Index

Partha’s Current Trends in Diagnosis and Management in Pediatric and Adolescent Practice A Parthasarathy, Alok Gupta

CHAPTER 1A:Newborn
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
  - Initial NICU Management
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
  - Surfactant Replacement Therapy1
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
    - Screening for ROP
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
CHAPTER 1B:Newborn
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND
CHAPTER 2:Growth and Development
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL FEATURES2
- GENETIC BASE
- LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
  - Indications
- MANAGEMENT
  - Specific Management
    - Pharmacotherapy
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND
- MANAGEMENT
  - Drawbacks
- INTRODUCTION1
- CLINICAL USE
  - Stem Cell Therapy in Autism2
  - Stem Cells and Autism: Clinical Trials
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL ASPECTS
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- CONCEPTS IN SAVANT SYNDROME1
  - Sussex Savant Questionnaire
- MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 3:Nutrition
- INTRODUCTION
- PREVALENCE
- CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
  - Background
- EFFECT
  - Background
- NUTRITIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT OF MAM
  - Background
- READY TO USE NUTRIENT-RICH FOOD
- READY TO USE THERAPEUTIC FOOD
- DISCHARGE CRITERIA FOR MAM FROM REGIME
- PREVENTION
- DEFINITION
  - Background
- RELEVANCE OF UNDERNUTRITION IN IMMUNITY
  - Background
- EFFECT OF SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS ON IMMUNITY
  - Macronutrients
    - Background
  - Micronutrients
- NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT
  - Background
- NUTRITIONAL APPROACH IN NAIDS
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
  - Background
- ETIOLOGY
  - Background
- ASSESSMENT
  - Background
- PREVENTION
  - Background
- TREATMENT
  - Background
    - Behavioral Therapy
- INTRODUCTION
- FUNCTION
  - Background
- CAUSES OF DEFICIENCY
  - Background
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- FUNCTION
  - Background
- DEFICIENCY CAUSES
  - Background
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
  - Background
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
CHAPTER 4:Infectious Diseases
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- TREATMENT
  - Background
CHAPTER 5:Gastroenterology and Hepatology
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
CHAPTER 6:Neurology
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
    - Definition
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
  - Intermittent Clobazam Therapy in Febrile Seizures
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- NEONATAL SEIZURES
  - Background
- APPROACH TO EPILEPSY SYNDROME
  - Background
    - Epilepsy Syndrome
- MANAGEMENT OF SEIZURES IN CHILDREN
  - Background
  - Drug-resistant Epilepsy
    - Nonpharmacological Treatment
    - Surgical Treatment
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT (AHA/ASA GUIDELINES 2019)
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
  - Antibody-based Biomarkers
- TREATMENT
  - Background
CHAPTER 7:Cardiology
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
  - Refractory KD
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- STRATEGY FOR DIAGNOSIS OF DCM
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 8:Pulmonology
- INTRODUCTION
- ETIOLOGY
  - Background
- TREATMENT
- CONCLUSION
- INTRODUCTION
- PRESENTATION
  - Pulmonary Infection in Cystic Fibrosis
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
  - Nutrition
  - Pancreatic Insufficiency
  - Classes of Drugs Tried
- CONCLUSION
- INTRODUCTION
- RESPIRATORY PHENOTYPING
- INVESTIGATION
  - Imaging
- TREATMENT
  - Fluid Balance
- CONCLUSION
- INTRODUCTION
- AIRWAY CLEARANCE: INDICATIONS
- TYPES OF AIRWAY CLEARANCE TECHNIQUES
  - Background
  - Types
- CONCLUSION
- INTRODUCTION
- TERMINOLOGY
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- TREATMENT
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 9A:Allergy and Immunology
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- CLASSIFICATION OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS
- MANAGEMENT
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
CHAPTER 9B:Allergy and Immunology
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- SUBCUTANEOUS IMMUNOTHERAPY
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
CHAPTER 10A:Nephrology
- INTRODUCTION
- PATHOGENESIS
- DIAGNOSIS
- DEFINITIONS
- MANAGEMENT
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- DIAGNOSIS
- THERAPY
- INTRODUCTION
- INVESTIGATIONS
- TREATMENT
CHAPTER 10B:Nephrology
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
  - Other Investigations Useful in UTI (Flowchart 10A.1.1)
- TREATMENT
  - Background
    - Parenteral Antibiotics
    - Oral Antibiotics
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
  - Screening Investigations
- TREATMENT
  - Background
    - Management of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents
    - Pharmacotherapy
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- TREATMENT
  - Background
CHAPTER 11A:Urology
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
- INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATION AND WORK-UP
- INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
- INTRODUCTION
- ETIOPATHOGENESIS
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
  - Conservative Management
  - Surgical Management
CHAPTER 11B:Urology
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CHAPTER 12:Hematology
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
    - Parenteral Iron Therapy
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
    - Nonsteroidal Immunosuppressant Drugs in Chronic ITP
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
CHAPTER 13:Oncology
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
    - Monoclonal Antibodies in HL
    - Monoclonal Antibodies Used in NHL
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
    - Neuroimaging
    - Histology
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 14:Otorhinolaryngology
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- INCIDENCE
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
CHAPTER 15:Dermatology
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 16:Ophthalmology
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
- MANAGEMENT
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- ETIOLOGY
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
CHAPTER 17A:Endocrinology
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
    - Diagnostic Criteria
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
CHAPTER 17B:Endocrinology
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
CHAPTER 18:Genetic and Congenital Disorders
- CHROMOSOMAL MICROARRAY
  - Introduction
  - Diagnosis
- NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING
  - Introduction
  - Diagnosis
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUE
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Serum Markers
- PREVENTION
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
  - Role of Steroids in DMD
CHAPTER 19:Metabolic Disorders
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
  - Enzyme Assay
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
    - Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
    - Enzyme Replacement Therapy
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
    - Clinical Presentation
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
  - Pharmacological Treatment
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- TREATMENT
  - Background
CHAPTER 20:Adolescent Medicine
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND
- VERSION 2: HEEADSSS
  - Background
    - Learning to Use HEEADSSS Interview
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND
  - WHO Life Skill Education
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND
- NEED OF EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND
  - Definition1,2
  - Pathophysiology1,2
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Stool Biomarkers2,3
  - Endoscopic Evaluation2,3
- MANAGEMENT1,4–6
CHAPTER 21A:Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care
- INTRODUCTION
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND CATEGORIZATION OF SHOCK1
- DIAGNOSIS AND MONITORING OF SHOCK
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT OF SHOCK
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
  - Background
- CLASSIFICATION
  - Background
  - Classification of SE
- INTRODUCTION
- PARACETAMOL (ACETAMINOPHEN) POISONING
- BUTTON BATTERY INGESTION
- PARAQUAT POISONING
CHAPTER 21B:Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care
- INTRODUCTION
- ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Laboratory Investigations and Monitoring
    - Monitoring
- MANAGEMENT
- INTRODUCTION
- NONINVASIVE RESPIRATORY SUPPORT METHODS
- INDICATIONS OF NIV
- CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR NONINVASIVE RESPIRATORY SUPPORT3,4
- MONITORING ON NIV SUPPORT
- INTRODUCTION
- TYPES OF SHOCK IN CHILDREN
- GENERAL PRINCIPLES IN SHOCK RESUSCITATION
  - Choice of Vasoactive Medications: A Brief Review
  - Approach to Vasoactive Therapy in Pediatric Shock
CHAPTER 22A:Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Learning Disabilities
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
CHAPTER 22B:Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Learning Disabilities
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
  - Differential Diagnosis
- PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGICAL DISORDERS
  - Signs of Phonetic/Phonological Disorders in Children
- BIOLOGICAL RISK FACTORS FOR LANGUAGE, PHONETIC, AND PHONOLOGIC DISORDERS
- MANAGEMENT
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
- RISK FACTORS
- PREVALENCE
- SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT
- MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 23:Pediatric Surgery
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
    - Indications for Surgical Consultations in Children with Acute Abdominal Pain
- ACUTE APPENDICITIS
  - Background
- VOLVULUS NEONATORUM
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND
- MEDICOLEGAL IMPLICATIONS
  - Background
- FOLLOW-UP OF A SURGICAL PATIENT
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
  - Background
  - Indications for Surgery
- INTRODUCTION
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Background
- MANAGEMENT

INDEX

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, fc refer to flowchart, and t refer to table.

