A
Abdominojugular test 45
Aberrant brachiocephalic artery 381f
Aberrant left brachiocephalic artery 378
Abiotrophia 491
Accelerated atherosclerosis 535
Accessory bypass tracts 399
Acetaminophen 653
Acetylsalicylic acid 535
Acid phosphatase 666
Acquired hypothyroidism 678
Acrocyanosis 577
Acute bacterial infections 608
Acute glomerulonephritis 594
Acute hypervolemia 594
Acute hypovolemia 594
Acute intermittent porphyria 608
Acute kidney injury progression, prevention of 180
Acute myocarditis 521
Acute renal failure, causes of 594
Acute viral infections 608
Acute-onset atrioventricular block 488
Acyanotic heart diseases, common 211
Aldactone 246
Alteplase 155
Alveolar-capillary membrane 244
Ambulatory arterial stiffness index 595
American College of Cardiology 648
American College of Rheumatology for Classification of Takayasu Arteritis 671t
Amiloride 598
Amlodipine 598
Amplatzer duct occluder device 310f
Amylase 669
Amyloidosis 554
Anal atresia 566
Analgesia 181
Aneuploidies 658
Angina 162
Angiotensin 466
Animal heart valves 481
Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage 84
Antegrade conduction 67
Anterior bridging leaflet 326
Anterior descending artery 349
Anterior leaflet 398
Anterior mitral valve leaflet 510f
Antiarrhythmic medication, classification of 139t
Anti-fibrotic therapy 548
Antihypertensive 654
Antimicrobial resistance 184
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies 596
Antioxidants 536
Antiretroviral agents, select 608
Antistreptococcal antibodies 501
Antistreptolysin O 534
Antithrombotic agents 155
Aorta 14, 15f, 49, 87, 95, 104f, 115, 115f, 214, 216, 223, 298-300, 315, 325, 367, 373, 387, 395, 406, 413, 440, 446, 450, 459, 471, 485, 547
arch of 372
descending 124
dilated 137
interruption of 419
severe coarctation of 207
Aortic angiograms 131
applied anatomy of 371
double 83
normal embryology of 372f
treatment of 368
right-sided 374
sidedness 83
Aortic atresia 424
Aortic dissection 36
Aortic intima media thickness 603
Aortic knob 308
Aortic leaflet 14
Aortic pressure, ascending 128f
Aortic shunts 313
Aortomitral continuity 98f
Aortopulmonary septum 20
Apex, abnormal 46
Apical trabecular portion 14
Apnea hypopnea index 603
Apoptosis 682
Arachnodactyly 672
Arginine vasopressin hormone 239
Array comparative genome hybridization 657
Arterial duct 238
Arterial lesions 372
Arterial oxygen content 26
Arterial pulse 40
Arterial system, development of 21f
Arterial thrombosis 156
Arterial trunks 15
Arteriovenous fistulas 573
Arteriovenous malformation 41
Artery, left anterior descending 222
Ascites 221
Ash-leaf macules 41
Atelectasis 91
Atherogenic atherosclerosis 603
Atherogenic dyslipidemia 603
Atherosclerosis, pathobiological determinants of 610
Atorvastatin 610
Atria 469
Atrial appendages 469
Atrial arrhythmias 333
Atrial baroreceptor reflex 25
Atrial chambers 12f
Atrial ectopic tachycardia 176
Atrial fibrillation 588
Atrial pressure 28f
Atrial septal defect 35, 85f, 91f, 104, 190, 211, 235, 268, 277, 283, 286f-288f, 313, 323, 332f, 388, 400, 412, 419, 441, 571, 648, 659, 664, 673
electrocardiogram of 284f
hemodynamics of 282
large 84f
physiology of 282
small 6
Atrial systole produces 27
Atrioventricular bundle 17
Atrioventricular bypass tracts 587
Atrioventricular dyssynchrony 249
Atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia 140
Atrioventricular septal defect 63, 84, 131, 213, 213f, 231, 268, 320-326, 327f, 392, 411, 438, 441f, 568, 573, 664, 665
partial 324
types of 321
Austin Flint murmur 515t
Australian single-patch technique 327
Autonomic nervous system 29
Axillary thoracotomy 210f
Azithromycin 653
Azygos fissure 340
B
Bacteremia 484
Bacteria 484
Bacterial endocarditis 273
Bacterial sore throat 505f
Balloon
aortic valvuloplasty 359
results of 359
procedure 191f
dilation 391
mitral valvotomy 510f
pulmonary valvotomy 391
procedure 192f
pulmonary valvuloplasty 191
pump, intra-aortic 225
valve dilatations 191
valvotomy, efficacy of 193
valvuloplasty 391
technique of 391
Barbero-Marcial technique 424
Barium swallow 374
Baroreceptor reflexes 25
Barth syndrome 681
Becker muscular dystrophy 681
Beckwith-Weifmann syndrome 550
Beriberi 238
Berlin heart 225
Beta-hemolytic streptococci 484
Beta-myosin heavy chain 549
Bicommissural aortic valves 354
Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia 637f
Bilateral carotid arteries 383f
Bilateral inferior vena cava 340
