A
acute 167
adrenal glands 193
adult 51
cause of acute 169
cyst in 359
fascial planes of 81f
gastrointestinal tract 164
hepatobiliary system 130
laparoscopic sonography of 295
pancreas 158
part of 204
peritoneum 202
retroperitoneum 196
right side of 225
spleen 130
urinary tract 172
uterus and adnexa 209
Abdominal aortic aneurysm 390
Abdominal area, posterior 79
Abdominal cavity 361f
Abdominal injury 2
Abdominal pregnancy 337
Abdominal vessels, great 82
drainage 379f
intrahepatic 132
parietal 171f
perinephric 177
periorbital 249
pyogenic 132
subphrenic 206f
testicular 256
tubo-ovarian 223
Acalculous cholecystitis, acute 150
Acardiac parabiotic twin 353
Achondrogenesis 365
Achondroplasia 366
Acoustic cavitation 45
Acoustic field small bubbles 46
Acoustic gel 101
Acoustic lens 18f
Acoustic mirror 18f
Acoustic shadowing 41
Acquire information 30
Acquired renal cystic disease 185
Adductor pollicis longus tendon-synovitis 430f
Adenomyosis 210
Adrenal adenoma 193f
Adrenal cystic lesions 193
Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital 229
Adrenal tumors 193
Adventitia 75
Airless contact 4
Air-tissue interface 9
Albumen, cardiac applications of 315
Alcoholic hepatitis, acute 137
Alfatoxins 140
Aliasing 43
Alobar holoprosencephaly 364
Amebic abscess, large 134f
Amnionicity and chorionicity, sonographic determination of 352
Amniotic fluid 350
Ampulla 224
Amyloidosis 186
Anechoic cyst, large 181f
Anechoic follicles 97
Anechoic joint fluid 437f
Anechoic retroperitoneal cyst 199f
Anechoic structure 41
Anechoic urinary bladder 40f
Anemia 372
Angioma 298f
Annular array 35f
Anophthalmia 243
Antibioma 171f
Antibiotic therapy 170
Antrum 70
Aortic aneurysm 197f
Aortic bifurcation 200f
Aortic dissection 196
Aortic occlusions 196
Aortic pathology 390
Aortic rupture, chronic 196
Aortic transection 304
Aortic valve 405f
Aortoarteritis, nonspecific 303
Aortocaval fistula 307f
Appendicitis 167
Appendicular lump 168f
Aqueous emulsions 316
Arachnoiditis 240
Artefact, color mirror image 45
Arterial wall, normal 302
Arteriosclerosis 403
Arteriovenous malformation 401f
Articulate arm scanners 27
Artifactual displacement 43
Ascaris 156f
Asepsis, complete 378
Aspiration 253
Asplenia 75
Asteroid hyalosis 243
Asymmetrical septal hypertrophy 420
Atelectasis 234
Atheroma 196
Atheromatous disease 390
Atherosclerotic plaque 197f
Atrial septal defect 412f
Automatic pull back device 302f
B
B scan image 27
Barlow type maneuver 431
Basic Doppler systems 383
Battledore placenta 376
Beam energy, fraction of 31
Beam width artifacts 43
Bile duct 51
benign lesions of 156
measurement of extrahepatic 320t
neoplasm 156
pathology 152
spontaneous perforation of 224
stones 152
syndrome, inspissated 224
tumor obstructing 157
Biliary ascariasis 155
Biliary cirrhosis 137
Biliary enteric fistulas 167
Biliary hamartomas 130
Biliary sludge 146
Biliary system 224
Biliopancreatic pathology 313
Bilomas 204
Biologic materials, absorption coefficients of 11t
Biological effects, evaluation of 1
Biophysical scoring 349
Biparietal diameter 337
Blunt abdominal trauma 135f
Body wall defect syndrome 366
Bowel gas 83
Bowel obstruction 169
and spine, pathologies of infant 236
congenital anomalies of 239
pediatric 60
scan 117f
sagittal 116
supplying 285
vascular supply of 285
abscess 256f
anatomy 106f
cryptorchidism 261
cyst 253
disease, evaluation of 253
extratesticular lesions 258
glandular part of 107f
lesion 254
benign from malignant 421
lump, benign 254f
malignant
neoplasms 255
tumors 257
masses, malignant 255
miscellaneous conditions 255
neoplasm, benign 254f
normal 107f
scrotal ultrasound 256
specific conditions 253
testicular torsion 260
trauma 261
ultrasound 253
Brenner tumor 222
Breu's mole 375
Brevis muscles 113
Bronchogenic carcinoma 195f
C
Cable conducting signal 32
Calcified hydatid transverse 132f
Calcified plaque 303f
Calculus cholecystitis, acute 149f
Candida albicans 180
Candidiasis 133
Carcinoma colon 166f
