A
Abdomen, acute 217
Acanthosis nigricans 122
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor 151
Acid-fast bacilli 219
Activated partial thromboplastin time 350
external 187f
incidence of 190
internal 187f
investigations 186
locations of 187f
medical treatment 191
pathogenesis 185
phenotypes of 190
presentation 185
signs 185
superficial 186
surgical treatment 190
symptoms 185
Adenosine monophosphate 120
Adequate progesterone production 100
Adhesions 324
Advanced sperm selection methods 283
Alcoholism, chronic 378
Allis forceps 297
Alyce's forceps 270
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 340
American Fertility Society 340
Androstenedione 12
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 389
Anorexia 234
Antagonist-agonist protocol 71
Antibiotic therapy 256
Anticytokine effect 350
Antihistamine 256
Anti-inflammatory drugs 389
Antiphosphatidic acid 350
Antiphosphatidylcholine 350
Antiphosphatidylethanolamine 350
Antiphosphatidylglycerol 350
Antiphosphatidylinositol 350
Antiphosphatidylserine 350
Antiphospholipid antibodies 349
Antiserotonin agents 389
Antisperm antibodies 379
Antithrombin deficiency 353
Antithyroid antibody 351
Anxiety 2
Apoptosis 384
Apoptotic cell depletion 285
Arterial thrombosis 349
Artificial insemination 5
Ascitic fluid, autotransfusion of 258
Asepsis 297
Asoprisnil 214
Aspiration 202
Assisted hatching 325
Assisted reproductive technology 3, 10, 20, 36, 79, 90, 105, 137, 137b, 145, 156, 161, 191, 198, 202, 212, 221, 228, 250, 285, 308, 322, 330, 376, 380, 386, 400
gonadotropins in 70
natural cycle 250
protocols for 70
treatment in 81
Autocrine-paracrine mechanism 389
Azithromycin 331
Azoospermia factor 383
B
Bardet-Biedl syndrome 383
Basal body temperature chart 226
Beta-thalassemia 383
Bicarbonate 277
Binding buffer media 285
Biopsy, excisional 282
Bird's nest appearance 196
Blastomere number 374
Bologna criteria consensus 145
Bone morphogenetic protein 249
Bowel endometriosis 197f
C
Cabergoline 178
Calcium, intravenous 253
Cancer antigen 196
Cardiac failure 184
Carnitines 390
Carotenoids 393
Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test, GeneExpert of 219
Catheter types 300
Cavity, abdominopelvic 219
Central nervous system 179
Central venous pressure 256
Centrifuge machine 278
Cerebellar ataxia 383
Cervical
anomaly 341
aplasia 341
dysmenorrhea 49
encerclage 344
factor 263
counseling for 3
hostility 262
congenital 348
length 348
Cetrorelix 85
Chemotherapeutic agent 59
Chemotherapy 377
Cholesterol 195
Chromopertubation 315
Chromosomal translocation 383
Cilia, movements of 4
Citrate-phosphate dextrose anticoagulant 336
Cleavage-stage embryo grading 375t
Clinical touch method, ultrasound-guided instead of 299
Clomiphene citrate 9, 26, 46, 50–53, 56, 60, 63, 91, 124–126, 149, 157, 165, 233, 263, 269f, 332, 386, 387
antiestrogenic effects of 48
contraindications 47
dose of 47t
indications 46
luteal phase defect 46
mechanism of action 46
monitoring 48
resistant cases, metformin in 127
risks of 49
side effects 48
treatment
alternatives 50
regimes 47
Clonogenic cells 336
Color Doppler, use of 36
Computed tomographic scan 218
Controlled ovarian
Corpus luteal function 11
Cortex, adrenal 172
Corticotropin-releasing factor-beta 390
Cortisol 380
Craniosynostosis 49
Cryomyolysis 213
Cusco's speculum 270
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate 174
Cystectomy 202
Cytomegalovirus 349
Cytoplasmic maturation 138
D
Dandy-Walker malformation 49
D-chiro-inositol 128
Deficit hyperactivity disorder 78
Dehydroandrosterone 12
Density functional theory 384
Dextrose normal saline 257
Diethylstilboestrol, clinical significance of 343
Diluted russel viper venom test 350
Directly observed treatment, short course 221
Disrupted endometrial-myometrial junction 217
Donor insemination, counseling for 5
Doxycycline 331
Dual stimulation 148
Dysovulatory infertility 262
Dysuria 194
E
Earle's balanced salt solution 276
Ectopic endometrial glands 198
Ejaculation, disorders of 387
Ejaculator, transurethral resection of 399