Bilateral superior caval veins 338
Biliary cirrhosis 608
Biplane catheterization 131
Birth asphyxia 241
Biventricular hypertrophy 422f
Blade atrial septostomy 191
Bland-White-Garland syndrome 345
Blood
circulation, regulation of 25
culture 486
deoxygenated 220
excessive administration of 594
flow
and cardiac output, measurement of 26
dynamics of 28
redistribution of 83
gas analysis 171
monitoring, ambulatory 43
noninvasive 592
normal 44
volume 29
Brachiocephalic vein, right 22
Branham effect 310
Breath-holding spell 38
Breathing, rapid deep 167
Breathlessness 60
Bronchial arrangements 79
Brown configuration 382
B-type natriuretic peptide 668
Bundle of His 321
Bupropion 277
Burns 594
C
C reactive protein 256
Captopril 598
Carbamazepine 653
Carbon dioxide, end-tidal 72
Cardiac arrest, diastolic 210
Cardiac assessment, pathway for 57
Cardiac biometry 114
Cardiac catheterization 117, 123, 156, 202, 243, 254, 285, 297, 300, 326, 357, 367, 390, 396, 404, 413, 421, 431, 451, 523, 619
and angiography, diagnostic 123
complications of 133
indications for 123
routine 132
Cardiac centers, number of 5
Cardiac configuration 80
Cardiac crux 12
Cardiac device-related infective endocarditis 491
Cardiac dextroposition 335f
Cardiac disorders 619
Cardiac drugs, history of 34
Cardiac intensive care, postoperative 168
Cardiac lesions, chest X-ray in 84
Cardiac murmurs 295
Cardiac resynchronization therapy 453
Cardiac status and circulation 186
Cardiac surgery 209
Cardiac tachypnea seldom grunt 35
Cardiac transplantation 133
Cardiac valves 11
Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome 392
Cardiogenic cords 18
arrhythmogenic right ventricular 554
classification of 542fc
primary dilated 543
primary hypertrophic 550
primary restrictive 554
sarcomeric hypertrophic 553f
syndromic hypertrophic 550
Cardiopulmonary exercise test, modalities of 74
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 263
Cardiorenal syndrome 240
Cardiovascular devices 481
Cardiovascular drugs 135
Cardiovascular examination 420
Cardiovascular medications 135
Cardiovascular pharmacology, essential 135
Cardiovascular reflexes 29
Carnitine 680
Celermajer index 403
Cephalization 253
Cephalosporins 277
Cervical arch 379
Cesarean section 339
Chamber enlargement 65
Chemoreceptor reflexes 25
Chemotherapeutic agents, select 608
Cheyne-Stokes breathing 35
Chikungunya 675
Childhood hypertension, treatment of 598t
Childhood tachyarrhythmias 625f
Chloramphenicol 158
Chocardiography 93
Cholelithiasis 604
Cholestasis 152
Cholestyramine 610
Chronic cardiovascular disease 601
Chronic kidney disease 592
Chronic microbial myocarditis 520
Chronic pharmacotherapy 634
Chronic renal disease 608
Ciliary dysfunction 475
Cimetidine 158
Cine angiography 131
Ciprofloxacin 653
Circular shunt physiology 395f
Circulation, airway, and breathing 165
Circulatory arrest 210
Circulatory shock 459
Clarithromycin 653
Clonidine 598
Cobalamin 679
Colesevelam 610
Collateral vessels, abnormal 204
Color flow Doppler imaging 325
Common carotid artery 372
Common congenital heart diseases 567
Common pulmonary vein, atresia of 336
Complete congenital heart block 670
Complete vascular ring 374
imaging, advantages of 118
Conal septum, malalignment of 447
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 594
Congenital cardiovascular malformation 418
Congenital complete heart block 572
Congenital heart disease 3, 5f, 11, 54b, 63, 79, 103, 113, 118, 165, 166t, 167, 204, 211t, 226, 252, 268f, 269f, 271b, 274t, 275-277, 291, 313, 351, 372, 408, 438, 542, 566, 568, 571t, 575, 577, 591, 645, 651, 651b, 658fc, 664t, 665
assessment 118
birth prevalence of 4t
common 207
complex 202
complications 273
diagnosis of 115
echocardiography in 103
intervention in 275
natural history of 272
periconceptual prevention 276
physiological categories of 268
prenatal diagnosis of 573
prevalence of 4t
prevention of 276
Congenital hyperthyroidism 678
Congenital hypothyroidism 677
Congenital portosystemic shunts 573
Consciousness, loss of 263
Constipation 604
Continuous wave 366
Contraception 650
Contralateral sinus 348
Coombs test 669
Coronary aneurysms 534
Coronary angioplasty 192
Coronary anomalies 344
Coronary arterial fistula 35
Coronary arteriovenous fistula 118
Coronary arteritis 529
aneurysms 534
management of 222
course 131
disease 132
disorders 264
histopathology of 530t
origin of 15
Coronary cameral fistulae 202