Cardiac injury 2
Cardiac malpositions 225
Cardiovascular anomalies 371
Caroli's disease 155
Caroticocavernous sinus fistula 402
Carotid artery 104f
anatomy 128
disease, role of duplex ultrasonography in 285
external 289t
left internal 288f
normal 287
right internal 286f
Carotid dissection 393
Carotid Doppler signals, assessment of 288
Carotid examination technique, step in 286
Carotid occlusion 393
Carotid plaques 287
Carotid stenosis, assessment of 288
Cataract, congenital 243
Catheter angiography, limitations of 301
Caudal pancreatic artery 74f
Caudate lobe, sagittal scan of 67f
Caudothalamic groove 118f
Cavum septi pellucidi 117f
Celiac axis 72
Cellular damage, severe 46
Central hematoma 135
Central nervous system 46
Central placenta previa 375f
Cephalad direction 62
Cerebellar vermis 236
Cerebral ventricular, measurement of 321t
Cerebrovascular sonography, limitations of 289
Cervical
bruits 286
carcinoma 215
incompetence 376f
nerve, seventh 122
polyp 215
pregnancy 337
spine 338
subcutaneous tissue 320
Charcot's triad 152
Chemoembolization 381
Chiari malformation 239
Chiari syndrome 394
Cholangitis 155
Cholecystokinin 150
Cholecystosonography 52
Cholesterol 151
Choroidal melanomas 402
Choroidal metastases 247
Clear cell tumor 219
Cloacal exstrophy 367
Clostridium difficile 170
Cluster sign 132
Coincidence master synchronizers 25
Collapsed suprapatellar bursa 113
Colloid adenoma 252f
Colloid goiter 250
Colloidal suspensions 315
Colon carcinoma 166
Color Doppler 383
advantages of 410
applications of 410
limitations of 410
principles of 409
techniques of 409
Common femoral vein, thrombosis of 281f
Composite biparietal diameter 323t
Compound B mode scanning 26
Conception, retained products of 214
Congenital aqueductal stenosis 239f
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection 241f
Congenital diseases 243
Congenital disorders 231
Congenital duodenal obstruction 230
Congenital exophthalmos 243
Congenital extrahepatic biliary atresia 224
Congenital mega calyces 174
Congenital megaureter 174
Connective tissue septa 108f
Contrast echocardiography 316
Convex transducers 331
Convex volume probe with cable 38f
Cooper's ligaments 108
Cork coat, acoustic insulator of 12
Coronal brain scans 116
Corpora cavernosa 101
Corpus cavernosum 101
Corpus luteal cyst 215
Cortical adenomas 193
Cortical echotexture 124f
Cortical necrosis, acute 186
Cortical nephrocalcinosis 227
Cortical renal cyst 184f
Corticosteroids 136
Couinaud's anatomy 64
Coupling agents 47
Craniofacial abnormalities 370
Craniofacial malformations 369
Cremasteric fascia 98
Crohn's disease 166
Cryptorchidism, complications of 261
Crystalline bile 41
Cystic adenomatoid malformation 362
Cystic duct calculus 153f
Cystic endometrial hyperplasia 213f
Cystic follicles 97
Cystic masses 235
Cystic renal diseases 228
D
Dartos muscle 98
Date pregnancy, clinically small for 347
Daughter cysts 132
Deep infrapatellar bursa 113
Deep vein thrombosis 283
Deltoid muscle 110
Demonstrate pelvic mass 37
Detrusor areflexia 188
Detrusor hyperreflexia 188
Diabetes mellitus 186
Diabetic retinopathy 245
Diaphragmatic crura 80
Diastematomyelia 242
Diffuse parenchymal liver disease 225
Diffuse pleural thickening 234
Digastric muscle, posterior belly of 122f
Digestive carcinomas 312
Digestive pathology 312
Digestive wall, stages of tumoral infiltration of 312
Digital subtraction angiography 308
Digitization techniques 49
Dipolar molecules 13
Dipoles, random arrangement of 13f
Distal reverberation artifacts 214
Diverticular disease 169
Diverticulitis, acute 169
Doppler cerebral vascular examination, indications for 285
Doppler characteristics 287
Doppler effect 383
Doppler information, display of 387
Doppler ultrasound analysis 348
Doppler waveforms 402
Double liver 75
Drainage techniques 379
Duct ectasia 256
Ductus deferens, distal part of 92f
Duodenal wall 164f
Duplex collecting system 173
Duplex Doppler systems 385
