The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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2016 | January | Volume 17 | Issue 1

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EDITORIAL

Prognostic Significance of Invasive Tumor Front in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

[Year:2016] [Month:January] [Volume:17] [Number:1] [Pages:2] [Pages No:1 - 2]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1793  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

How to cite this article

Patil S, Augustine D, Rao RS. Prognostic Significance of Invasive Tumor Front in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1):1-2.

1,398

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Mahmoud Abu-Ta'a

Adjunctive Systemic Antimicrobial Therapy vs Asepsis in Conjunction with Guided Tissue Regeneration: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial

[Year:2016] [Month:January] [Volume:17] [Number:1] [Pages:4] [Pages No:3 - 6]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1794  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim

This randomized clinical trial compares the usefulness of adjunctive antibiotics, while strict asepsis was followed during periodontal surgery involving guided tissue regeneration.

Materials and methods

Two groups of 20 consecutive patients each with advanced periodontal disease were randomly assigned to treatment. They displayed one angular defect each with an intrabony component ≥3 mm, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level (PAL) ≥7 mm. Test group included 13 males, mean age 60 years, treated with enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft with modified papilla preservation technique, received oral amoxicillin 1 gm, 1 hour preoperatively and 2 gm for 2 days postoperatively. Control group included 10 males, mean age 57 years, treated with EMD and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft with modified papilla preservation technique, received no antibiotics.

Outcome measures were clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, residual periodontal pocket depth (res. PD), gingival recession (GR), bleeding on probing (BOP), adverse events and postoperative complications.

Patients were followed up to 12 months after periodontal surgery involving guided tissue regeneration.

Results

There were no significant differences between both groups for CAL gain, res. PD, GR, BOP nor other clinical parameters, though patients’ subjective perception of postoperative discomfort was significantly smaller in the group receiving antibiotics.

Conclusion

Antibiotics do not provide significant advantages concerning clinical periodontal parameters nor concerning postoperative infections in case of proper asepsis. It does, on the contrary, reduce postoperative discomfort.

Clinical significance

Regarding the results of this study, adjunctive systemic antibiotics in combination with guided tissue regeneration may be useful in reducing postoperative discomfort but may not be helpful for improving periodontal regeneration outcomes.

How to cite this article

Abu-Ta'a M. Adjunctive Systemic Antimicrobial Therapy vs Asepsis in Conjunction with Guided Tissue Regeneration: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1):3-6.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Antoine Berberi, Maissa Aboulhosn, Cordahi Manal

Marginal Bone Remodeling around healing Abutment vs Final Abutment Placement at Second Stage Implant Surgery: A 12-month Randomized Clinical Trial

[Year:2016] [Month:January] [Volume:17] [Number:1] [Pages:9] [Pages No:7 - 15]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1795  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Background

The periimplant bone level has been used as one of the criteria to assess the success of dental implants. It has been documented that the bone supporting two-piece implants undergoes resorption first following the second-stage surgery and later on further to abutment connection and delivery of the final prosthesis.

Objective

The aim of this multicentric randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the crestal bone resorption around internal connection dental implants using a new surgical protocol that aims to respect the biological distance, relying on the benefit of a friction fit connection abutment (test group) compared with implants receiving conventional healing abutments at secondstage surgery (control group).

Materials and methods

A total of partially edentulous patients were consecutively treated at two private clinics, with two adjacent two-stage implants. Three months after the first surgery, one of the implants was randomly allocated to the control group and was uncovered using a healing abutment, while the other implant received a standard final abutment and was seated and tightened to 30 Ncm. At each step of the prosthetic try-in, the abutment in the test group was removed and then retightened to 30 Ncm. Horizontal bone changes were assessed using periapical radiographs immediately after implant placement and at 3 (second-stage surgery), 6, 9 and 12 months follow-up examinations.

Results

At 12 months follow-up, no implant failure was reported in both groups. In the control group, the mean periimplant bone resorption was 0.249 ± 0.362 at M3, 0.773 ± 0.413 at M6, 0.904 ± 0.36 at M9 and 1.047 ± 0.395 at M12. The test group revealed a statistically significant lower marginal bone loss of 20.88% at M3 (0.197 ± 0.262), 22.25% at M6 (0.601 ± 0.386), 24.23% at M9 (0.685 ± 0.341) and 19.2% at M9 (0.846 ± 0.454). The results revealed that bone loss increased over time, with the greatest change in bone loss occurring between 3 and 6 months. Alveolar bone loss was significantly greater in the control condition than the test condition.

Conclusion

The results of this prospective study demonstrated the benefit of placing a prosthetic component with a stable connection at second-stage surgery, in terms of reduced marginal bone remodeling when compared with conventional procedure.

