PAI Textbook of Pediatrics Anoop Verma, KP Sarbhai
INDEX
Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, fc refer to flowchart, and t refer to table
A
Abdomen 657
Abetalipoproteinemia 398
Abortions, recurrent spontaneous 63
Abrasions 626
Absolute neutrophil count 261, 285, 304
Absolute reticulocyte count 261, 285
Acanthocyte 267, 268f
Acanthosis 567
Accidental aspiration 344
Acetaminophen 386
administration of 151
Acetazolamide 505
Acetone-inactivated vaccine 104
Acetylcholinesterase 603
Acid
base status 244
fast bacilli 68, 168, 173, 335
reflux 194
suppression 208
Acidosis 448, 481
Acne 538
comedogenic 627
mild 627
moderate 627
neonatal 88
neonatorum 35
nodulocytic 628
severe 627
site of 627
vulgaris 627
Acrodermatitis enteropathica 14, 15
Acroparesthesias 609
Acropustulosis, infantile 8789
Actinobacillus 486
Activated partial thromboplastin time 61, 208, 288, 297, 476, 547
Acute blood transfusion reaction 305
diagnosis of 305
management of 305
Acute liver failure 223, 231, 233, 235ft, 242, 243, 245, 249
causes of 233t
management of 235t
Acute respiratory distress syndrome 162, 185, 342
Acyclovir 407
oral 152
parenteral 152
prophylaxis 301
Adapalene 627
Adefovir 240
Adenine 592
Adenoids 310
Adenosine
deaminase 332
triphosphate 58
Adenovirus 139, 309, 315, 318, 328
infection 501
Adipose tissue lipolysis releases glycerol 51
Adrenal androgens 536
Adrenocorticotropic hormone 54, 397, 510, 540
Adrenocorticotropin 373
Adriamycin 292
Advisory Committee for Vaccines and Immunization Practices 101, 105, 107, 151
Aggression 359
Airflow limitation 325
Air-fluid level 313
Airway 595
compression of 326
disease 80
maintenance 59
Akinetic-rigid syndrome 391
Alagille syndrome 416, 422
Alanine
aminotransferase 187, 223, 231, 238, 401, 546
transaminase 283
Albendazole 27, 28
Albumin, serum 224, 496
Aldurazyme 609
Aliphatic hydrocarbon 342
Alkaline phosphatase 7, 8, 204, 224
Alkaptonuria 92
Allergen immunotherapy 18, 326
Allergenic food 18
Allergic conjunctivitis 638, 639
treatment of 640
Allergic rhinitis 310, 311
Allergy
skin prick test 18f
testing for 313
Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation 289
types of 300fc
All-trans retinoic acid 261
Alpha-1
acid glycoprotein 558
antitrypsin deficiency 339
Alpha-adrenergic blockers 517
Alpha-blocker 508
Alpha-chains 281
Alpha-fetoprotein 217, 225, 234, 239, 247, 600, 601, 651
serum 243
Alpha-glucosidase 609
Alpha-hemolytic streptococci 564
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring 511
Amebic liver abscess 141
Amenorrhea, primary 582
American Academy of Neurology Guidelines 384
American Academy of Pediatrics 74, 91, 114, 361, 382
American Association for Study of Liver Diseases 395
American College of Chest Physicians 339
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 600
American College of Rheumatology 552, 556558
American Heart Association 561, 565t, 571
Amikacin 171, 379
Amino acid 589
Aminoglycoside 487, 494
Aminotransferase, serum 150
Amitriptyline 194
Amlodepine 503
Ammonia 244, 594
serum 225
Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate 393
Amniocentesis 603
Amniotic fluid measurement 62
Amoxicillin 40, 141, 154, 172, 270, 313, 331, 494, 629
Amphotericin B 301
Ampicillin 33, 141, 335, 494
Amylase, serum 213
Amylophagia 270
Analgesics 194, 279
Anaphylactic reaction 97
Anaphylaxis, causes of 18
Ancillary test 392
Ancylostoma 27
Andersen-Tawil syndrome 482
Androgen 538
insensitivity syndrome 538, 541
Anemia 246, 264, 264t, 473, 555, 608, 641
causes of 260t
congenital
dyserythropoietic 269
sideroblastic 284
history of 265
megaloblastic 267, 273
microangiopathic hemolytic 266
microcytic 270t
normocytic 264, 269fc
physiologic 33, 265
severe 166
Angelman syndrome 585, 589
Angina 460
Angioedema 17, 615, 616
pathogenesis of 616
Angiography 442
Angiotensin receptor blocker 466, 511, 560
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 184, 217, 246, 416, 431, 459, 466, 500, 547
inhibitor 466, 511, 560
Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia 603
Anisochromia 267, 267f
Anisocytosis 267
Ann Arbor staging system 292
Anomalous coronary arteries, theories behind origin of 455
Anomalous left coronary artery 419, 455, 465
Anorectal malformation 654
classification of 654t
Antacids 499
Antegrade continence enema 196
Anterior abdominal wall defects 650
Anthropometry 227, 234, 526, 539
Antiandrogens 627
Antiarrhythmic drugs 474
Antibiotics 40, 193, 214, 280, 289, 629
choice of 280, 331t
doses 133t
oral 154, 627
prolonged use of 47
prophylaxis 494, 494t
systemic 617, 628
therapy 34, 140, 564
topical 628
Antibodies, polyclonal 321
Anticardiolipin 547
antibodies 63
Anticold 629
Anticonvulsants 28, 273, 389, 506, 589
Anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies 546
Antidandruff lotion 638
Antidepressants 193
Antidiphtheria serum 132
Antiepileptics 629
drugs 163, 370, 373, 382, 383
therapy 382
Antifolate 273
Antifungals 289
drugs 622
Antigen
detection assay 27
presenting cells 101
Antigenic drift 113
Anti-gliadin antibody 201
Antihistamines 625
oral 617, 619t
Antihistaminic agents 193
Anti-hyaluronidase 563
Antihypertensive drugs 512t
Anti-inflammatory drugs 378, 637
Antimalarials 280
drug 280
Antimicrobials 289
Anti-Müllerian hormone 538, 540
Antineoplastics 289
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody 192, 497, 546, 547
Antinuclear antibody 234, 497, 503, 510, 546, 549, 554, 555
Antiparasitic drugs 27
Antiphospholipid antibody 547, 556
syndrome 545
Antipsychotics 397
Antipyretics 144, 316, 362, 633
Antirabies vaccination 116
Antiretroviral 71, 159
therapy 71, 158, 172, 378
Anti-ribonuclear protein 555
Anti-rickettsial drugs, summary of 164t
Anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody 192
Anti-Smith antibody 555
Antismooth muscle antibody 234
Antispasmodic 193
drops 44
Antistreptococcal antibody 546
Antistreptolysin O 389, 465, 503, 546, 563
Anti-thyroperoxidase, titers of 522
Anti-tissue transglutaminase 201, 529
immunoglobulin A 201
Anti-tubercular
therapy 335
treatment 68, 69, 171, 378
Antivirals 280
agents 407
drug 280
Aorta 445, 447449, 455, 457, 458
arch, interrupted 416
coarctation of 415, 464, 509
Aortic cusp prolapse 427
Aortic regurgitation 426, 450
Aortic stenosis 416, 450
severe 464
Aphasia-convulsion syndrome 367
Aplastic anemia 284, 285, 287, 300
acquired 286
complications of 287
Aplastic crisis 279
Apnea 51
Appetite 334
Arachnoiditis 169
Arginine 597
Argininosiccinate lyase deficiency 597
Argininosuccinic acid 597
Arnold-Chiari syndrome 406
Array comparative genomic hybridization 416
Arrhythmias 419
cardiac 343, 472
management of 460
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy 469
Artemisinin 28
combination therapy 166
Arterial blood gas 418, 422, 465
analysis 594
Arterial embolism 486
Arterial switch operation 450, 450f
Arteriovenous fistula, systemic 464
Arteriovenous malformation 409
Arteritis, necrotizing 462
Arthralgia 176
Arthritis 11, 551
childhood 552
enthesitis-related 547, 549, 551
juvenile idiopathic 286, 548, 550t, 554
poststreptococcal reactive 546
rheumatoid 549
systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic 552, 572
Arthropod-borne disease 161
Articaria, acute 616
Ascaris 27
Ascites 216
grading of 216t
Ascitic adenosine deaminase 217
Ascitic fluid 216
Ascorbic acid 187
Asparaginase 289
Aspartate
aminotransferase 223, 231, 283, 401, 546, 567
transaminase 394
Asphyxia 464
Aspiration
pneumonitis 332
simple 340
Asthma 311, 325, 327
bronchial 326
control 324
history of 618
Astrocytoma 397
Ataxia 391, 396, 396t, 399, 568
acute 397
chronic 398
congenital 396
recurrent 397
subacute 397
telangiectasia 396, 398, 593
Atelectasis 343
Atherosclerosis, prevention of 557
Atopic dermatitis 90, 618, 619
itchy skin condition 618
management of 618
Atrial fibrillation 456, 476
Atrial septal defect 64, 415, 421, 427, 429, 435, 451, 464, 602
Atrial switching 449
Atrioventricular canal defect 464
Atrioventricular conduction disorders 484
Atrioventricular node 472
Atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia 473
Atrioventricular septal defect 435, 436
physiology of 436f
Atrioventriular communis 581
Attack, recurrent 562
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 357, 364, 400
Auscultation 417, 456
Autism
behavior checklist 357
diagnostic observational schedule 358
early indicators of 356
pathway 359fc
red flags for 82t
spectrum disorder 356358
Autistic regression 357
Autoantibody 293, 558
panel 555
Autoimmune diseases, chronic 405
Autoimmune disorders 285, 300
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia 266, 545
Autoimmune thrombocytopenia 262
Autoimmune thyroid disease 521
Autoinflammatory diseases, tests for 547
Automated auditory brainstem response 92
Automated blood culture systems 48
Automated external defibrillator 3
Autonomic dysfunction, tests of 399
Autonomic system abnormalities 60
Autosomal abnormality, common chromosomal disorders of 581
Autosomal dominant 398
ataxias 399
Autosomal recessive 15, 398
ataxias 399
Axillary hair 582
Azathioprine 273, 285, 559, 560
Azithromycin 22, 141, 154, 331, 619
Azygoesophageal line 659
computed tomography of 659
B
Bacillary index 173
Bacillus cereus 20
Bacillus-calmette-guérin 68, 172, 184, 379, 453, 571
Baclofen 354
Bactec method 48
Bacteria
prevent entry of 514
shedding of 22
Bacterial foodborne diseases 20fc
Bacterium's ability 170
Bacteriuria, asymptomatic 491
Bag and mask ventilation 3
Balloon atrial septostomy 446, 448, 449f, 466
Band pattern 580, 591
Bar code sign 339
Barker hypothesis 62
Barth syndrome 241
Bartonella henselae 568
Basal ganglia 391f
Basal metabolic index 557
Basophilia, causes of 263b
Basophilic stippling 266, 266f
Basophils 262
Battle sign 408, 409
Bayley scales 79
Becker Duchenne muscular dystrophy 400, 603
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome 53
Bedaquiline 172
Behavior, abnormal 47
Belimumab 557
Bell's palsy 406, 407
Bendamustine 292
Benzodiazepines 354
Benzoyl peroxide 627
Berlin-Frankfurt-muenster 289
Beta-2 glycoprotein 547
Beta-adrenergic blockers 473
Beta-blocker 343, 459, 466, 471, 483
Beta-globin 281
Beta-hemolytic streptococci 561
Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin 600
Beta-hydroxybutyrate 51, 53
Beta-ketothiolase 244
Beta-thalassemia 277, 281, 283
Bicarbonate 53
Bile acid 225
synthesis defect 225, 242, 243
transport disorders 242
Biliary atresia 220
Biliary sludge 204
Bilirubin 268, 603
serum 63, 153, 223, 285
Biochemical
disturbances 63
markers 600f, 600t
tests 204
Biochemistry 61
Biopsy 289
Biotin 598
Biotinidase deficiency 92
Birth
asphyxia 58, 84
acute management of 59
injuries 648
Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome 339
Bitot's spots 12
Black measles 144
Bladder 514
calculations 515
drainage 652
problems 514
retraining 516
Blalock-Taussig shunt 443
Bleomycin 292
Blepharitis 637
anterior 637
posterior 637
ulcerative 637, 638
Blindness, congenital 578
Blood
absorption time of 92
brain barrier 117, 364
component therapy 303
count 386
culture 48
donor, hematocrit level of 92
flow, direction of 455f
gas 53, 60, 529
values 409
glucose 465, 531
target recommendations 532t
loss 545
pressure 59, 278, 417, 502, 509, 525, 557
measurement, technique for 510t
noninvasive 59
sample 3
tests, techniques for 92
transfusion 279, 280, 282, 289, 641
reaction, acute 305
urea nitrogen 198, 207, 496, 560
vessels 660
Bloody diarrhea 22
Bloom syndrome 593
Blount's disease 525, 645
Blueberry muffin rash 72, 181
B-lymphocyte stimulator 557
Body
energy, mobilizing of 579
mass index 251, 521, 524, 525