Duplication cyst 231
Dysgerminoma 232
Dysraphic spinal defect 367
Dystrophic calcification 176
E
Early B mode scanner 27
Early pregnancy, complication of 333
Ebstein-Barr virus 225
Eccentric fibrofatty plaque 303f
Echinococcus granulosus, eggs of 131
ECHO
amplitude information 28
amplitude, digitalization of 25
applications of 408
basics of 405
strikes 25
Echoendoscope, types of 310
Echogenic bile 146
Echogenic dermoid plug 222f
Echogenic epidermis 115f
Echogenic foci 131
Echogenic foreign body 246f
Echogenic glandular breast 107f
Echogenic infraspinatous tendon 112
Echogenic kidney 184f
Echogenic medulla 97
Echogenic membrane, thin 352f
Echogenic nerve roots 122
Echogenic parenchyma, abnormal 241
Echogenic stroma 219f
Echovist 317
Ectopia 172
Ectopic kidney 172f
Edetic acid 47
Electric field 14
Electric pulse 15
Electrodes on crystal, alignment of 13f
Electromagnetic radiation 4
Electronic scanner 32
Embolization, complications of 381
Embryonal carcinoma 232
Embryonal cell carcinoma 257
Embryonic gestational sac 335f
Emphysematous cystitis 188
Emphysematous pyelonephritis 179
Encapsulated gas bubbles 315
Encephalocele, large 366f
Encephalomalacia 240
Endocyst 131
Endometrial adhesions 214
Endometrial atrophy 212
Endometrial carcinoma 213
Endometrial ECHO 210
Endometrial hyperplasia 212
Endometrioma 213f
Endometriosis 218
Endometriotic cyst 219f
Endometritis 213
Endometroid tumor 219
Endophthalmitis 247
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography 313
Endoscopic ultrasonography 310
Endosonographic anatomy 311
Endoultrasonography 310
Endovascular graft procedures 306
Energy returning, amount of 40
Entamoeba histolytica 133
Epididymo-orchitis 260
Epiphyseal cartilages 339
Epithelial glandular cysts 193
Epithelial stromal tumors 222
Epithelial tumors 232
Epoxy resin propagate sound 19
Erectile dysfunction, evaluation of 399
Escherichia coli 260
Estrogen production, clinical signs of 222
Ethylene oxide 293
Ewing's sarcoma 249
Exophytic mass, small 151f
Exstrophy 187
Extensor hallucis longus 436
Extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma 199f
Extracranial cerebral arteries 128f
Extrahepatic bile duct 52
Extrahepatic obstruction 225
Extrahepatic portal hypertension 284
Extratesticular lesions 258
F
Face and upper neck 122
Facial vein, posterior 122f
Fascia, superficial 115
Fast fourier transform 384
Fasting, advantage of 37
Fat-liver 9
Fat-soft tissue 9
Fatty infiltration 136
Fatty tissue, caused by 108
Femoral venous system 281
Fetal ascites 369
Fetal breathing movements 350
Fetal chromosomal abnormalities 369
Fetal death, sonographic appearances of 350
Fetal growth abnormalities 340
Fetal hand 358f
Fetal hydrops 371
Fetal lobulation 172
Fetal movements 350
Fetal spine 356
Fetal teratoma 361f
Fetal thorax 357
Fetal tone 350
Fetus 300
Fever 136
Fibroblasts 109
Fibrolamellar carcinoma 226
Fibrosis and scarring 250
Fibrous histiocytoma 201
First-trimester sonography, guidelines for 331
Flexion deformity abscess, right 275f
Flowing blood 302
Fluid enema 53
Fluoroscopy 378
Focal caliectasis 180f
Focal hypoechoic lesions 143
Focal liver lesions, benign 130
Focal nodular hyperplasia 135
Focal pancreatitis 158
Focusing transducer 18f
Foley's catheter 190f
Follicular carcinoma 252
Follicular cyst 215
Foregut duplication cyst 361f
Fossa cyst, large posterior 364f
Fourth lumbar arteries 80
Fracture right femur 273f
Frame rate artifact 45
Free gas bubbles 314
Frog's eye appearance 365f
Frontal horn 118f
Functioning tumors 163
Fungal infection 180f
G
Galactoceles 256
Galen aneurysm, vein of 364
anatomy of 69f
and bile ducts 69
anterior wall of 151f
ascaris in 149f
consists 69
contracted 146
distended 224
empyema of 150
examination of 52
lumen 148f
mucocele of 152f
normal pediatric 321t
polyps 150
primary disease of 224
septations 145
stones 146
transverse scan of 150f
Ganglioneuromas 312
Gas bodies 46
Gas-filled duodenum 52
Gastric diaphragms 230