Clinical significance. The use of a stable connection in a healing component during try-in stages prior to final restoration placement leads to less periimplant marginal bone loss.

How to cite this article

Nader N, Aboulhosn M, Berberi A, Manal C, Younes R. Marginal Bone Remodeling around healing Abutment vs Final Abutment Placement at Second Stage Surgery: A 12-month Randomized Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1):7-15.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Ghada A Maghaireh, Hanan AIzraikat, Nessrin A Taha

Satisfaction with Dental Appearance and Attitude toward improving Dental Esthetics among Patients attending a Dental Teaching Center

[Year:2016] [Month:January] [Volume:17] [Number:1] [Pages:6] [Pages No:16 - 21]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1796  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing the satisfaction of dental appearance and attitude toward treatments to improve dental esthetics among patients attending a dental teaching center.

Methods

A questionnaire was used to collect data of four background variables among 450 patients attended a dental teaching center in the city of Irbid in Jordan. The questionnaire enclosed self-reported questions about the appearance of anterior teeth, received esthetic treatment and desired treatment for improving esthetics. Descriptive, multiple logistic regression and Chi-square tests were used for data analysis (p ≤0.05).

Results

The 450 participants consisted of (66.2%) male and (33.8%) female. Of these, 69.3% were satisfied with their dental appearance and 58.0% with the color of their teeth. Esthetic restorations were the most received treatment (39.8%) and whitening of teeth was the most desired treatment (55.3%). The patients’ satisfaction with dental appearance was influenced by teeth color, crowding and receiving whitening (p < 0.05. r = 0.561, r2 = 0.315). The most desired esthetic treatments influenced by the satisfaction with dental appearance were esthetic restorations and orthodontics (p < 0.05. r = 0.223, r2 = 0.05). Significantly more female reported having esthetic restorations and orthodontics (p = 0.008, 0.000) and desired to have orthodontic, crowns or veneers and esthetic restorations (p = 0.000, 0.015, 0.028).

Conclusion

Satisfaction with dental appearance was affected by teeth color, feeling teeth are crowded, desire for esthetic restorations and orthodontic treatment. A high percentage of patients were not satisfied with the color of their teeth.

Clinical Significance

Recognizing the factors that affect patients’ satisfaction with their present dental appearance and attitude toward treatments to improve dental esthetic can guide clinicians to strategies to improve esthetics.

How to cite this article

Maghaireh GA, AIzraikat H, Taha NA. Satisfaction with Dental Appearance and Attitude toward improving Dental Esthetics among Patients attending a Dental Teaching Center. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1):16-21.

2,468

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Mohammadreza Nakhaei, Jalil Ghanbarzadeh, Samin Alavi, Sahar Amirinejad, Hamidreza Rajatihaghi

The Influence of Dental Shade Guides and Experience on the Accuracy of Shade Matching

[Year:2016] [Month:January] [Volume:17] [Number:1] [Pages:5] [Pages No:22 - 26]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1797  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim

There is limited and inconsistent information on some factors affecting visual shade selection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of shade guide type and professional experience on shade-matching results.

Materials and methods

Thirty Dental students (DS), 30 General dentists (GDs) and 30 Dental specialists (S) participated in this study. The participants were asked to match six target tabs using two dental shade guides: Vitapan Classical (VC) and Vitapan 3D-Master (3D). An intraoral spectrophotometer was used for color measurement of target tabs and selected tabs. The color difference (Conflict of interest: NoneE) values between the target tab and selected tab were calculated. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t-test (α = 0.05). Results of the first five best matches for each target tab were expressed as ΔE1 to ΔE5. Differences in the mean values of ΔE1 to ΔE5 between VC and 3D were compared using descriptive statistics.

Results

There were no significant differences among the three participating groups in ΔE values when the 3D was used (p = 0.389). However, significant differences were found with VC (p < 0.001). The ΔE values achieved from the 3D were significantly lower than those from VC for DS and S (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). For each of the first five best matches, the mean ΔE values from the 3D were smaller than the corresponding values of VC.

Conclusion

The type of dental shade guide affected the shadematching results. The level of experience was not found to be an influential factor in shade matching when 3D-Master shade guide was used.

Clinical significance

Compared with Vitapan Classical shade guide, use of the Vitapan 3D-Master shade guide improves shade-matching results.

How to cite this article

Nakhaei M, Ghanbarzadeh J, Amirinejad S, Alavi S, Rajatihaghi H. The Influence of Dental Shade Guides and Experience on the Accuracy of Shade Matching. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1):22-26.

