Eshghpour M, Danesh Sani SA. Electromyographic Analysis of Masseter Muscle after Surgical Correction of Mandibular Prognathism. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):121-124.

Saler SS, Saler PS, Desai W. Nonoccupational Hearing Loss: A Gift of Urbanization. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):125-126.

In otology, a wide variety of devices are used that have significant noise output, both operated ear and the patient. We aimed to determine hearing damages due to drill-generated acoustic trauma in ear surgery. We want to find how degree drill-generated acoustic trauma is responsible from sensorineural hearing loss in ear surgery.

We designed a retrospective study about 100 patients who underwent radical or modiphied radical mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty. The audiometric testing was done both pre and postoperatively to detect any significant hearing loss in the immediate postoperative period. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon sign and Mann-Whitney U tests. This study proposes that hearing loss is caused by drill noise conducted to the operated ear by vibrations of temporal bone.

A sensorineural hearing loss soon after mastoid surgery is seen due to the noise generated by the drill. Mean pure-tone thresholds obtained was significantly more in mastoidectomy applied patients when compared to tympanoplasty . Mean bone conduction (BC) hearing levels impaired 6,6 dB in 1 kHz, 5.5 dB in 0.5 kHz, 5 dB in 4.kHz and 3.1 dB in 2 kHz in mastoidectomy groups but improved 5.5 dB in 0.5 kHz, 2.2 dB in 1 kHz, 2.7 dB in 2 kHz in tympanoplasty groups. Statistically significant differences were observed at the 0.5-1 and 4 kHz frequencies pre and postoperative in the hearing thresholds of BC changing in mastoidectomy group, however, the averages of ranks of all pre and postoperative measurement of hearing levels show differences between mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty groups was significant in statistically at independent groups (p < 0.05).

We conclude that drill-generated noise during mastoid surgery has been incriminated as a cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Drilling during mastoid surgery may result in temporary or permanent noise-induced hearing loss. Possible noise disturbance to the inner ear can only be avoided by minimizing the duration of harmful noise exposure and carefull using burr to near the cochlear structures.

Paksoy M, Sanli A, Hardal U, Kibar S, Altin G, Erdogan BA, Bekmez ZE. How Drill-Generated Acoustic Trauma effects Hearing Functions in an Ear Surgery? Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):127-132.

This study is aimed to determine the efficacy of temporalis muscle and fascia flap in the treatment of unilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis in adults. Treatment of TMJ ankylosis has been a topic of debate and the treatment options are multidimensional. Achieving good postoperative mouth opening and functional and cosmetic outcomes of surgery, depends on the method of reconstruction. The need of study is to give the best possible solutions with minimal morbidity to the underlying deformity.

A retrospective study was done on 51 patients to evaluate the postoperative results for unilateral TMJ ankylosis. Parameters such as etiology, postoperative mouth opening on 1st, 2nd, 6th week and 6 months and intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. The operative protocol for unilateral TMJ ankylosis entailed: (1) Resection of the ankylotic mass, (2) intraoral ipsilateral coronoidectomy, (3) contralateral coronoidectomy when necessary, (4) interpositional tissue transfer to the TMJ with temporalis muscle and fascia flap, (5) maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) and (6) early mobilization and aggressive physiotherapy.

The results were encouraging and functional results of interpositional arthroplasty were satisfying with minimal complications. Early postoperative initial aggressive exercise, physiotherapy, and strict follow-up play an important role in preventing postoperative adhesions.

The findings of this study support the use of temporalis muscle and fascia flap in adult patients with unilateral TMJ ankylosis.

Mishra S, Tripathy R, Sabhlok S, Roy R. Management of Adult Unilateral TMJ Ankylosis with Temporalis Muscle and Fascia Flap: Review of 51 Cases. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):133-136.

To find out efficacy and benefits of early intervention of coma arousal therapy on coma patients after sustaining traumatic head injury.

Thirty comatose patients with traumatic head injury were systematic randomly selected. Both experimental group and control group were having 15 patients each. Patients in experimental group were given coma arousal therapy while those in control group did not receive any coma arousal therapy. Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and coma recovery scale (CRS) were assessed before and after 1 and 2 weeks protocol.