Gastrinomas 163
Gastroesophageal reflux 230
Gastrointestinal anomalies 372
Gastrointestinal bleeding, management of acute 381
Gastrointestinal cystic processes 360
Gastrointestinal infections 170
Gastrointestinal masses 231
Gastrointestinal system 357
Gastroschisis 367
G-cell tumors 163
Gelatin encapsulated nitrogen microspheres 315
Genetic disorders 372
Genitalia 357
Gestation sac 332f
Gestational age 348f
estimation by
biparietal diameter 338t
crown-rump length 334t
femur length 339t
head circumference 339t
Gland enlargement 103
Gliding sign 102
Glisson's capsule 63
Globus major 98
Glomerulonephritis 186
Glycogen storage disease 225
Goiter 250
Gonococcus 260
Gonorrhea 223
Gout 442
Graft dysfunction, cause of 403
Granulomatous hepatitis 137
Granulomatous infection 187
Granulosa cell tumors 212
Gross fetal ascites 369f
Gut edema 171
Gynecology and obstetrics, role of color Doppler in 404
H
Head
and abdominal circumference, measurement of 348f
and brain malformations 365
and neck, pediatric 122
circumference, measurement of 338f
cyst in 362
Healed granuloma 138f
Hematometra 212
Hemidiaphragm, right 81f
Hemoptysis, management of 381
Hemorrhagic cyst 217f
Hemorrhagic infarction, periventricular 239
Hemorrhagic thyroid cyst 251f
Hemothorax 234
Hepatic abscess 225
Hepatic adenoma 135
Hepatic and splenic artery 83f
Hepatic artery, branches of 70
Hepatic calcification 225
Hepatic candidiasis 133
Hepatic lesions, color Doppler in 395
Hepatic lipoma 135
Hepatic malformation, benign developmental 130
Hepatic masses 225
Hepatic portal hypertension 284
Hepatobiliary drainage techniques 380
Hepatobiliary surgery 71
Hepatocellular tumor 140
Hepatoduodenal ligament 63
Hepatorenal pouch 78f
Hepatorenal recess 86
Hereditary pancreatitis 231
Heterogeneous echotexture 183f
Hirschsprung's disease 361
Hodgkin's disease 186
Hodgkin's lymphoma 201
Horn, anterior 116f
Human fetus 46
Human soft tissue 6
Hydrocephalus 362f
Hydrocolpos 232
Hydrometra 212
Hydromyelia 242
Hydronephrotic kidney 226
Hydroureter, bilateral 187f
Hyperbilirubinemia 224
Hyperechoic plaque 288f
Hyperplastic endometrium 212
Hypertension 348
Hyperthermia 46
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 420
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 230
Hypertrophy prostate, benign 190
Hyphema, posterior 245
Hypochondrium pain, right 155
Hypoechoic articular cartilage 112
Hypoechoic cerebellar hemispheres 116
Hypoechoic collection 274f
Hypoechoic muscle 112
Hypoechoic renal medullary pyramids 86
Hypoechoic thrombus 279f
Hypoechoic ulnar bursa 60
Hypoglycemic symptoms 163
Hypoplastic cervix 215f
Hypoplastic kidney 172
Hypoplastic uterus 232f
I
Idiopathic megaureter 360
Iliac vein 281
Iliofemoral ligament 108
Ill-defined echogenic adenomyomatous lesion 212f
Immune hydrops 371
Imperforate anus 359
In utero fetal sonographic weight standards 340t
Infant spine 121
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 230f
Infantile polycystic renal disease 359
Infarction 257
Infected hydrocephalus 238f
Infection 133
Infectious cystitis 187
Infectious diseases 193
Infertile females 404
Infertility, cause of 219
Inflammatory lymph node 296f
Infraspinatus muscle and tendon 426f
Innominate artery 128f
Interhemispheric fissure 121
Interstitial pregnancy 337
Interventional techniques 382
Intestinal atresia 361
Intestinal tuberculosis 170
Intra-arterial thrombolysis 381
Intracardiac shunts 411
Intracavitary probes 50
Intracerebral bleed 238f
Intracoronary injections 315
Intracranial infections 240
Intragastric gas 71
Intrahepatic gallbladder, small 149f
Intrahepatic obstruction 225
Intraluminal air 310
Intraocular tumors 247
Intraoperative biliary sonography, indications for 295
Intraoperative cranial sonography 294
Intrapancreatic bile duct 52
Intraperitoneal cystic processes 361
Intraplacental hematomas 375
Intrascrotal anatomy, normal 99f
Intraspinal lipoma 242
Intrasplenic pseudoaneurysms 396