surface area 570, 629
Bone 169
infection of 646
marrow 274, 300
aspirate 269
examinations 244, 285, 294
transplantation 286, 287, 301
Borderline leprosy 173
Bordetella parapertussis 138
Bordetella pertussis 138
Borrelia burgdorferi 406
Botulinum toxin 354
Bow legs 35, 645
Bowel dysfunction 515
Bowel movement, frequency of 195
Brachial plexus injuries 646
Brachycephaly 581
Bradycardia 483
severe 464
Brain
abnormalities 601
evoked response auditory 83
iron accumulation 351
natriuretic peptide 465
Brainstem
aura 385
evoked response audiometry 70, 79, 589
glioma 397
lesion 381
Breast
engorgement of 39
insufficient drainage of 40
milk diarrhea 37
nipples, contaminated 34
tissue 657
bacterial infection of 40
underdeveloped 582
Breastfeeding 39, 40, 100, 321
frequency 41
proper technique of 42
Breath
holding spells 374
shortness of 185
British Thoracic Society 339
Broad-spectrum anthelmintics 28
Bronchiolitis 318, 326, 330
Bronchoalveolar lavage 330, 336
Bronchodilators 320
Bronchopleural fistula 335, 337, 341
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 319, 324, 327, 431
development of 62
Bronchoscopy
fiberoptic 345
rigid 345
Brown fat, deficiency of 56
Brucellosis 306
Brugada syndrome 481, 483
Brushfield spots 581
Budd-Chiari syndrome 216, 234
Budesonide 311
Bulging fissure sign 336
Bull's eye appearance 560
Bull-neck appearance 131
Bullous impetigo 89, 626
Burr cell 268f
Burst suppression pattern 372
Byler's bile 244
C
Cabot's rings 266, 267f
Café-au-lait spots 535
Calaptin 471
Calaspargase pegol 289
Calcaneal valgus foot 645
Calcification, proximal zone of 8
Calcineurin inhibitors 250, 498, 560
Calcitonin gene-related peptide 388
Calcium 9, 63, 505, 560
administration 8
carbonate stones 203
channel 398
channel blocker 193, 462, 471, 508, 511
serum 447
Campylobacter infections 23
Cancer
antigen 217
familial 578
prone disease 578
Cancrum oris 143
Candida albicans 41
Candidal diaper dermatitis 88
Candidiasis, congenital 88
Cannabis 354
Capillary refill time 59
Capreomycin 171, 379
Caput quadratum 7
Caput succedaneum 32, 34, 36
Carbamazepine 28, 367, 383, 389, 397, 415
doses of 367
Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase deficiency 603
Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome 248
Carboplatin 292
Carboxypeptidase1 genes 213
Carcinoembryonic antigen 217
Carcinoma-in-situ 541t
Cardiac catheterization 419, 423, 426, 438, 442, 448, 457, 462, 465, 471, 480
Cardiac disease, signs of 63
Cardiac enzymes 58, 457
Cardiac failure 463
congestive 433, 434, 438, 451, 459, 487
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging 419, 426, 466
Cardiac resynchronization therapy 467, 471
Cardiac size 433, 438, 442f
Cardiac transplantation 462
Cardiobacterium 486
Cardiology 413
Cardiomegaly 419, 452, 459
Cardiomyopathy 53, 475, 459, 464, 469
causes of 469, 470t
dilated 459, 465, 469
hypertrophic 417, 469
obstructive 459
symptoms of 469, 469t
transient hypertrophic 63
Cardiophrenic angle, obliteration of 461
Cardiovascular disease 164, 525
Cardiovascular system 17, 59, 61, 343
Carditis 562, 563
Caroli disease 248
Caroli syndrome 248
Carpenter syndrome 417
Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test 170, 334
Carvedilol 471
Case fatality rate 120
Cataract 148
congenital 640
developmental 640
Catchup vaccine 151
Cationic trypsinogen 213
Cefaclor 331
Cefixime 22, 154
Cefotaxime 331, 494
Cefpodoxime 22
Ceftriaxone 280, 331, 335, 494
Cefuroxime 331
Celiac disease 14, 15, 195, 201, 202fc
Cell
culture vaccines 118
free fragments 600
mediated immunity 168
Cellular abscess 337
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 80, 108, 114
Central nervous system 56, 58, 61, 67, 169, 176, 222, 288, 342, 349, 357, 361, 376, 453, 487, 535, 568, 609
disease 289
infection 158
involvement 153
tuberculosis 169
classification of 376, 376b
Central pontine myelinolysis 392
Cephalexin 619
Cephalhematoma 32, 34, 36, 648
Cephalic tetanus 136
Cephalosporins 33, 141
Cerebellar ataxis, postinfectious 397
Cerebellar integrity, assessment of 399t
Cerebellitis, acute 397
Cerebral blood flow 408
Cerebral palsy 349, 350f, 351, 354f
early signs of 350b
management of 353f
mimickers 350
types of 351t
Cerebral perfusion pressure 410
Cerebral salt wasting syndrome 377, 411
Cerebrospinal fluid 48, 67, 100, 147, 153, 158, 163, 169, 364, 372, 378, 386, 399, 408, 410, 596, 648
interpretation of 361
otorrhea 409
pleocytosis of 378, 571
Cerebrovascular accidents 397
Ceruloplasmin 225, 558
serum 225, 243, 392
Cervarix 111
Cervical cancer 109
Cervical lymphadenitis 316
Cervicovaginal infection 603
Cestodes 27
Chagas disease 306
Chaotic atrial tachycardia 475
Chaperone therapy 610
Chelation, drugs for 392
Chemoprophylaxis 317, 565t
Chemotherapy 28
Cherry red spot 243f
Chest
pain 461, 462
syndrome, acute 279
X-ray 48, 170, 186, 187, 288, 319, 332, 339, 343345, 419, 433, 438, 444, 447, 451, 459, 461, 462, 465, 503, 609, 630
abnormal 68
Chick embryo cell vaccine, purified 118
Chickenpox 66, 117
Childhood autism screening test 357
Childhood hypothyroidism 521
causes of 521b
signs of 521t
symptoms of 521t
Childhood obesity 203, 524
comorbidities of 526t
etiology of 524t, 526t
Chimeric vaccine 122
Chlamydia
oculogenitalis 639
pneumonia 328, 331
Chloramphenicol 141, 182
Chloroquine 174
Cholangiography, intraoperative 221
Cholecalciferol 8
Cholecystectomy 204
Cholecystitis 204
acute 204
chronic 204
Choledocholithiasis 204
Cholelithiasis 54
Cholera 181
vaccine, oral 181
Cholestasis 220, 232, 244, 246
chronic 243
etiologies of 220fc
Cholestatic disease 221t
Cholesterol stones 203
Chondromalacia patellae 391
Chorea 563
paralytica 389
Chorioamnionitis 47, 71, 349
Chorionic villus sampling 594, 602, 604
Choroid plexus cyst 602
Chromosomal abnormalities 372, 580, 591
Chromosomal analysis 372, 589
Chromosomal disorders 578, 580, 581
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 338
Chronicity index 559
Ciclesonide 311
Cilastatin 172
Ciprofloxacin 172, 182
Circulation 595
Circulatory system 60
Cirrhosis 14, 224
Clarithromycin 172, 174, 331, 619
Clavicle fracture 646
Clavulanate 172, 313
Clavulanic acid 336
Cleft
lip 649
palate 649
Clindamycin 336, 626
Clobazam 362
Clobetasol 619
Clofazimine 172, 174
Clonazepam 370
Clonorchis 27
Clostridium
botulinum 20
tetani 134
Cloxacillin 335, 619, 629
Club foot 645
Coamoxiclav 331
Cochlear implant 102
Coenzyme A 470
Cognitive behavior therapy 193, 194
Colchicine 273
Cold
common 309
compresses 640
environment 56
linen 56
stress 56
Colic crying-colic cycle 44
Colichine 174
Colostrum, discarding of 47
Coma 3, 589
Comedones 627
Communication disorder 358
Comparative genomic hybridization 358
Complementation test 269
Complete blood count 22, 25, 49, 61, 69, 140, 157, 178, 198, 208, 211, 221, 243, 259, 265, 270, 279, 288, 293, 297, 329, 335, 361, 375, 386, 405, 441, 487, 493, 502, 555, 630
Complete heart block 427, 464, 485
Computed tomography 58, 69, 81, 83, 186, 192, 198, 204, 228, 246, 253, 332, 334, 336, 352, 383, 386, 389, 406, 408, 410, 442, 503, 510, 641, 644, 648, 656, 658, 659
angiography 212
criteria 380
scan 339, 380
Computer vision syndrome 641
Concomitant serum albumin 232
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 91, 510, 511, 535, 538, 539, 541
Conjugation, defective 223
Conjunctiva, chemosis of 639
Conjunctival petechiae 486
Conjunctival xerosis 12
Conjunctivitis 638
bacterial 638
giant papillary 639
infective 639
phlyctenular 640
seasonal allergic 639
viral 638
Conradi Hunermann syndrome 580
Consciousness
impaired 166
level of 51
Constipation 515
chronic 195
severe 194
Continent epispadias 650
Continuous glucose monitoring 532
Continuous positive airway pressure 319, 320
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion 530
Contrast-enhanced computed tomography 27, 213, 230, 380, 381
Convulsions 3, 185, 186
generalized 366
history of 376
Coombs’ test 295, 545, 556
Copper, serum 392
Cor triatriatum 462
Cord care 32
Corneal surface 12
Corneal ulceration 12
Corneal xerosis 12
Cornelia de Lange syndrome 417
Coronary arteriogram 457f, 458f
Coronary artery
aneurysm 453
bypass grafting 572
disease 570
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) 182185
disease, stages of 185f
Corticosteroids 171, 289, 316, 320, 373, 378, 382, 384, 556, 572
side effects 500
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 131, 180
Coryza 315
Cotrimoxazole
preventive therapy 159
prophylaxis 72, 100
Cow's milk 195
protein allergy 17
Coxiella burnetii 486
Coxsackievirus 630
B 566
infection 151
C-peptide 529
Cradle cap 38
Cranial irradiation 289
Cranial nerve palsy 411
Craniotabes 7, 34
C-reactive protein 13, 25, 47, 163, 186, 192, 271, 278, 329, 335, 386, 389, 453, 465, 493, 545, 551, 563
levels 405
Creatine kinase 546, 609
levels 405
Creatine phosphokinase 58, 403, 405, 465
Creatinine 558
phosphokinase 243
serum 166, 496
Crepitations, post-tussive increase of 169
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease 399
Crigler-Najjar syndrome 223242
Crocodile tears 407
Crohn's disease 14, 492
Crossing legs 513
Croup 315
Crown rump length 599
Cryoprecipitate 179, 304
Cryotherapy 641
Cryptogenic West syndrome 372, 373
Crystalloids, dextrose-containing 214
Cubital fossa 618
Culture-negative neutrocytic ascites 217
Cushing's disease 262, 527
Cushing's syndrome 510
Cutis marmorata 88
alba 89
telangiectasia congenita 89
Cyanosis 185, 462
cardiac causes of 420
central 186, 420
peripheral 420
Cyanotic spells 51
Cyclophosphamide 289, 292, 501, 560
intravenous 560
Cycloserine 172
Cyclosporine 194, 250, 498, 630
Cyst
classification of 380
intraventricular 381
popliteal 645
Cysteine 505
Cystic fibrosis 92, 195, 242, 244, 324, 327, 336
transmembrane generator 213
Cysticercal encephalitis 380
Cysticidal drugs 382, 383t
therapy 382
Cysticidal encephalitis 384
Cystinuria 508
Cystitis 491
acute hemorrhagic 492
eosinophilic 492
hemorrhagic 301
Cytarabine 289
Cytolysis 67
Cytomegalovirus 72, 84, 147, 156, 227, 228, 250, 262, 285, 303, 328, 372, 629
infection, congenital 72
Cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody 503, 510
Cytosine 592
morphologic analysis 289
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen haplotype 632
Cytotoxicity theory 561
D
Dacarbazine 292
Dacryocystitis, congenital 637
Dark adaptometry 13
Dark-field microscopy 70
Dasatinib 289
Daunorubicin 289
Daytime incontinence 515
D-dimer 288
levels 186
Deafness, congenital 578
Deep brain stimulation 354
Dehydration 4
Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate 534
Demodex folliculorum 638
Dengue 141, 176, 179, 234
classification of 177fc
hemorrhagic fever 176
management 178
severe 176
shock syndrome 176
treatment of 178fc, 179fc
virus 176
isolation of 177
Dental care 75
Denver development screening test 81
Deoxyribonucleic acid 238, 239
Depression 195
Dermatitis
herpetiformis 151
neonatal irritant 90
Dermatomal vesicular rash 150
Dermatomyositis, juvenile 546, 566
Dermatosis, neonatal 87
Detrusor antispasmodics 517
Device
implantation 471
therapy 467
Dexamethasone 289
Diabetes Control and Complications trial 532
Diabetes insipidus 411
Diabetes mellitus 115, 510
gestational 53, 63, 446
maternal 415
type 1 529
type 2 529
Diametric inhibin A 601
Diamidino-2-phenylindole 592
Diamond-Blackfan
anemia 284, 300
syndrome 285
Diarrhea 15, 15b, 33, 227
acute 23
chronic 14
persistent 265
Diazepam 137, 361
Diazoxide 54
Dibutyl phthalate 617
Dicarboxylic acid 597
Diepoxybutane test 269
Diet
restriction 560
therapy 25
Dietary copper 395
Dietary interventions 193, 196
Dietary modification 194
Diethyl toluamide 617
Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid 653
Dietl's crisis 653
Differential leukocyte count 496
Diffusion-weighted imaging 409
DiGeorge syndrome 416, 422
Digital intelligence 82
Digital rectal examination 210
Digitalis 482
Digoxin 459, 467
Dihydrotestosterone 540
Dilute russell viper venom time 547
Dimercaptosuccinic acid 493, 510
Diphenhydramine 152
Diphenylhydantoin 481
Diphtheria 101, 131, 136, 180
tetanus toxoids and whole-cell pertussis 43
toxoid 95
vaccine against 139
Direct antiglobulin test 269, 293
Direct observation chart 81, 81t
Directly observed therapy 175
Disaccharides 193
Discoid meniscus 645
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs 546
Disseminated intravascular coagulation 84, 140, 162, 225, 297, 305
Ditropan 514
Diuretics 466
Dopamine
infusion 306
receptor antagonists 389
Doppler examinations 438
Double-balloon enteroscopy 212
Double-blind placebo-controlled 18
Double-outlet right ventricle 421, 481
Down's syndrome 372, 416, 422, 438, 580, 581, 591, 600
screening tests 600t
Doxorubicin 289
Doxycycline 22, 154, 182, 626, 628
D-penicillamine 392
Dried blood spot 606
Drug
rash 560
reaction 630
sensitivity test 171
therapy 404, 622
Dry blood spot 72
Dry pleurisy 332
Dry skin, generalized 618
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 251
Duchenne muscular dystrophy 400, 593
Duck embryo vaccine, purified 118
Duodenal atresia 602
Duodenal ulcers 206
Dysfunctional elimination syndrome 515
Dyshidrotic eczema 87
Dyshormonogenesis 521
Dyskeratosis congenita 285
Dyskinesia, primary ciliary 324
Dyslipidemia 525, 567
Dysmorphism 399
Dysmorphology 587
Dysostosis multiplex 608
Dyspepsia, functional 191
Dysphagia 566
Dysphonia 566
Dyspnea, exertional 462
Dysrhythmia, cardiac 17
Dystonia 395
Dystonic syndrome 391
Dystrophin 400, 402
E
Ebstein anomaly 419, 422, 423, 451, 464
Ebstein-Barr virus 262
Echinocyte 267, 268f
Echocardiogram 289, 419, 433, 438, 487
Echocardiography 58, 278, 405, 423, 430, 442, 446, 451, 457, 457f, 459, 462, 470, 589
functional 59
transthoracic 426
Eclampsia 62
Ecosprin 454
Ectoderm dysplasia 588
Ectopic atrial tachycardia 473, 475
Ectopic tachycardia, junctional 473
Ectopic testis 649
Eczema 310
herpeticum 620
subacute 618
Edema 615
management of 499fc
perilesional 381
pulmonary 166, 326, 459
Edmonston-Zagreb strain 144
Edwards syndrome 591
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 339
Eikenella 486
Ejection systolic murmur 446
Elaprase 609
Electric breast pumps 40
Electrocardiogram 419, 437, 456, 656
Electrocardiography 58, 283, 422, 426, 430, 433, 441, 447, 451, 459, 462, 465, 470, 480, 596
Electroencephalography 58, 352, 361, 363, 364f, 366, 367, 367f, 369, 371, 375, 397, 410
isolated 366
Electrolytes 60, 594
imbalance 87, 200
serum 329, 465, 496, 529
Electromyography 403, 589
Electron microscopy 269
Elevated serum transaminases 571
Elispot assay 630
Elixir 196
Elliptocyte 267, 268f
Elliptocytosis, hereditary 267
Embryo, direct visualization of 603
Embryological truncus arteriosus, division of 455
Emicizumab 298
Empirical antibiotic, choice of 49t
Empirical therapy 487
Empyema 335, 337
thoracis 334
management of 335fc
Enalapril 503
Encephalitis 120, 141
causes of 120
postinfectious 149
syndrome, acute 120
Encephalomyelitis
acute disseminated 397
postinfectious 143
Encephalopathy 58, 140, 198
Encopresis 515
Endemic disease 166
Endocardial cushion
defect 435, 436, 438, 581
development of 435
Endocardial fibroelastosis 460
Endocarditis 555
bacterial 423, 443
infectious 486
Endocrine
disruptors 538
effects 301
issues 251
management 401
Endocrinology 519
Endomyocardial biopsy 466, 480
Endomyocardial fibrosis 460
Endomysial antibody 192, 201
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography 205, 214
Endoscopic sclerotherapy 208
Endoscopic therapy 212
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy 377
Endoscopic variceal ligation 209
Endoscopy 208
Endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan 462
Energy
failure, secondary 58
metabolism disorders 241
utilization 59
Entecavir 240
Enteric duplication cyst 210
Enteric fever 140
Enterobacter 494
Enterobiasis 27
Enterocolitis, Hirschsprung-associated 210
Enteroscopy 212
Enterovirus 139, 405, 566, 632
coxsackievirus 632
Enuresis episodes 515
Enzyme 603
assays 589
immunoassay 70, 330
linked immunoelectrotransfer-blot 381
linked immunosorbent assay 66, 153, 154, 162, 173, 177, 192, 546, 633
replacement therapy 607, 609
Eosinophilia 560, 630
causes of 262b
Eosinophils 262, 309
Ependymoma 397
Epicutaneous test 17
Epidermal necrosis 630
Epidermolysis bullosa 89
letalis 603
Epidermophyton 622
Epigenetic phenomenon 584
Epiglottitis 315, 316
Epilepsy 362, 378
benign childhood 366
childhood 363, 366, 366f
idiopathic generalized 369
juvenile myoclonic 369
remote symptomatic 382
Epileptic spasms 371
reversible causes for 372
Epinephrine 320
Epiphora 37
Episodic ataxia 398
Episodic diseases, diagnostic criteria for 199t
Episodic wheeze 323
Epispadias 650
Epistaxis 206
Epsilon amino caproic acid 298
Epstein-Barr virus 147, 228, 233, 234, 250, 285, 397, 554
Erwinia chrysanthemi 289
Erythema
marginatum 553f, 563
periumbilical 47
toxicum 37, 89
Erythematoxicum 34
Erythroblastopenia, transient 284
Erythrocyte
adenosine deaminase 269
sedimentation rate 25, 153, 163, 192, 198, 389, 487, 493, 510, 545, 551, 555, 562, 571
Erythromycin 22, 331, 619
Erythropoiesis, ineffective 284
Erythropoietin, serum 269
Escherichia coli 20, 289, 336, 491
E-selectin 48
Esophageal atresia 655
Esophagitis 206
eosinophilic 17, 253
Estrogens 538
Ethambutol 68, 171
Ethionamide 172
Ethosuximide 364
Ethylene dicysteine 654
Etoposide 292
Euphoria 343
European Association for Study of Liver 216, 395
European League Against Rheumatism 554, 556
European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology 541
European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition 202
Exfoliated fetal cells 603
Exostosis 645
Expert Group of Indian Academy of Pediatrics 497
Expresses breast milk 66
Extensor spasms 371
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 467
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 508
Extrophy 650
Eye
care 32, 407
complications 144
disease 67, 158
F
Fabrazyme 609
Fabry disease 595, 609
Facial palsy
acquired 406
congenital 406
etiology of 406
Facial structures 385
Failure to thrive 25, 227, 242, 446
Faine's criteria 154
modified 154, 154t
Fallot's physiology 420, 421
Famciclovir 152
Familial glucocorticoid resistance 510, 511
Famotidine 187
Fanconi anemia 265, 284, 285, 300, 593, 603
Fas-fas ligand 629
Fast foods 526
Fasting glucose 525
Fat
necrosis, subcutaneous 35
paucity of 56
Fatty acid oxidation 242, 244
disorder 53, 228
Febrile 176
convulsions 143
seizure 361, 362
recurrence of 362
status epilepticus 361
Feeding problem 39
Femoral inter-condylar distance 7
Fenoldopam 467
Ferritin 545, 546
serum 268
Fertility rate, total 179
Fetal aneuploidy 602
screening for 599, 601
Fetal blood sampling, percutaneous ultrasound-guided 603
Fetal bradycardia 485
Fetal demise, high-risk of 62
Fetal echocardiography 417t, 602
Fetal growth
assessment 62
restriction 600
Fetal infections 603
Fetal period 464
Fetal structural abnormalities, screening for 601
Fetal thrombocytopenia 84
Fetal tissue sampling 603
Fetoscopy 603
Fetus
biochemical disease of 602
direct visualization of 603
Fever
acute rheumatic 546, 565t
biphasic 176
flu-like symptoms of 40
Fibrinogen 545
Fibroscan 225
Fibrosis, pulmonary 560
Fine-needle aspiration cytology 170
First contralateral pneumothorax 341
First-line drug therapy 54, 365
Flaccid paralysis, acute 632
Flat feet 645
Flat nasal bridge 581
Flavivirus 176
Flexor spasms 371
Fluconazole 301, 622
oral 621
Fluctuant swelling 32
Fludrocortisone 541
Fluid 59, 60, 503
analysis 216
attenuated inversion recovery 397, 409
imbalance 87
management 214
Fluorescence in situ hybridization 285, 288, 539, 585, 589, 603, 604
Fluorescent
antibody staining 150
leprosy antibody absorption test 173
treponemal antibody absorption test 70
Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose 291
Fluoroscopy 345
Fluticasone mometasone 311
Folate 269
levels 274
malabsorption of 265
Folic acid
antagonists 415
deficiency 265
Folinic acid 69, 70, 157
Follicle-stimulating hormone 534, 540
Food allergies 16
Food and Drug Administration 92, 172, 283, 354
Food
intolerance 16
poisoning 20, 21t
prevention of 23
reactions, adverse 16fc
Foodborne diseases 20
Forchheimer spots 148
Forefoot varus 645
Foreign body 253, 344, 644
aspiration 324
ingestion 253
Fragile X syndrome 583
Free beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin 599
Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin 270
Free fatty acid 51, 53
Free radical-induced injury, suppression of 59
Fresh frozen plasma 60, 164, 179, 208, 304
Friedreich ataxia 398
Fructose intolerance, hereditary 227, 234, 242, 244, 245
Full blood count 63
Functional abdominal pain
disorders 191
management of 193
Functional constipation, diagnostic criteria for 195b
Fundus 243f
Furosemide 431
Fusion protein 146
G
Gabapentin 354
Galactogogues, role of 42
Galactosemia 92, 227, 242
Gallbladder 153, 221
Gallstone 203
treatment 204fc
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 137
Gamma-globulin 555
Gamma-glutamyl
transferase 204, 221, 283
transpeptidase 224, 225, 243
Gardasil 111
Gastric aspirate 170
Gastritis 206
Gastrocolic reflex 32
Gastroenteritis 17, 22, 166
Gastroenterology 189
Gastroesophageal disease 192
Gastroesophageal reflux 32, 586
disease 37, 44, 198, 324, 336
Gastrointestinal care 404
Gastrointestinal disease 568
Gastrointestinal disorders, functional 191
Gastrointestinal tract 58, 168, 253, 271, 616
complication 151
Gastroschisis 650
Gatifloxacin 172
Gaucher disease 228, 242, 606, 607
treatment of 608
Gauze granuloma 344
G-band karyotype 605
Gene
mutations 606
therapy 610
Genetic 363, 366, 400
counseling 541, 577, 578, 590
components of 578
indications of 578
requirements of 578
disease 578
disorders 485, 575
mutation analysis 213
skeletal survey 589b
studies 470
test 392, 399, 465
Genital examination 515
Genitalia
atypical 53
symmetrical external 539, 540f
Genitourinary system 169
Genome-wide association studies 288, 570
Genu valgum 645
Genu varum 7, 645
Genu vulgus 7
Genus rubivirus 148
Geophagia 270
Germ cell tumors 300
Gestational age 599, 600
Giant cell pneumonia 143
Giant panda sign 391f
Giggle incontinence 515
Gilbert syndrome 223
Glasgow coma scale 408
Glaucoma 641
Globotriaosylceramide 609
Glomerulonephritis 175, 486
acute 496
chronic 496, 510
infection-related 509, 511
poststreptococcal 502, 624, 626
Glossitis 270, 273
Glucagon-like peptide 1 527
Glucocerebrosidase deficient 608
Glucocorticoids 402, 540, 560
responsive aldosteronism 510
Gluconeogenesis 51
Glucose 594
6-phosphate dehydrogenase 91, 164, 175, 265, 632
delivery rate 54
galactose malabsorption 97
large quantities of 33
tolerance, abnormal 567
transporter 1 351
deficiency syndrome 364
Glutamic acid decarboxylase 399, 529
Glycerine enema 354
Glycine 598
Glycogen storage
disease 227, 470, 596, 603
disorder 53, 241, 245, 247
Glycogenolysis 51
Glycogenosis 53
Glycoprotein 293
Glycosaminoglycans 606
Glycosylation, congenital disorders of 241
Goldenhar syndromes 406
Golimumab 552
Gonadal tumors, risk of 541t
Gonadoblastoma 541t
Gonadotropin 534, 536
independent precocious puberty 536
causes of 537t
releasing hormone 534, 537, 650
Gordon syndrome 510
Gottron papules 566, 567
Gower's sign 400, 401, 566
Graft failure 301
Graft-versus-host disease 286, 287, 301, 303