Ejaculatory dysfunction 398
Ejaculatory failure 263
Elagolix 85
Electrophoretic system 288
Embryogenesis 49
Empiric therapy 387
Endocrinal tests 22
Endometria 95
Endometrial cells 326
Endometrial development 118
Endometrial fibroid 347f
Endometrial myometrial junction 329f
Endometrial polyp 347f
Endometrio-myometrial junction 96
clinical features 194
deep infiltrating 200f
deep penetrating 194
diagnosis 195
fertility index 201f
mild 200
mild-to-moderate 262
moderate 201
signs 194
surgical classification for 199f
ultrasound 195
Endometriotic patch 196
B-mode features of 95
echogenic
flecks in 217
inner layer of 217
measurement of 330
molecular study of 324
persistently thin 217
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test 380
Epithelial progenitor cells 336
Esophageal atresia 49
administration 149
level 249
replacement 110
supplementation 233
upregulates cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator 249
valerate 149
Estrone-3-glucuronide 224
European Society for Gynecological Endoscopy classification of
Müllerian duct abnormalities 342f
F
Failed artificial insemination 263
Fallopian tubes 216
Female fertility 104
Fertility
desiring females 20
drugs 127
effect on 190
preservation 138
treatment 14
advancement of 21
Fetal growth restriction 351
Fetal karyotyping, place of 356
Fibrinogen deficiency 354
Five-alpha reductase deficiency 383
Fluorescence in situ hybridization 322
Fluorodeoxyglucose 219
Follicle 110
development 13
less number of 38
matures 131
physiology of rupture of 268
pretrigger evaluation of 309
secretes 170
stimulation of 81
surface-rendered volume of 312f
total number of 306f
vocal calculated volume of 94f
volume calculation 311f
Follicle-stimulating hormone 8, 9, 21–24, 31, 37, 39, 46, 56, 63, 65f, 68, 78, 90, 104, 116, 118, 120, 125, 134, 145, 146, 151, 157, 161, 165, 173, 174, 181, 246, 264, 386, 388
receptor 249
Follicular development, maintenance of 129
Follicular diameter 266
Follicular dominance 43
Follicular flushing 294
Follicular immaturity 10
Follicular maturation 161
Follicular monitoring 308
Follicular number per ovary 303
Folliculogenesis 57
Follitropin alpha 67
Fothergill's surgery 263
Fragmentation 374
G
Gamete intrafallopian tube transfer 270
GeneExpert 219
Genital organs 216
Genital tract infections 387
Genuine empty follicle syndrome 166
Germ cell failure 16
Germinal vesicle 370
Gonadotropin 24, 38, 43, 51, 52, 59, 60, 63, 78, 80, 124, 125, 128, 129, 131, 147, 148, 150, 156, 158, 246, 264, 266, 386
bioactivity of 129
clomiphene combined with 157
consumption of 167
deficiency 72
demand of 63
exogenous 150
injection of 119
physiology 63
protocol, low-dose 250
agonist 10, 52, 78–80, 83, 108, 110, 111, 132, 146–148, 170, 199, 213, 228, 233, 234, 236, 239, 251, 252, 256, 266, 267, 332, 402
analog stimulation test 26
secretion 116
specific bioactivity of 129t
two-cell-two 72
different regimes of 64
indications of 64
principles of 64
H
Heart rate 254
Hegar's dilator 348
Hegar's test 348
Helicobacter pylori 349
Hematocrit 254
Hemizona and zona binding test 383
Hemochromatosis 383
Hemoglobin, high-glycated 362
Heparin 351
Hepatitis C 349
Herpes simplex 349
High pulsatility index 362
High-efficiency particulate air 369
High-intensity focused ultrasound 213
Humaidan's group administered 110
Human chorionic gonadotropin 36, 51, 59, 65f, 71, 81, 92, 94, 111, 118, 166, 170, 224, 225, 228, 237, 246, 250, 254, 264f, 265f, 332, 386, 388, 393
disadvantages of 232
reducing dose of 251
surge 106
timing of 266
Human embryonic stem cells 336
highly purified 69
Human serum albumin 275
Hyaluronan, microdots of 288f
Hyaluronidase binding assay 364
Hydrosalpinx 324
Hydrothorax 254
Hydroxyethyl starch 250
Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 173
Hyper androgenemia 122
Hyper homocysteinemia 354
Hyper plastic myometrium 185
causes of 177
diagnosis 178
drug induced 177
effect of 179
investigations 178
pathological 177
physiological 177
presentation 178
treatment 178
Hyperstimulation, risk of 10
medical therapy for 401