Intratesticular lesions, benign 256
Intrathoracic masses, evaluation of 265
Intrauterine contraceptive device 214
Intrauterine gestational sac 215f
Ischemic bowel disease 170
Ischemic cardiomyopathy 415f
Islet cell tumors 163
Isoechoic lesions 138
Isthmus 104f
J
Jejunal loops 165f
K
abnormally located 369
anatomical relations of 81f
anatomy of 86f
and liver 300
congenital 172
enlarged 177f
intraoperative sonography of 295
midpolar region of 181f
normal 89
small 369
transplanted 399f
Klatskin tumors 157
L
Lacrimal gland 106
Lactobezoars 230
Lamina propria 75
Laparoscopic sonography 295
Laparoscopic ultrasound, goals of 296
Lead zirconate titanate 14
Left atrium 405f
Left circumflex artery 415f
Left common femoral artery 279f
Left ovary, cystic lesion in 213f
Left pleural cavity 264f
Left ventricular aneurysm 416
Left ventricular dysfunction 413
Left ventricular mass, calculation of 420f
Left ventricular posterior wall 413f
Lesser saphenous vein 129
Leukocytosis 224
Leukomalacia, periventricular 239
Ligamentum teres acts 64
Limb shortening 365
Limb-body wall complex 367
Linear array transducer, development of 2
Lipid emulsions 316
Liposarcoma 199
Liquid bath transducers 32
anterior part of 40f
calcification 135
cirrhosis of 395f
congenital cysts of 225
cyst 130
secondary 130
disease
benign diffuse 136
chronic 225
malignant 140
enlargement 143
hypoechoic mass in 136f
malignant lesions of 140
parenchyma 63
posterior surfaces of 63f
sonography, applications of intraoperative 295
transplantation 396
visualization of 39
Lobar fissure 71f
Lobar variet 364
Logarithmic amplification 25
Low pressure 4
Lower limb 403
Lower lumbar canal regions 122
Lumbosacral meningomyelocele 363f
Lymphocele 204
M
Macrocystic neoplasms 163
Malakoplakia 187
Male genitalia, normal 357f
Male pelvis 99f
Mammary ducts 107
Manufacturer's instructions 55
Maple syrup 11
Marfan's syndrome 304
Marginal placenta 374
Marginal previa 374
Massa intermedia 116f
Massive subchorial thrombosis 375
Matted bowel loop 167f
Mechanical energy 4
Mechanical obstruction 169
Mechanical vibration 32
Meconium cyst 361
Meconium peritonitis 231
Meconium plug syndrome 361
Medial hyoglossus muscle 123
Mediastinal masses, posterior 57
Medical imaging equipment, types of 24
Medical renal diseases 227
Medullary carcinoma 252
Medullary cysts 184
Medullary nephrocalcinosis 176
Melanoma, malignant 166
Memory device 28
Meningitis 240
Meniscal tear 268
Menopause uterus atrophies 94
Mesenchymal hamartoma 225
Mesenchymal tumors 166
Mesenchymoma 226
Mesenteric Doppler 390
Mesoblastic nephroma 228
Metabolic disorders 224
Metabolic liver disease 225
Metastatic lesions, large 141f
Metatarsophalangeal joint 425f
Mid gut malrotation 169
Mirizzi syndrome 156
Mitral valve, normal 409f
M-mode ECHO 409
Monoamniotic twinning 353
Monochorionicity 353
Morrison's pouch 86
Mucinous cystadenoma 219
Mucocele 249
Multifetal pregnancies, complications of 352
Multifocal carcinoma 190f
Multilocular nephroma 181f
Multiple color Doppler 401f
Multiple echogenic nodules 255f
Multiple follicles, ovaries with 97f
Multiple glands, dysfunction of 158
Multiple peritoneal ligaments 84
Multiple varicoceles 400f
Mural nodularity 180
Muscularis mucosa 75
Muscularis propria 75
Musculoskeletal ultrasonography 423
Musculoskeletal ultrasound 268
Myelolipoma 193
Myeloschisis 121
Mylohyoid muscle 123
Myocardial infarction 412
Myocardial ischemia 412
Myometrial abnormalities 210
Myometrium, posterior 212
N
Narrow neck diverticulum 188f
Nausea 136
Neonatal ovaries 125
Neonatal spine, sonographic imaging of 241
Neonate cortex and medulla of kidney 124f
Nephroblastoma 228
Nephrocalcinosis-stippled calcification 177f
Nephrotic syndrome 227
Neuroenteric cysts 362
Nodular surface 138
Non-fasting gallbladder, normal 127f
Nonfunctioning islet-cell tumors 163
Non-glandular fibromuscular stroma 90
Nonimmune hydrops 371
Non-neoplastic cysts 215
Nonstress test 350
Nonvascular procedures 378