Gram staining 336
Granulocyte
colony stimulating factor 286
concentrate 304
elastase 217
Granuloma, umbilical 36, 90, 651
Great arteries 447, 450
dextro-transposition of 418, 420, 452, 481
transposition of 415, 445448, 464
Griseofulvin 623
Gross hematuria, evaluation of 501t, 502fc
Gross motor function classification system 81, 352f
Growth hormone 54, 584
deficiency 527
Guanine 592
Guillain-Barré syndrome 22, 114, 143, 405, 406, 568
Gum hypertrophy 498
H
H1N1 112
Haemophilus influenzae 72, 100, 127, 295, 301, 312, 313, 316, 327, 361, 406, 499, 647
Haloperidol 389, 390
Hamartoma, mesenchymal 247
Hand, foot, and mouth disease 632
Hansel strain 309
Hansen's disease 173, 175
Haplotype 632
Haptoglobin 545
serum 269
Harlequin color change 34
Hartnup disease 397
Head circumference 79, 227
Head deformity 36
Headache 385, 387fc
acute 385
chronic 385
mixed 385
pattern of 385
primary 386
secondary 386
Hearing
assessment 79fc, 92
rehabilitation 354
Heart
defect
congenital 63, 415, 602, 604
history of 462
disease 64
complex congenital 451
congenital 63, 89, 319, 415, 417, 418, 420, 425, 429, 445, 487, 510, 581
coronary 324, 448
cyanotic 420
maternal cyanotic 64
palliative congenital 464
rheumatic 464
failure 330, 427, 446, 467
chronic 473
congestive 301, 319, 343, 426, 429, 446
diastolic 463
features of 419
management of 468t
pathophysiology of 463fc
systolic 463
rate, normal 472
sound, multiple 460
transplantation 467, 471
Heavy metals 399
Heinz bodies 266, 267f
Helex device 431
Helicobacter pylori 192, 270, 293, 568
Heliox 320
Helminthiasis 27, 28
Helminths treatment 28
Hemagglutinin 113, 146
Hemangiomata, capillary 34
Hematemesis 206
Hematochezia 207, 210
Hematocrit 259, 260, 264, 270, 274
Hematological system 60
Hematology 426
Hematoma 408
Hemato-oncology 303
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation 286, 287, 300, 609
Hematuria 501, 510
Hemodynamics 429, 430, 451
Hemoglobin 83, 259, 264, 270, 274, 278, 281, 286, 303, 420, 487, 496, 545
glycosylated 529
low levels of 374
Hemoglobinopathy 92, 578, 603
Hemoglobinuria 166, 305
Hemogram 27
Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes low platelet syndrome 62, 242
Hemolytic anemia, Coombs-negative 392
Hemolytic crisis 279
Hemolytic uremic syndrome 22, 210, 294
Hemophagocytic syndrome 187
Hemophilia 297
Hemorrhage
conjunctival 138
diffuse alveolar 545
intracerebral 81
intracranial 85, 293, 486
intraventricular 78, 81
subconjunctival 32, 34, 638, 639
subgaleal 36
subperiosteal 11
Hemorrhagic disease 371
Hemorrhagic skin eruption 144
Hemorrhagic varicella 151
Hemothorax, spontaneous 341
Hemotympanum 408, 409
Henipavirus 182
Henoch-Schönlein purpura 11, 210, 501, 510, 568
diagnostic criteria for 568b
Hepatic encephalopathy, classification of 234t
Hepatic failure 496
Hepatic fibrosis, congenital 248
Hepatic veno-occlusive disease 301
Hepatitis
A 106, 107
vaccine 106
virus infection 106, 231
acute 223, 231
anicteric 231
autoimmune 234
B 107, 156, 603
antigen 497
chronic 224, 238, 238t, 239, 239fc
immunoglobulin 65, 240
surface antigen 65, 285
virus 65, 228, 231, 238, 239, 240
B E-antigen 65, 238, 238, 239
C virus 65, 228, 231, 293
chronic 224
E virus 65
infection 231
icteric 231
neonatal 157
relapsing 232
viral 154
Hepatobiliary scintigraphy 221
Hepatoblastoma 247
Hepatocellular carcinoma 238, 246, 247
Hepatomegaly 53, 177, 282, 461
Hepatopulmonary syndrome 462
Hepatorenal syndrome 218
Hepatosplenomegaly 69, 148, 157, 242, 589
Hernia
congenital 649
umbilical 35, 36
Herpes 234, 630
infections 228
simplex
virus 67, 88, 156
neonatal 8789
zoster 150, 151
Hiccups 33, 38
High soluble transferrin receptor 551
High-efficiency particulate air 301
High-flow nasal cannula 186
High-performance liquid chromatography 92, 271, 594
High-resolution computed tomography 344, 345
Hilar pulmonary arteries 426
Hind foot equines 645
Hip
congenital dislocation of 645
developmental dysplasia of 645
Hirschsprung's disease, diagnosis of 38
Hirsutism 498, 538, 567
Histamine 499
Histocompatibility complex 300
Hoarse voice 315
Hodgkin's lymphoma 291, 292, 300, 304
Holoprosencephaly 602
Holotranscobalamine 274
Holt-Oram syndrome 416
Homocitrullinemia 597
Homocystinuria 92, 273
Homozygosity, short stretches of 583
Hookworms 27
Hormonal replacement therapy 540
Horner's syndrome 646
Horner-Tranta's spots 640
Howell-Jolly bodies 266, 266f
Human bocavirus 318
Human chorionic gonadotropin 535, 540, 601
Human diploid cell vaccine 118
Human enterovirus 632
Human herpesvirus 233, 234, 361, 572
Human immunodeficiency virus 71, 78, 172, 262, 285, 293, 312, 399
infection, perinatal 71, 158
prevention of 100
Human leukocyte antigen 286, 300, 303, 547, 548, 554, 566, 630
Human metapneumovirus 309, 318, 328
Human milk fortifier 80
Human monoclonal antibody 119
Human papillomavirus 109
vaccine 109
Human parvovirus B19 269, 306
Human rhinovirus 96, 309
Humerus fracture 646
Hunter's syndrome 596
Huntington's chorea 564
Hydralazine 63
Hydration 316
Hydrocarbon aspiration 342
Hydrocele 36, 649
congenital 35, 649
Hydrocephalus 89, 169, 377, 648
Hydrochlorothiazide 508
Hydrocortisone 619
Hydropneumothorax 340, 341
Hydrops fetalis 241, 603
Hydroxychloroquine 556, 559
Hydroxylase deficiency 511
Hydroxyprogesterone 92
Hydroxytryptamine 193
Hydroxyurea 273
Hydroxyzine 152
Hygroma, cystic 648
Hyperaldosteronism, familial 511
Hyperammonemia 597, 597fc, 598t
neonatal 595
Hyperbilirubinemia 242, 265
Hypercalciuria 506, 508
causes of 506t
Hypercholesterolemia 498, 560
Hyperglycemia 560
nonketotic 603
Hyperinsulinism, congenital 52
Hyperkalemia 481, 482
Hyperkeratosis 10
Hyperketonemia 51
Hyperkinetic syndrome 373
Hyperlipidemia 251, 496
Hypermetropia 642
Hyperornithinemia 597
Hyperoxaluria 508
Hyperoxia 60
test 419, 422
Hyperpigmentation 53
Hyperplasia, focal nodular 247
Hypersensitivity 624
Hypersplenism 282
Hypertension 62, 251, 278, 500, 509, 510, 525, 560, 567
essential 511
persistent pulmonary 418
portal 242
pregnancy-induced 62
pulmonary 462
Hypertonic glucose infusion insulin 598
Hypertonic saline 320
Hypertriglyceridemia 567
Hypertrophic scars 627
Hypertrophic tonsils 310
Hypertrophy
biventricular 452
right atrial 452
Hyperuricosuria 508
Hyperventilation 363, 364f
Hypnotherapy 193
Hypoadrenalism, long-term therapy of 55
Hypoalbuminemia 163, 224fc, 496
Hypocalcemia 63, 448, 464, 560
symptoms of 7
Hypochondriasis 10
Hypochromia 267
Hypogammaglobulinemia 301
Hypoglycemia 51, 54, 63, 166, 363, 448, 464
categories of 53fc
defense mechanism against 51
disorder, congenital 54
monitor babies for 63
persistent 53
symptoms of 51
transient 53
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia 603
Hypohydrosis 609
Hypokalemia 481
Hypomagnesemia 60, 481, 560
familial 506
Hyponatremia 331, 377
Hypophosphatasia 8
Hypophosphatemic rickets 7
Hypopituitarism
evidence of 53
long-term therapy of 55
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 415, 418, 421, 451, 464
Hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome 284
Hypoplastic thyroid gland 521
Hypopyon 641
Hyporesponsiveness 104
Hypospadias 539, 650
Hyposplenism 268
Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis 534
Hypothermia 52, 56
mild 56
moderate 56
neonatal 56
role of 410
severe 56
whole-body 60
Hypothyroidism 474, 527
childhood 521
congenital 91, 92
primary 523t
Hypotonia 52
Hypoxanthine guaninephosphoribosyltransferase 505
Hypoxia 56, 481
screening for 465
severe 482
Hypoxic spell 442
Hypoxic stimuli 455
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy 58, 78, 349
Hypsarrhythmia 372
asymmetric 372
disappearance of 373
I
Ichthyosis, genetic forms of 603
Icterus 37
Idiogram 593
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 304
Idiopathic west syndrome 372
Ifosfamide 292
IgM dipstick test 141
Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome 273
Iminodiacetic acid, hepatobiliary 221
Imipenem 172
Immune deficiency 313, 324
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome 377
Immune thrombocytopenia 207, 293
chronic 262
management of 294t
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura 124
Immunization 72, 75, 80, 250, 499
Immunofluorescence 330
Immunofluorescence assay 162
Immunoglobulin 25, 106, 144, 312
A 201
G 201, 293
heavy-chain 288
M 154, 156
Immunomodulators 498
Immunosuppressive therapy 284, 286, 287
Immunotherapy
subcutaneous 326
sublingual 326
Impetigo 624, 626
Implantable cardioverter defibrillators 467, 482
In vitro fertilization 179
Incontinentia pigmenti 89
Indian Academy of Pediatrics 74, 95, 104, 114, 376, 525
Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices 144
Committee on Immunization 114
Indian Council of Medical Research 202
Indian Leptospirosis Society's Criteria 153
Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism 358
Indirect antiglobulin test 269
Indirect immunoperoxidase assay 163
Infantile tremor syndrome 273
Infection 301
asymptomatic 68
bacterial 40, 150
control of 625
neonatal 68
prevention of 32
secondary bacterial 151
viral 492
Infectious Disease Society of America 312
Infective endocarditis 426, 433, 486
revised Duke clinical diagnostic criteria for 486
Inferior vena cava 59, 280, 429
Inflammatory bowel disease 192, 210
Influenza 139, 141, 328, 629
A 147
immunization 115
vaccination, childhood 113
vaccine 112
types of 113
virus 113
types of 112
Inhalation method 320
Inhaled corticosteroid 320, 324
Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes 284
exclusion of 286
Injectable typhoid conjugate vaccine 142
Inotropes 466, 467
Insulin 530
preparation, types of 530t
resistance 567
Insulinoma antigen-2 529
Intense pruritus 618
Intensive care unit 84, 278, 409
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 48
Interdigital clefts 624
Interferon 240
alpha 240, 558
Interleukin 187, 218, 558
Intermediary metabolism, disorders of 596t
Intermittent photic stimulation 363
International Children's Continence Society 513
International Diabetes Federation 525
International League Against Epilepsy 361, 363
International League of Associations for Rheumatology 548, 549
International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation 463
International Society of Nephrology 558
International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 602
International Study of Kidney Diseases in Children 497
Intertrigo 88
Interventricular septum, portion of 435
Intestinal biopsy, role of 202
Intestinal obstruction 195
Intra-abdominal gonads, absence of 582
Intra-abdominal pressure 35
Intracranial pressure 380, 385, 410, 473, 509
invasive 408
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection 583, 602
Intradermal rabies vaccination 118
Intradermal skin test 17
Intrahecal baclofen pump 354
Intrahepatic cholestasis, progressive familial 221, 225, 241, 242
Intrapartum antibiotic administration 47
Intrauterine growth restriction 52, 53, 62, 72, 181, 600, 602
Intrauterine hypoxia, chronic 84
Intravenous immunoglobulin 134, 164, 187, 295, 390, 454, 570
therapy 85
Intussusception, history of 97
Iron
chelation 282
deficiency 75, 267
anemia 10, 264, 270
hydroxide polymaltose complex 271
impaired utilization of 270
loss of 270
serum 243, 268
studies 268
serum 271
therapy, oral 271
Irritable bowel syndrome 191
Ischemia, myocardial 456
Ischemic papillary dysfunction 456
Isochromosome 592
Isolated perineal hypospadias 539
Isolation 88, 139, 177
Isoniazid 69, 171, 172, 233, 379
Isonicotinic acid 171
Itching
advantage of 624
control of 625
Itch-scratch-itch cycle 618
Itraconazole 622
Ivabradine 467
Ivermectin 28
J
Janeway lesions 486
Janus kinase inhibitors 187