Abdomen 454

Acapella 157

Accidents, victims of 391

Acetaminophen poisoning 410

Acetylcholine 471

Achalasia 83, 84t

cardia 83, 471, 472f

diagnosis of 471

diagnosis for 84t

etiology of 471

therapy for 473

Achromobacter xylosoxidans 147

Acid

fast bacilli 76

maltase deficiency 365

Acidosis

hyperchloremic 406

management of 135

Acne 300, 335, 337

inflammatory 335

vulgaris 300

Acnegenic pathways 302

Acorn sign 353

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, nutritionally 57

Acute coronary syndrome 124

Acute focal neurological deficit, differential diagnosis of 116b

Acute respiratory distress syndrome 152, 413, 416, 418t

Adenine 45

Adenocarcinoma 223

Adenosine 139

Adenovirus 142, 151

Adipo-derived stem cells 41

Adjuvant medical therapy 286

Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital 214, 215f, 219, 220f, 341, 344t, 350

Adrenaline 168

Adrenocorticotropic hormone 87

stimulation test 343t

Afamelanotide 381

Age-based fat-soluble vitamin supplementation 148t

Air bronchogram 13f

Airway clearance 154

indications 154

technique 154, 155b, 159

types of 154

Airway mucus layer 154

Alanine aminotransferase 125

Albumin 61

Alcohol 175, 446

Aldolase deficiency 366

Alex allergy explorer 178

Alkaptonuria 351

Allergen

component 178

exposure, symptoms of 166

Allergic facial mannerism 164

Allergic gap 164

Allergic rhinitis 164, 166

classification of 164

diagnosis of 164

Allergic salute 164

Allergic sensitization, evidence of 166

Allergoid immunotherapy 182

Allergy 163, 173, 323

Alopecia 335

Alpha interferon 253

Alpha-2-adrenergic agonists 34

Alveolar capillary damage 418

Alveolar epithelial damage 418

Alveolar interstitial syndrome 152

Alzheimer's disease 43

Amblyopia 305, 313

anisometropic 309

moderate 306

therapy 317

treatment studies 306

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring 199

American Academy of Ophthalmology 309

American Academy of Pediatrics 2, 7, 101

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 336

American Heart Association 7

Amikacin 161, 162

Amino acids 58

Aminoglycoside antibiotics 149

Aminolevulinic acid 378, 379f

Aminophylline 168

Aminotransferase 411

Amiodarone 139

Amitriptyline 113

Amlodipine 200, 250

Ammonia removal 375

Amniotic fluid 41, 363

Amoxicillin 79, 273

Ampakines 35

Amphetamine 390

Ampicillin 273

Amplification-refractory mutation system 363

Anabolism, stimulation of 377

Anaphylaxis 170

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma 261

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase 264

Andersen's disease 365

Androgen Excess Society 336

Androgen receptor, competitive antagonism of 337

Anemia

congenital macrocytic normochromic 254

hemolytic 74

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor 130, 200, 201

Angiotensin receptor

blocker 200, 201

neprilysin 133

Anomalous pulmonary venous connection 134

Anorexia 373

Antagonize hepcidin 239

Antenatal hydronephrosis 189

management of 191fc

Antenatal ultrasound 137, 225

Anti-androgen therapy 337

Antibiotic

allergy, multiple 273

parenteral 196

Antibody, anti-platelet 251

Anticipatory guidance 384

Antiepileptic drugs 64, 107

Anti-GD2 antibodies, mechanism of action of 264

Antigen, immunotherapeutic 264

Anti-glomerular basement 199

Antihypertensive drug

and dosages 200t

selection 201t

Anti-infection agents, oral 295

Anti-inflammatory therapies 19

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody 199

Antipyretic agents 101

Antiretroviral drugs 95

Antithrombin deficiency 118

Anti-tuberculous drugs 95

Antivascular endothelial growth factor 23

Antiviral agents 131

Anxiety 32, 387, 436

handling parental 464

Anxiolytic medicines 380

Aortic dilatation 32

Aortic regurgitation 124

Apgar score 8

Aphasia 445

Apnea 69

Appendicitis 459

acute 459

chronic 400

Arcuate fasciculus 449f

Area postrema syndrome 121f

Arginase deficiency 376

Arginine 376

deficiency 376

plasma concentration of 374

Argininosuccinate

lyase 376

synthetase 376

ARIA clinical classification 165fc

Arrhythmia 129

Artemisinin 81

Asian Pacific Association for Study of Liver 96

Aspartate aminotransferase 125

Asperger syndrome, diagnosis of 49

Aspiration, risk of 421

Aspirin 175

low-dose 126

Assisted autogenic drainage 156

Asthma 166, 323

Ataluren 359

Ataxia 369

Atenolol 201

Atkins diet, modified 108

Atopic dermatitis 302, 303

Atopic eczema 303

Atrioventricular block 124

Atrioventricular reentry tachycardia 137

Atrophy 369

Atropine penalization 306

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder 32, 387, 389, 436

Auditory brainstem implant 280

placement of 281f

Auditory cortex 277

Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder 277

Auditory nuclei 281f

Autism 40

diagnosis of 49

spectrum disorder 32 433, 433f, 445

challenges for 388

treatment for 434, 435

Autogenic drainage 155

Autoimmune diseases 323

Autologous plasma skin test 174

Autologous serum skin test 174

Autologous umbilical cord blood 42

Avastin 23

Axial myopia 308

Axon guidance, genetic disorders of 44

Azacytidine 248

Azathioprine 253

Azithromycin 75, 273

Bacterial obstruction 296

Balloon dilatation 230

Bambuterol 168

Banana sign 353

Bardet-Biedl syndrome 64

Bariatric surgery, role of 463

Barium

esophagogram 83

swallow 84

Basilar artery 115

Basophil activation test 174

advantages of 175

Basophil histamine release assay 175

B-cell

lymphoblastic lymphoma, immature 260

lymphomas, mature 260

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome 64

Behavioral therapy 65

Benchmark disabilities 451

Besnier's prurigo 303

Best corrected visual acuity 305

Beta-enolase deficiency 366

Beta-thalassemia, treatment of 248

Bevacizumab 23

intravitreal 23

Bickerstaff encephalitis 119

Bile salt exporter pump 92

Bilevel positive airway pressure 417, 420, 422, 425

Biliary diversion procedures 93

Binocular fusion 313

Binocular interaction, disturbed 305

Biomarkers, antibody-based 119

Biopsy

endomyocardial 132

proven 131

Biotin

analog 12

deficiency 68

plasma concentration 69

Biotinidase deficiency 351

Bird-beak fashion 471

Birth asphyxia 316

Bladder

capacity 469

distended 467

Bleeding

active 10

per rectum 456

Blinatumomab 259

Blindness 318

Blood

chemistries 240

culture 194

gas, arterial 134, 417

glucose, self-monitoring of 331

investigations 279

pressure 197, 198t, 405

diastolic 202, 203, 205, 206

invasive 9

levels 202, 205

urea nitrogen 338

Bloom syndrome 340

Bocavirus 151

Body mass index 148, 463

Bone marrow 240, 248

examination 246

transplantation in utero 250

Bottle positive expiratory pressure 156f

Botulinum toxin

endoscopic 473

injection 86

Brain

atrophy, nonspecific 374

derived neurotrophic factor 41

function 48

gut axis 398

injury 47

traumatic 340

tumors 115

diagnosis of 265

Brainstem 119

aura 112

Branchio-oto-renal syndrome 279

Breath sounds 405

Breathing technique, active cycle of 155

Brentuximab vedotin 261, 262

British Paediatric Neurology Association 101

Bronchiolitis 151–153

Buphenyl 377

Burkholderia cepacia 147

Burkitt's lymphoma 260, 262

Button battery ingestion 411

Caffeine citrate 18

Calcium 61, 62, 463

channel blocker 85, 201

Candesartan 200