Non-viable pregnancy, early diagnosis of 334t
Normal triphasic pattern, loss of 280f
Nuchal skin fold thickness 371
Nuchal translucency 371
Nulliparous uterus 94
O
Obstruction, absence of 387
Occipital horn 117f
Occipital lobe 118f
Ocular tumors 402
Olecranon bursa 442f
Omental cyst 231
Omentum, thickened 167f
Ommon iliac veins 83
Omohyoid muscles 103
Oncocytomas 181
Ophthalmic scanning 43
Optic neuritis 249
Oral fluid 53
Orbital diseases 248
Orbital lymphoma 248
Orbital metastases 249
Orbital trauma 248
Orbital vessels, normal 402
Oscillating nonreflecting transducer 32f
Oscillating transducer 31
Oscilloscopes 28
Ovarian ectopic pregnancy 337
Ovarian neoplasm, primary malignant 219
Ovarian veins 391
Ovarian volume 98
Ovum, blighted 334
P
Palpable nontender gallbladder 160
Pancake kidney 180f
anatomy of 72f
body of 72
evaluation of 295
examination of 53
head of 73f
normal 159
pediatric 126
transverse section of 73f
Pancreatic ascites 160
Pancreatic carcinoma 140
Pancreatic head, normal dimension of 73f
Pancreatic masses 231
Pancreatic necrosis 159
Pancreatic tail, region of 161f
Pancreatic transplantation 396
Pancreatic tumor 162f
Pancreatic visualization 53
Pancreatitis 208
on chronic 159f
calcific 161f
complications of 159
diagnosis of acute 158
diffuse 158
Papillary carcinoma 252f
Parapelvic cysts 184
Parasagittal scan 53f
Parietal lobe 118f
Parovarian cysts 218
Particle interaction 5f
Patellar ligament, monosodium urate crystals in 425f
Peak end diastolic velocity 289
Peak systolic velocity 289
Pectoralis muscle 107f
Pediatric hip, sonographic evaluation of 271
Pelvic abscess 205f
Pelvic anatomy 37
Pelvic collection 314
Pelvic cystic processes 361
Pelvic hematoma 206f
Pelvic masses 232
Pelvic organs 56
Pelvic scanning 37
Peptic ulcer 171
Percent stenosis 288
Percutaneous insertion techniques 379
Percutaneous nephrostomy 380
Percutaneous stenting 380
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty 305
Perendoscopic ultrasound 310
Periampullary carcinoma 162f
Pericardial effusion, acute 417
Perinatal meningitis 240
Peripheral vascular system 402
Peripheral veins 129
Perirenal fascia, posterior 79
Perisac bleeds 335
Peritoneal inclusion cysts 218
Peritoneal mesothelioma 206
Periurethral glands urethra 90
Phantom 21
Pharmacopenile duplex ultrasonography 399
Phocomelia 366
Piezoelectric polymers 8
Placenta 372
abruption of 336f
creta 374
low lying 374
normal 373f
previa
partial 374
types of 374f
shape of 373
sonographic evaluation of 372
Placental abruption 374
Placental previa 374
Placental tumors 373
Plaque composition 288
Plaque extent and thickness 287
Plaque morphology 302
Plasma cell mastitis 256
Pleural masses 234
Pleural mesothelioma 234
Pleural metastases 234
Pleural plaques 234
Pleural space 56
Pleural thickening 234
Pneumothorax 234
Polyarteritis nodosa 257
Polycystic ovarian disease 219
Polycystic ovaries, vascular stroma of 404
Polyhydramnios 357
Polymorphic hyperechoic aggregates 441f
Polyps 312
Polysplenia 75
Polystyrene 19
Popliteal and calf veins 281
Popliteal fossa 129
Popliteal vein 282
Portal cavernoma 395f
Portal-splenic confluence 71
Portocaval shunts 140
Portosplenic vein thrombosis 160
Postabortal uterus 215f
Post-abortion complication 223
Posterior fossa cyst, small 364f
Postmenopausal ovaries, normal 98
Postmenopausal uterus, shape of 94
Poststenotic flow changes 386
Post-traumatic cataract 246f
Post-traumatic cysts 145
Potential cardiac applications 315
Power Doppler flow imaging 388
Power Doppler mode, inferior vena cava in 394f
Pre-aortic lymph node 200f
Precutaneous transluminal angioplasty 304
Predicted menstrual age 324t
Prehepatic portal hypertension 284
Preplacental hematomas 375
Propagation speed 4
Propylene glycol 47
Prostatic abscess 192
Prostatism, acute 192f
Prostatitis 192
Prourokinase 381
Proximal pelvicaliectasis 182
Prune belly syndrome 227
Pseudocysts 193
Pseudomembranous colitis 170
Pseudomonas 260