Janz syndrome 369
Japanese encephalitis 120
Jaundice
neonatal 32
recurrent 243
significant 63
Jejunoileitis 201
Joints, infection of 646
Jones criteria 561, 562t, 563
Joubert syndrome 398
Jugular venous pressure 463
K
Kabuki syndrome 416
Kanamycin 171, 379
Kangaroo mother care 31
Karyogram 593
Karyotype 539, 580, 593
limitations of 593
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome 246
Kasai's portoenterostomy 220, 222
Katz-Wachtel pattern 426
Kawasaki disease 154, 184, 185, 453, 454, 564, 570, 571, 571t
Kawasaki syndrome 144
Kayser-Fleischer rings 391, 391f, 392, 399
Kearns-Sayre syndrome 417
Keratoconjunctivitis
atopic 639
phlyctenular 639
Keratomalacia 12
Keratotic scabies 624
Kernig's sign 169
Ketamine 443
Ketoconazole 172
oral 621
Ketogenesis 51
Ketones 244, 594
bodies 53
Kidney
chronic 509, 511
function test 496, 503
injury
acute 162, 164, 496, 503, 510, 511
molecule-1 218
King's College Hospital Criteria for Acute Liver Failure 237
Klebsiella 491, 494, 505
Klinefelter syndrome 582, 591
Knee
degenerative arthritis of 391
pain 645
Knock knee 645
physiological 35
Koilonychias 270
Koplik spots 143
Kussmaul's sign 461
L
Labioscrotal fold fusion
degree of 539
extent of 539
Lacerations 626
Lacks immune memory 104
Lactate 53, 244, 594
dehydrogenase 62, 225, 268, 285, 288, 292, 318, 545, 567
serum 274
Lactic acidosis 198
Lactic dehydrogenase 216
Lactobacillus reuteri 44
Lactulose 354
Lamivudine 240
Lamotrigine 370
seizures free rates of 370
Landau-Kleffner syndrome 367
Lange-Nielsen syndrome 482
Language
and speech assessment 81
evaluation scale Trivandrum 81, 83
Large-molecule diseases 594
L-arginine 598
Laryngoscopy 316
Laryngotracheitis 315
Laryngotracheobronchitis 143, 315
Larynx 344
Laser photocoagulation 641
Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society 541
Lazy bladder syndrome 514
L-carnitine 598
Lead poisoning 195
Leflunomide 552
Left atrial pressure 457
Left atrium 421, 425, 426, 445, 446, 449, 451
Left bundle branch block 427, 472
Left coronary artery 455, 457, 458
Left ventricle 430, 445449, 451, 455, 457, 459, 478
Left ventricular
hypertrophy 456, 459, 509, 511
outflow tract 446
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease 646
Legionella pneumophila 328
Leishmaniasis, viral 141
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome 372
Lentil lectin purified glycoprotein 381
Lepra reaction 174
types of 175t
Lepromatous leprosy 173, 175
Lepromin test 173
Leprosy 173
clinical type of 173, 174t
intermediate 175
management of 174
multidrug therapy in 175t
Leptin deficiency 527
Leptospirosis 141, 153, 234
Lesch Nyhan syndrome 243
Leukemia 286, 288
acute 581
lymphoblastic 288, 300
lymphocytic 290
myelogenous 288, 290
myeloid 286, 289, 300
childhood 290
chronic
myelogenous 288
myeloid 261, 263, 289, 300
juvenile myelomonocytic 261
neonatal 581
Leukocyte
adhesion deficiency 300
buffy-coat of 11
counts 150
esterase 217
Leukocytosis 150, 493, 496, 571
Leukoencephalopathy, progressive multifocal 399
Leukomalacia, periventricular 73, 78, 81, 349
Leukopenia 176, 555
Leuko-reduced red cells 303
Leukotriene receptor antagonist 324
Levamisole 498
Levetiracetam 367, 370
Levofloxacin 172
Levosimendan 467
Liddle syndrome 510
Light index 339
Light's criteria, modified 335
Limpness 52
Linezolid 172
Lipoprotein
low-density 398
storage disorders 606
Lithium 416
Live attenuated vaccine 107, 114
Liver
biopsy 221, 244, 392, 589
cirrhosis of 14
copper estimation 392
disease 227, 268
chronic 224, 242, 245, 249
complications of 249b
end-stage 249
fibropolycystic 248
pediatric end-stage 224, 249
failure
acute 223, 231, 233, 235f, 242, 243, 245, 249
chronic 232, 243, 249
fatty acid-binding protein 218
function test 25, 61, 67, 149, 157, 192, 198, 207, 213, 221, 223, 231, 239, 243, 285, 292, 389, 405, 545, 546, 557, 630
abnormal 223
injury, drug-induced 224
transaminases 551
transplantation 233, 240, 249, 392394
emergency 236
pediatric 249b, 250
Lockjaw 134, 135
London dysmorphology database 588
Long chain 3 hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase 242
Long QT syndrome 374, 375f, 470, 482
Loose index 324
Low back pain 646
Low birth weight 31, 57, 326, 349
Löwenstein-Jensen culture medium 170
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding 206, 210
causes of 211t
Lower respiratory tract infection 318
L-thyroxine 522, 523
Lumbar puncture 68, 289, 361, 386
Lung 660
abscess 331, 336
primary 336
secondary 336
disease
chronic 80 448
interstitial 338
injury
acute 305
ventilator-induced 448
lateral view of 660
parenchyma 447
Lupus 485
anticoagulant 63, 547
nephritis 558
histopathological classification of 559f
Luteinizing hormone 534, 535, 540
releasing hormone 650
Lyme's disease 306
Lymph node 169
tuberculosis 169
Lymphadenopathy 157, 291, 571
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis 338
Lymphangioma 648
Lymphocyte 261
intraepithelial 202
transformation test 630
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus 156
Lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate 146
Lymphocytopenia, causes of 262t
Lymphocytosis, causes of 262t
Lymphohistiocytosis, hemophagocytic 184, 228, 286, 300
Lymphoma 291
Lymphopenia 555
Lymphoproliferative disease 141
Lysine 597
Lysosomal storage diseases 227, 596t, 606
classification of 606, 607t
pathophysiology of 606
treatment of 610
Lysosomal transport defects 606
M
Macrocephaly 89
Macrophage activation syndrome 545, 551
Maculopapular rash 157
Magnesium 8, 63, 187
Magnetic resonance 192, 381, 510
angiography 212
cholangiopancreatography 204, 214
imaging 25, 58, 81, 83, 198, 214, 221, 246, 253, 352, 358, 363, 367, 369, 372, 381, 383, 386, 389, 397, 406, 408, 419, 442, 470, 503, 522, 536, 539, 551, 589, 596, 602, 641, 644, 648, 656
brain 392, 398
protocol 381
scan 381
spectroscopy 381
Main pulmonary artery 449, 450
Major histocompatibility complex 561
Malabsorption syndrome 14
Malaria 15, 166
classification of 166
parasite density, patency level of 166
severe 166
complicated 166
Malassezia furfur 90, 621
Malnutrition
maternal 640
severe acute 3, 170
Mantoux test 68, 69, 170
Manual breast pumps 40
Maple syrup urine disease 92, 596, 597
March fracture 644
Marfan's syndrome 338, 339, 580
Marsh-Oberhuber grading, modified 202t
Martin-Bell syndrome 583
Masseter muscle spasm 135
Massive blood transfusion 304
Mastitis 40
neonatorum 34, 36
Maternal immune thrombocytopenia 85
Maternal transmittable infectious disease 602
Mature-B all 288
Maturity-onset diabetes of young 529
Maxillary osteitis 313
McCune-Albright syndrome 535
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 259, 274
Mean corpuscular volume 259, 260, 274, 284
values 260t
Measles 117, 143
inclusion body encephalitis 143
mumps, rubella 108, 144, 149, 293
vaccine against 147
Meatal stenosis 652
Mebendazole 28
Mechanical ventilation 134, 320
Meckel's diverticulum 210, 212
Meckel's scan 212
Meconium
nonpassage 33
passage 195
Mediastinal mass 291
Mediastinum 657
anterior 658
posterior 658
superior 658
Medical expulsive therapy 508
Medical nutrition therapy 531
Medium-chain
acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase 198, 597
triglycerides 222
Medulloblastoma 397
Megakaryocytes 294
Megaloblastic anemia 267, 273
diagnosis of 274fc
hematologic laboratory features of 274t
Melanocortin receptor mutation 525
Melatonin 187
Melena 206, 207, 210
Membranes, preterm premature rupture of 47
Mendelian inheritance 596
Meningitis 313, 637
signs of 361
symptoms of 361
tuberculous 154, 376
Meningococcal infection 128
Meningococcal vaccine 127
Meningoencephalitis 148, 162, 163
Meningomyelocele 651
Mental
apathy 273
retardation 195, 578, 589
status 343
Mesenchymal cells 602
Mesial temporal sclerosis 362
Metabolic disease 92, 227
Metabolic disorders 58, 91, 603
Metabolic liver disease 241, 242, 245
pathogenesis of 241f
Metabolic syndrome 525, 567
Metabolic tests, advanced 244t
Metabolism, inborn errors of 25, 47, 53, 78, 91, 241, 300, 372, 464, 594, 594b, 595
Metaiodobenzylguanidine 397, 510
Metaphyseal dysplasia 8
Metatarsus adductus 644
Methemoglobinemia 418
Methotrexate 289, 415, 551, 559
Methyldopa 63
Methylmalonic acid, serum 274
Methylmalonic aciduria 273
Methylprednisolone 390
Metoprolol 471
Metronidazole 23, 137
Microcephaly 63, 73, 273
Microcolon 63
Microdeletions 592
Micropenis 53, 539
Microphthalmia 148
Microscopic agglutination test 154
Microscopic hematuria, diagnosis of 502fc
Microsporum canis 622
Micturating cystourethrogram 493, 510, 652, 654
Midazolam 361
Middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity 602
Midfoot cavus 645
Mid-gut volvulus 210
Migalastat 610
Migraine 385
abdominal 191, 194
chronic 386
classification of 385
diagnostic criteria 386t
familial hemiplegic 385
hemiplegic 385
prophylaxis 387t, 562
retinal 385
treatment of 387t
Miliaria 37, 87
Miliaria crystallina 87, 89
Miliaria pustulosa 87
Miliaria rubra 87
Miliary tuberculosis 168
Milkman pseudofracture 8
Milrinone 467
Mineralocorticoid 540
Minocycline 174
Miscarriage, spontaneous 63
Mitochondrial disorders 399
Mitochondrial myopathy 198
Mitomycin 269
Mitral insufficiency, signs of 437
Mitral regurgitation 427, 429, 456, 464, 562
features of 460
Mitral stenosis 462
Mitral valve prolapse 429, 480
Mixed connective tissue disease 545
Mixed gonadal dysgenesis 538
Mobius syndromes 406
Molecular absorption recirculating system 393
Molecular cytogenetic syndromes 583
Molecular genetic
analysis 403
studies 269
testing 401
Molluscum contagiosum 620
Mometason 619
Mongolian spot 36
Monoamine oxidase 233
Monoclonal antibodies 321
Monocytes 262
Monocytosis, causes of 262b
Mononucleosis, infectious 306
Monosaccharides 193
Moraxella catarrhalis 312
Morbillivirus 143
Mosaicism 581
Motavizumab 321
Motor neuron 403
Mouse brain-derived inactivated vaccine 121
Mouth disease 67, 158
Moxifloxacin 172
Mucolipidoses 606
Mucopolysaccharidoses 8, 227, 595, 596, 606609
Mucosal bleeding 177
Mucosal edema 313
Mucositis 301
Multicentre growth reference study 525
Multicystic appearance 247
Multidisciplinary team 359
Multidrug therapy 174, 175
Multidrug-resistant cefixime 141
Multifactorial inheritance pattern 385
Multi-organ dysfunction 185
evidence of 58
Multiple atrial tachycardia 473
Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification 403, 416
Multiplex polymerase chain reaction 48
Multivitamin supplementation 80
Mumps 146
Murmur 450
Muscle
biopsy 401
enzymes 546
relaxants 134
spasms 134
Muscular dystrophy 459
Musculoskeletal disease 566
Myalgia 176
nuchae epidemica 405
Mycobacterium 630
leprae 173
tuberculosis 68, 168, 330, 332, 334, 378, 640, 647
demonstration of 170
Mycophenolate 559
mofetil 250, 498, 560
Mycoplasma 139, 285, 331
pneumonia 144, 328, 405, 568, 629
Mycotic aneurysm 486
Myectomy 471
Myelitis, transverse 143
Myelodysplastic syndrome 267, 269, 286
Myeloperoxidase 547
Myocardial diseases 459
Myocardial infarction 482
Myocarditis 162, 464, 474, 475, 482
neonatal 485
Myoclonic jerks 369
Myoclonic status epilepticus 369
Myopathy 578
Myopia 641, 642
Myositis, benign acute childhood 405
Myotomy 460
N
N-acetyl glutamate synthase deficiency 597
N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase 561
Naglazyme 609
Nailfold telangiectasia 566
Nalidixic acid 141
Napkin rashes 34
Naproxen 194
Nasal cannula 185
Nasal diphtheria 131
Nasal polyp 310, 313
Nasal sumatriptan 194
Nasal zolmitriptan 194
Nasogastric tube 4
Nasolacrimal duct
blockage 32
noncanalization of 637
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 196, 357
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 16