Hypohyperthyroidism 361
Hypoprolactinemia 234
Hypothalamic dysfunction 110
Hypothalamus, anterior 117
Hypothyroid 181
Hysterosalpingography 219
I
Immobile ciliary syndrome 383
Immunomodulators 326
Imperforate hymen 341
In vitro fertilization 2, 8, 13, 21, 29, 44, 59, 66, 84, 136, 146, 156, 217, 231, 250, 262, 274, 290, 323, 333, 356, 372f, 379, 385
conventional 372
cost 6
counseling for 6
cycles 44fc
disadvantages of 202
indications 6
ovulation induction in 60
results 6
role of 221
Inferior vena cava 248
Infertile female, investigations for 9
cases of 184
cervical factor of 3
immunological 263
long-term 4
backbone of 1
practice 4
relation to 199
severe male factor 6
surgical treatment for 200
Intensive care unit 255
Intrafollicular androgen 59
Intraovarian resistance index 37
Intrauterine contraceptive device 330
Intrauterine growth restriction 352
Intrauterine insemination 2, 10, 29, 44, 44fc, 47, 60, 131, 212, 232, 248, 262, 269, 269f, 274, 277, 383, 386
cannula 335
counseling for 5
indications of 262
ovulation induction with 202
single 269f
steps of 263
Intravenous hydroxyethyl starch solution 252
Invasive monitoring 256
Isolated testosterone deficiency 387
Ixaprep 280
L
L-acetylcarnitine 391
Laminar airflow 369
Laparotomy 221
Laser-assisted hatching 325
L-carnitine 391
Leiomyomas 207
challenge test 59
characteristics 57
indications 56
inhibits aromatase enzyme 56
replace 59
side effects 59
stimulated cycle 234
Leukocyte elastase 69
Leukorrhea 348
Leuprolide acetate 147
Levonorgestrel intrauterine contraceptive device 214
Liquid chromatography 69
Low attenuation necrotic lymph nodes 219
Lowenstein-Jensen medium 219
Lower progesterone level 171
Ludwig's protocol 82
Lump, abdominal 217
Lupus anticoagulant 350
Lupus antigen 349
Luteal phase estrogen pretreatment 85
Luteal phase physiology 224
Luteal phase starts 224
Luteinizing hormone 8, 29, 46, 56, 63, 84, 100, 104, 118, 122, 123, 134, 146, 150, 157, 161, 163–166, 173, 174, 183, 224, 250, 251, 266, 306, 386, 401
action of 161f
ceiling effect 72
disadvantage of 163
dose of 118
functionally and clinically 166
in ovulation induction
addition of 85
role of 161
in ovulation, physiology of 161
levels 162f
ratio 23
receptor 174
releasing hormone 57
rise of 162
role of 161
surge, functions of 104
therapeutic window of 162
Lymphokine-activated killer cell 225
M
Magnetic activated cell sorting 283
Male subfertility 262
Manchester's operation 348
Mantoux test 217
Maternal blocking antibody 358
Maternal immune suppression 358
Mature oocytes 137
Maximum implantation potential 300
Mechanical distortion 194
Mechanical partial zona dissection 325
Medroxyprogesterone acetate 85
Menopause, diagnosis of 9
Menstrual disorders, range of 183
Menstrual irregularities 181
Menstrual pattern 22
Menstruation 80
Mesenchymal stromal stem cells 336
Metabolic derangements 123
Metabolic function 15
after conception 127
and infertility 126b
during pregnancy 127
in PCOS, role of 128b
safety of 127
therapy 129
to gonadotropins, addition of 126
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 353
Metroplasty, hysteroscopic 344
Microfluidics 364
Micro-intraovarian endometriomas 198
Micropuncture technique 282
Microsurgical reconstruction 403
Midluteal serum progesterone 11
Midproliferative phase 217
Mifepristone 213
Mild stimulation, disadvantages of 158
Mixed gonadal dysgenesis 383
Mixed lymphocyte culture reactivity 358
Mock transfer 301
Modern rapid tests 219
Monitoring pregnancy 357
Mononuclear stem cells, subendometrial autologous stem cell transplantation of 336
Mosaic embryos 158
Motile spermatozoa, selection of 285
Müllerian hormone 79
Multiple follicles 81
Multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization 356
Mycoplasmas 360
Myometrial contractions 270
Myometrial reduction 190
Myotonic dystrophy 383
N
Narrow contracted endometrial cavity 217
Natural cycle, modified 157
Natural killer 334
Natural luteinizing hormone surge 104
Needle aspiration biopsy 404
Negative predictive value 196
Nonapoptotic spermatozoa, selection of 283