Coronary computed tomography 344
Coronary fistula 349
Coronary heart disease 602
Coronary ostium, atresia of 348
Coronary vasodilation 76
Coronary-cameral fistula 349
Corrective surgery 210
Corrigan's pulse 42
Cosmetic pediatric cardiac surgery 224
Costal cartilages 11
Cough and wheeze 38
Creatine kinase 610
Cri-du-chat syndrome 306
Crista terminalis 13
Critical congenital heart diseases 577
Cyclic mononucleotides 587
Cystine-storage disease 608
Cytochrome 143
Cytomegalovirus 658
D
Da Silva's cone repair 405
Dallas criteria 522
Danon disease 550
Deafness 668
Dental procedures 483
Dexmedetomidine 181
Diaphoresis 294
Diaphragm, central tendon of 12
Diastolic ventricular volume 25
Dicrotic pulse 42
Diffuse endocardial fibroelastosis 345
Digital subtraction angiography 594
Direct current cardioversion 634
Distal pulmonary arteries, native stenosis of 424
Diurnal variation 44
Dorsal mesogastrium 474f
Double arch, embryology of 374f
Douglas bag 73
Drainage, sites of 328
Duchenne muscular dystrophy 681
Dyslipidemias 601
Dysostosis multiplex 668
Dysplastic tricuspid valve 401f
Dysplastic truncal valve 419
E
Early postoperative infective endocarditis 491
Ebstein anomaly 123, 224, 398, 399, 400, 401f, 402, 402f, 403f, 404, 405, 405f, 407, 408, 569f, 573, 664
Carpentier classification of 400f
cone repair for 406f
natural history of 407
physiology of 400f
Ebstein malformation 399f
Echocardiography 105, 117, 173, 243, 283, 314, 316, 324, 331, 336, 347, 350, 356, 389, 390, 396, 402, 411, 421, 428, 442, 449, 486, 501, 509, 512, 522
functional 99
Edward hypothetical double arch model 372
Edward model 373f
Egami score 537
Ejection fraction 546
Elastin gene 392
Elevated hepatic aminotransferase 151
Elevated jugular venous pressure, causes of 45b
Elevated triglycerides 610
Embolic phenomenon 484
Embolization therapy 203
Embryogenesis 362
Embryonic truncus arteriosus 418
Emery-Dreifuss dystrophy 681
Emphysema 244
End artery vessels 203
Endocardial fibroelastosis 34
Endocrine disorders 550
Endocrine dysfunction 183
Endomyocardial fibroelastosis 56
Endomyocardial fibrosis 554
End-organ oxygen delivery 166
Endothelial nitric oxide 29
Endotracheal tube fixation 170
End-stage renal disease 596
Enzyme replacement therapy 667
Epistaxis 156
Eplerenone 247
Epsilon aminocaproic acid 183
Essential hypertension 593
Excessive pulmonary blood flow 459
Exogenous catecholamines 173
Eye abnormalities 372
Ezetimibe 610
F
Fabry disease 550
Fallot's tetralogy 412f
Familial chylomicronemia syndrome 608
Fastidious organisms 491
Fatigue 35
Fatty acid oxidation disorders 550
Femoral vein 124
Fenestrated fontan operation 221
Fetal
arrhythmias 571
blood flow patterns 459
cardiac screening, steps for 113
cardiology 566
counseling 228
course 448
correlation of 115
indications of 112
antenatal detection on 364
indications for 566t
protocol for 566
heart
defects 573
four-chamber view of 114f
hemodynamics 575
life 345
myocarditis 573
tachycardia 572f
Field exercise testing 76
Filarial worm 676
Flecainide 142
Fludrocortisone 264
Fluorouracil 158
Fluvastatin 610
Focal seizures 620
Folate supplementation 7
Fosphenytoin 158
Friedreich's ataxia 681
Fulminant carditis 499
Fulminant myocarditis 521
Functional pulmonary atresia 399
Fungal endocarditis 491
Fungemia 484
Fungi 484
G
Gain and time gain composition 94
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 669
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 545
Gastric aspiration 674
Gastrointestinal bleeding 182
Gastrointestinal tract 566
Gasul phenomenon 294
Gaucher disease 608
Genitourinary system 475
Gerbode defect 294
Germ disk 18
Gestational diabetes 664
Giant aneurysm 534
Gianturco coil 204
Gingivitis 483
Glasgow outcome score 403
Glenn procedure 178
Global longitudinal strain 539
Glycosaminoglycan 667
Glycosylated hemoglobin 596
Goldenhar syndrome 662
Goldman's specific activity scale 39
Goose neck appearance 325
Gose score 407
Graham Steell murmur 295
Granulicatella 491
Graves’ disease 678
Great Ormond street score 403
Growth and nutrition 274
Grunt 37
Guillain-Barré syndrome 594
H
Happy tachypnea 35
Harrison's groove 295
Head trauma 619
Health-seeking behavior of community 6
Heart 678
anatomy of 11
and blood vessels 24
complete 264
boot-shaped 83f
box-shaped 88f
clockwise rotation of 81
consists, venous system of 16
defects 648
congenital 165
selected 270
adult congenital 229
