Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is carbohydrate intolerance of various degrees occurring or being observed during pregnancy for the first time. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between periodontal health and GDM, which is one of the most important medical complications of pregnancy.

One hundred and sixty-five pregnant women, 80 healthy and 85 with gestational diabetes, between the ages of 18 and 30, with a mean age of 25.85 ± 2.96 were included in the study. It was first pregnancy of all individuals and none of them received periodontal treatment 6 months prior to the study.

Clinical evaluations were made by using plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing (BOP) index.

The results of our study revealed that, compared to healthy pregnant women, the values of body mass index, weight, GI and BOP were significantly higher for women with GDM.

Bagis N, Bostanci HS. The Relationship between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Health: A Case-control Study. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(2):71-75.

The objective of the study is to evaluate temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders in young Saudi patients in Southern Aseer Region of the province and to find out the diagnostic efficacy of conventional radiography as basic diagnostic tool.

A random sample of 200 patient radiographic data was collected in which 60 radiographs showing osseous changes are taken as study group. The patients in this study group are then recalled for clinical correlation of the radiographic findings along with the assessment of clinical signs and symptoms, sticking on to the research diagnostic criteria.

There was no statistical difference in age groups and gender of the population and 14 patients (21.87%) showed clinical symptoms like clicking and pain in the preauricular region, correlating to the radiographic findings. mostly young female patients reported to have TMJ related symptoms (29.68%) whose radiographic findings correlate with that of clinical symptoms.

According to our knowledge, highest prevalence rate of TMDs is found in young Saudi females and is around 43% and 35% in young Saudi males. The sensitivity of conventional radiographs in diagnosing TMDs is 78.12% and specificity is 21.8%.

Kaleem SM, Sheik A, Ajmal M, Hameed MS, Luqman M. Conventional Radiographic Assessment of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in Young Saudi Patients: A Retrospective and Prospective Radiographic Study. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(2):76-81.

Providing complete oral health care for pregnant women is essential. Purpose of this study was to determine the periodontal diseases in pregnant and nonpregnant women in United Arab Emirates (UAE).

A cross-sectional study was carried out in UAE. The sample consisted of two groups of women resident in UAE were selected, one pregnant (mean age 28 years) and nonpregnant (mean age of 23 years). The questionnaires which include personal information, habit, medical and dental history were distributed among women attending the outpatient clinics of Iranian Hospital Dubai and Fujairah AUST Campus. In periodontal chart debris and calculus score for teeth #16, 11, 26, 46, 31, 36 were recorded and simplified oral hygiene index was determined. The periodontal parameters like bleeding on probing and loss of attachment of same teeth were independently checked and recorded.

Based on the findings over the questionnaires that were distributed between two groups of 80 volunteers one pregnant and nonpregnant woman, bleeding on probing and loss of attachment is seen more in pregnant women (p = 0.00).

There was a significant difference between the periodontal status between pregnant and nonpregnant women in UAE. Thus, pregnant women are more in danger of periodontal diseases and they need more dental care and preventive dentistry programs.

Taheri JB, Azimi S, Mathew A, Pishgahi M. Comparison of Periodontal Status between Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(2):82-85.

To evaluate the distribution of bacteria in teeth with pulp necrosis and apical granuloma.

Thirty-two extracted teeth with pulp necrosis and apical granulomas and 16 cases of isolated apical granulomas were sectioned and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Brown-Brenn staining for microscopic evaluation. The specimens were observed as to the location and distribution of bacteria involved in the process of pulp necrosis and their relationship with the periapical tooth structures and soft tissues.

Stainable Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were found in the entire root canal system. Bacterial biofilms were detected in 81.2% of cementum root canal, 46.8% in apical delta, 65.6% at the apical surface and 79.2% of the granulomas above all the specimens. Bacteria and bacterial biofilms were present in the entire root canal system of the infected teeth with apical granulomas.

Our findings suggest that bacterial infections can reach inaccessible areas to instrumentation.

Ribeiro FC, Consolaro A, Pinheiro TN. Bacterial Distribution in Teeth with Pulp Necrosis and Apical Granuloma. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(2):86-91.

Adhesion can be influenced by adhesives spreading. Both slow and fast spreading can be deleterious as they can respectively lead adhesive to partially cover the demineralized substrate or to accumulate on line angles of cavity preparations. Since brands of dentin bonding systems present distinct compositions and thus different behaviors its important to know how fast they spread over dental substrates. The purpose is to determine the influence of surface inclinations on the spreading velocity of simplified adhesive systems.

Spreading velocities of adhesive systems (Adper Single Bond, Adper Single Bond Plus, Adper Prompt, Prime and Bond 2.1, Prime and Bond NT, One-Up Bond F) were measured on glass slide surfaces inclined at 45° and 90°. The spreading of each drop was observed at a 30 seconds interval. Data was recorded and the values obtained at 30 seconds were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) tests (α = 0.05).