Capsulotomy, manual 314

Captopril 200

Carbohydrates 55

Cardiac resynchronization therapy 133

Cardiology 123

Cardiomyopathy 131, 358

dilated 129, 131, 132

hypertrophic 132

tachycardia-induced 129

Carglumic acid 377

Carotid artery, internal 115

Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test 76, 160

Cataract 185, 278, 313

congenital 316

isolated inherited 314

Cefepime 197

Celiac disease 400, 436

screening 401

Cell

antigen-presenting 60

distribution width 237

infiltration 130

tumors 266

Central nervous system 37, 259

demyelinating diseases of 119

Centrotemporal spikes 106

Cephalexin 273

Cerebral

artery

anterior 115

middle 115

posterior 115

atrophy 69

edema 69

palsy 47

sinovenous thrombosis 114

venous sinus thrombosis 118

treatment of 118

visual impairment 315

Cerebrospinal fluid 79 266

Cervical lymphadenopathy 272

Cervicocephalic arterial dissection 117

Charcot-Marie-tooth syndrome 276

CHARGE syndrome 278

Chemokine, activation-regulated 303

Chest

computed tomography of 144

radiograph 13

ultrasound 143

X-ray 13f, 132, 143

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell 259

Chloroquine 380

resistance 81

Choanal atresia, congenital 291

Cholecalciferol 325, 400

Choledochal cyst 400

Cholestatic disorders, chronic 91

Cholestyramine 381

Chorioamnionitis 318

Chorionic villi 363

Chromosomal microarray 347, 434

analysis 347

Chromosome, intrachromosomal activation of 258

Circulatory failure 412

Cirrhosis 94

compensated 94

decompensated 94

Citrulline 377

plasma concentration of 374

Clarithromycin 75, 273

Clean intermittent catheterization 469

Clindamycin 146, 273, 274, 301

Clinically isolated syndrome 120, 121

Clobazam therapy, intermittent 101

Clofarabine 259

Clofazimine 161, 162

Clonidine 201

Club foot 32

Cobalamin

administration of 241t

dosage of 241t

Cobalt 61

Cochlear implantation 280, 280f, 282

Coenzyme Q10 371

Cohen syndrome 64

Collagen vascular diseases 269

Coloboma 278

Coma 373

Combination therapy 438

Communication disorder 447

type of 443

Comparative genomic hybridization arrays 219, 347

Complete blood count 174, 194, 208, 399f

Complete otological examination 279

Complex post-traumatic stress disorder 391

Computerized tomography urogram 227

Conjunctivitis 69, 297

Constipation 454, 455

Continuous glucose monitoring system 332

Continuous positive airway pressure 4, 17, 153, 417, 425

Continuous renal replacement therapy 97

Contrast computed tomography 228f

Copper 61, 62

Coproporphyria, hereditary 378

Cord clamping, delayed 2

Cori's disease 365

Corneal curvature, central 310

Corneal diameters 312

Corneal opacities 316

Coronary artery

anomalous left 129

lesion 124

Coronavirus 151

Corpus callosotomy 109

Cortical vein thrombosis 114

Corticosteroid

antenatal 14

therapy 359

Cranial neuralgias 110

Craniofacial structures, disorders of 110

Craniotomy, decompressive 117

C-reactive protein 90, 174, 195, 399f

Creatine 371

kinase 370

Cricoid cartilage, anterior 290

Crohn's disease 89, 238

Cryptococcus neoformans 142

Crystalloids 406

resuscitate 428

Current Food Safety Standards Authority of India 169

Cushing syndrome 64

Cutibacterium acnes 300, 302

Cyanocobalamin 241

Cyanosis

attacks of 134

intensification of 134

Cyanotic spell 134

Cyclic vomiting syndrome 86, 87, 112

management of 88t

Cyclophosphamide 253

Cycloplegic refractive value 309

Cycloserine 161, 162

Cyclosporine 128, 253

Cyproheptadine 113

Cysteine 33

Cystic fibrosis 146, 147, 150, 351

transmembrane conductance regulator 147

Cytomegalovirus 142

retinitis 298

Cytosine 45

Cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cell-mediated 259

Danazol 253

Dapsone 253

Darrier line 164

Day-care based palliative care 269

Deafness 348

childhood 276

Death, asphyxia-related 292

Deferiprone 247

Deferitrin 250

Delamanid 161, 162

Delivery room temperature 3

Dementia 369

Dennie-Morgan folds 164

Dental examination 278

Deoxyribonucleic acid 66

Depression 383, 387, 436

Derkay's staging 284t

Dermal sinus tract 467

Dermal vascular malformation 467

Dermatology 294

Desferrioxamine 247

Devic's disease 119

Dexamethasone 252, 344

Diabetes mellitus 323, 369, 462, 463

ambulatory care of type 1 329

diagnosis of 329

type 1 329

Diamond-Blackfan anemia 254

Diarrhea 209, 454

Dichloroacetate 372

Dietary calcium 232

Dietary fibers 55

Dietary management 401

Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid 190, 226

Diffuse esophageal spasm 83

Digoxin 133, 139, 140

Dimercaptosuccinic acid 232

Dinutuximab 264, 265

Disaccharidase deficiency 400

Disasters, victims of 391

Disseminated intravascular coagulation 10

Divalproex sodium 113

Dizziness 137, 395

Dobutamine 429

Doose syndrome 103

Dopamine 429

transporter 390

Down syndrome 311, 315, 439, 443

Downes respiratory distress syndrome scoring system 14

Doxycycline 75

Dravet syndrome 100

milder variants of 100

spectrum 100

Dried blood spots 363

Drotaverine, intravenous 402

Drug 64, 107b

interactions 397

newer 256

oral hypoglycemic 248

resistance, pre-extensively 160

role of 19

susceptibility testing 160

teratogenic 446

therapy 133t

Duchenne muscular dystrophy 357, 358, 421

treatment of 44

Dynamic nuclear renogram 226

Dysarthria 369

Dyscalculia 448

Dysgraphia 448

Dyslexia 448

Dyslipidemia 336, 462

Dysmenorrhea 400

Dysphagia 369

progressive 471

Dysphoria, gender 220

Dysplasia

bronchopulmonary 2, 17, 17t, 152

hemispheric 109

Dystrophin gene 358

Dystrophin immune-cytochemistry 359

Dysuria 456

Eckardt score 86, 472

Ectopic atrial tachycardia 138

Eculizumab 209

Edema, interstitial 130

Edwards syndrome 311, 312

Eicosapentaenoic acid 58

Elbow, flexion contractures of 358

Electrical therapy 138

Electrocardiography 139

Electroencephalography 374

Elexacaftor 149, 150

Emergency contraception 394, 397

guidelines for 396

methods for 395

provision of 394

Emergency medicine and intensive care 403, 415

Emicizumab 245

Empathy, lack of 387

Empyema 142

Enalapril 200

Encephalitis 47, 74, 409

Encephalomyelitis, acute disseminated 115, 116, 119, 120

Encephalopathy

absence of 119

hepatic 95

moderate 9

severe 9

Endocrinal dysfunction 462

Endocrinology 322, 334

Endometriosis 400

Endopyelotomy 230

Endoscopy 90

Endosomal escape vehicle 372

Endothelial growth factor 320

Endotracheal suctioning 26

Endotracheal tube placement 6

Energy density 54

Enzyme 362

activity 375

assay of 375

catalytic 372

cofactor-producing 373

deficient tissues 364

delivery systems 38

immunoassays 72

linked immunosorbent assay 79, 175

loaded nanosystems 38

replacement therapy 36, 37t, 364, 368

Epilepsy 47

childhood 106

classification of 102

drug-resistant 108

early-onset childhood 106

febrile infection-related 100

generalized 100

genetic 100

syndrome 104

Epileptic spasms 103, 104

Epileptic syndromes 106b

classification of 102

Epinephrine 428

Epiploic appendagitis 400

Episodes

milder 460

multiple 273

Episodic syndromes 112

Epstein-Barr virus 142

Ertapenem 197

Erythema 302

nodosum 74

Erythrocyte 366

sedimentation rate 90, 174, 195, 399f

zinc protoporphyrin 238

Erythromycin 75, 79, 301

Erythropoietic protoporphyria 378

Erythropoietin 12, 30, 248

