A
Accidental air embolism 172
Acetaminophen 68
Acetazolamide 398
Acid base 276
Adenosine 398
Adrenergic agents, tapering of 180
Albumin 117
Allergic reactions 48
Allergy 145
Ambu bags 397
Amikacin 149
Aminophylline 398
Amplitude 365
Analgesic therapy 65
Anesthesia, induction of 145
Anorectal malformations 182
Antegrade pulmonary blood flow 185
Antiarrhythmics 398
administration, timing of 140
choice of 143
for prophylaxis, choice of 140
guidelines 139
policy 142
practices 139
regimes 140
therapy
preoperative 145
second-line 142
Anticoagulants 11
Antifungal prophylaxis 147
Antimicrobial spectrum 140
Antimicrobial therapy 144t
Antiplatelet therapy 220
Anuria 316
Aortic arch, interruption of 256
Aortic regurgitation 273
Aortic stenosis, severe 5
Aortic suture lines 172
Aortopulmonary collateral arteries 192f
Arginine vasopressin 44
diagnose 205
identification of 283
incidence of 281
postoperative 155
supraventricular 201
ventricular 205
Arterial duct 214
Arteriovenous malformations, pulmonary 234
Artery
pulmonary 35, 37, 97, 153f, 159, 164, 166f, 167, 183, 192, 203, 210, 219, 230, 243, 244, 252, 253f, 262, 263, 257f, 294, 303, 324, 352
subclavian 171
Asymmetric pulmonary blood flow 217
Atrial communication 184
Atrial ectopics 284f
Atrial fibrillation 291
Atrial flutter 291
Atrial pressure 273
Atrial septectomy 225
Atrioventricular block, high degree 364
Atrioventricular synchrony, loss of 184
Axillary artery 19
Azotemia 316
B
Baclofen 310
Baffle obstruction 212
Balloon atrial septostomy 203
Band, type of 226
Barbiturates 310
Barotrauma 86
Bernheim effect, reverse 264
Beta-lactam antibiotics 140
Bi-level noninvasive ventilation 397
Bipolar atrial electrogram 283f
Bipolar pacing wires 362
Biventricular pathway 264
components 145
culture 380
drawing 33
exiting left ventricle 272
flow 378
glucose 60
pressure
diastolic 327
noninvasive 397
systolic 172
product transfusion 381
pulmonary venous 196
transfusion sets 397
urea
elevated 273
Borderline blood sugar levels 146
Bosentan 299
Brachial artery 19
Brachiocephalic vein 25
Bretschneider's solution 389
Bretylium 398
British Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology 366
Budesonide respirator suspension 398
Butyrophenones 310
C
Caffeine 398
Caloric expenditure method 46t
Caloric supplementation 119
Capillary blood, pulmonary 230
Capillary leak syndrome 44
Carbamazepine 310
Cardiac advanced life support 321
Cardiac compression 132
Cardiac damage 384
Cardiac disease 110
Cardiac failure, congestive 45
Cardiac index 271
Cardiac magnetic resonance data 262
Cardiac physiology, types of 107
Cardiac rhythm, abnormalities of 274
Cardiac status 135
Cardiomyopathy 103
Cardiovascular system 111
Catheter 9
leak 350
maintenance 31
manipulations 353
nonfunction 40
rehabilitation 195
removal 350
residence of 40
retention 41
tip 41
Caudal opiates 168
Cefoperazone-sulbactum 149
Ceftazidime 149
Center for Disease Control and Prevention 335
Central systemic veins 242
Central thoracic duct 300
Cerebral
circulation 167
dysgenesis 307
hypoperfusion, diffuse 307
hypoxic-ischemic injury 305
injury 305
predictors of 305
near infrared spectroscopy 258
perfusion 321
Cerebrovascular accidents 110
Chest
closure 132
compression, site for 327
physiotherapy and incentive spirometry 246
tube 16
output 48
X-rays 357
Chloral hydrate 310
Chyle through thoracic duct 302
conservative management of 304
mechanism of 300
medical management of 302
postoperative 300
resolution of 303
Cisterna chyli 301f
Clinical pulmonary infection score 337t
Clonidine 70
Clostridium difficile infections 139
Coarctation repair 18
Colistin 149
Complex biventricular conversions 50
Complex coronary transfer 209
Complex open heart procedures 305
Congenital cardiac repairs, complexity of 35
Congenital heart disease 4, 76, 104, 116, 117, 132, 153, 158, 168, 187, 191, 209, 241, 281, 294, 300, 305, 313, 322, 333, 351, 377, 394