2,466

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Adilson Luiz Ramos, João Paulo De Carli, Maria Salete Sandini Linden, Soluete Oliveira da Silva, Micheline Sandini Trentin, Felipe de Souza Matos

Hepatitis C and Oral Lichen Planus: Evaluation of their Correlation and Risk Factors in a Longitudinal Clinical Study

[Year:2016] [Month:January] [Volume:17] [Number:1] [Pages:5] [Pages No:27 - 31]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1798  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Objective

The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and oral lichen planus (OLP), and further examine the relationship between age, sex, systemic diseases and drugs with the presence of HCV infection or OLP.

Material and methods

A longitudinal clinical study was carried out from March 2010 to December 2013 with 51 individuals, of whom 33 had been presented with HCV (HCV-positive group) and 18 had OLP (OLP-positive group), in Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. Hepatitis C virus-positive individuals who presented lesions compatible with OLP were subjected to an intraoral biopsy for histopathological diagnosis, while OLP-positive individuals underwent anti-HCV serological test for diagnosis of HCV infection. Data on age, sex, systemic diseases and drugs used were recorded for later analysis. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency and by Pearson's Chisquare test, with a 5% significance level (p < 0.05).

Results

Out of the 33 HCV-positive individuals, only one was clinically and pathologically positive for OLP, demonstrating a significant relationship between the presence of HCV infection and the manifestation of OLP (Chi-square test −46.852, p = 7.65 × 10–12). None of the individuals in OLP-positive group had HCV infection. The most common systemic diseases were hypertension and diabetes, and the most commonly used drugs were antihypertensives. However, there was no significant relationship between these factors and the presence of OLP or HCV infection (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

There was a significant relationship between HCV infection and manifestation of OLP. Age, sex, systemic diseases and drugs were not identified as risk factors for the development of these diseases.

Clinical significance

The OLP could serve as an indicative of HCV infection in asymptomatic patients, thus enabling early diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis and hence, a better prognosis.

How to cite this article

De Carli JP, Linden MSS, da Silva SO, Trentin MS, Matos FS, Paranhos LR. Hepatitis C and Oral Lichen Planus: Evaluation of their Correlation and Risk Factors in a Longitudinal Clinical Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1):27-31.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Ariel Adriano Reyes Pacheco, Armando Yukio Saga, Key Fonseca de Lima, Victor Nissen Paese

Stress Distribution Evaluation of the Periodontal Ligament in the Maxillary Canine for Retraction by Different Alveolar Corticotomy Techniques: A Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis

[Year:2016] [Month:January] [Volume:17] [Number:1] [Pages:6] [Pages No:32 - 37]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1799  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim

By using the finite element method (FEM), this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different corticotomy formats on the distribution and magnitude of stress on the periodontal ligament (PDL) during retraction of the maxillary canine.

Materials and methods

A geometric model of the left hemi-jaw was created from computed tomography scan images of a dry human skull and loads were administered during distalization movement of the canine. Three trials were performed: (1) without corticotomy, (2) box-shaped corticotomy and perforations in the cortical bone of the canine (CVC) and (3) CVC and circularshaped corticotomy in the cortical bone of the edentulous space of the first premolar.

Results

There was no difference in stress distribution among the different corticotomy formats.

Conclusion

Different corticotomy formats used to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement did not affect stress distribution in the PDL during canine retraction.

Clinical significance

From a mechanical perspective, the present study showed that the stress distribution on the PDL during canine retraction was similar in all the corticotomy formats. When using the Andrews T2 bracket, the PDL presented the highest levels of stress in the middle third of the PDL, suggesting that the force was near the center of resistance. Also, as bone weakening by corticotomies did not influence stress distribution, the surgical procedure could be simplified to a less aggressive one, focusing more on inflammatory cellular stimulation than on bone resistance. A simpler surgical act could also be performed by most orthodontists in their practices, enhancing postoperative response and reducing patient costs.

How to cite this article

Pacheco AAR, Saga AY, de Lima KF, Paese VN, Tanaka OM. Stress Distribution Evaluation of the Periodontal Ligament in the Maxillary Canine for Retraction by Different Alveolar Corticotomy Techniques: A Threedimensional Finite Element Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1):32-37.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Roshni , Mamta Kaushik, Pallavi Reddy, Pooja Udameshi, Neha Mehra, Aditya Marwaha

The Effect of Coconut Oil pulling on Streptococcus mutans Count in Saliva in Comparison with Chlorhexidine Mouthwash

[Year:2016] [Month:January] [Volume:17] [Number:1] [Pages:4] [Pages No:38 - 41]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1800  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Objectives

Oil pulling is an age-old practice that has gained modern popularity in promoting oral and systemic health. The scientific verification for this practice is insufficient. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of coconut oil pulling on the count of Streptococcus mutans in saliva and to compare its efficacy with that of Chlorhexidine mouthwash: in vivo. The null hypothesis was that coconut oil pulling has no effect on the bacterial count in saliva.