role of 30

Escherichia coli 208

Esophageal disorders, primary 83

Esophageal manometry 84, 471

Esophageal sphincter, lower 83

Esophageal topography 472

techniques of 472

Esophagitis 400

Esophagogastric junction 83, 472

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy 401, 459

Esophagus

achalasia of 471

motility disorders of 83

stenosis of 412

Eteplirsen 359

Ethambutol 77, 161, 162

Ethanol 95

Ethionamide 161, 162

Ethylenedicysteine scan 227f

European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 176

European Medicines Agency 122

Excoriations 302

Expiratory positive airway pressure 425

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenator 131

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 233

Eye 278, 316

amblyopic 306, 307

assessment of 278

coordination function 316

Fabry's disease 312, 364

Face mask 422

Familial intrahepatic cholestasis, progressive 91, 92t

Fat 55, 58

Fatigue 395

Fatty acid 58

oxidation defects 351

unsaturated 301

Febrile illness 311

Febrile seizures 99, 101

plus 100

Fecal calprotectin 90, 399

Feeding 29

Ferrous fumarate 238

Ferrous iron 379

Fetal stem cells 41, 42

Fetal tachycardia 137

Fever 454, 455

Fistula, bronchopleural 142

Flat feet 32

Flecainide 140

Fluids 18, 19

balance 153

Flunarizine 113

Fluorescence in situ hybridization study 219

Folic acid 58, 241

Follicle-stimulating hormone 338t

Food allergy 177

diagnosis of 178

herbal formula-2 179

Forced expiration technique 157, 158

Formoterol 168

Forney syndrome 278

Fosfomycin 197

Fosinopril 200

Fostamatinib 253

Fragile X

mental retardation protein 32

syndrome 32

testing 439

Free thyroxine 338

Fungal infections 69

Fungi 142

Furosemide 201

GABA agonists 35

Gabapentin 380

Gadolinium 266

Galactosemia 351

Ganglion cells, loss of 471

Gas 455

exchange, adequate 19

Gastritis 400

Gastroenterology 82

Gastroesophageal junction 473

Gastroesophageal reflux 474

disease 400, 471

Gastrointestinal contrast studies 458, 460

Gastrointestinal disorder, functional 87

Gastrointestinal disturbance, recurrent 112

Gastrointestinal tract disorders 400

Gastrostomy tube 377

Gaucher disease 364

Gene

editing 249, 256, 365

environment interaction 351

expression

profiling 261

upregulation of 256

regulation, disorders of 44

sequencing 240

therapy 248, 255, 357, 364, 368, 381

Genetic

aberrations 462

analysis 242

counseling 34

disorders 346

studies 88

testing 240, 242, 439

Genitalia

ambiguous 214

external 214, 215f, 216f

Genitoplasty 220f

Genome Wide Association Studies 43, 219

Gentamicin 149

Gentle skin inflammation 301

Ghrelin agonist 340

Giant cell myocarditis 131

Glasgow coma scale 95, 406

Glomerular filtration rate 201

Glomerulonephritis, acute 74

Glomerulosclerosis, focal segmental 185

Glucocorticoids 377

Glucose

6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency 350

detection-directed insulin 333

tolerance test, abnormal 185

Glucosuria 329

Glutamine, disorders of 376

Glycerol phenylbutyrate 377

Glycogen storage disease 366

management of 367

types of 365, 367

Glycogen storage disorders 365

Glycogenin-1 deficiency 366

Glycoprotein specific antibody 251

Glycosade 367

Golden hour 2

management 2

Goldenhar syndrome 279

Gomori trichrome, modified 370

Gonadal dysgenesis, mixed 216, 216f, 219

Gonadectomy, role of 220

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog 342

therapy 345

Gonocytes transform, neonatal 211

Gower's sign 358

Gravity-assisted drainage 155, 158

modified 158

Great artery, D transposition of 134

Gross pelvicalyceal system 226f

Ground-glass opacity 13f

Growth

and development 31

hormone

deficiency 341

release peptide-2 340

stimulation test 339, 340

therapy, indications for 341t

Guanine 33, 45

Gut microbiota 398

Haemophilus influenzae 100, 147

Hair cell function 277

Haploidentical bone marrow transplantation 260

Head and neck trauma 110

Headache 109, 111, 395

primary 109–111

red flags for secondary 110

secondary 109–111

syndromes 110t

tension-type 110, 112

Healthcare systems 406

Hearing

aids 280, 281

impairment 278, 445

loss, profound 278

Heart 426

borders 13f

defect, cyanotic congenital 134

disease 323

coronary 425

cyanotic 417

end-stage 133

failure 39, 129, 137

rate 404, 405

Heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula 152

oxygen support 425

Helicobacter pylori 251

Heller's myotomy 86, 473, 474

Hemagglutination inhibition assay 72

Hematology 236

Hematopoietic stem cell 41

transplantation 90, 250, 363

Hematuria 232

Heme

biosynthetic pathway 379f

intravenous 381

therapy 381

Hemispherectomy 109

Hemispherotomies 109

Hemodialysis 375

Hemoglobin 90, 404

Hemogram 457

Hemolytic uremic syndrome 208

Hemophilia 241

Hemorrhage

evaluation of 118

intraventricular 2

treatment of 118

Henoch-Schoenlein purpura 459

Hepatic failure 366

Hepatitis 74

A 95

autoimmune 95, 96

B 95, 96, 184

C 184

chronic 400

E 95

Hepatocyte cell transplantation 93, 378

Hepatocyte growth factor 41, 149

Hepatology 82

Hepcidin 237

concentrations of 239

Herbicide paraquat, ingestion of 413

Herpes simplex virus 121

Hers’ disease 366

High frequency chest wall oscillation 155 159

High-flow nasal cannula

oxygen therapy 418, 420,

system 422f

Hip dislocation, congenital 32

Hirsutism 337

Histidine-rich protein 2 80

Histoplasma capsulatum 142

Hodgkin's disease 261

Hodgkin's lymphoma 260, 261

classical 260

Holoprosencephaly 90

Holotranscobalamin 240

Homeostasis disorders 110

Homocystinuria 351

Homovanillic acid 263

Hormonal therapy 213

Hospice care 269

Human brain 353

Human cord blood mononuclear cells 41

Human genetic therapies 37

Human milk fortifier 19

Humidified high flow nasal cannula 17

Hunger training 66

Hunter syndrome 276

Huntingtin gene 45

Huntington's disease 45, 445

Hydrochlorothiazide 201

Hydrocortisone 345

stress 344

Hydronephrosis 400

Hydrops fetalis 137

Hydroxychloroquine 380

Hydroxylase deficiency 344

Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency 344

Hydroxyurea 248

Hyperactivity disorder 433

Hyperammonemia 374

acute 377

episode 374

therapy of 376

treatment of chronic 378

Hyperandrogenism 336

Hyperbaric oxygen 436

Hyperbilirubinemia 340

Hyperextensibility 32

Hyperglycemia 329, 330

Hyperhomocysteinemia 118

Hyperpnea 134

Hypertension 185, 197, 462

management of 199

types of 198t, 201, 201t

Hyperventilation 69

Hypoalbuminemia 125

Hypocalcemia 132

Hypofunctional cochlear nerve 280

Hypoglycemia 2, 330, 332, 340, 367, 411

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperreactivity 87

Hypothermia 2, 4f, 373

induced therapeutic 6

Hypothyroidism, congenital 64, 326, 327fc, 350

Hypotonia 355

Hypoventilation 373

Hypoxemia

management of 135

severity of 417b

Hypoxia 316

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy 9, 30, 103

classification of 9

Idebenone 372

ILAE seizure classification 104t

Ileocolonoscopy 90

Imipramine 113

Immunity 58

Immunization, prevention by 286

Immunoadsorption 130

Immunoglobulin, intravenous 126, 127, 131, 252

Immunohistochemistry 92

Immunology 163, 173

Immunomodulation 62, 130

Immunoreactive trypsin 147

Immuno-solid-phase allergen chip 178

advantages of 178