antenatal detection of congenital 278
common cyanotic 214
critical 6f
end-stage 249
neonatal 165
acute 249
and cyanosis 104
chronic 138
classification of 242
compensatory mechanisms in 239fc
control of 300
diagnosis of 235
end-stage 249
epidemiology 236
mild-to-moderate 138
pediatric chronic 141
pharmacotherapy of 245
prognosis of 235
progressive 244
Ross classification of 543t
symptoms of 307
therapy, physiological basis of 248t
fields 18
pericardium around 12f
peripheral 221
and rhythm, assessment of 114
maximal 71
reduction agents 548
with exercise and rhythm 75f
rest of 11
size 80
sound
structural evaluation of 113
surgery 83
closed 209
surgical approaches for 209
tissue 31
recipients 73
univentricular 132
valve
right-sided 238
surgery 503
Heart-mate 225
Heart-ware 225
Hemangioma 372
Hematology 186
Hematomas 156
Hemithorax, right 79
Hemitruncus 423
Hemolytic anemia treatment 554
Hemoptysis 38
Hemorrhage 156
Hemorrhagic shock 244
Henoch-Schönlein nephritis 594
Heparin 156
Hepatitis 608
Hepatocellular carcinoma 240
Hepatojugular reflux 45
Hepatopulmonary syndrome 341
Hereditary hypertriglyceridemia 608
Hexaxial reference system 60
High frequency ventilation 587
High pressure balloons 198
High-resolution computed tomography scan 412
Hockey stick anterior mitral valve leaflet 106f
Holosystolic murmurs 295
Hookworms 676
Horizontal reference system 61
Human embryo 21f
Human heart 12
Hydroxychloroquine, role of 539
Hyperammonemia 341
Hypercalcemia 594
Hypercyanotic spell 167
Hyperkalemia 146
Hyperpnea 167
categorization of 591
etiology of 593
evaluation of 594
portal 240
portopulmonary 253
primary 593
screening for 591
staging of 591
Hyperthermia 174
Hyperthyroidism 678
Hypertrophied infundibular muscles 299f
Hyperventilation 587
Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis 152
Hypopituitarism 608
Hypoplastic pulmonary artery 399
Hypothermia 169
Hypovolemia 246
I
Iatrogenic mitral regurgitation 194
Ibuprofen 277
Idiopathic hypercalcemia 608
Idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia 635
Immunizations 652
Immunologic system 474
In vitro fertilization 566
Indicator dilution method 26
Indolent carditis 499
Indomethacin 277
Infantile acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome 531b
complications of 486
differential diagnosis for 487
management of 490
prevention of 492
risk factors for 481
Inferior bridging leaflet 321
Infiltrative disorders 554
Inflammatory disease 608
Influenza 253
Infrahepatic suprarenal segment 339
Infundibular extension 292
Infundibulum 14
Inguinal ligament 124
Inherited arrhythmias 73
Injury 594
Inlet extension 292
Inotropes 247
Inotropic agents 174
Intact interventricular septum 202
Interleukin 537
Interlobar edema 253
Intermediate-density lipoprotein 606
International Pediatric Stroke Study 618
International Society for Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 567
Internodal tracts 17
Intersegmenta artery 374
Interventricular artery, inferior 12
Interventricular groove 12
Intracardiac shunts, transcatheter closure of 198
Intracellular calcium 237
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection 566
Intrauterine growth restriction 659
Intravascular stents, role of 204
Intravenous beta-blockers 414
Intravenous methylprednisolone 537
Intravenous sildenafil 257
Intravenous sodium bicarbonate 414
Invasive angiography 413
Irbesartan 598
Irregular polymorphic tachyarrhythmia 633f
Irreversible pulmonary hypertension 419
Ischemia reperfusion injury 170
Ischemic heart disease 602
Isomerism 468
Isoniazid 653
Isoprenaline 76
Isoproterenol 175
Isovolumetric relaxation 125
Isovolumic contraction time 27
Isovolumic relaxation time 27
Isradipine 598
J
Jarvik heart 225
Jaundice 253
Joint stiffness 668
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis 671
Juvenile mitral stenosis 509f
Juvenile Tay-Sachs disease 608
K
Kabuki syndrome 662
Kawasaki disease 35, 36, 40, 41, 73, 106, 132, 237, 344, 528, 529, 531, 532b, 533, 534, 536, 537, 537t, 539, 540, 608
diagnostic guidelines of 531b
long-term management of 538
management of 535
serum biomarkers for 534
treatment protocol of 536b
Keshan disease 679
Ketamine 181
Ketoconazole 158
Keutel syndrome 393
Klinefelter syndrome 608
Knott-Craig monocusp technique 405
Kobayashi score 537
Koch triangle 439
Konno procedure, modified 358
Kugelberg-Welander disease 682
Kyphosis 90
L
Ladd procedure 474
Laparoscopic adjustable gastric band 605