Noonan syndrome 383
Norethisterone 132
Normal postcoital test 3
O
Oligoanovulation, causes of 177
Oligoasthenospermia, antioxidants used for 390t
Oliguria 254
Omega-3 fatty acids 393
cumulus 370f
complex 371
insemination of 371
poor-quality 194
postmature 371
recovery 93
technique 294b
Open testicular biopsy 404
Oral dyhydrogestone 230
Oral progesterones 228
Outer myometrium 190
Ovarian antral and preantral follicles, quantity of 20
Ovarian blood flow 27
Ovarian cyst, large 47
Ovarian factors 216
Ovarian failure 135
Ovarian fimbria contracts 263
Ovarian function 181
Ovarian hilar resistance index 195
Ovarian hilus 195
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 10, 24, 41, 49, 72, 81, 105, 111, 117, 122, 126, 156, 165, 171, 232, 246, 255, 265, 294, 303
classification of 246
clinical pathology of 247fc
pathophysiology of 247
prediction of 248
prevention of 250
types of 246
Ovarian malignancy 135
Ovarian stromal blood flow 40
Ovary 216
baseline scan of 36
bilateral cystic enlargement of 247
three-dimensional
ultrasound-acquired volume of 305f
Ovulation 57
mechanism of induction of 56
physiology of 64
resumption of 124
stimulation 263
time of 263
Ovulation-inducing actions 46
Oxidative stress 384
P
Palm-Coein classification 208
Paracentesis, abdominal 258
Paracervical block 291
Parental genetics 322
Partial thromboplastin time 352
Pelvic lymph nodes 218
Pelvic mass 218
Penis 378
Percutaneous embolization technique 378
Perifollicular flow 269f
Perifollicular peak systolic velocity 266
Perifollicular resistance index 266
Perifollicular vascularity 92f
Phenol red 275
Phosphate buffer saline 336
Phosphatidyl serine 283
Physiological semen criteria 2
Piezo micromanipulation 325
Pioglitazone 128
Pirfenidone 214
Pituitary causes 116
Placental apoptosis, induction of 350
Pleurocentesis 258
Pneumonia 349
Polycarbophil 231
Polycystic kidney, autosomal dominant 383
Polycystic ovarian syndrome 28, 46, 57, 64, 82, 110, 116, 122, 123, 126, 137, 137b, 162, 163, 182, 234, 239, 248, 265, 303, 361, 363
endometrium of 58
luteinizing hormone in 165
ovulation induction in 122
treatment of 123
Polyvinylpyrrolidone 283
Poor endometrial development, causes 177
Poor oocyte quality 165
Poor pregnancy rates 52
Poor response, causes of 145
Postcoital test 3
Postmenopausal syndrome 49
Postprocedure ovarian failure 134
Prader-Willi syndrome 383
Precocious puberty 81
Predominant hemorrhage 190
Pregenetic screening 323
Pregestational metformin 127
Pregnancy-induced hypertension 351
Pregnanediol 3-alpha glucuronide 224
Preovarian block 291
Preovulation luteinizing hormone 224
Preovulatory cervical mucus 3
Preovulatory endometrium, ultrasound features of 95
Preterm deliveries 181
Pretransfer ultrasound 297
Primary genital tuberculosis 216
Primary testicular failure 401
Progesterone 11, 36, 82, 106, 100, 108, 110, 132, 161, 171, 172, 173fc, 174, 175fc, 199, 224, 228, 238
combinations 231
concentration 107
correlation of 100
function of 225fc
gel 230
high 173
injectable 228
long-term use of 332
on oocyte and endometrium, effect of 173
preparations 228
production of 225fc
progressive diffusion of 229f
reaches 106
resistance 239
rise 171
rescue strategies for 174
role of 224b
secretion 107
role of 362
vaginal effervescent tablets 230
Progestins 214
Prophylactic low molecular weight heparin 355
Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor 256
Prothrombin G mutations 353
Protocol exploits 70
Puberty, number of 377
Pulmonary artery pressure assessment 256
Pump-regulated embryo-transfer 301
Puresperm 280
Pyelography, intravenous 343
Pyridostigmine 151
R
Randomized controlled trial 264
Rapid eye movement 177
Recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin 118
Rectosigmoid deep penetrating endometriosis 196
Red Indian head sign 197f
Relugolix 85
Renal failure 255
Reproduction technology 37
Reproductive failure, mechanism of 350
Requires intensive care unit support 247
Resistance index 265f
Resistant ovary syndrome 138
Respiratory rate 254
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 219
