The aim of this study is to assess the incidence of tonsillomycosis in chronic tonsillitis on histopathological basis post-tonsillectomy in children.

Cohort study.

Level II.

Ter tiary University Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology.

This study included 75 cases of children suffering from chronic tonsillitis (43 females and 32 males). On assessment of the clinical condition of the children with history taking, clinical examination, and preoperative investigation, post-tonsillectomy tonsils are placed in a separate container in 10% formol saline, and then are sent for histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid–Schiff (PAC).

The obtained result had 31.3% of tonsils (47/150) with histopathological evidence of fungal invasion of tonsillar tissue with immune reaction and the presence of chronic inflammatory cells. After statistical analysis of the collected crude data, we found that results have come in accordance with previous studies.

Tonsillomycosis is a cause of chronic tonsillitis. Haphazard use of antibiotics and dental caries has a significant predisposing role in tonsillomycosis. Neutropenia can be considered as an indicator for tonsillomycosis. It is considerable in hypertrophic tonsils.

Nasr WF, Sorour SS, Mobasher MK, Abd El Aziz HR. Chronic Tonsillitis: A Recent Histopathological Study. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):1-5.

Complete branchial fistulae are rare anomalies of the branchial cleft apparatus. Incomplete fistulae occur more commonly and may be completely asymptomatic. They are often neglected as they do not lead to recurrent infection, while complete branchial fistula have persistent symptom of discharge. The branchial fistula very rarely has two openings. Usually, a thin membrane covering the internal opening is present even if both ends are patent. Demonstration of a complete branchial fistula on imaging studies is also very uncommon. This is a study of five cases of complete second branchial fistulae, which were diagnosed and treated surgically in a tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of 3 years. The case study also make special emphasis on preoperative imaging for the confirmation of diagnosis and for appropriate surgical approach for complete excision of fistulous tract in order to minimize the recurrence as the revision second-look surgery in neck region is usually difficult.

Bist SS, Purohit K, Agarwal V, Bharti B, Monga U. Complete Second Branchial Fistula: Diagnostic Imaging and Surgical Aspects. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):6-10.

Making a protocol is a must to overcome the controversy of doing routine histopathological examination of tonsillectomy specimen.

Histopathological report of 100 consecutive tonsillectomy specimens that reached the pathology department of Saveetha Medical College was analyzed.

Histological examination of the 154 pediatric tonsils showed reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in all the patients. One specimen had a small cartilaginous choristoma. In the 46 adult tonsils, there were two lymphoma, one extensive osteocartilaginous choristoma, and one epidermoid cyst of tonsil.

As the histopathological examination in the pediatric group did not reveal any finding, it can be done only in patients with risk factors. The adult group showed two cases of Hodgkins lymphoma, one epidermoid cyst of tonsil and one osteocartilaginous choristoma tonsil. Hence, we suggest to continue the practice of routine histopathological analysis in adults.

We suggest continuing the practice of routine histopathological examination of all adult tonsillectomy specimens.

Shoba K, Harikumar B, Jayaganesh P, Srinivasan K. Routine Histopathological Analysis of Pediatric and Adult Tonsils. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):11-12.

This study was conducted to evaluate the demographic profile, clinicopathological features, and surgical approaches used to treat primary parapharyngeal space tumors.

This was a retrospective study of the primary parapharyngeal space tumors treated surgically from April 2012 to March 2015 in a tertiary care teaching center. The study population included 16 cases. The inflammatory lesions and secondary metastasis in parapharyngeal space were excluded. The clinicopathological features, surgical management, and outcome of all the cases were analyzed.

The gender distribution was 56.2% males and 43.7% females. The median age was 38 years with range from 16 to 62 years. The most common presenting symptom was neck swelling in 87.5% cases, and oropharyngeal bulge was the most common examination finding in 100% cases. Magnetic resonance image was done in 87.5% cases and contrast computed tomography (CT) scan in 31.25% cases, while 25% cases underwent both. The tumor was in the pre-styloid compartment in 62.5% cases and post-styloid in 31.25% cases. In 75% cases, cytology was done directly, while in 25% cases, CT–guided cytology was performed. Cytological diagnosis was histologically correlated in 81.2% cases while changed in 18.7% cases. On histology, 87.5% cases were benign and 12.5% were malignant. The most common histological variant was pleomorphic adenoma in 56.25% cases. The most common surgical approach used was transcervical in 75% cases. Mean tumor size was 7 cm. Complications occurred in 12.5% cases.

Imaging modalities in combination with fine needle aspiration cytology are a very good diagnostic tool before planning for intervention. The transcervical approach is an excellent technique to deal with small to moderate-size tumors and even for large well-defined tumors.

Bist SS, Kumar L, Agarwal V, Shirazi N, Luthra M. A Study of Primary Parapharyngeal Space Tumors in a Tertiary Care Center. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):13-17.

Chanvimalueng W. Comparison of Outpatient Harmonic Scalpel Tonsillectomy and Traditional Tonsillectomy in Sleep Disordered Breathing. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):18-21

This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the drug tranexamic acid administered preoperatively in controlling the bleeding during tonsillectomy intraoperatively.

A total of 50 patients who underwent tonsillectomy were randomized into two groups. Group I (study group): Intravenous tranexamic acid was given with dose of 10 mg/kg. Group II (control group): Tranexamic acid injection was not given. Intraoperative amount of bleeding was assessed in each case.

The study group had significant reduction in bleeding and the p-value was <0.05, which was statistically significant, when compared to control group. There were no side effects of the drug observed.

Single intravenous dose of tranexamic acid at a dose of 10 mg/kg preoperatively is effective in control of tonsillectomy bleeding.

Santosh UP, Prashanth KB, Abhilash S. A Comparative Study to verify the Efficacy of Preoperative Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Control of Tonsillectomy Bleeding. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):22-25.

Singh CA, Hota A, Gupta MP, Yadav V, Jat B. Suprastructure Maxillary Swing for JNA: A Novel Approach to avoid Complication. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):26-28.

Hameed PSS, Arora N, Malhotra V. Palatal Schwannoma: A Rare Case Report. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):29-31.

Yogee AN, Choudhary R, Mathur N, Bhuie HS. Myoepithelioma of Soft Palate: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):32-34.

Ashish G, Mathew GA, Parmar H. Schwannoma of Posterior Pharyngeal Wall: An Unusual Tumor in an Unusual Location! Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):35-37.

Salimov A, Suslu AE, Ozer S, Yilmaz T, Bajin HIY. Unusual Location for Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: Basisphenoid extended to Parapharyngeal Space. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):38-40.

Mishra I, Karjodkar F, Sansare K, Prakash N, Dora A, Goyal S. Glossal Abscess: An Unusual Presentation. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):41-44.