National Neonatology Forum 91
National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau 264
National Tuberculosis Control Programme, revised 376
Neck soft tissues and spine 657
Necrotizing enterocolitis 47, 54, 62, 84, 210
Neisseria gonorrhoeae 638, 639
Neisseria meningitidis 127
Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia 84, 85
Neonatal cholestasis syndrome 242, 245
Neonatal hypoglycemia 51
causes of 52t
Neonatal intensive care unit 47, 361, 432, 447, 510
Neonatal resuscitation program 61
Neonatal sepsis 46, 47, 50
classification of 46t
late-onset 46
Neonatal symptomatic disease 69
Neonatal thrombocytopenia 84
causes of 84t
early-onset 85
late-onset 85
Neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone 92
Nephritis 162
Nephrocalcinosis 505, 506
Nephrolithiasis 505b, 506
Nephrolithotomy, percutaneous 508
Nephrology 489
Nephrotic syndrome 496, 500, 510
primary 496
secondary 496
Nephrotoxicity 498
Nervous system, sympathetic 463
Neural tube defects 63
Neuraminidase 113
protein 146
Neuroblastoma 300
Neurocutaneous syndrome 372
Neurocysticercosis 380, 381, 382t
treatment of 27
Neurodegenerative disorder 350, 578
Neurodevelopmental disorder 80
Neuroimaging 81, 386, 399, 589
Neurological complication 132, 143, 151
Neurological disorders 89
Neurological examination 61, 79, 80
Neurological signs 73
abnormal 386
Neurology 347
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses 606
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase 402
Neurotuberculosis 376
Neuro-Wilson disease 391
symptomatic management of 395
Neutropenia 284, 551
causes of 261t
severe congenital 300
Neutrophil 259, 261
gelatinase-associated lipocalin 218
Neutrophilia 493
causes of 261t
Nevirapine 71, 159
Nevus simplex 34
New Wilson's index 394t
New York Heart Association 64
Newborn intensive care unit 57, 78, 79
Newborn screening program 91
Next-generation sequencing 403, 605
Niemann-Pick disease 228, 241, 244
Night blindness 12, 642
Night crying 44
Nikolsky's sign 629
Nipah virus 182
Nipple
cracked 39
flat 39
pigmentation of 539
retracted 39
sore 39
Nitric oxide inhalation 462
Nitrofurantoin 494
Nocturia 529
episodes 515
Nodal ectopic tachycardia 478
Nodal escape beats 477
Nodal premature beats 477
Nodal rhythm 477
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia 247
Nodules, subcutaneous 563
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 227, 228, 525, 527
Nonbullous impetigo 626
Noncontrast computed tomography 381, 506
Nonconvulsive status epilepticus 397
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 291, 292, 300
Noninvasive ventilation 186
Non-rapid eye movement 371
sleep 367
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 178, 207, 279, 295, 387, 551, 556, 572, 615, 629
oral 174
Noonan syndrome 416
Normocarbia 60
Norwegian scabies 624
management of 624
Nosocomial infection 47
Nuchal translucency 593, 599, 601
Nucleic acid testing 159
Nutrition 214, 250, 530
Nutritional diseases 5
Nutritional management 60, 401
Nystagmus 641
Nystatin suspension 41
O
Obesity
abdominal 525
childhood 203, 524
health consequences of 525
hypothalamic 527
Obsessive-compulsive disorder 389
Obstructive mega ureter, primary 653
Obstructive sleep apnea 325
Occlusive vasculitis 377
Oculocutaneous albinism 603
Ofloxacin 172, 174
Oligoarthritis 549
future treatment of 552
Oligosaccharides, fermentable 193
Oligosaccharidoses 606
Omphalitis 47
Omphalocele 651
Oncovin 292
Open neural tube defects 601
Ophthalmia neonatorum 638
Ophthalmic zoster 150
Opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia syndrome 397
Optic
chiasma, third ventricular compression of 377
neuritis 313
Optochiasmatic arachnoiditis 377
Oral contraceptive pill 175
Oral food challenge test 19
Oral prednisolone, high-dose 559
Oral rehydration solution 23
Oral steroids, role of 619
Orbital cellulitis 637
Orchidopexy, timing of 650
Organic acid 589
Organic acidemia 227
Ornithine 597
aminotransferase deficiency 597
transcarbamylase 198, 234
deficiency 603
Orotic acid 597
Orthopedic disorders 525
Osgood-Schlatter disease 645
Oski's pediatrics principles 318
Osler's nodes 486, 487
Osmotic laxatives 196
Osteitis, frontal 313
Osteochondritis 644
dissecans 391
Osteomyelitis 11
Osteopenia
generalized 10
premature 391
Osteoporosis 448
prevention 557
Osteotomies 354
Ostium primum 429
defects 435, 438, 439
Otitis media 100, 143, 316
serous 310
Otoacoustic emission 69, 79, 83, 92
Ovarian hyperandrogenism 525
Oxalate 505
Oxcarbamazepine 367
doses of 367
valproate 367
Oxcarbazepine 370
Oxybutynin 517
Oxygen
carrying capacity 374
saturation 185, 441
Oxymetazoline 311
P
P wave 484
Packed red blood cell 282, 303
transfusion of 271
Pain
abdomen 177, 191, 191t, 192t, 210
management 60, 214
Painful crisis 279
Palliative surgery 443, 457
Palpitation 452
Pancreas, pseudocyst of 214
Pancreatitis 332
acute 204, 213, 461
recurrent 213
chronic nonprogressive 213, 461
Pancytopenia, severe 301
Panencephalitis, subacute sclerosing 143, 149
Papilledema 399
Papules, rash of 624
Para-aminosalicylic acid 172, 273
Paracentesis, large-volume 217
Paracetamol 44, 144, 362
Paradoxical reactions, pathogenesis of 378
Parainfluenza 139, 328
virus 309, 315
Parapsoriasis 151
Parasite density 166
Paraspinal edges 659
Parathyroid hormone 7, 506
level 8
Paratyphoid
A 104
B 104
Parenchyma 660
Parenchymal inflammation 336
Parenteral iron therapy 271
Paresthesias 406
Parkinson's disease 391
Paroxysmal hypercyanotic attacks 441
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 269, 286
Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome 538, 541
Partial thromboplastin time 304
Parvovirus B19 156, 227, 228, 372, 555, 566
Patau syndrome 591
Patent ductus arteriosus 148, 415, 432, 434, 434t, 438, 445, 446, 464
pathology of 432t
Patent foramen oval 445, 446
Paucibacillary disease 169, 170
Peak expiratory flow 325
Pearson syndrome 284
Pediatric acute liver failure 221, 233
Pediatric heart failure, Modified Ross classification of 465t
Pediatric intensive care unit 208, 510
Pediatric Rheumatology European Society 568
Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization 568
Pediculosis 626
Pelkan spur 11
Pelvic ultrasonography 539
Pelviureteric junction 192, 198, 653
obstruction 653
Penicillin 70, 487, 615
Penta screen 601
Percutaneous fetal skin biopsy 603
Perennial allergic conjunctivitis 639
Pericardial disease 461
Pericarditis 162
Perihilar opacities 343
Perinatal asphyxia 47
evidence of 59
Perineal fistula 654
Periodic acid-schiff 244
Periorbital cellulitis 313
Periorbital ecchymosis 408, 409
Periorbital rash 566
Peripheral blood 300
smear 271, 274, 285
Peripheral pulmonary stenosis 415
Peritonitis, spontaneous bacterial 217, 232
Periungual erythema 566
Periventricular calcifications 73
Permethrin 625
Peroneal spastic flat foot 645
Peroxisomal diseases 594
Peroxisomal disorders 227, 241
Personal protective equipment 187
Pertussis 138, 180
stages of 138t
toxin 138
Pharmacologic therapy 193, 466
Phenobarbitone 221, 370
Phenylephrine 311
Phenylketonurea 357, 372, 417, 597
maternal 415
Phenytoin 28, 370, 383, 397, 415
Pheochromocytoma 510
Phimosis 652
Phosphate 7, 505
Phosphocreatine 58
Photocoagulation 641
Picture exchange communication system 359
Pigment stones 203
Pimozide 389
Pinna, pain of 406
Pinworm 27
Pityriasis versicolor 621
Pizotifen 194
Placenta previa 71
Placental failure 62
Placental growth factor 600
Placentrax lotion 621
Plague 181
Plasma
glucose 51
metanephrines 510
product 303
protein-A, pregnancy-associated 599, 600
renin activity 539
zinc level, estimation of 14
Plasmodium falciparum 166, 277, 280
parasite 15
Platelet 262, 274, 545
alloimmunization 603
concentrates 304
count 263, 545
distribution width 259
products 303
transfusion guideline 85, 85t
Pleura 660
anteroposterior view of 660
fluid lactate dehydrogenase 334, 335
lateral view of 660
Pleural effusion 332
Pleural fluid
protein 335
testing 332
Pleural tear 339
Pleurodesis 341
Plexiform lesion 462
Pneumatocele 331
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 101
Pneumococcal disease 100
invasive 100
noninvasive 100
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 101
Pneumococcal vaccination 102
Pneumococcal vaccine 102, 103, 499
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia 338
Pneumocystis jiroveci 301
pneumonia 286
Pneumomediastinum 341
Pneumonia 100, 143, 344
bacterial 154
childhood community-acquired 328t
community-acquired 162, 327
incidence of 100
necrotizing 331
secondary 143
vaccine 100
viral 154
Pneumonic plague 182
Pneumonitis, interstitial 143, 148
Pneumothorax 338
bilateral 341
classification of 338fc
encysted 341
iatrogenic 338
large 339, 340
noniatrogenic 338
primary spontaneous 338
recurrent 340, 341
secondary spontaneous 338, 340
spontaneous 341
traumatic 338
Polio vaccine, oral 72, 96, 108
Poliomyelitis 22
Polyangiitis
granulomatous 547
microscopic 547
Polyarthritis 549
future treatment of 552
Polycystic ovarian syndrome 525, 567
Polycythemia 63
Polydipsia 529
Polyethylene glycol 194, 196, 240
Polygenic inheritance 369
Polyhydramnios 63, 64
Polymerase chain reaction 66, 88, 139, 141, 144, 147, 149, 150, 154, 162, 170, 173, 177, 182, 285, 318, 330, 547, 589, 630
quantitative 403, 602
Polymorphonuclear cells 309
Polyneuritic leprosy 173
Polyols 193
Polyphagia 529
Polysaccharide 606
vaccine 101, 104, 127
status of 104
Polyuria 529
Pompe disease 417,609
Port-wine stain 89
Positive bronchodilator reversibility test 325
Positive end-expiratory pressure 164, 186
Positron emission tomography 372, 389, 397
Postchemotherapy 267
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome 502
Postnatal cytogenetic testing 593
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease 250
Potassium
citrate 508
hydroxide 88
Pott's disease 646
Prader-Willi syndrome 527, 584
Praziquantel 27
Precocious puberty 534
central 534
etiology of 535fc
peripheral 534
Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques 579
Prednisolone 171, 292, 407, 564
tapering dose of 498
Prednisone 70, 289
Pre-eclampsia 53, 62
Pregnancy 600
acute fatty liver of 242
mid trimester loss 64
Premature atrial complex 474
Premature ventricular contraction 480
Prenatal invasive diagnostic tests 602
Preterm labor 63
Prickly heat 87
Probiotics 193
Procaine penicillin G 70
Procalcitonin 47, 50
serum 329
Proliferative lupus nephritis 560fc
Promethazine 387
Propanol 443
Propionibacterium acnes 627
Propranolol 194, 471
Prostacyclin infusion 462
Prostaglandin E1 434, 451
Prosthetic valve 486
Protein
energy malnutrition 13
losing enteropathy 496
serum 496
total 232
Proteinuria 510, 558
quantification of 497t
Proteus vulgaris 162
Prothionamide 172
Prothrombin time 61, 208, 225, 231, 288, 297, 304
Proton pump inhibitors 44, 208
Pruritus 87
Pseudobulbar palsy, congenital 406
Pseudohypoparathyroidism 1A 527
Pseudo-membranous colitis 211
Pseudomonas 494, 505
aeruginosa exotoxin A 104
Pseudoparalysis 10
Pseudopuberty, precocious 534
Pseudotumor
cerebri 525
inflammatory 247
Psoriatic arthritis 551
Psychiatric disorders 373
Psychiatric syndromes 391
Pubertal development, normal 534
Puberty, incomplete variants of 535t
Pulmonary artery 419, 425, 427, 440, 445450, 455, 465, 659
Pulmonary blood flow 420, 441, 446
Pulmonary hypertension 462
features of 462
Pulmonary trunk 455, 457, 458
Pulmonary valve 429, 457
Pulmonary vascular
disease 426, 427
pattern 660
resistance 425, 426, 446
Pulse
oximeter screening 418, 418t
sharp upstroke of 460
Pupillary reflex 13, 641
Pure red cell aplasia 269, 545
Purkinje system 480
Pustules 624
Pyelography 506