Pseudomyxoma peritonei 204
Pseudotumor 183f
Pulmonary AV fistula 381
Pulsatile neck masses 393
Pulse dimension affects 17
Pulse generator 20
Pulse repetition frequency 30
Pulsed Doppler technique 279
Pylorus, sagittal scan of 78f
Pyriform shape, normal 71f
R
Radiofrequency digitization 49
Radiofrequency signal 22
Rapid systolic upstroke 287f
Reception and amplification 21
Rectangular array 34
Rectovesical pouch 37
Rectum 311
Recurrent ischemic neurological deficit 285
Red blood cell 383
Reflects sound waves 55
Refraction 10
Regional lymph nodes 182
Regurgitant lesions 411
Regurgitant mitral valve 411f
Reidel's lobe 66
Relaxation time 11
Relevant fetal anatomy 355
Remote localizers 299
Renal abnormality, congenital 209
Renal anatomy, pediatric 124
Renal arterial occlusion and infarction 185
Renal calculus 176f
Renal cortical echogenicity 86
Renal duplication 226
Renal dysplasia 228
Renal ectopia, crossed 172
Renal fossa, right 173f
Renal hilum 86
Renal hydatid disease 180
Renal hypertension 285f
Renal masses 398
Renal medical disorders 185
Renal moieties, fused 173f
Renal parenchyma 86
Renal stones/calculi 174
Renal transplant 398
Renal trauma 178f
Renal tubular acidosis 176
Renal ultrasonography, contrast media in 316
Renal ultrasound beam 43
Respiratory variations 283f
Rete testis 98
Retinal tears 245
Retinal vessel abnormalities 402
Retinoschisis 246
Retrobulbar region 105f
Retrofascial space 80
Retromammary fat 107f
Retroperitoneal fibrosis 198
Retroperitoneal sarcoma 199f
Retroperitoneal tumors 199
Retroperitoneal vessels 389
Retroplacental clot, resolving 375f
Reverberation artifacts 42
Reye's syndrome 225
Rheumatoid arthritis 186
Ribs, scan between 57f
Riedel's lobe 137f
Right kidney
hilum of 83f
lower pole of 228f
pelvicalyceal system of 177f
pelvis of 182f
sagittal scan of 88f
transverse section of 87f
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses 151
Rotating contact transducer 32f
Rotating wheel transducer 32
Rubber coat, acoustic insulator of 12
S
Sacral theca 121
Scan converter 28
Scan protocol and technique 284
Scanning spleen, technique for 52f
Scar tissue 250
Schwannoma, malignant 201
Scleral rupture, posterior 246
Scrotal blood supply 99f
Scrotal hematoma 261f
Scrotal sac, right 259f
Scrotal ultrasound 256
Semilobar holoprosencephaly 364
Seminoma 261
Sepsis 391
Septic abortion 335
Septic arthritis 434f
Septicaemia 140
Septula 98
Serosa 75
Serous cystadenoma 219
Sertoli-leydig cell tumor 222
Severe stenosis evaluation, quantitative Doppler for 289
Sex cord-stromal tumors 222
Shorter spatial pulse length 16
Sickle cell anemia 224
Silicon oxide element 28
Sinus ECHO 174
Situs ambiguous 75
Skeletal dysplasia 372
Sludge balls 147
Small bowel obstruction 230
Snow storm 232
Solid renal cell carcinoma 182f
Solid-state realtime transducer 33f
Sonoelastographic techniques 421
Sonographic anatomy, basic 63
Sonographic milestones 334t
Spalding sign 351f
Spectral information 44
Specular ECHO 8f
Specular interfaces 40
Spermatic cord 98
Spina bifida 367
Spinal deformity, severe 121
Spinal dysraphism 241
Spinal sonography 121
Spinal ultrasound, intraoperative 294
Splanchnic aneurysms 391
accessory 75
anatomy of 74f
and water distended stomach 74f
diffuse diseases of 143
focal diseases of 144
longitudinal scan of 74f
sagittal scan of 74f
size of 126
tuberculosis of 143
upper pole of 74f
with bright echogenic diaphragm 42f
Splenectomy 140
Splenic abscess 144f
Splenic enlargement 144
Splenic hydatid 146f
Splenic infarction 396
Splenic masses 226
Splenic parenchyma 144f
Splenic trauma 145f
Splenomegaly, mild 143f
Splenorenal ligament 144f
Splenunculus 146f
Starry sky appearance 136
Stenson's duct, mildly dilated 123f
Stent deployment 305
Stent grafts 306
Sternocleidomastoid muscle 123
Sternohyoid muscles 103
Strain elastography 421
Strawberry gallbladder 151
Streptokinase 381
Stress echocardiography 418
indications 418
limitations 419
negative test 419