The type of adhesive system and the angle of inclination influenced spreading velocity (p < 0.05). Adper Single Bond Plus and One-Up Bond F exhibited the lowest spreading velocities of all materials tested (p < 0.01). Adhesives spreading were similar on surfaces inclined 45° and 90°, except for Adper Single Bond Plus which spread faster and Prime and Bond NT that spread slower on 90° angled surfaces (p < 0.01).

The materials tested showed complex spreading patterns since the spreading velocities changed only when some specific material/inclination combinations where tested.

Pazinatto FB, de Castro FLA, Saini R, Atta MT. Influence of Surface Inclination on the Spreading Velocity of Simplified Adhesive Systems. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(2):92-97.

The present study to assess and compare the clinical and antimicrobial effects of sodium chlorite based toothpaste and mouthwash in periodontitis patients along with combination of nutritional dietary supplement of CoQ10 with conventional based toothpaste and mouthwash without sodium chlorite.

A total 100 generalized chronic periodontitis patient between the ages of 18 and 55 years were enrolled in the study and divided under four categories. Clinical and microbiological parameters were recorded prior to phase 1 therapy; and subjects were put on different oral hygiene regime with chlorine dioxide based and conventional dentifrice and mouthrinse. CoQ10 was also provided in both the groups as nutritional dietary supplement. At 2nd and 4th month post-phase 1 therapy subjects were re-evaluated.

The results of this study showed that there was significant decrease in clinical, and microbiological parameters from baseline to 4 months in both the groups (p < 0.01). The subjects under groups using sodium chlorite based toothpaste and mouthwash with dietary supplement of CoQ10 showed a highly significant reduction to all the parameters as compared to subjects under groups using a conventional dentifrice and mouthrinse.

Thus, we can conclude that long-term regular use of chlorine dioxide based products along with nutritional supplement of CoQ10 is more beneficial than conventional toothpaste and mouthrinse.

Mani S, Mani A, Saini R. Clinical and Microbiological Evaluation of Chlorine Dioxide Based Mouthwash and Toothpaste in Periodontitis Patients along with Combination of Nutritional Dietary Supplement of CoQ10. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(2):98-103.

Although there is evidence that covering teeth by parts of a denture may damage teeth and the periodontium, the lingual plate is still common in clinical practice in many countries. The aim of this study was to compare the lingual plate and lingual bar type major connectors in the lower jaw as reflected in the literature.

A literature search was carried out in PubMed for articles focusing on the possible effects of lingual plate major connector on the oral environment. Case and technical reports were excluded.

The lingual plate which covers the soft tissues of the periodontium and the hard tissues of teeth results in increased plaque accumulation, development of caries and gingivitis, which in turn results in periodontal breakdown. The lingual plate functions as a barrier to saliva circulation, decreasing selfcleaning of teeth on the covered surfaces. Wearing a linguoplate denture increases the likelihood of halitosis, corrosion and metallic taste. Patients have to wear a large volume of metal, which may cause difficulties in speech and may impair touch and form perception. The lingual plate may not satisfy the patient's esthetic expectations either. These issues are uncharacteristic for the use of lingual bar connector for removable partial denture.

A lingual bar should always be used in the lower removable partial denture, thus providing a hygienic denture design, comfort and esthetic appearance.

Radnai M, Saini R, Gorzo I. Removable Partial Denture with Bar or Plate: How should We Decide? Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(2):104-109.

Yooprasert P, Siribamrungwong M. Interrelationship between Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Diseases. J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(2):110-117.

Chhabra S, Chhabra N, Vaid P. Platelet Concentrates: A New Alternative to Bone Regeneration. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(2):118-121.

Taffarel IP, Tessarollo FR, Canestraro D, Tanaka OM, Pithon MM. Extraction of Three Premolars and One Implant to Reduce Bimaxillary Protrusion in an Adult Patient. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(2):122-126.

Bagi MA, Bokhari K, Al Nager M, Basheer SA, Assiri MAM. Cemento-ossifying Fibroma Involving Mandible. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(2):127-129.

Khurana P, Talwar M, Singhal KK. Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia in Two Siblings with Missing Teeth: A Dental Perspective. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013; 2(2):130-133.

Yuan-Chieh C, Jian-Hong YU, Ya-Yu T, Chien-Chih YU. ISW for the Treatment of Adult Facial Asymmetry and Tooth Crowding. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(2):134-138.

Saini R, Pazinatto FB, Radnai M. Diode Laser: An Ideal Option for Treatment of Gingival Hyperpigmentation. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(2): 139-140.