Immunosuppression 130

Immunotherapy 259, 262

allergen-specific 180

epicutaneous 180

intra-lymphatic 182

Impetigo 295

Impulse control disorder 387

Index myopia 308

Indian Academy of Pediatrics recommendations 451

Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons 465

Infections 95, 110

antenatal 311

neonatal 316

Infectious diseases 71, 323

Inflammation, prevention and control of 419

Inflammatory bowel disease 89, 90t, 400

pediatric 89

Inflammatory cell activity, regulation of 66

Influenza 72, 142 151

viruses 72

Inner cell mass 39

Inotuzumab ozogamicin 259

Inspiratory positive airway pressure 425

Inspired oxygen, fraction of 152, 417, 425

Insulin

like growth factor-1 339

replacement therapy 330

resistance 336

Integrated relaxation pressure 83, 85

Integumentary system 278, 278

Intellectual disability 32, 433, 439, 439, 445

diagnosis of 440

management of 440

Intelligence tests 450

Intensive care unit, neonatal 29

Interferon gamma release assay test 77

International Children's Continence Society 467

International Classification of Headache Disorders 110

International League Against Epilepsy 102

International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation 7

Internet literacy 385

Intoxication 409

Intra-abdominal testes 218f

Intracellular enzyme replacement therapy 372

Intracranial space-occupying lesions 110

Intrahepatic cholestasis, benign recurrent 91

Intraocular lens 313

Intratubular germ cell neoplasia 211

Intrauterine device, copper-bearing 395

Intussusception 400

Iodine 61

Iron 60, 62, 237, 463

binding capacity, total 187, 237

carbohydrate complexes 239

chelation 247

chelators, newer 250

deficiency anemia 237

diagnosis of 237

dextran 239

dysregulation 249

requirement 239

studies 246

supplements, oral 241

therapy

medicinal 238

parenteral 238

Isoniazid 77

Ivacaftor 150

Jaundice 94, 312

Jeavons syndrome 103

Juvenile diabetes 268

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy 103

Kanamycin 161

Kangaroo mother care 28

Kawasaki disease 124, 126, 127

management of 126fc

refractory 127

Kearns-Sayre syndrome 368, 370

Keeler's and Teller's acuity charts 309

Ketogenic diet 108, 371

Ketonuria 329

Kidney 426

disease, chronic 186, 341

injury, acute 406, 413

Kobayashi score 128

Kugelberg-Welander disease 355

Labetalol 201

Lactate dehydrogenase, elevated 208

Lactic acid dehydrogenase 240

Lactic acidosis 116

Language

abilities 443

assessment of 445

development of 443, 447

disorder 443, 446, 447

early signs of 444

primary 443

secondary 443

impairment 445

Laparoscopic Heller's myotomy 85, 86, 474

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty 229, 229f

L-arginine 371

Laryngeal respiratory papillomatosis 283f

Laryngeal stridor 69

Laryngotracheal reconstruction 290

Laser lithotripsy 234f

ureteroscopy with 233

Laser photocoagulation 22

Later conduct disorder 387

Learning disabilities 432, 442

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy 368

Left ventricular

assist device 131

dysfunction 124

hypertrophy 129

Leg raising, passive 405

Leigh syndrome 368

Leptospira 78, 79

Leptospirosis 78

Lethargy, signs of 373

Leukemia

acute lymphoblastic 258

treatment of acute 259

Leukopenia 247

Leukotriene antagonists 165, 168

Levetiracetam 113

Levofloxacin 75, 161, 162

Levosimendan 430

Levothyroxine 328

Life skill education 389

Linezolid 146, 161, 162

Lipid storage disorders 362

LISA technique 15

Lisinopril 200

Lithium 35

Liver 94

abscess 400

disease, chronic 93–95

failure 94, 96f

function test 338

injury, drug-induced 96

transplantation 93, 94t, 95, 97, 378, 381

Loose motions 455

Losartan 200

Loss of vision, progressive 369

Low glycemic index treatment 108

Low mean corpuscular volume 187

Low molecular weight heparin 127

Low-birth weight infants 27

Lowenstein-Jensen media 77

Lower intestinal obstruction 455

Low-molecular weight 117

L-thyroxine 248

Lumacaftor 149, 150

Lumefantrine 81

Lung

abscess 142

disease, chronic 17

suppurative 155

injury

acute 413

ventilation-induced 15

ultrasound 152

Luspatercept 249

Luteinizing hormone 338

Lymphocytes 67

Lymphoma 260

diagnosis of 260

Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency 364

Lysosomal disorders 365

Lysosomal storage

diseases 362t

disorders 36, 362

Macimorelin 340

Macrolide resistance 75

Macronutrients 58

Macroorchidism 32

Macrophage 67

manipulation therapy 250

Magnesium 62

Magnetic resonance

imaging, functional 227

venography 118

Malabsorption syndrome, chronic 238

Malaria 80, 409

treatment 80

vaccines against 81

Malignant cells 220

Malin's intelligence scale 450

Malnutrition, moderate acute 53

Malrotation, intestinal 400

Manganese 61

Mannose-6-phosphate 364

Manometry, high resolution 83

Mantoux test 77, 78

Maple syrup urine disease 351

Marfan's syndrome 47

Maternal infections 311

Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein 353

McArdle's disease 366

McGovern nipple 292

Mean airway pressure 417

Mean arterial pressure 95

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin 245

Measles 275

Mechanical ventilation 417, 418

Meckel diverticulum 400

Meckel's diverticulitis 459

Meconium aspiration syndrome 26

Meconium peritonitis 457f

Meconium-stained

amniotic fluid 26

stained liquor 26

Media opacities 305

Mediastinal B-cell lymphoma, primary 260

Mediastinitis 412

Medicolegal implications 465

Mediterranean fever, familial 400

Medroxyprogesterone acetate 211

Medulloblastoma 265, 266

treatment of 267

Megaloblastic anemia 240, 241

Melatonin 12, 34

Meningitis 47, 275

Menstruating female subjects 463

Mental health problems, screening for 384

Mesenchymal stem cells 41

Mesial temporal

lobe epilepsy 100

sclerosis 100

Messenger RNA reprogramming 256

Metabolic acidosis 413

Metabolic disorders 311, 361

Metabolic syndrome 336

Metacarpophalangeal joints 32

Meta-iodobenzylguanidine 263

Metapneumovirus 151

Metformin 35, 248

Methotrexate 95, 128

Methylphenidate 34, 390

Methylprednisolone 122

Micro-arrays deletions 246

Micronutrient 58

supplementation 62

Microscopic agglutination test 79

Micturating cystourethrogram 190, 191, 226

Midstream clean catch 194

Mid-upper arm circumference 53

Migraine 43, 110, 112, 369

abdominal 112, 402

familial hemiplegic 112

Milrinone 429

Minimally invasive surfactant treatment technique 15

Minocycline 35

Mitochondrial disease

clinical features of 369

management of 371

Mitochondrial disorders 368, 369

Mitochondrial dysfunction 87, 369, 370, 413

Mitochondrial encephalopathy 115, 116

Mitochondrial recessive ataxia syndrome 368

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 35

Mitomycin 293

Mitral regurgitation 124

Mitral valve prolapse 32

Modulate glutamatergic function 393

Molecular analysis 246

Molecular diagnostic testing 363, 366, 371, 380

Molecular genetic 238

testing 252, 375

Molluscum

contagiosum 297

dermatitis 297

Monoclonal antibodies 261, 265

Monocytes 67

Monogenic disease 250

Monomethyl auristatin E 261

Mono-resistant tuberculosis 160

Morphine, dilution of 135

Motor disorder 447

Motor neuron 1 gene 355

Moxidectin 299

Moxifloxacin 161, 162

high dose 161, 162

Mucopolysaccharidosis 36, 37