Revised National TB Control Programme 221
Rosiglitazone 128
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists 340
Rubella 349
Rubin's test 2
Ruptured cyst, surgery for 258
Ruptured membranes, history of 348
S
Saline infusion
salpingography, three-dimensional power Doppler acquisition of 316
sonography 315
sonohysterography 341
Scandinavian method 280
Scanty ovarian stromal flow 39f
Scanty secretory endometrial flow 227f
Scottish unexplained infertility trial 264
Scrotal ultrasound 380
Scrotum 378
Secretory endometrial flow, normal 227f
Secretory endometrium 101f
Secretory phase assessment 99
Selective estrogen receptor modulator 214
Selective progesterone receptor modulator 214
Self-prepared medium 276
Semen 274
computer-assisted 379
counseling for 2
parameters, normal 378t
sample 274
collection of 274
Seminal vesicle 400
Septate cervix 341
Serological tests 219
Sertoli cell syndrome 383
Serum
anti-müllerian hormone 13
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate 12
estradiol 23
value of 12
thyroid-stimulating hormone 178
Short-term intrauterine devices 326
Sickle cell anemia 383
Sim's speculum 297
Simple washing 275
Skin infections 349
Small follicles 80
Social stigma 1
Society of Assisted Reproductive Treatment 21
Sonographic-based automated volume calculation 305f
Sonosalpingography 5
Spatiotemporal image correlation 315
Special semen tests 383
Sperm
acrosome reaction test 383
aneuploidy 364
chromatin structure assay 384
head birefringence 287
membrane integrity test 383
morphology 379
mucous penetration test 383
normal 379
nucleus integrity test 383
penetration test 383
methods 275
composition of 275
retrieval technique 403
wash medium 285
Spermatogenesis 384
SpermGrad 280
Spontaneous miscarriage 98
Static tests 22
Step-down protocol 264
Steroidogenesis 150
Steroidogenic acute regulatory 224
Stillbirth, unexplained 181
Stimulate follicular estradiol 46
Streptomycin 276
Streptopenicillin 276
Stromal cells 133
Stromal density, assessment of 36
Stromal edema 247
Stromal peak systolic velocity 248
Stromal vessels resistance index 248
Subclinical hyperthyroidism 183
Subcutaneous injections 70
Subfertile male, evaluation of 377
Submucous myomas 347
Suboptimal responders 109
Subserous fibroids 209
Subtle hormonal deficiencies 263
Superovulation 263
Supraphysiological estrogen, decreased 59
Surrogate luteinizing hormone surge, indications of 105
Synthetic progesterones 231
Synthetic serum replacement 275
Systemic lupus erythematosus 352
T
Testicular biopsy, indications of 403
Testicular volume, normal 399
Theca cells 161
Three-dimensional
hysterocontrast sonosalpingography, advantages of 317
hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography volumes 317f
Thrombocytopenia 349
Thromboelastography 353
Thromboembolism 257
Thrombosis 350
Thyroiditis, autoimmune 17
Total intravenous anesthesia 291
Total oxyradical scavenging capacity 392
Toxoplasmosis 349
Traditional Chinese herbal medicine 393
Transient hyperprolactinemia 179
Transvaginal hydrolaparoscopic drilling 135
Transvaginal ultrasonography 188
Transvaginal ultrasound 293f
Transverse vaginal septum 341
Trigger oocyte maturation 104
Trigger, type of 93
Tubal ligation 5
Tubal patency assessment 315
Tuberculin test 217
Tuberculous endometritis 331
Tuboplasty 222
Tumor, adrenal 12
Turner syndrome 145
Tyrode's solution 325
U
Unexplained infertility 262
Unhealthy endometrium 96
Unilateral cervical aplasia 341
United States Food and Drug Administration 348
Urinary tract infection 349
Urine output 254
Usher syndrome 383
Uterine adenomyosis 185
Uterine anomaly 341
Uterine cavity 317
Uterine natural killer 352
Uterine rupture 191
Uterocervical length 269
V
Vaginal absorption 230f
Vaginal anomaly 341
Vaginal aplasia 341
Vaginal discharge, abnormal 217
Vaginal oocyte retrieval 111
Vaginal suppositories 229
Vaginosis, bacterial 360
Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 350
Vascularization index 265f
Vasoepididymostomy 403
Ventricular septal defect 49
Visual scotomata 49
Vulva 216