diagnosis of 3
malnutrition in 116
Consciousness, delayed recovery of 306
Continuous electrocardiography 265
Continuous flush system 20f
Continuous oxygen analyzers and alarms 397
Corticosteroids, role of 114
Critical aortic valve stenosis 326
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate 277
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate 371
D
Data collection system 401
Deep vein thrombosis 112
Dehydration, severe 145
Delhi Neonatal Infection Study 334
Depression, respiratory 69
Descending thoracic aorta 171
Dextrocardia 25
Dextrose-added balanced crystalloid solution 48
Diarrheal diseases 220
Digoxin 398
Diphenhydramine 310
Disposable pediatric breathing circuit 79
Dizziness 374
Dorsalis pedis 19
Dual-chamber pacemaker 365
Ductal patency 167
Dyspnea 374
E
Echocardiogram 163
Electroencephalogram 306
Electroencephalography 329
Emergency sternotomy set 397
Emphysema, subcutaneous 28
Encephalopathy 316
End-tidal carbon dioxide 397
Epilepsy, secondary 61
Escherichia coli 30
Ethacrynic acid 51
Extracellular cardioplegia 386
Extracellular fluid volume, regulation of 44fc
F
Fatigue, diaphragmatic 103
Fatty acids, essential 302
Femoral artery 18
Fibrinolytic mechanisms 187
Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope 397
Fluid 315
and electrolyte management 43
balance 378
bolus 51
imbalance 304
calculation of 51
prevention of 51
removal 51
responsiveness, assessment of 50
restriction 136
strategy 198
Fluorescent in-situ hybridization 192
Fontan failure, early 250
Fontan operation, extracardiac 241
Fontan pathway, anatomic obstruction in 247
Fontan surgeries 300
Fossa ovalis 154
Fungal growth 148
Furosemide, continuous infusion of 211
G
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 69
Gas exchange 215
Gastric residual volumes 219
Gastritis 68
Gastroesophageal contents 112
Gastroesophageal reflux 110
Gastrointestinal dysfunction 279
Gastrointestinal intolerance 303
Gatzoulis phenomenon 185
Glenn anastomosis 357
Glenn circulation 88
Glenn surgeries 300
Gluconeogenesis 57
Guanosine triphosphate 371
H
Hallucinations 73
Headache 374
Hearing impairment 61
Heart
congenital 285f
congenital 4, 76, 104, 116, 117, 132, 153, 158, 168, 187, 191, 209, 241, 281, 294, 300, 305, 313, 322, 333, 351, 377, 394
left-sided 326
major 4
right-sided 325
failure 158
congestive 5
lesions, cyanotic 305
Rhythm Society 366
Hematuria 374
Hemodynamic status 198
Hemofiltration 381
Hemostatic blood products 193
Hemothorax 29
Heparin 398
Hepatic dysfunction 68
Hering-Breuer reflex 77
Hinge point 263
Human albumin 48
Human insulin 60
Humidification 99
Hydrocortisone 398
Hydroxyethyl starches 48
Hypercapnea 330
Hypercyanotic spells 183
Hyperinflation 99
Hyperpyrexia, unexplained 147
control postoperative 172
mild pulmonary 294
paradoxical 173
persistent pulmonary 372
postoperative pulmonary 199
preoperative pulmonary 198
Hypertensive crisis, management of 297
Hypertonia 305
Hyperventilation 298
Hypoalbuminemia 357
Hypocalcemia 307
Hypoperfusion, systemic 219
Hypoplasia 182
Hypotonia 305
Hypotonic fluids 47
Hypoxemia 88
Hypoxic-ischemic injury 307
I
Iliac vein 25
Indomethacin 398
Indwelling pulmonary arterial lines 296
Infective endocarditis, neurologic manifestations of 309
Infracardiac variant 196
Infrared spectroscopy 230
Inhaled steroids 189
Injury 271
Inspiratory nasopharyngeal resistance 104
Intense pulmonary vasoconstriction, substrate for 296
Intensive insulin therapy 59
Interatrial septum 153
Intermittent hemodialysis 316
Intermittent positive pressure ventilation 45
International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium 339
International Quality Improvement Collaborative 402
Interstitial compartments 43
Intestinal mucosal atrophy 126
Intracardiac transthoracic lines 38
Intracellular type crystalloid cardioplegia 386