positive test 418
principle 418
technique 418
Stress, application of 127
Stromal tumors 258
Styloid process 122f
Subacromial subdeltoid bursa 110
Subchorionic hemorrhage 375f
Subcutaneous lipomatous lesion 268f
Subdeltoid bursa, normal 110
Submucosa 75
Subscapularis from supraspinatus 59
Subxiphoid region 38
Succenturiate lobes 373
Supramesocolic spaces, right and left 84
Suprapatellar knee joint 440f
Supraspinatus muscle and tendon 426f
Suspensory ligament 106
Sylvian fissure 118f
Sylvius, aqueduct of 116f
Synovial effusion 271f
Synovial sheaths 109
Synovium 424
Systemic arterial hypertension 419
T
Tardus parvus waveform 403f
Target lesion 165f
Technological development 1
Temporal lobes 121
Tenon's capsule 103
Terminal duct lobular units 108
Testicular artery 399f
Testicular malignancy 258
Testicular metastases 258
Testis 98
anteroposterior dimension of 100f
hypoechoic to 98
isoechoic to 98
ruptured 261
substance of 98
superior pole of 101f
Tethered spinal cord 242
Thalamus, normal 117f
Thanatophoric dwarfism 365
Theca luteal cyst 218
Theolamine 47
Therapeutic procedures, real time monitoring of 306
Therapeutic ultrasound 45
Thermal effects 45
Thick walled cystic adenomyotic lesions 211f
Thymus, echogenicity of 126
Thyroglossal cyst 251f
cartilage 102
classical follicular adenoma of 252f
cyst 250
enlarged 251f
follicular adenoma of 402f
anatomy of 103f
left lobe of 104f
lesions 250
lobe, left 251f
malignancies 252
nodule 296f
right lobe of 104f
Thyroiditis 250
Tibioperoneal trunk 128
Todani's classification 155
Tracheoesophageal atresia 369
Tractional retinal detachment 245
Transabdominal sonography 56
Transabdominal technique 89
Transcranial Doppler ultrasound 393
Transesophageal transverse sections 311
Transfontanellar scan, technique for 116f
Transient ischemic attack 285
Transluminal angioplasty 382
Transmitter 25
Transplant dysfunction 398
Transrectal ultrasound 54
Transvaginal transducers 331
Trichobezoar 171
Tricuspid valve 410f
Triethanolamine 47
Trophoblastic tumors 373
Tumefactive sludge 147
Tunica vaginalis 98
Two-dimensional ECHO 405
Typhilitis 168f
U
Ulcerative colitis 166
Ulnar veins 280
Ultrasonic information 24
Ultrasonic system, components of 24f
Ultrasound 8
artifacts 37
contrast agents for 314
diagnostic 7
ECHO, portions of 28
equipment 30
gastroesophageal junction 230
identified fetal abnormality 371
imaging, artifact in 40
instrumentation 20
reflection of 9
safety, biological effect of 45
small part 253
therapeutic 7
transducer 12
types of 20
units 22
velocity of 6t
Umbilical cyst 231f
Umbilical granuloma 231f
Umbilical herniation, normal 296f
Unfocused transducer 17
Unicollis 209
Unicornuate uterus 209
Upper abdomen, preparation for 37
Upper extremity veins, anatomy of 129f
Urachal anomalies 187
Ureteral obstruction 227
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction 226
Ureterovesical junction obstruction 360
Urethral lumen 102
anterior portion of 42f
inflammatory pathology of 187
pediatric 124
posterior wall of 188f
urine-filled 54
wall of 188f
Urinoma 177f
Urokinase 381
Uterine abnormalities, congenital 209
Uterine bleeding 210
Uterine fibroids 222
Uterine fundus 37
Uterine malformation 317
Uterine musculature 209f
Uterine secretions 46
Uterine septum, thin 351f
Uterine wall, anterior 373f
Uterorectal pouch 204f
Uterovesical pouch 204f
V
Vancomycin 170
Varices 312
Vascular interventional techniques 378
Vascular masses 248
Vascular procedures 380
Vascular system 128
Vascular therapy 381
Velamentous insertion 376
Velocity calculation 44
Vena cava, anatomy of inferior 84f
Venous embolization 381
Venous hemodynamics 386
Venous obstruction 387
Venous system, anatomy of 280
Ventricular mural thrombus 417
Vesical calculus 188
Vesicoureteric reflux 227
Video amplifier 26
Viral hepatitis, acute 136
Viscosity 11
Vitamin D 176
Vitreal cyst 243f
Vitreous examination 243
Vomiting 136
von Hippel-Lindau disease 185
von Meyenburg complexes 130