intravenous 506, 653
Pyelonephritis 491, 492
Pyogenic infection 626
Pyrantel pamoate praziquantel 28
Pyrazinamide 68, 171
Pyridoxine 171
Pyrimethamine 70, 157
Pyrimidine 5′-nucleotidase deficiency 266
Pyruate dehydrogenase deficiency 397
Q
Q-banding 592
QT syndrome 481
Quadrivalent flu vaccine 113
Quadruple rhythm 451, 452
Quadruple test 601
Quinidine 481
toxicity 482
R
Rabies vaccine 116118
Radiation 31, 56
Radioallergosorbent test 18
Radioimmunoassay 173
Radiolucent stone 506
Radionuclide
cystography 493
imaging 522
ventriculography 471
Radiotherapy 641
Raised intracranial pressure 376, 380
Raised jugular venous pressure 461
Ramsay Hunt syndrome 406, 407
Random blood sugar 510
Randomized controlled trial 15, 384
Rapid diagnostic test 178, 182, 280, 330, 361
quality-assured 166
Rapid plasma reagin 70
Rarefaction, Trümmerfeld zone of 11
Rash 37
erythematous 34
Rastelli operation 449f
Real-time amplification systems, quantitative 48
Red blood cell 245, 259, 264, 274, 278, 303, 501, 502, 545
Red cell
alloimmunization 603
distribution width 259, 260, 270
folate 269
Red-colored urine, causes of 501t
Re-entrant atrioventricular tachycardia 478
Reflexes, abnormal neonatal 60
Refraction, errors of 642
Refsum disease 398
Regurgitation 37, 39, 404
Rehabilitation management 401
Renal abscess 492
Renal artery stenosis 511
Renal biopsy 503, 510, 558
Renal disease 62
Renal disorders 64
Renal function test 8, 529, 546, 630
Renal Pathology Society 558
Renal replacement therapy 235, 595
Renal stone 505
evaluation of 507
Renal system 60
Renal tract anomalies 63
Renal tuberculosis 492
Renal tubular acidosis 7, 506
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 463
Respiratory care 186
Respiratory distress syndrome 63
Respiratory fluoroquinolones 313
Respiratory infection, acute 323, 361
Respiratory sounds 278
Respiratory syncytial virus 139, 309, 315, 318, 319, 323, 328, 423
Respiratory system 15, 17, 60, 307
Respiratory tract 17
infection, recurrent 429
Restrictive cardiomyopathy 459, 460
Resuscitation, cardiopulmonary 3
Reticulocyte
count 261, 271
hemoglobin content 271
Retinal detachment 177, 178
Retinal pigmentation 89
Retinoblastoma 641
Retinoic acid 627
Retinoids, oral 627
Retinol, serum 13
Retinopathy of prematurity 80, 640
classification of 80
guidelines, early treatment for 80
Retinopathy, pigmentary 148
Retropharyngeal abscess 143
Rett syndrome 580
Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction 185, 288, 633
Reye syndrome 143, 572
Rhabdomyolysis 53
Rhesus 600
Rheumatic chorea, acute 389
Rheumatic fever 154, 484, 553f, 561, 562t
pathophysiology of 561
Rheumatoid factor 389, 486, 546, 549
Rheumatologic diseases 546
Rheumatology 543
pediatric 545
Rhinitis 325
Rhinorrheas 409
Rhinosinusitis 312, 325
acute 312, 313
chronic 312, 314
predisposing factors for 312t
Rhinovirus 328
Rib resection 335
Ribonucleoprotein 113
Rickets
etiology of 7t, 13t
nutritional 7
Rickettsia 161
Rickettsial diseases 161, 162, 459
Rickettsial infections 161, 165
classification of 161t
Rifampicin 171, 174
Right atrium 445, 449, 451, 457
Right axis deviation 426, 447
Right bundle branch block 419, 430, 452, 473
Right coronary artery 455, 457, 458
Right upper limb 418
Right ventricle 429, 445, 447449, 451, 457, 478
Right ventricular
failure, features of 462
hypertrophy 425, 433, 440, 441f, 447, 451, 462
outflow tract 421, 440, 457
Ring chromosome 592
Ringer's lactate 4, 214
Risperidone 389
Rituximab 292, 498, 557, 560
Road traffic accidents 408
Robertsonian translocation 592
Rocker bottom foot 645
Rocky mountain spotted fever 163
Rolandic spikes 366
Romano-Ward syndrome 482
Ross classification, modified 465ft
Rotarix 96, 99
Rotasiil 97, 98
Rotateq 96, 98
Rotavac 97, 98
Rotavirus
disease 98
gastroenteritis 96
infection 96
spread 97
vaccination 97, 98
vaccine 96, 97, 99
Roth's spot 486
Roundworm 27
Routine mumps vaccination 147
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass 527
Rubella 148, 227, 228, 328, 372
syndrome, congenital 148, 149, 157, 180, 433
S
Sacral agenesis 63
Salmon patches 34
Salmonella 20
enteric
fever 23
serotype typhi 140
infection 22
typhi
infection 105
vaccine 104
Sarcoidosis 546
Sarcoptes scabiei 624
SARS-CoV-2 182, 184, 187, 328
Scabies 87, 624, 626
incognito 624, 625
spread of 624
Scarlet fever 572
Schistocyte 268, 268f
Schistosomes 27
Schistosomiasis 501
Schwartz diagnostic criteria 483
Sclerema neonatorum 89
Scoliosis 646
Scratch 624
marks 625
Scrub typhus 161
Scurvy 10
Sebaceous gland hyperplasia 89
Seborrheic dermatitis 88, 90
Secundum defect 429
Segawa disease 350
Seizures 52, 369, 378, 382, 395
complete cessation of 373
complex febrile 361, 362
control of 361
frequency 384
multiple 166
recurrence of 382
semiology 366f
typical absence 363
Senning operation 449f
Sensorineural deafness 148
Sensory ataxia 396
Sensory disorder 79
Sepsis 464, 465
antibiotic use for 49fc
classification of 46
early-onset 47, 48t
late-onset 47
screen 47
Septal deviation 310
Septic pulmonary embolism 486
Septicemia 337
Septicemic plague 181
Sequential test 599
Serelaxin 467
Serial lactate measurement 465
Serological tests 153, 178, 381, 630
Serotonin antagonists 193
Serum alanine aminotransferase 67
Serum alkaline phosphatase 224
Serum ascitic albumin gradient 216
Serum glutamic
oxaloacetic transaminase 223
pyruvic transaminase 223
Serum integrated test 599
Severe attack 325
Sex chromosome
abnormalities of 582
karyotype 582
Sex development, disorders of 538, 538t, 541, 584
Sexually transmitted infection 492
Shallow breaths 334
Shawl sign 566
Shigella 20
Shock
anaphylactic 17
circulatory 473
compensated 179
hypotensive 179
hypovolemic 500
Short QT syndrome 470
Short sightedness 642
Short stature 578, 582
Short-acting beta-agonist 319, 324
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome 285, 300
Sick day management 532
Sickle cell 268, 268f
anemia 92, 300
crisis 280
types of 278t
disease 102, 277, 327
disorders 277
trait 277
Siderocytes 266, 267f
Sildenafil 462
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms 570
Single-photon emission computed tomography 389
Sinus
arrhythmia 474
aspiration 313
bradycardia 473
node 472
dysfunction 474
tachycardia 472
venosus defects 429
Sinusitis 310, 312
Sjögren syndrome 545, 546, 602
Skeletal dysplasia 588
Skeletal survey 589, 589b
Skin
biopsy 630
disease 67, 158
excoriation 566
flushing of 17
hydration of 618
integrity breach 47
prick test 17
sensitivity test 117
smears 173
temperature 56
tests 170
to-skin contact 57
Sleep apnea 525
Sleepiness, excessive 34
Slide agglutination test 154
Slipped capital femoral epiphyses 525, 646
Small intestinal biopsy 25
Small molecule diseases 595
Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein associated polypeptide N 584
Smith-Lemli opitz syndrome 417, 580
Sneezes 38
Social responsiveness scale 357
Sodium 526
benzoate 595
bicarbonate 443
channel 483
phenylacetate 598, 598t
picosulfate 196
valproate 389
Soft tissue 656
malignancies 11
Sore buttocks 34
Sparse pubic hair 582
Spasmodic croup 316
Spastic diplegia 351fc, 354
Spastic paraplegia, hereditary 351
Spasticity, treatment of 354t
Spatula test 136
Spherocyte 268, 269f
Sphincter 514
Sphingolipidoses 596, 606
Spina bifida 195, 651
Spinal muscular atrophy 403
Spinal tuberculosis 169, 646
Spinocerebellar ataxia 396
Splenectomy 282
Split-virion vaccine 113
Spot protein 546
Sprengel's deformity 646
Spur cell 268f
Squamous blepharitis 637, 638
Standard agglutination test 154
Staphylococcal folliculitis 87, 88
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome 626, 630
Staphylococcus aureus 20, 147, 316, 328, 334, 336, 486, 492, 618, 626, 637, 647
Staphylococcus saprophyticus 491
Status epilepticus, pure absence 369
Status migrainosus 386
Steatosis 244
Steinherz-Bleyer algorithm 289
Stem cells, infusion of 301
Stenosis, pulmonary 416, 429, 449
Sterile pyuria 492, 571
Sterility 582
Steroids 28
role of 164
systemic 320
topical 619
Stevens-Johnson syndrome 367, 560, 572, 629, 629t, 630
Stimulation test 540
Stone formation, causes of 505b
Stork bites 34
Strabismus 641
Stratosphere sign 339
Streptococcus beta-haemolyticum 630
Streptococcus infection 563
Streptococcus pneumoniae 100, 127, 312, 328, 334, 486, 639
vaccination 361
Streptococcus pyogenes 316, 626
infection 88
Streptococcus viridans 486
Streptomycin 171
Stress
hyperinsulinism, perinatal 52
incontinence 515
Stroke 198
Strongyloides 27
stercoralis 27
Sturge-Weber syndrome 89
Subperiosteal abscesses 313
Substrate reduction therapy 610
Subunit virion vaccine 113
Succinyl-CoA transferase 244
Suckling blister 89
Sudden infant death syndrome 75
Sulfadiazine 69, 70, 157
Sulfamethoxazole 22, 23, 139, 141, 233, 286, 494, 626, 629
Sulfasalazine 273
Sulfonamides 273
Sulfosalicyclic acid test 497t
Sulthiame 367
Sumatriptan 194
Superior mesenteric artery 62, 198
Superior vena cava 60, 429, 658
margin of 658
Supraventricular tachycardia 452, 464, 465, 472, 473, 478
Surgery 214
indications of 648
Swelling around knee 645
Sydenham's chorea 389
treatment of 564
Syncopal attacks 485
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion 335, 377, 411
Synovial fluid 571
Synthesis, disorders of 241
Syphilis 11, 227
congenital 70, 71, 158, 159fc
diagnosis of 70
infection 70
serologic tests for 70
Systemic disorder, chronic 62
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 185
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis 545
rash of 553f
Systemic lupus erythematosus 11, 63, 262, 285, 415, 417, 496, 501, 510, 545, 554, 556, 558, 564, 602
activity index 557
pediatric 554
Systemic lupus international collaborating clinics 554, 557
Systemic therapy 618, 622, 626
Systemic vascular resistance 236, 426, 449
T
Tachyarrhythmias 456
Tachycardia 17
antidromic reciprocating 479f
orthodromic reciprocating 479f
Tachyphylaxis 54
Tachypnea, transient 63
Tachyzoites 68
Tacrolimus 250, 498
Taenia solium 381
Tamm-Horsfall protein 506
Tandem mass spectrometry 54, 92, 234, 594
Taper hydrocortisone 541
Tapeworm 27
Target cell 268, 269f
Tarsal coalition 644
Tashiro repair 457
Taussig-Bing anomaly 421
T-banding 593
T-cell
dependent response 101, 104
dysfunction 301
lymphoma, enteropathy-associated 201
receptor 288
Tectal plate hyperintensity 392
Teeth, congenital 35
Telbivudine 240
Temporomandibular joint 549
Tension pneumothorax 339, 341
Terbinafine 623
Testicular germ cell tumors 650
Testicular torsion, neonatal 36
Testis, undescended 53, 649
Tetanus 101, 134, 136, 180
generalized 135
immunoglobulin 134, 136, 137
mild 137
neonatal 136
severe 137
toxoid-conjugated vaccine 104
vaccine 134
Tetracycline 628
Tetralogy of Fallot 64, 415, 421, 427, 440, 440f, 481
Tetrathiomolybdate 393
Thalassemia 281, 301
major 281, 300, 303
nontransfusion-dependent 281
syndromes, spectrum of 281f
transfusion dependent 281
Thalidomide 378
Therapeutic hypothermia 58, 60, 61
mechanism of action of 59
side effects of 61
technique of 60
use of 59
Thioacetazone 172
Third-generation cephalosporin 335
Thoracic plombage 344
Thoracic spine 657
Thrombocytopenia 62, 86, 148, 176, 284, 429, 551, 555
amegakaryocytic 294
causes of 84
risk of 85
Thromboelastography 236
Thrombopoietin receptor agonists 295
Thrombosis 500
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 294, 545
Thumb sign 316
Thymine 592
serum 14
Thyroid
binding globulin 522
disorder 581
function test 465, 497, 510, 529, 547
stimulating hormone 283, 389, 521, 522, 536
Thyroxine 283, 522, 336
Tibial tubercle, apophysitis of 645
Tinea
capitis 622
inflammatory 622
noninflammatory 622
corporis 622
cruris 88, 622
faciei 622
