their support and valuable contributions, it would not have been possible to bring to you a comprehensive overview in the field of Luminal Minimal Access Surgery. Your contribution and state-of-the-art updates as well as clinical pearls shall be guiding many young surgeons to practice minimal access surgery with more perfection. I am indebted to you all for your contributions.
I offer my sincere thanks from the core of my heart to all the authors and I must acknowledge the fact that it is their contribution that has made this volume of work possible.
My sincere thanks to President IAGES Dr Sayandev Dasgupta and all EC members whose support and encouragement has made bringing out this all important manual of MAS possible.
I also express my gratitude to the entire Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishing team, particularly Mr. Sabyasacchi Hazra and Ms. Nikita Chauhan, for their constant efforts so that we could come up with this volume as planned.
Finally I wish to acknowledge the outstanding support of my co-editors Dr M Kanagavel, Dr Ramesh Agarwalla, and also invited editor Dr CR Selvasekar who had been working hard with me to make this dream volume possible. I am blessed to have your support.
It has been a pleasure bringing this volume together and I and all the contributors of this book hope that readers will find it interesting and worth reading.