Lead poisoning 594
Leaflet
delamination of 406
left
inferior 213
lateral 213
superior 213
right
inferior 213
lateral 213
superior 213
LeCompte intraventricular repair 443
Left atrioventricular valve anomalies 447
Left atrium 13, 14, 96, 102, 213, 297, 298, 318, 320, 325, 336, 403, 413, 422, 440, 446, 447, 450-452, 461, 462, 553, 554, 561
enlargement of 81
Left axis deviation 347
Left coronary cusp 355
Left ventricular
cavity, small 110f
diastolic
function, assessment of 100
pressure 130
disease 241
dysfunction, management of 246
end-diastolic pressure 354
enlargement 81
inflow obstruction, causes of 506b
noncompaction 110
lesions 357
obstruction, multiple levels of 353f
pressure, normal 126f
septal thickness 549
systolic function 173
assessment of 100
Legionella pneumophila 491
Levoatrial cardinal vein 339
Libman-Sacks endocarditis 487
Life and psychosocial consequences, quality of 275
Life-threatening pulmonary edema 149
Ligament arteriosus, left 380
Linear nevus sebaceous syndrome 41
Lipodystrophy 608
Liver 240
cirrhosis of 244
coagulation factors 240
congestion, passive 240
fibrosis 465
hypoperfusion of 240
transplantation 608
Loeys-Dietz syndrome 120
Loop diuretics 151
Lovastatin 610
Low birth weight 201
Low molecular weight heparin 156
Low volume pulse 42
Lower respiratory infections 301
Lung 241
disease
parenchymal 167
primary parenchymal 256
ground-glass appearance of 331f
hypoplasia 80
lymphangiectasia of 459
mass 90
right 84
segments 132
tissue 565f
Lutembacher syndrome 282
Lymphatic insufficiency 465
Lymphatic obstruction 244
M
Magnesium 678
Malaria 675
Malnutrition 239
Marantic endocarditis 487
Masked hypertension 592
Mass 80
Massive pulmonary embolism, acute 155
Maternal disease 277
Maternal infections 7
Mean platelet volume 659
Measles 532
Measuring failure to thrive 39b
Mechanical heart valves 5
Mechanical trauma 16
Meconium aspiration syndrome 305
Ménétrier's sign 672
Meningitis 486
Mental subnormality 668
Mercury poisoning 532
Mesobuthus tamulus 676
Metabolic abnormality 542
Metabolic alkalosis 246
Metabolism, inborn errors of 237
Methotrexate 536
Methyl prednisolone 536
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 619
Mexiletine 141
Miconazole 158
Microdeletion syndromes 659
Micturating cystourethrogram 596
Migraine 620
Mild hypoplasia 462f
Mitral atresia 462f
Mitral inflow Doppler 101f
anatomy, normal 506
dilatation 194
disease 282
surgery for 223
leaflet 512f
anterior 106
regurgitation 488
Mixed venous oxygenation 172
MMR vaccination 277
Molecular genetics 426
Monomorphic tachyarrhythmia 633f
Morphine 167
Mortality 475
Moxifloxacin 158
Multidetector computed tomography 535
Multiple lentigines 550
Multiple ligand probe amplification 657
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome 237
Murmur 53
asymptomatic 33
cardiac 50
character of 52
diastolic 51
early
diastolic 51
systolic 51
grading of 52
innocent 230
late
diastolic 51
systolic 51
mid
diastolic 51
palpable 47
pandiastolic 51
quality of 52
systolic 51
timing of 51
Muscular ventricular septal defect 292
Myocardial bridges 351
Myocardial cell 30
Myocardial contraction, strength of 25
Myocardial disorders 573
Myocardial injury, direct 238
Myocardial involvement 533
Myocardial ischemia 339
Myocardial protection 210
Myofibrils 24
Myosin filaments 24
Myosin-binding protein C 549
N
Native valve endocarditis 481
Natriuretic peptides 243
Nausea 152
Near infrared spectroscopy 172
Nearly-atretic pulmonary valve 270
Neck trauma 619
Necrotizing enterocolitis 168
Neil's classification 329
Neonatal arch obstruction, treatment of 368
Neonatal cardiology 575
Neonatal coarctation, diagnosis of 103
Neonatal hypertension 599
Neonatal lupus 670
Neonatal pulse oximetry 363
Neonatal supraventricular tachycardia 588f
Neopulmonary artery 453
Neprilysin inhibitor, combination of 247
Nervous system 477
Nesiritide 247
Neurocognitive development 240
Neurodevelopmental disabilities 275
Neurohormonal interactions 240
Neurological issues 181
Neurological presentations 38
Neurological problems 274
Neurological status 186
Neuromuscular blockade 181
Neuromuscular diseases 681
Neurovascular manifestations 485
Nicardipine 597
Nice classification 252f
Niemann-Pick disease 608
Nifedipine 598
Nikaidoh procedure 218
Nikaidoh-Bex operation 435
Nitrofurantoin 277
Nodal cilia 476
Non-cardiac conditions 73
Noncardiac surgeries 649
Non-coronary cusp 355