Multi-allergen immunotherapy 182

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis 160

Multifocal contact lenses 310

Multigene panel 375

Multiorgan failure 413

Multipotent stem cells 39

Multivitamins 463

Mumps 275

Mupirocin 296

Muscle

biopsy 359

growth, upregulation of 357

histochemistry 370

lactate dehydrogenase deficiency 366

weakness 356

Muscle-derived stem cells 360

Muscular dystrophy 39

Musculoskeletal examination 279

Musculoskeletal system 278

Mutation

Dravet-related 100

types of 149

Mutation-specific pharmacotherapy 93

Mycobacterium

growth indicator tube 77, 160

tuberculosis 76, 160

Mycophenolate mofetil 253

Mycoplasma 74

diagnosis of 74

pneumoniae 74, 75, 142

Mycotoxin 352

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 120

Myer-cotton grading 288, 289

Myoblasts 359

Myocardial cell death 130

Myocardial infarction 124

Myocarditis

eosinophilic 131

fulminant 130

mild 130

significant 130

treatment trial 130

Myoclonic epilepsy, severe 100

Myoclonic seizures 107

Myoglobinuria 366

Myopia 308, 309

classification of 308

congenital 308

curvatural 308

degenerative 308

developmental 308

pathological 308

progression of 310

simple 308

treatment for 309

Myotomy, endoscopic 474

N-acetylcysteine 411

Nasal cannula 422

Nasal eosinophil count 164

Nasal mask 422

Nasal potential difference test 148

Natural killer cells 67

Nausea 395

symptoms of 455

Necrotizing enterocolitis 19, 27

Necrotizing pneumonia 142, 142t, 144f, 145f, 146

Neonatal cholestasis syndrome 91

Neonatal hearing screening, high-risk 275

Neonatal Resuscitation Program 2

Nephrology 183, 193

Nephrotic syndrome 184

Nerve growth factor 41

Neural stem cells 41

Neural tube defects 352, 354t

Neuroblastoma 263

cells 264

treatment of 264

Neurocognitive disorders 323

Neurodegenerative disorder 276

Neurodevelopmental disorders 38, 389, 432, 442

Neurodevelopmentally challenged adolescents 386

Neurofibromatosis 348

Neurogenetics 43

Neuroimaging 266

Neurological disorder 447

Neurological examination 279

Neurology 98

Neuromyelitis optica 119

Neurosensory hearing loss 69

Neutrophils 67

Newborn screening 147, 349, 363

Newer canal hearing aids 281

Newer emerging prophylaxis 244

Next generation sequencing 347, 363

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate 413

Nifedipine 211

extended-release 200

Nimodipine 113

Nivolumab 262

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 462

Nonbilious vomiting 455

Non-coding DNA mutations 43

Nonconscious habit formation 48

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 261

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation 420, 421

Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis 250

Noninvasive respiratory support 420, 421, 424, 425fc

contraindications for 421

Noninvasive ventilation 152, 417, 420, 424t, 425

delivery system 422t

support, monitoring on 424

use of 18

Nonpharmacological treatment 108

Nonprogressive neurologic conditions, severe 268

Nonspeech oral motor treatment 446

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 175

Nonsteroidal immunosuppressant drugs 253

Non-transfusion dependent thalassemia 247

Nontuberculous mycobacteria 77

Non-viable bowel loop 459

Noonan syndrome 341, 348

Norepinephrine 136, 428, 429

Nuchal translucency 354

Nuclear gene 371

Nucleic acid amplification testing 72, 247

Numerous incidents 465

Nutcracker esophagus 83

Nutrient-rich food 54

Nutrition 18, 19, 52, 93, 96, 148

parenteral 320

therapy 331

Nutritional assessment 61

Nutritional management 356

principles of 54

Nutritional status 352

Nystagmus 32, 311–313

Obesity 63, 185, 352, 461

adolescent 461, 463

severe 462

Observation care 5

Obsessive-compulsive behaviors 436

Obstruction

extrinsic 225

intestinal 458f

Obstructive sleep disordered breathing 272

Occipital paroxysms 106

Occult diseases, systemic screening for 338t

Octurnal cough 471

Ocular alignment 316

Ocular examination 312, 316

Ocular motility 316

Omega 3 fatty acid 58, 62

Omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids 58

Omental necrosis, idiopathic 459

Omphalitis 223

Oncology 257

Ophthalmology 304

Ophthalmoplegia, chronic progressive external 368

Ophthalmoscopy, indirect 319

Oppositional defiant disorder 387

Optic atrophy 69

Optic nerves 119

Optic neuropathy 369

Optical correction 306, 309

Optical disturbances 305

Optical penalization 306

Oral antibiotics 196

Oral contraceptive pills 395

Oral endoscopic myotomy 85, 86

Oral immunotherapy 179, 182

Oral tolerance induction, specific 179

Oral 2β-carotene 381

Orchidopexy 213

Organ dysfunctions, sepsis-associated 406

Organ failure support 96

Organic disorders 398, 400

Ornithine

plasma concentration of 374

transcarbamylase deficiency 378

Orthokeratology 310

Orthoptic exercises 318

Oscillating positive expiratory pressure 156

Oseltamivir 73

Osteogenesis imperfecta 348

Osteopenia, treatment for 248

Osteoporosis 185

treatment for 248

Otitis media

early-onset chronic 32

recurrent 32

Otoacoustic emission 276f

Otorhinolaryngology 271

Ototoxicity, trauma 275

Outpatient palliative care 269

Oxygen

delivery 152, 404

saturation 404, 417, 425

Oxygenation index 417

Ozenoxacin 296

Pain 323

abdominal 395, 454t

acute 454, 459

chronic 398, 400t

disorder, functional 398

facial 110, 111

functional abdominal 399

history of 455

management 380

Palliative care

early integration of 269

home 269

hospital-based 269

Palpitation 137

Panayiotopoulos syndrome 106

Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy 148

Pancreatic insufficiency 148

Pancreatitis, recurrent chronic 400

Panhypopituitarism 268

Panton-valentine leukocidin 143

Papules 302

Paracetamol 410, 411

poisoning 410

Paradoxical breathing, absence of 424

Paradoxical functional facilitation 48

Parainfluenza 151

Parapneumonic effusion 142

Paraquat poisoning 413

Parasitic infection 400

Parathyroid hormone 323

high 187

Parental guidance 401

Parkinson's disease 39, 43

Paroxysmal dyspnea 134

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 132

Partial external biliary drainage 93

Partial pressure of oxygen 404

Patent ductus arteriosus 19

Pathway disorders 348

Pathway hemojuvelin 238

Peak expiratory flow 167

Peak inspiratory pressure 4

Pectus excavatum 32

Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome 417t

management for 418

Pediatric airway lesions 290

Pediatric cataract 311

surgery 314

Pediatric demyelinating diseases 119

diagnostic criteria of 120t

Pediatric flexible ureteroscope 234f

Pediatric intensive care unit 152

Pediatric palliative care 268, 269

Pediatric surgery 453

Pediatric transoral robotic airway surgery 290

Pegaptanib 320

Pelvic inflammatory disease 400

Pelvic ultrasound 215

Pelvis, dilated 228

Pelviureteric junction 224

narrow 229f

obstruction 224, 225

Pembrolizumab 262

Peptic ulcer disease 400

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy 234

Pericardial effusion 124

Perinatal asphyxia 6, 8

Periodic fever 273

Peripheral blood smear 246

Perirenal urinoma 228f

Peristalsis, ineffective 83

Per-oral endoscopic myotomy 474

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 256

Pervasive developmental disorder 49

Pes planus 32