incognito 622
infections 622
manuum 622
pedis 622
unguium 622
verrucosum 622
Tinidazoles 23
Tip-toe-walking 405
Tissue
cysts containing bradyzoites 68
dysmorphogenesis, types of 588fc
fragility 448
injury, mechanism of 629
studies 399
transglutaminase 192
Tizanidine 354
Tobramycin 637
Toe walking 645
Toluidine red unheated serum test 70
Tone abnormalities 60
Tongue tie 35
Tonic clonic seizures, generalized 369
Tonsillopharyngeal diphtheria 131
Tonsils 291
Topical antiallergic eye drops 640
Topical antibacterial cream 89
Topical gamma benzene hexachloride lotion 625
Topical immunomodulators, role of 619t
Topiramate 370, 505
Torsade de pointes 482
Torticollis, congenital 646
Total anomalous pulmonary venous
connection 421, 429, 464
return 421, 451
Total iron binding capacity 221, 268, 270, 271, 375
Total leukocyte count 496
Total parenteral nutrition 47, 60
Total plasma exchange 393
Toxic epidermal necrolysis 629, 629t, 630
Toxic metabolites, production of 55
Toxic shock syndrome 572
Toxoplasma 566
gondii 68
Toxoplasmosis 68, 84, 141, 156, 228, 306, 372, 399
congenital 157
Toxoplasmosis, other agents, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex 84, 349
infections 156, 157, 157t
general principles of 156
titers 157
Trachea 660
Tracheal wall, lateral view of 658
Tracheoesophageal fistula 78, 336, 655
Tracheomalacia 324
Transcobalamin
deficiency 273
receptor defects 273
Transesophageal echo 426, 442
Transfusion
monitoring chart 306
transmitted infections 306
Transient neonatal pustular melanosis 88, 89
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt 208, 217
Traumatic brain injury 371, 408, 410fc
Trematodes 27
Tremors 52, 395
Trichinella 27
Trichophyton 622
Trichuriasis 27
Tricuspid
atresia 419, 451
regurgitation 303, 464
valve 451
Ebstein anomaly of 464
Trientine 393
Triglycerides 525, 551
Triiodothyronine 522
Trimethoprim 22, 23, 139, 141, 233, 286, 289, 415, 494, 626, 629
Trismus 135
Trisomy 416, 591
Trivandrum development screening chart 81
Trophoblastic cells 602
Truncus arteriosus 416, 421, 464
persistent 452
Tube thoracostomy 340
Tubercular abscess 377
treatment of 379
Tubercular infection, primary spontaneous 376
Tubercular meningitis, drug-resistant 379
Tubercular vasculopathy 376
Tuberculin skin test 170, 376
Tuberculoid leprosy 173
Tuberculoma 376, 381t
Tuberculosis 68, 69, 168, 263, 324, 338, 376
abdominal 169
coinfection 172
congenital 68
control of 379
gastrointestinal 169
prevention of 379
preventive therapy 378, 379
pulmonary 169, 376
Wallgren's timetable of 168, 168t
Tuberous sclerosis 372
Tucson's Children Respiratory Study 324
Tumor
benign epithelial 247
necrosis factor 558, 629
nuclear factor alpha 552
Turner syndrome 416, 582, 591
T-wave 456
morphology, abnormal 483
Twin-twin transfusion 265
Typhidot test 141
Typhoid 104
conjugate vaccine 104
polysaccharide vaccine 105
severe 142t
uncomplicated 141t
vaccine 104, 142
Tyrosinemia 242
Tzanck smear 88, 89
U
Ultrasonography 48, 83, 192, 198, 221, 244, 253, 278, 283, 289, 332, 334, 339, 417, 493, 522, 551, 582, 641, 650
abnormal 510
Ultrasound 204, 515, 599, 604
abdominal 207
Umbilical artery, single 602
Umbilical polyp 90
Umbilical swelling 36
Unconsciousness 185
United States Food and Drug Administration 97, 144
Upper esophageal stricture 253
Upper gastrointestinal
bleeding 206, 208
endoscopy 197, 207
Upper respiratory tract 169
infection 312, 323, 385
Urea cycle defect 397
Ureteroscopy 508
retrograde 506
Urethral orifice, position of 539
Urethral valves, posterior 652
Uric acid 505
level 288
serum 243
Urinalysis 502, 555, 558
Urinary biomarkers 558
Urinary culture 48
Urinary ketone levels 54
Urinary solutes, normal values of 507t
Urinary tract infection 47, 192, 198, 361, 491, 491b, 493, 494, 505, 514, 516
recurrent 494, 506
Urine
alkalinization 508
analysis 507, 546
culture 497, 516
myoglobin measurement 405
output 41
protein 497
routine examination 487
Urolithiasis 505
management of 508
Ursodeoxycholic acid 205, 221, 222, 232
Urticaria 615
papular 151, 617
pathogenesis of 616
rash 17
V
Vaccination 106, 557, 572
Vagal stimulation 473
Vaginal bleeding 32, 34, 37
Vaginal discharge 32
Vaginal reflux 515
Valacyclovir 152, 407
Valganciclovir 158
Valproate 364, 389, 390
Valproic acid 415
Valve ablation 652
Valvulitis, echocardiographic 562
Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome 521, 523
Varicella 123, 125, 150, 151, 626
causative agent of 66
congenital 160
infection 66
perinatal 160
unusual complications of 151
vaccine 123, 124, 126, 499
contraindication of 151
zoster 227, 372, 406
immunoglobulin 160
virus 66, 123, 150, 156, 233, 328, 399
Vascular ring 324
Vasculitis 546
large-vessel 510
Venereal disease research laboratory test 70, 158
Ventricular assist device 467
Ventricular bigeminy 480
Ventricular cells 472
Ventricular fibrillation 482
Ventricular septal defect 148, 421, 425, 426, 440, 445, 447, 451, 464, 581, 602
Ventricular tachycardia 465, 473, 481
Verapamil 471
Vernal conjunctivitis 639
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis 639
Verocell rabies vaccine, purified 118
Very low birth weight 72, 102
Vesicoureteral reflux 493, 516
Vesicular fluid
culture of 66
Wright stain of 89
Vessel vasculitis 510
Vibrio cholerae 181
Vibrio parahaemolyticus 20
Video fluoroscopy 345
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery 333, 335, 340
Vimizim 609
Vincent's curtsy sign 513
Vincristine 289, 292
Viomycin 171
Viremia, maternal 66
Virilization, maternal 538
Vision 354
blurring of 642
loss of 641
screening 80
Vitamin
A
deficiency 12, 13
prophylaxis program 13
supplementation 144
A D capsules 9
deficiency, biochemical diagnosis of 275t
C
overdoses of 11
plasma level of 11
supplementation 11
urinary excretion of 11
D 7, 8
deficiency 7
dependent rickets 7
drops 9
injection 9
preparations 9
supplementation 560
K 59
levels 399
supplementation 245
Vitellointestinal duct 651
Voiding disorders 513
Voiding dysfunction 514, 515
treatment of 515
Volt age-gated potassium channel 398
Vomiting 197t
causes of 198t
persistent 177
recurrent 197
symptomatic treatment for 200, 200t
von Meyenburg complexes 248
von Willebrand disease 294
Voriconazole 301
W
Waldeyer's ring 291
Warm chain, concept of 56
Watery diarrhea, acute 15
Weak stream 513
Weil-Felix test 162, 163t
West syndrome 371
symptomatic 371
Wheezing 323
Whipple's triad 51
White blood cell 49, 259, 261, 274, 545
White cell count 394
White line of Frenkel 11
White pupillary reflex 640
Whole-virion vaccine 113
Widal test 141
modified 141
Williams syndrome 416
Wilson's disease 225, 227, 234, 241, 391, 394, 394t, 564
global assessment scale for 394
hepatic 393
neurological 394
Wilson's facies 394
Wimberger ring sign 11
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 300
Wolff-Parkinson-White 422, 478
Wolman disease 227, 242, 243f
World Health Organization 14, 180, 238, 264, 270, 323, 330t, 524, 558, 599, 632
Worm infestation 27
Wright stain 88, 89, 266, 266f, 267f
X
Xanthine stone 505
Xanthinuria 508
X-chromosome 400, 582
Xerophthalmic fundus 13
Xerosis 642
X-linked ataxia 399
X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy 400
X-linked disorders 600
X-ray 430
abdomen adrenal calcification 243f
chest 426, 442
kidneys, ureters, bladder 503, 506
knee joint 8
sinuses 386
wrist 8
Y
Yawns 38
Yersinia 20, 22
enterocolitica 20, 22
pestis 181
Z
Zagreb schedule 118
Zellweger syndrome 227, 243
Zidovudine 71, 285
therapy 273
Ziehl-Neelsen staining 173
Zinc 174, 393
deficiency 14
causes of 14
clinical manifestation of 14
dose schedule of 15b
preparations, overdoses of 15
role of 15
status, assessment of 14
sulfate 15
supplementation 100
Zonisamide 370, 505
Z-scores 570
×
Chapter Notes

Save Clear


1Triage
  1. Stabilization of a Sick Child in Emergency2

Stabilization of a Sick Child in EmergencyCHAPTER 1

AK Rawat
As soon as a sick child arrives in the emergency room, the immediate aim is to identify and treat any life-threatening condition to save life and prevent further deterioration. The process should be quick, sequential, and systematically performed in such a way that several signs are assessed and managed simultaneously by a team. The approach is simple ABCDs in this sequence.
 
STEP A: EXCLUDE CERVICAL SPINE INJURY AND MAINTAIN TEMPERATURE
Check: Airway and breathing.
  • If obstructed breathing due to complete obstruction by a foreign body is suspected. Begin:
    • Infants: Back slaps and chest thrusts
    • Post infancy: Heimlich maneuver
  • Not breathing and gasping and central pulse is felt
    • Action: Open airway and start bag and mask ventilation.
  • Not breathing/gasping and no central pulse is felt
    • Action:
      • Start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
      • Chest compression
      • Open airway
      • Start bag and mask ventilation.
      • Attach monitors and automated external defibrillator (AED)
      • Collect blood sample
      • Secure intravenous (IV) line
  • Central cyanosis
    • Action:
      • Ensure airways are open
      • Give oxygen.
      • Attach monitors.
  • Severe respiratory distress identified with any one of the following signs:
    • Labored or very fast breathing
    • Use of accessory muscles of respiration
    • Severe lower chest in-drawing
    • Head nodding with each breath
    • Inability to feed because of respiratory problem
    • Abnormal respiratory noises, e.g., stridor, grunting, marked wheezing
    • SPO2 < 90%
    • Action:
      • Ensure position and airways are open.
      • Give oxygen.
      • Start specific treatment, e.g., bronchodilators.
 
STEP B: CIRCULATION
  • Assess for shock.
  • Cold hands
  • Capillary refill time (CRT) ≥ 3 seconds
  • Weak and fast pulse
    (In infants >160 per minute; post infancy >140 per minute)
    • Action
      • Stop bleeding if any
      • Position head at level
      • Give oxygen
      • Keep warm
      • Secure IV line
      • Attach monitors
  • If not SAM (identified by visible severe wasting or bilateral pitting edema if Anthropometry could not done): Normal saline (NS) bolus and continuous monitoring
  • If severe acute malnutrition (SAM):
    • Give IV glucose
    • IV 0.45% saline + 5% dextrose 15 mL/kg in 1 hour
    • Assess continuously for volume overload after 1 hour decide further treatment.
 
STEP C: COMA/CONVULSION
Action:
  • Ensure airways are open.
  • Position to prevent aspiration.
  • Give oxygen.
  • Attach monitors.
  • Secure IV line, collect sample.
  • Correct hypoglycemia.
  • Give anticonvulsants if seizures continue.4
 
STEP D: DEHYDRATION
Severe in a case of acute watery diarrhea.
Any two signs:
  1. Lethargy
  2. Sunken eyes
  3. Very slow skin pinch
  • If child is not SAM: Secure IV line and begin rapid infusion of NS/Ringer's lactate (RL) according to plan C
  • If child is SAM:
    • No IV fluids unless shock is present
    • Give ORS orally/through nasogastric tube (NGT)
Further management after initial stabilization will depend on response to initial treatment, result of findings on monitors, investigation and imaging study results with continuous monitoring and modifying treatment accordingly.
SUGGESTED READING
  1. Guidelines: Updates on paediatric emergency triage, assessment and treatment: care of critically ill children, 2016. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data, ISBN 978 92 4 151021 9.
  1. Kliegman RM, St Geme J. Emergency medicine and critical care. In: Wright JL, Krug SE (eds). Nelson TB of Pediatrics, 21st edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier;  2019.