The independent t-test was used for between the group data analysis. Repeated measure ANOVA and post hoc paired t-test were used in within the group analysis. Group A, mean of GCS on 1st, 7th and 14th day of coma arousal therapy was 3.93 (±1.09), 6.33 (±1.04) and 8.46 (±0.91) respectively and for Group B was 3.93 (±1.27), 4.80 (±1.26) and 5.93 (±1.94) respectively, which showed significant improvement (p < 0.05). Group A, mean of CRS on 1st, 7th and 14th day of coma arousal therapy was 2.06 (±1.03), 4.86 (±1.24) and 9.66 (±1.83) respectively and for Group B was 2.33 (±1.11), 2.93 (±1.09) and 4.73 (±2.18) respectively, which showed significant improvement (p < 0.05). When compared between the groups, experimental group showed significant improvement.

This is concluded from the result of this study that coma arousal therapy is having significant effect on GCS and CRS in traumatic head injury patients when compared to the patients who did not receive coma arousal therapy.

Mandeep, Kumar P. Effectiveness of Early Intervention of Coma Arousal Therapy in Traumatic Head Injury Patients. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3): 137-142.

India constitutes more than 80% of population from the villages and are not only socially and economically deprived but also do not get medical facilities compared to small towns and cities. Newspaper says India is fastest developing country, but, in respect to medical service to her citizens at rural level, it is nil. Now, oral cavity cancer is 3rd commonest cancer, which is seen commonly in village people in both sexes. We reviewed the past studies on oral cancer and the same is compared with the present trend.

Oral cancer biopsies secured 29.54% among all malignant biopsies. Male to female ratio is 1:1. Majority of patients (38.5%) got oral cancer in 4th decade, followed by 35.2% patients in 3rd decade. Buccal mucosa (57.5%) was the commonest site, followed by tongue (24.2%). Gutkha (the smokeless tobacco) is commonest cause for this cancer.

Apart from chewing habits, illiteracy, poverty, low caloric diet and nonavailability of free medical facility is the cause for rise in oral cancer incidences.

Ramachandra NB. The Hierarchy of Oral Cancer in India. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):143-146.

Neo-ostium cicatrization and closure is considered a major factor for surgical failure in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EnDCR). Wide neo-ostium, mucosal flaps, sac marsupialization with primary healing and silicone tube stent improves surgical outcomes of EnDCR.

EnDCR were done in 238 patients. Group A included 172 patients where no stents were used and group B included 66 patients where silicon tube stents were used. All the surgeries were done under general anesthesia.

In our study, 89.53% success in syringing patency was seen in group A, 89.39% success in syringing patency was seen in group B at 6 months of follow-up. No significant difference in success rate were seen in the two study groups.

No significant difference in EnDCR success rates were seen with the use of stents in our study. So stenting probing and dilatation are not advocated routinely in all cases and a wide neo-ostium with mucosal flaps and primary healing is the secret to success.

Naik SM, Mushannavar AS, Ravishankara S, Appaji MK, Goutham MK, Devi NP, Naik SS. Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy done with and without Silicon Tube Stents: A Comparative Case Series Analysis Study. Int J Head Neck Surg 2012;3(3):147-153.

Pagare SS, Singhi R, Vahanwala S Nayak CD. Rationale in Usage of Immunomodulators for Management of Head, Face and Neck Cancers. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):154-157.

Joseph ST, Moiyadi AV, Nair DR, Pawar PV, Pai PS. Special Considerations in Esthesioneuroblastoma of Sphenoclival Region. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):158-162.

Qazi SM, Iqbal I, Mirza A, Ali I, Sheetal. Sinonasal Verrucous Carcinoma. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):163-164.

Erdogan BA, Sekercan O, Bora F, Altin G, Paksoy M, Koca SB. A Rare Neck Mass: Extraskeletal Ewing's Sarcoma. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):165-167.

Veerabhadraiah P, Rao V, Shankar R, Shivappa N, Kumar P, Nagaraj TM. Dysphagia caused by Anterior Cervical Osteophyte: A Rare Entity Revisited. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):168-171.

Malik S, Singh V, Singh G, Dahiya N. Central Giant Cell Granuloma of the Mandible: A Rare Presentation. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):172-174.

Kulkarni AS, Karnik P, Nataraj U. Balloon Dilatation of Recurrent Post-treatment Short Segment Subglottic Stenosis by Airway Balloon in an Adult. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):175-178.

Naik KM. Redefining Anatomy in a Case of Midline Subhyoid Ectopic Thyroid. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):179-181.

Gangaraj S, Gowda C. Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Nasal Vestibule: A Rare Case. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):182-183.

Mohan A, Kumar S, Kumar U. Atypical Presentation as Unilateral Renal and Soft Tissue Metastases from Follicular Carcinoma Thyroid. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):184-186.