Pesticides 410

Pharmacologic therapy 376

Pharmacological agents 436

Pharmacological penalization 306

Pharmacotherapy 138, 200

Pharynx, cobble stoning of posterior 164

Phenylacetic acid 377

Phenylbutyric acid 377

Phenylketonuria 350, 351

Phonetic disorders 445, 446

signs of 446

Phonological disorders 443, 445, 446

signs of 446

Phosphoglycerate mutase deficiency 366

Phosphorylase kinase deficiency 366

Photodermatosis 378

Photodynamic therapy 285

Physical activity 331

Physiological myopia 308

Phytosphingosine 301

Pierre-Robin syndrome 279

Pigmentary retinopathy 369

Piperacillin tazobactam 197

Pituitary hormone deficiencies, multiple 340

Pituitary tumors 64

Plasma

amino acid analysis, quantitative 374

ammonia levels 374

ascorbic acid 61

cobalamin, fraction of 240

exchange, high-volume 97

glycocalcin 252

Plasmapheresis 97

Plasmodium 80

falciparum 80

lactate dehydrogenase 80

vivax 80

Platelet

count 90

fraction, immature 251

reticulated 251

Pluripotent stem cells 39

Pneumatic balloon dilation 86, 473

Pneumatic dilation 85, 86, 473

Pneumatocele 142

Pneumonia 142

mild 416

Pneumothorax 142, 412

Poisoning 410

Polycystic ovarian

morphology 335

syndrome 335

management of 336

Polydipsia 329

Polymerase chain reaction 33, 121

Polymorphonuclear leukocytosis 125

Polyregional demyelination 119

Poly-resistant tuberculosis 160

Polythene wrap 3

Polyunsaturated fatty acid 55, 320

Polyuria 329

Pompe's disease 362, 364, 365

Porphobilinogen deaminase 379

Porphyria 378, 380

acute hepatic 378

acute intermittent 378

cutanea tarda 378, 380

hepatoerythropoietic 378

Positional myopia 308

Positive end-expiratory pressure 4, 419

Positive expiratory pressure 155, 156

Positive pressure ventilation 5

Positron emission tomography 40

Post-coital contraception 394

Postnatal ultrasound 225

Post-resuscitation care 5, 6

Post-traumatic stress disorder 391

Potent steroids 344

Potentiators 149

Prader-Willi syndrome 64, 341

Pragmatic disorder 443

Precursor stem cells 359

Predictive tests 413

Prednisolone 344

Pregnancy, intrahepatic cholestasis of 91

Preimplantation genetic

diagnosis 242

testing 250

Premature neonates 324

Premature termination codons 149

Presumed perinatal stroke 114

Procalcitonin 195

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, types of 94, 94t

Prolonged labor 316

Prophylactic symbiotics 27

Prophylaxis, post-conversion 138

Propranolol 113, 201

Protein 55, 58, 62

C deficiency 118

restriction 377

Protoporphyria, X-linked 378

Pruritic inflammation, chronic 302

Pruritus 93

Pseudomonas aeruginosa 147, 149

Pseudomonic acid 296

Psychiatric disorders 110, 392, 437

Psychiatric illnesses 323

Psychological management 401

Psychometric testing 437

Psychopharmacologic interventions 436

Psychosocial counseling 221

Ptosis 369

Puberty behavior 387

Pulmonary artery 129

Pulmonary hypertension 20

Pulmonary impedance, manipulation of 135

Pulmonary infection 147

Pulmonary tuberculosis 76

Pulmonary venous hypertension 129

Pulmonology 141

Pulse

peripheral 426

pressure 405

Punctate opacities 313

Pupils, dilatation of 21

Pure tone audiometry 277

Pyonephrosis 233

Pyrazinamide 77, 161, 162

Pyridoxine 58, 78

Quality improvement methods 20

Radiofrequency ablation 138, 139

Radioimmunoassay 79

Ranibizumab 23, 320

Rapes, victims of 391

Rapid diagnostic tests 76

Rapid dipstick-based tests 194

Rapid influenza diagnostic tests 72

Rapid malarial antigen test 80

Rasmussen's encephalitis 109

Reascended testes 212

Recanalization therapy 117

Recent Neonatal Resuscitation Program Guidelines 26

Recombinant enzyme 364

Reconstructive surgery, role of 219

Red cell indices 245

Reed-Sternberg cell 260

Refraction, errors of 32

Regional wall motion abnormality 129

Relapse leukemia 268

Relaxing pelvic floor 469

Renal function test 195

Renal insufficiency, chronic 268

Renal pelvic dilatation 227

Renal scarring 233

Renal stone disease 232

Repetitive behaviors 436

Respiratory distress 292

syndrome 13

Respiratory effort 405

Respiratory failure 412

Respiratory papillomatosis 282

Respiratory problems 69

Respiratory rate 405

Respiratory status 377

Respiratory support 4

Respiratory syncytial virus 151

Restriction enzyme 246

Resuscitation

initial steps of 5

preparing for 5

Retapamulin 296

Reticulocyte

count 246

fraction, immature 237

hemoglobin content 237

Reticulocytopenia 254

Reticuloendothelial system 364

Retina 319

Retinal neovascularization 320

Retinitis pigmentosa 368, 369

Retinoblastoma 312

Retinoids 301

Retinol binding protein 61

Retinopathy of prematurity 2, 20, 312, 318

early treatment for 22

treatment for 319

Retrograde pyelography 226

Retrolental fibroplasia 312

Reverse dot blot hybridization 246

Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction 151

Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme 76

Rheumatic coronary illness 295

Rheumatic fever 295

Rhinovirus 151

Ribonucleic acid 66

Rifampicin 77, 161, 162

Right ventricular outflow tract 136

Ritodrine 211

Rituximab 186, 252, 261, 262

Robot-assisted surgeries 290

Robotic pyeloplasty 229

Rodenticides 410

Rolandic epilepsy, benign 106

Romiplostim 253

Rozanolixizumab 253

Rubella

congenital 278

infections 312

Ruxolitinib 249

Sacral malformation 467

Salbutamol 168

Salmeterol 168

Sarcoptes scabiei 298

Sarecycline 301

Sarnat and Sarnat staging, modified 9t

Savant skills 48

range of 48

Savant syndrome 46, 47

Scabies 298

Sclerosis, multiple 119, 120, 445

Scoliosis 32

Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network 152

Seizure 9, 10, 32, 102, 103, 369, 373

absence 107

classification of 105f, 105fc

disorder 351

duration of 407

febrile 99, 101

focal 107

generalized 107

tonic-clonic 100

hypocalcemic 325

management of 106

neonatal 103, 105f

sequential 104

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 34

Selenium 61

Semantic disorder 443

Semiquantitative dithionite test 413

Sensorineural hearing loss 274

Sensory 450

motor neuropathies 276

processing issues 449

Sepsis, neonatal 27

Septic cardiomyopathy 427

Septic shock 427

Sequential organ failure assessment 95

Serum

albumin 90

cortisol 215

electrolytes 215, 338

estriol test 354

markers 353

proteins 61

soluble transferrin receptor 238

Servo-controlled blanket 11f

Sex chromosome, mixed 216

Sex development 215f

disorder of 214, 218f

management of disorder of 217

Sex steroid hormone 340

Sexual behavior 387

Sexual differentiation, disorders of 214

Sexuality education 387

Shear wave elastography 212

Shock 137, 404, 426

cardiogenic 427

categorization of 404

cold 427

diagnosis of 404

distributive 427

hypovolemic 427

management of 406

monitoring of 404

obstructive 427

pathophysiology of 404

pediatric 430

resuscitation 427, 428

signs of 405t

types of 426

Short stature 337

idiopathic 341

Short-acting nifedipine 200

Sick day management 332

Sick neonates 268

Sickle cell

anemia 351

disease 117

Silmitasertib sodium 267

Simple virilizing form 214

Single chain agents 244

Single gene disorders 351

Single-allergen immunotherapy 182

Single-photon emission computed tomography 392, 393

Sinus

rhythm, normal 139

tachycardia 124

Skin 405, 426

