Pai PJ, Sahoo P, Kumar P. New Insights into Infertility Associated with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(2):43-50.

The literature regarding AMH was searched from various English language journals and published peer-reviewed articles on Pubmed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar till 2014.

Kumar N, Singh AK. Role of Antimüllerian Hormone in Gynecology: A Review of Literature. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(2):51-61.

Fetal deterioration has been known as a result of acute or chronic disturbances in the system of ‘motherplacenta- fetus’. Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a maternal gestational disease caused by abnormal placentation that could provoke fetal distress.

The aim of the investigation was to survey the accuracy of fetal distress diagnostics in case of traditional cardiotocography (CTG) waveform evaluation and electrocardiography (ECG) parameters analysis obtained from maternal abdominal signal before and during labor in pre-eclamptic patients.

One hundred and thirty-nine pregnant ladies at 32 to 40 weeks of gestation were enrolled in the study. There were 30 women with physiological pregnancy and normal fetal condition according to hemodynamic Doppler values and fetal ECG parameters in group I. In group II, 64 patients with mild and moderate PE were involved whom were performed fetal ECG noninvasive monitoring and hemodynamic Doppler. In group III, 45 patients with severe PE were monitored with fetal noninvasive ECG and hemodynamic Doppler.

It was determined that fetal autonomic tone was suppressed with the relative increase of low frequency branch in pre-eclamptic patients. The increased value of the amplitude of mode and stress index was associated with abnormal myocardial adrenergic stimulation. It has induced pQ and QT shortening, increased T/QRS ratio. Fetal cardiac response was determined as gradual reduce of autonomic regulation.

The most considerable negative correlation was determined in pair Apgar score 1 vs T/QRS (R = – 0.48; p < 0.05). The QT interval duration has revealed positive correlation with Apgar score 1 (R = 0.44; p < 0.05). Additional to the conventional CTG analysis evaluation of noninvasive fetal ECG parameters has contributed to better diagnostic of distress.

Fetal noninvasive ECG has showed sensitivity 100.0% and specificity 93.8% and, therefore, was more accurate and convenient method for fetal monitoring than conventional CTG.

Lakhno IV. Novel Possibilities for the Diagnosis of Fetal Distress in Pre-eclamptic Women. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(2):62-66.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can be induced in Wistar rats by over production of nitric oxide (NO). This study evaluated the efficacy of naloxone on the breeding characteristics of rats suffering from nitric oxide induced PCOS.

Twenty-four female Wistar rats(200–250 gm) were kept as virgin under standard conditions. They were divided into four groups (n = 6). One group of the animals received L-arginine (50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 9 days/once a day. Another group was administered naloxone hydrochloride (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) prior to injection of L-arginine. The third group was injected solely naloxone. Control group received saline solution (1 ml/kg, i.p.). After the treatments, all female rats were coupled with the intact males. They were then separated by observation of vaginal plaques; it was considered as day 0 of pregnancy. Eventually, they were operated on days 18 to 19 of the gestation to collect the animals’ ovaries. The samples were studied for pathological evidence. The fetal number and weight along with the fetal crown-rump length (CRL) were measured.

The ovaries obtained from the L-arginine treated group had large cysts with thickened granulosa cell layer in contrast to those of the control or naloxone treated rats (p < 0.0001). The number of fetus though showed a decrease in the L-arginine treated rats (3 ± 1), but the fetal weight or fetal CRL did not change (p > 0.05).

This study may clearly illustrate the polycystic characteristics in the L-arginine treated group. It may particularly display the breeding efficacy of naloxone in rats with PCOS.

Karami M, Lakzaei F, Nadoushan MRJ. Naloxone Breeding Effectiveness in Rat Suffering from Nitric Oxide-induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(2):67-72.

To assess ovarian reserve, in infertile women with genital tuberculosis, planning to undergo in vitro fertilization (IVF) and to compare it with infertile women without genital tuberculosis, planning to undergo IVF.

The study group consisted of 100 women with genital tuberculosis and the control group of 100 women who had no present or past history of tuberculosis. A diagnosis of genital tuberculosis was made based either on the results of tests performed from an endometrial aspiration sample or on histopathologic, hysterosalpingography, hysteroscopy, or laparoscopy findings. Basal ovarian reserve studies included measuring serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and E2 on day 3 of a natural cycle. On the same day, the participants underwent a transvaginal ultrasound examination by means of a two-dimensional 5.0 MHz probe fitted to a Toshiba Famio 5. Ovarian volume and number of antral follicles were estimated for each ovary on the same day of hormonal assessment. Control participants underwent the same tests on day 2 or 3 of their menstrual cycle. Unpaired or independent t-test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.

The present study highlights that women with genital tuberculosis have poor ovarian reserve in comparison to women of similar age without tuberculosis.

It can be concluded that there is no single absolute method of assessing ovarian reserve, but a combination of methods can closely predict the outcome of IVF cycles in women with genital tuberculosis.

Hans PS, Swarankar ML, Garg S, Chowdhary M, Tiwari K. Effect of Tuberculosis on Ovarian Reserve of Patients undergoing IVF. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(2):73-83.

Jesudian G. Single Incision Gasless Laparoscopic Myomectomy. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(2): 84-87.

Vasudeva A, Amin SV, Kadavigere R, Girisha KM, Rai L. Prenatal Diagnosis of Intracranial Tumors and the Difficulties in Prognostication: A Report of Three Cases. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(2):88-91.

Jyothi GS, Shivananjaiah C, Manjula NV, Swarup A. An Interesting Case of Fetal Cardiac Rhabdomyometa in Pregnancy. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(2):92-95.