Nongiant coronary aneurysm 534
Nonpurulent conjunctivitis 532f
Nonsyndromic congenital heart disease 664
Noradrenaline 161
Norepinephrine 174
Norfloxacin 653
Normal apex beat 46
Normal coronary artery anatomy 344f
N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide 668
Nucleic acid amplification tests 486
O
clinical manifestation of 602
etiology of 601
management of 604
related hypertension 602
surgical treatment of 605
treatment
components of 604
phases of 604
targets for 604
Obstruction, different levels of 387f
Obstructive liver disease 608
Ocular manifestations 485
Ohm's law 129
Oligemia 81
Oliguria 241
Omeprazole 158
One and half ventricle repair 406
Open heart surgery 209
Operator skill, dependence on 117
Optimal resource utilization 8
Oral contraceptives 608
Oral flora 483
Oral penicillin V 7
Oral-dental hygiene 273
Orthopnea 34
Orthotopic heart transplantation 548
Oscillometry 43
Osteogenesis imperfecta 673
Outflow septum 291
Outlet ventricular septal defect 293
Oximetry 125
Oxygenation index 587
P
Pacemakers 649
Palliative surgery 210
Palpation 46
Palpatory method 43
Pancreatitis 152
Parachute valve 295
Parasitic infections 676
Paresthesia 152
Paroxetine 277
Patch recorders 69
Patent arterial duct 238
Patent ductus arteriosus 48, 52, 83, 85, 131, 201, 202f, 212, 237, 268, 269, 272, 277, 305, 307, 308, 308f, 310f, 314, 344, 361, 362, 364f, 366f, 383f, 384, 393-395, 395f, 400, 401, 412, 441, 453, 579, 659
large 82f
Peak oxygen consumption 72
Pediatric cardiovascular disease 233
Pediatric echocardiography 94
Pediatric extracorporeal life support, role of 224
Pediatric heart
failure
newer drugs in 247
therapy 249
treatment of advanced 249
surgery 208f
transplantation 225
Pediatric intensive care unit 274
Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus 669
Pediatric valve diseases, management of 223
Percutaneous interventional therapy 197
Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation 204
Perianal excoriation 532f
Pericardial constriction 563
Pericardial sac, development of 22
Pericardial tamponade 202
Pericarditic chest pain 559
anatomy of 557
congenital absence of 564
function of 557
inner layers of 107
layers of 12f
pressure volume curve of 557f
Perinatal management 431
Peripheral alpha antagonist 598
Peripheral perfusion index 57
Perivalvular extension 488
Persistent central cyanosis 36
Personal bias, avoiding 229
Pharmacologic therapy 609
Pharmacological stress testing 76
Pharmacological treatment 605
Phenytoin 653
Pheochromocytoma 677
Phrenic nerve injury 179
Physical rehabilitation 650
Physiologic peripheral pulmonary stenosis 646
Pig tapeworm 676
Pinworm 676
Piperacillin 158
Plasma, excessive administration of 594
Plastic bronchitis 221
Pneumonitis 83
Pneumothorax 91
Poisoning 244
Polyarteritis nodosa 670
Polyarthritis 499
Polycystic kidney disease 593
Polycythemia 38
Polymorphic tachycardia 637f
Polysomnography 257
Polysplenia 340
Portal system 337
Portal vein 240
Postcardiac procedure 481
Postcardiac surgery, chest X-ray in 91
Postdouble switch operation 452f
Postnatal hypoxemia, history of 33
Postnatal management 115
Post-pericadiotomy syndrome 558
Post-solid organ transplantation 608
Poststreptococcal reactive arthropathy 499
Postsurgical pulmonary arterial stenosis 424
Posturologic surgery 594
Potassium-sparing diuretics 153
Potts shunt 259
Pravastatin 610
Prazosin 598
Precapillary sphincters 25
Precapillary systemic vasculature 24
Precordium, examination of 46
Prednisone 158
Primitive aortic arches, derivative of 372t
Pro-B-type natriuretic peptide 534
Procalcitonin 183
Prodrome 263
Progeria 608
Proinflammatory chemokine response 483
Propafenone 143
Prostacyclin 258
Prosthetic cardiac valve 492
Prosthetic material 481
Protein energy malnourishment 678
Proteinuria 341
Prothrombin time 620
Pseudonormalization 357
Pulmonary
annulus 390f
bay 87
capillary wedge pressure 125
fibrosis 244
function tests 257
hemorrhage 179
hypertensive crisis 177
hypoplasia 400
oligemia 461
outflow tract obstruction 441
plethora 81
system 472
thromboembolism 256
trunk 84
valvuloplasty 391
vasculature 81
vessels 83
Pulmonary artery 14, 20, 36, 49, 49f, 73, 84f, 87, 90f, 97f, 115, 115f, 131, 211, 222, 222f, 237, 254f, 268, 315, 319, 345, 346b, 362, 371, 374, 383, 384f, 387, 387f, 399, 406, 435, 438, 443, 450, 462
anatomy 118
role of 222
distal 29
isolated unilateral absence of 392
mean 395
