In today's era of super specialization, an internist needs to be aware of the latest developments in various fields. This helps us to know what all situations can be handled by a physician and in what situation do we need to refer patients to a superspecialist. Knowledge is power for any physician. It has to be used effectively so that it translates into better clinical practices and patient care. Any activity by a physician is of benefit only if it ends up with better patient management. We urge upon the readers to translate the knowledge acquired from this book into routine clinical use. Physician inertia to adopt newer developments has to be shunned. Interpretation of clinical trials and use of this knowledge for patient care needs discussion among each other. The commentaries by the distinguished editors will be of use in that respect. We live in an era of evidence-based medicine. Medicine is under evaluation and scrutiny more than ever before. Scientifically fm12based patient care with compassion is the best combination. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and various omics including genomics, metabolomics, and proteomics are all entering into the arena of research and clinical practice. Many studies based on these modern methods have been included in the book. Role of genetics in patient management will increase in the coming years. Diagnostics through wearables and other sensors are now available for better patient- and disease-related information. Electronic medical records (EMRs) will soon be a reality and will become available to us with greater information about the patient's profile and past illnesses. The effort of every student of medicine has to be to acquire the latest knowledge and then use it watchfully for the benefit of the patient. Usually, a single trial will not influence our practices although some large randomized multicentric trials are so highly powered that these change the guidelines for management of some disorders. This book is a comprehensive compilation of all the significant trials of 2019. If one goes through all three “Year Books of 2018, 2019, and 2020”, one will get to know most of the recent developments in medicine and its subspecialties. We hope this exercise will continue in the coming years and we wish good luck to the editors for this scientific activity.

We have tried to include variety of research articles, which cover the range of each section. The articles chosen have been the choice of the section editor and the sub-editors of that particular section. The chief editor did not make a choice for the other sections. A few review articles have also been included. Only articles, which were published in 2019, have been included in this book. In the previous Year Books 2018 and 2019, we had articles published in 2017 and 2018, respectively. So, in case any library or individual has all three successive Year Books, one can go through a catalog or articles in the last 3 years. This is the only book of its kind in the world. The previous two books were widely read and we had excellent reviews. We have made some improvements based on the suggestions. One major change is that in the editors’ choice, we have summarized 15 articles of 2019, which the section editors did not choose but I still felt that we needed to share that information.

We have all learned a lot in the process of compilation of this book about our and even, the other subspecialties. We hope you will also enjoy reading this book. The abstracts provide the original data and its interpretation is given by the experts in the commentaries. Most abstracts have been published as such after due permission. Wherever we could not get the permissions, we have rewritten them in our own language retaining the main message of the trial.

I have no words to express my gratitude to the editors and the sub-editors who put in so many hours to first choose the articles and then write the commentaries. Mr Jitendar Pal Vij, Group Chairman of Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., has taken personal interest fm14in this book. In fact, it started on his idea only and the format took shape later. It is an honor and a privilege for us to work with him. Dr Richa Saxena, Associate Director (Professional Publishing), is a very capable person, she is also very pleasant to work with. She absorbs a lot of stresses in the process. Her associate Prerna Bajaj (Development Editor) is a very useful member of our team. In my team, Muskan Sharma is the one who coordinates all the activities and without her, this book would not have been possible. We are lucky to have Mr Iqbal with us now who has gelled very well and the trio of us made an enjoyable and productive group.

Since coronavirus disease (COVID-19) came in 2020 only, no article on that is there in this book since all publications started from January 2020. The next Year Book will surely have a lot of articles on COVID-19. Meanwhile, stay safe and enjoy reading the latest information in Medicine.