Intraoperative cerebral injury, mechanism of 305
Intravenous potassium, administration of 52
Intrinsic rhythm 365
Invasive hemodynamic monitoring 135
Irrigation fluid 358
Isoprenaline 398
Isotonic fluid 47
L
Labile blood pressure 146
Lactic acidosis 71
Laryngomalacia 109
Laryngoscopes 397
Laryngospasm 77
Leaving sternum open, benefits of 133
Left circumflex artery 253
Left internal jugular vein 301f
Left posterolateral thoracotomy 171
Leukomalacia, periventricular 307
Levodopa 310
Lid edema 113
Lidocaine 389
Lipogenesis 124
Lipoprotein 125
Liver function tests 406
Lobar pneumonia 100
Lorazepam 69
Low molecular weight heparin 309
Low respiratory rate 381
Low right ventricular pressures 193
Lower brain maturity scores 305
Lower peak inspiratory pressure 237
Lower pressure pulmonary artery 168
Lung 275
complications 174
development 77
disease 110
parenchymal 295
infiltrates 147
protective ventilator strategies 112
ventilation of 167
volumes 187
Lymphatic failure, modes of 301
Lymphatic injury 357
Lymphatic system 300
M
Magnetic resonance imaging 306
Mechanical circulatory support device strategy 329fc
Meningitis 309
Methemoglobinemia 374
Metolazone 398
Microplegia 387
Mitral regurgitation 326
Murmur 215
Mustard formula 222
Mustard procedure 209
Myasthenia 110
Myocardial protection 384
Myoglobinuria 72
N
Naloxone 398
Narrow pulse pressure 273
Nasopharyngeal dead space 104
National Health Systems Network 337
Neonatal intensive care units 3
Neonatal pain agitation 66t
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome 103
Neuroendocrine 167
Neutropenia 144
Non-traumatic chylothorax, causes of 300
Noradrenaline 219
Normal central venous pressure waveform 29f
Nutritional status 119
O
Obstructive sleep apnea 103
Octreotide 302
Optimize fluid therapy 111
Optimize nutrition 111
Oral angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors 255
Oral furosemide 208
Oral iron supplements 220
Organ functions 7
Oromotor dyskinesia 310
Ostium secundum 153
Oxidative stress, postoperative 185
P
Pain
assessment of 65
control 173
general principles of 65
modes of 65
nonpharmacological methods of 70
nursing considerations in 74
Paraplegia 174
Parenteral amino acid requirements 124t
Parenteral glucose infusion rates 124t
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia 291
Partial thromboplastin time 216
Pediatric
basic life support 319
cardiac
arrest algorithm 322fc
critical care consortium 285
intensive care unit 9, 25, 43, 60, 64, 72t, 76, 84, 103, 119, 145, 281, 283, 314, 319, 323, 347, 357, 362, 367t, 372, 377, 394, 395, 397t, 398t, 406t
programs 3
crash cart 27
early warning score 319
health information system 285
heart 384
transplantation 373
Pericardium 230
Perimembranous ventricular septal defect 162f
Peripheral arterial saturation 217
catheter 397
insertion, procedure for 347
optimal functioning of 349
fluid prescription 348
technique of 348
Peritoneal drains 48
Peritoneum 347
Phenobarbitone 398
Phenothiazines 310
Phentolamine 379
Phrenic nerve palsy 112
Piperazilline-tazobactam 149
Plasma 193
Plastic bronchitis 249
Polymerase chain reaction 143
Polyurethane 26
Positive pressure ventilation 78
Post-bidirectional Glenn shunt 239t
Postcoarctectomy syndrome 174
Postoperative cardiac critical care 315
Postoperative fluid therapy, goals of 45
Postoperative intensive care unit 271
Postoperative low cardiac output syndrome 305
Pramipexole 310
Preanesthesia 145
Pressure
extension lines 397
limited ventilation 381
monitoring lines 22
pulmonary venous 167
regulated volume control 81
ulcers 87
Procalcitonin 336
Prostaglandin E1 398
Protamine 398
Prothrombin time 406
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 30
Psychosis 73
Pulmonary artery 35, 37, 97, 153f, 159, 164, 166f, 167, 183, 192, 203, 210, 219, 230, 243, 244, 252, 253f, 257f, 262, 263, 294, 303, 324, 352
blood flow 185