nonconfluent 132
origin 172
partial 385f
assessment of 102
proximal 21
balloon dilatation of 197f
lower 90f
shunts, role of systemic to 221
small 104f
classification 252
clinical presentation 253
drug therapy 257
etiology of 259
evaluation 253
functional status in 253t
genetic testing 257
management of postoperative 178
postoperative 177
risk stratification 257
signs of 335
management of 391t
nongenetic causes for 393
particularly 231
physiology 269
univentricular physiology with 88
Pulmonary vascular
Pulmonary venous
angioplasty 198
drainage, anomalies of 328
severe 509f
signs of 83
pathway 432f
system 22
wedge angiography 133
Pulseless ventricular fibrillation 143
Pulsus paradoxus 42
Pulsus parvus et tardus 356
Pyogenic pericardial effusion 107
R
Radial pulse 41
Radiofrequency 466
Ramipril 598
Red blood cells 169
Re-entrant tachyarrhythmias 627f
Reflex sinus bradycardia, severe 162
Refractory period, effective 140
Renal anomalies 566
Renal concerns 180
Renal function tests 242
Renal infarcts 486
Renal manifestations 486
Renal perfusion, poor 240
Renal replacement therapy 181
Renal transplantation 594
Renovascular disease 594
Respiratory care 185
Respiratory dysfunction 178
Respiratory illness, prevention of 650
Respiratory management, postoperative 178
Respiratory rate 37
Respiratory symptoms 38
Respiratory system 477
Respiratory therapists, role of 185
Respiratory tract infection, recurrent 38
Retinoic acid 664
acute 4
epidemiological triad of 495
epidemiology of 4
etiopathogenesis of 496fc
historical landmarks of 495t
management of 503fc
natural history of 504
pathogenesis of 496
pathology of 496
treatment of 502
Rheumatic heart disease 3, 4, 106, 105f, 106f, 110, 481, 494, 495t, 496fc, 504fc, 506, 508f, 509b, 509f, 510f, 515f, 515t, 597t
multivalve 516
penicillin prophylaxis for 649
Riboflavin 679
Ribonucleic acid 607
Right atrium 13, 14, 96, 124, 211, 214, 216, 223, 281, 320, 325, 336, 338, 387, 399, 400, 403, 412, 413, 440, 446, 447, 450-452, 461, 462, 553, 554, 561
morphological 95
Right common carotid artery 362
Right coronary cusp 355
Right innominate artery 372
Right ventricular
activity 47
diastolic function, assessment of 102
dysplasia 108
enlargement 81
hypoplasia 394
outflow obstruction 387
continuous wave Doppler echocardiography of 413f
stenting of 203
anatomical levels of 387
pressure 127f
systolic function, assessment of 101
Rosuvastatin 610
Roundworm 676
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass 605
S
Sano score 537
Sarcomeric gene mutations 550
Satoshi sato score 537
Scarlet fever 532
Scars 46f
Scoliosis 90
Scorpion sting envenomation 676
Sedation 181
Sedentary behavior, reduction of 605
Selenium 679
Selexipag 259
Senning atrial baffle procedure 453
Senning's operation 70
Septal tricuspid leaflet 398
Septoparietal trabeculations 14
Sequential segmental approach 95
Serotonin reuptake inhibitor, selective 113
Shagreen spots 41
Short stature 668
Shunt
lesions 125
murmur, auscultation for 170
pretricuspid 268
quantification 128
quantity of 84
right-to-left 259
Sickle cell anemia 681
Simple heart defects 648
Simvastatin 610
Single coronary artery 349
Single functional ventricle 457
Sinoatrial node 623f
Skeletal muscle vasculature 160
Skin manifestations 485
Sleep-disordered breathing 603
Snowman heart 331
Soft tissue structures 90
Sound 47
Specific counseling conundrums 228
Sphygmomanometry 43
Splenic infarcts 486
Splenic manifestations 485
Squatting 38
Standing infundibulum 15
Static balloon dilatation atrial septostomy 191
Statins 158
Steatorrhea 239
Sternal hypoplasia 90
Stevens-Johnson syndrome 532
Storage disease 608
Storage disorders 666
Straight back syndrome 90
Streptococcal infection, elimination of 502
Streptococcus
mitis 484
mutans 484
oralis 484
pneumoniae 484
Stretch 32
Stridor 38
Subaortic obstruction 441
Subaortic stenosis 353
Subclinical carditis 498
Subendocardial purkinje network 30
Subpulmonary stenosis 447
Subpulmonic ventricular septal defect 299f
Subvalvar aortic stenosis 355
Subvalvar stenosis 358
Suck-rest-suck cycle 35
Sucralfate 653
Sudden cardiac death 348
Sulfamethoxazole 653
Sulfhemoglobin 36
Sulfonylureas 158
Superior caval veins, embryogenesis of 337
Supra-mitral ring 360
Suprasystemic ventricular pressures 459
Surface electrocardiogram 30
Surgical aortic valve intervention 359
Surgical aortopulmonary shunt 203
Surgical pulmonary valve implantation 204