infection 295

prick test 177

Sleep disorders 433, 436

Small molecule therapy 364

Sodium phenylbutyrate 377

Soft contact lenses 309

Sonic hedgehog pathway 266, 267

Sotatercept 256

Southern blot analysis 33

Spasticity 369

Specific learning

difficulties 387

disorders 447

Spectrum disorders 120

Speech

apraxia of 445

discrimination test 277

Sphinganine 301

Spinal cord 119

Spinal dysraphism 467

Spinal muscular atrophy 355

Spironolactone 133, 337

Splenectomy 253

Sporadic tumors 264

Squamous cell carcinoma 223

Squint 32

Stabilizers 149

Standard urotherapy, components of 470

Staphylococcus aureus 142, 147, 295, 296

Status epilepticus 407

classification of 408, 409b

febrile 100

management of 407

refractory 408

Stem cell 38, 40, 41t

amniotic fluid-derived 41

embryonic 39

induced pluripotent 41

therapies 12, 40

transplant 38, 248

types of 41

Stenosis, congenital subglottic 287

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 147

Stereo-acuity testing 305

Stereotypic behavior 32

Sterile acetic acid 412

Sterile pyuria 125

Steroid 64, 168

antenatal 18

dependence 185

early postnatal 19

resistance 185

role of 359

stress dosing of 345

Steven-Johnson syndrome 74

Stimulus deprivation amblyopia 311

Stone clearance 233

Stone extraction, open surgical techniques of 235

Stone prevention 235

Stool lactoferrin 399

Stop codon readthrough drugs 365

Strabismus 305, 311, 313

Strangulated hernia 456f

Streptococcus

pneumoniae 142, 208

pyogenes 142, 145, 295, 296

Stress, emotional 300

Striae 185

Stroke 103, 114, 115t, 116, 409

acute perinatal 114

arterial ischemic 114

childhood 118

like episodes 369

risk factors, modifying 118

volume

index 428

variation 405

Subcutaneous immunotherapy 181

Subcutaneous insulin infusion 332

Subglottic airway corresponds 287

Subglottic stenosis 287, 288

Sublingual immunotherapy 180

Sublingual-swallow immunotherapy 181

Substance abuse 110

Succinate dehydrogenase, activity for 370

Sudden cardiac death 129

Suprapubic aspiration 194

Surfactant replacement therapy 15

Surfactant therapy, indications of 15

Surgery, indications for 470

Symbiotics, role of 27

Syncope 137

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion 9, 145

Syntax and morphology, disorder of 443

Systemic examination 312

Systemic inflammation 406

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 96

Systemic vascular resistance 134

manipulation of 135

Systolic blood pressure 202, 203, 205, 206, 405, 426

Tachycardia

inappropriate 129

regular 137

supraventricular 136, 138

Tandem mass spectroscopy 351

Target oxygen saturation 4

Tarui's disease 366

T-cell immunity 261

Telemedicine approach 319

Terbutaline 168

Testicular biopsies 213

Testicular germ cell cancer 211

Testicular malignancy, future development of 211

Testicular tissue 217

Testicular-epididymal fusion anomalies 212

Tezacaftor 149, 150

Thalassemia 245, 247

Thalassemic syndromes 248

Thalidomide 248

Theophylline 168

Therapeutic hypothermia 10

procedure 10

Therapeutic plasma exchange 97

Thermal mattress 4f

Thiamine 463

Thiazide diuretics 235

Thoracoscopic surgery, video-assisted 146

Thrombocytopenia 247

Thrombocytopenic purpura, immature 251

Thrombocytosis 90

Thrombolytic therapy 118

Thrombopoietin 252

Thumb malformations 254

Thyroid-stimulating hormone 327, 338

Tibial nerve stimulation, posterior 470

Tietze syndrome 278

Tisagenlecleucel 259

Titanium oxide 381

Tobramycin 149

Todd's paralysis 115

Tolterodine 470

Tonic-clonic seizures 107

Tonsillectomy 272, 273

guidelines on 274

indications for 272

Tonsillitis 273

Topical permethrin 299

Topiramate 113

TORCH infections 311

Torticollis, benign paroxysmal 112

Total bilirubin 95

Total lymphocyte count 61

Tourette syndrome 47

Toxoplasmosis 275

Traffic light diet 65

Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography 117

Transduce cells 364

Transverse myelitis 119

Treacher collins syndrome 279

Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias 110

Triphasic morphology 409

Troponins, elevated 125

Tuberculosis 76

drug-resistant 159, 160, 162

extensively drug-resistant 160

infection, latent 78

Tumors, hypothalamic 64

Turner's syndrome 340, 341

Tyrosinemia 351

Ubiquinone 371

Ulcerative colitis 89

Umbilical cord 41

Underlying cause, treatment of 306

Undescended testis 211

risk factors for 211

Uniparental disomy 347

Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening 275

Upper-gastrointestinal endoscopy 84, 90

Urachal anomalies 222

Urachal cyst 224f

Urea cycle 372, 373f

disorders 372, 373

treatment of 375

Ureter, high insertion of 225

Ureteric folds 225

Urethral catheterization 194

Urinary biomarker proteins 227

Urinary bladder 224f

Urinary orotic acid 374

Urinary tract 225

infection 194, 195fc, 196, 222, 232, 400

calculator 195

symptoms, lower 468

Urine 79

amino acid analysis 374

collection, method of 194, 194t

culture 194

Gram-stained smear of 194

microscopy 194

output 426

Urodeoxycholic acid 93

Urogenital disorders 400

Urogenital sinus 214

Urolithiasis 233, 400

pediatric 232

Urology 210, 231

Ursodeoxycholic acid 381

Urticaria 174

chronic 174

Usher syndrome 276

Vaccine encephalopathy 100

Vagal maneuvers 138

Vagal nerve stimulation 109

Vaginal bleeding, slight irregular 395

Vaginal delivery, normal 282

Valproate 113

Valproic acid 377

Vanillylmandelic acid 263

Varicella-zoster 142

Variegate porphyria 378

Vascular endothelial growth factor 41

Vasoactive agents

choice of 426

escalation of 431

Vasoactive medications, choice of 428

Vasoactive therapy 430

Vasopressin 429

Ventilation, intermittent mandatory 17

Vertigo, benign paroxysmal 112

Vesicoureteric reflux 191

Vienna chamber allergens challenge test 164

Vincristine 253

Viral myocarditis 128

Viral respiratory infections 416

Virus 142

negative myocarditis 131

neutralization assay 72

Visceral hyperalgesia 401

Vision

aids, low 318

therapy 307

Visual acuity, quantification of 315

Visual assessment 316

Visual evoked potentials 317

Visual maturation, delayed 318

Visual memory 316

Visual pathway, posterior 315

Visual rehabilitation 314

Visual reinforcement audiometry 277

Visual stimulus, reduced 305

Visuospatial skills 316

Vitamin

A 58, 59, 62, 148

acid 301

supplementation 18

B12 463

diagnosis of 241

B6 59, 62, 379

B7 68

C 58, 59, 62, 372

D 59, 62, 148, 248, 323, 324t

deficiency 323, 324

doses of 324

intoxication 325

role of 323

supplementation 324

D3 325

E 58, 59, 62, 148, 372

H 68

K 148

supplementation 54

Vocal cord paralysis 412

Voice assessment 286

Voiding dysfunction 467

evaluation of 467

Volvulus neonatorum 460

Vomiting 395, 454, 455

Waardenburg syndrome 278

Wallowing dysfunction 356

Warm shock 427

Wars, victims of 391

Weakness 369

Werdnig-Hoffman disease 355

West syndrome 103, 107

White blood cells 145

Wilson's disease 95, 96

Wingless 266

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome 139

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis 233

Xenon gas 30

Yttrium aluminum garnet laser 233f

Yttrium-ibritumomab tiuxetan 262

Zanamivir 73

Zinc 60, 62

bioavailability of 67

deficiency 66, 67

oxide 381

supplementation 68

TOC
Index

Chapter Notes