conduit 229
dilatation of 158f
distortion 220
growth of 214
line 35
monitoring of 193
monitoring 36
stenoses 257
univentricular heart by 223f
decreased 217
Pulmonary circulation, duct-dependent 4
Pulmonary lymphatic perfusion syndrome 301
Pulmonary pathway obstruction, prevention of 210
Pulmonary vascular disease 158f
Pulmonary vascular resistance 37, 78, 104, 167, 186, 217, 224, 239, 244, 247, 248, 264, 295, 324, 327
index 295
Pulseless electrical activity 322
Pupils 378
Purulent endotracheal secretions 147
R
Radial artery 18
Ranitidine 11
Rastelli procedure 209
Regional oxygen saturation 311
Renal disease, end-stage 314
Renal failure 382
Renal function tests 406
Renal ischemia 232
Renal ultrasound 315
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone 174
Reserpine 310
Respiratory infections 117
Respiratory maneuvers 169
Respiratory medicines 398
Respiratory overdrive 104
Respiratory system 112
Respiratory tract infection, lower 143
Respiratory variation 50
Retrograde coronary flow 229
Right atrial pressure 186
Right coronary artery 253
Ringer lactate solution 155
S
Salbutamol respirator solution 398
Sano right ventricular exclusion technique 264
Schofield equation 123t
Schwartz formula 314
Secundum atrial septal defects 295
Selective pulmonary vasodilators 298
Selenium, loss of 304
Sensitivity 365
Septic embolism 309
Serum calcium levels 54
Shunt block 219
Sinus
node dysfunction 364
rhythm 244
maintenance of 185
tachycardia 287
venosus atrial septal defect 154f
Skin 113
Society of Thoracic Surgeons 186
Somatostatin 302
Spirometers 397
Spironolactone 398
Spontaneous respiration decreases 78
Starnes procedure, modified 264
Sternal retractors, placement of 26
Sternum closure, management of 136
Streptokinase 398
Stressors, minimizing patient 87
arterial ischemic 308
diagnostic challenges of 309
incidence of 308
management of 309
postoperative 307
prophylaxis 309
volume 271
Subclavian flap aortoplasty 171
Subclavian patch plasty 172
Subendocardium 232
Sucrose 71
Sudden cardiac death 211
Superior vena cava 5, 25, 26, 88, 197, 198, 214, 223, 234, 235f, 241, 241f, 263, 303, 324, 327, 328, 352
obstruction 357
Supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection 198f
Sutures, ability of 353
Swallowing dysfunction 110
Sympathetic nervous system 44
Systemic arterial saturation 230
Systemic pulmonary artery shunt 229
Systemic ventricular dysfunction 212
Systolic dysfunction 273
T
Tachypnea 273
Teflon 26
Temporary epicardial pacing 364
Tetrabenazine 310
Thoracic aorta 166f
Thoracic lymphatic circulation, anatomy of 301f
Thoracotomy incisions 156
Thrombi, pulmonary 249
Thromboelastography 380
Thrombus formation 40
Tidal volume 82
Tight band, clinical recognition of 224
Torsades de pointes 291
Tracheobronchomalacia 109
Tracheoesophageal fistula 182
Tranexamic acid 398
Transesophageal probe 178
Transpulmonary pressure 104
Traumatic chylothorax, cause of 300
Tricuspid atresia 235
Tricuspid regurgitation, mild-to-moderate 212
Tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane 387
Trusler formula 222
Tryptophan 390
Turner syndrome 300
Two-hit hypothesis 284
U
Unilateral vocal cord paralysis 174
Unipolar atrial wire study 289f
Unipolar pacing wires 362
Univentricular pathway operations 264
Urinary catheterization 148
V
Valproate 310
Valve regurgitation 219
Van Praagh classification 256
Vascular thrombosis 126
Vasoactive-inotropic score 272
Vasoconstrictors 278
Vasodilation, nitric oxide induced 371f
Vasospasm 23
Venoarterial extracorporeal life support 329
Ventricular assist device 329
Ventricular septal defect 5, 36, 147, 158f, 163, 171, 177, 182–184, 192, 203, 256, 257f, 273, 285, 295, 327, 351, 352
closure of 176
patch closure of 257f
repair 158
residual 163
Verapamil 398
Visceral proteins 118
Visual disturbance, long-term 61
Vocal cord palsy 77
Volutrauma 86
Vomiting 73