Surgical repair 368
Susceptibility-weighted imaging 620
Sweating 39
Swiss Cheese septum 222
Syncardia 225
cardiovascular 264
clinical approach to 264
clinical features 263
convulsive 263
etiopathogenesis 263
investigations 263
neurocardiogenic 262
physical examination 265
recurrent 263
reflex 262
treatment 264
Syndromic children 231
Synkoptein 262
Systemic arterial tree 15
Systemic arteriovenous fistula 44
Systemic blood flow, effective 129
Systemic endothelial injury 173
Systemic hypertension 591
Systemic hypoperfusion 582
Systemic hypotension 587
Systemic vasculitis 593
Systemic ventricular dysfunction 138
T
acute management of 137
classification of 624fc
mechanism of 625f
supraventricular 632t
re-entrant 401
treatment of 135
Tandem mass spectrometry 545
Target blood pressure 597
Taussig-Bing malformation 443
Tele-echocardiography 116
Tension pneumothorax 80
Teratogenicity 277t
Tetralogy of Fallot 83, 87, 88f, 105, 123, 136, 214, 214f, 216, 228, 268, 272, 275, 305, 313, 329, 338f, 344, 351, 387, 410, 412f, 413f, 415, 416f, 424, 440f, 441, 462f, 485f, 569f, 571, 582f, 659, 673
repair 120
Thalassemia major 680
Thebesian veins 13
Theophylline 180
Therapeutic hypothermia 181
Thiamine 679
Thoracic dimension 80
Thoracic duct injury 179
Thoracic spine, upper 90
Thoracoscopic procedures, video-assisted 311
Thorax 90
Threadworm 676
Thrombocytopenia 156
Thrombosis 106
Thyrotoxicosis 238
Tissot spirometer 73
Todd's paresis 620
Torsades de pointes 636f
Total anomalous pulmonary venous
communication 272
classification of 329t
repair 218
types of 218f
return 277
Total cavopulmonary anastomosis 178
Total parenteral nutrition 466
Tourette syndrome 566
Trabecular extension 292
Trabecular portion 15
Tracheoesophageal fistula 566
Traditional holter, placement of 69f
Tranexamic acid 183
Transcatheter
balloon valvuloplasty 194
device closure 288f
pulmonary valve placement 424
replacement 205
Transient ischemic attack 39
Transitional counseling 229
Transverse arch hypoplasia 367f
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion 173
Tricuspid annulus 399
Tricuspid leaflet, posterior 398
Tricuspid pouch 325
Tricuspid valve 14, 89, 96, 98, 104f, 111, 224, 288, 291, 297, 320f, 395, 432, 440, 450, 457, 485f, 557f, 625f
disease 515
Ebstein anomaly of 398
endocarditis 107f
repair 454
septal leaflet of 292
severe 394f
Tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane 169
Trisomy syndromes 410
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia 676
Tuberculous pericardial effusion 107
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome 573
U
Uhl's anomaly 582
pathophysiology of 459
Universal pulse oximetry screening 57
Unoperated defects 648
Upper airway diseases 253
Upper body venous return, anomalies of 337
Upper limb 44
Urinary tract infection, recurrent 591
Urine output 180
V
VACTERL association 662
Valentine heart 12
Valproic acid 277
Valvar pulmonary stenosis 86
Valvar stenosis 358
Valve regurgitation, congenital 274
Valve sparing repair 415
Valvular dysfunction 488
Valvular heart disease 105
Valvular regurgitation, severe 573
Valvulitis 484
Valvuloplasty 191
Vanillylmandelic acid 596
Vardinal vein, right anterior 22
Vascular access 124
Vascular phenomenon 487
Vascular resistance 129
Vascular smooth muscle cell 306
Vasculopathy 619
Vasoactive medicines 175t
Velocardiofacial syndrome 418
Vena cava 115f
Vena contracta 105
Venereal Disease Research Laboratory 669
Venosus system, development of 22f
Venous thrombosis 156
Ventilatory anaerobic threshold 72
Ventricular conduction pathways 623f
Ventricular failure 459
Ventricular function 110
Ventricular hypertrophy 459
Ventricular hypoplasia 326
Ventricular loop 95
Ventricular outflow tract obstruction 439
Ventricular pre-excitation 66
Ventricular septal defect 37, 49, 84, 103f, 105f, 123, 200, 212f, 228, 269, 291, 292, 295f-298f, 308, 325f, 336, 362, 372, 400, 410, 413f, 418, 435, 438-440, 440f, 441f, 442, 447, 452f, 461, 571, 576, 646, 659, 664, 677
classification of 292
malaligned 293
midmuscular 301f
moderate-to-large 294
natural history of 293
subaortic 440
Ventricular systole 14
Ventricular topology 471
Ventriculoinfundibular fold 440
Verapamil 144
Vertebral defects 566
Vertical sleeve gastrectomy 605
Very low-density lipoprotein 606
Vescicoureteral reflux 596
Viral infection, assessment of 521
Visceral situs solitus 338
Volcano type valve 355
Volume overload 448