Materials and methods

A randomized controlled study was planned and 60 subjects were selected. The subjects were divided into three groups, Group A: Study Group: Oil pulling, Group B: Study Group: Chlorhexidine, and Group C: Control Group: Distilled water. Group A subjects rinsed mouth with 10 ml of coconut oil for 10 minutes. Group B subjects rinsed mouth with 5 ml Chlorhexidine mouthwash for 1 minute and Group C with 5 ml distilled water for 1 minute in the morning before brushing. Saliva samples were collected and cultured on 1st day and after 2 weeks from all subjects. Colonies were counted to compare the efficacy of coconut oil and Chlorhexidine with distilled water.

Results

Statistically significant reduction in S. mutans count was seen in both the coconut oil pulling and Chlorhexidine group.

Conclusion

Oil pulling can be explored as a safe and effective alternative to Chlorhexidine.

Clinical significance

Edible oil-pulling therapy is natural, safe and has no side effects. Hence, it can be considered as a preventive therapy at home to maintain oral hygiene.

How to cite this article

Kaushik M, Reddy P, Roshni, Udameshi P, Mehra N, Marwaha A. The Effect of Coconut Oil pulling on Streptococcus mutans Count in Saliva in Comparison with Chlorhexidine Mouthwash. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1):38-41.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Sérgio Luiz Pinheiro, Carlos Eduardo da Silveira Bueno, Luís Alexandre Maffei Sartini Paulillo, Carlos Eduardo Fontana, Alexandre Sigrist De Martin

Effect of Endodontic Retreatment on Push-out Bond Strength and Quality of Fiber Postbonding Interface of Resin Cements

[Year:2016] [Month:January] [Volume:17] [Number:1] [Pages:7] [Pages No:42 - 48]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1801  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim

The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of endodontic retreatment on push-out bond strength and dentin interface of two resin cements used for fiber postcementation during endodontic retreatment.

Materials and methods

The root canals of 40 extracted human canines were prepared, obturated and divided into four groups (n = 10). Gutta-percha was partially removed and fiber posts were immediately cemented in groups 1 and 2 using Panavia F with ED Primer and RelyX™ U200, respectively. In groups 3 and 4, the root canal access was sealed with temporary restorative cement, specimens were stored for 30 days, endodontically retreated, and fiber posts were cemented using the resin cements applied to groups 1 and 2, respectively. Push-out tests and scanning electron microscopy analyses of different areas were performed. Data from push-out bond strengths were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's tests.

Results

Higher bond strength values were detected in the apical third for group 1 than group 3 (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in other comparisons between the same third of different groups (p > 0.05). Comparisons between different thirds in the same group revealed a higher bond strength in the apical third for group 1. Scanning electron microscopy showed formation of hybrid layer and extensive resin tags in group 1. No hybrid layer was observed in groups 2 and 4.

Conclusion

Endodontic retreatment had adverse effects on the push-out bond strength and dentinal interface of Panavia F with ED Primer when used for fiber postcementation specifically in the apical third, but not on RelyX™ U200.

Clinical significance

A significant interaction was detected between endodontic retreatment and resin cement, which indicated that endodontic retreatment might adversely affect the push-out bond strength and dentinal interface of Panavia F with ED Primer when used for fiber postcementation specifically in the apical third.

How to cite this article

Pelegrine RA, Paulillo LAMS, Kato AS, Fontana CE, Pinheiro SL, De Martin AS, da Silveira Bueno CE. Effect of Endodontic Retreatment on Push-out Bond Strength and Quality of Fiber Postbonding Interface of Resin Cements. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1):42-48.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Mohammad Y Hajeer, Khaled I Al-Ainawi, Yaser Al-Mdalal

The Effect of Using a Modified Dentoalveolar Distractor on Canine Angulation following Rapid Canine Retraction: A Split-mouth Design Randomized Controlled Trial

[Year:2016] [Month:January] [Volume:17] [Number:1] [Pages:9] [Pages No:49 - 57]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1802  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Background and Objectives

New studies have been published and aimed to retract canines by means of distraction osteogenesis to reduce treatment time. Although a great care has been given to achieve a bodily movement of the canines, a significant amount of tipping of the canines has been observed. This trial aimed to assess the effect of applying a modified distractor on canine angulation.

Materials and methods

The sample of the study consisted of 14 canines in seven patients (16–25 years). After the osteotomy procedure, two distractors were applied (one distractor on each side). After 5 days of a latency period, the two distractors were activated at a rate of 1 mm/day.

Results

There was a significant difference between the two distractors regarding the time required to retract the canines (p = 0.008) and the observed change in canine angulation following retraction (p = 0.028). The change in the overjet and the mandibular plane angle was statistically insignificant. Eight out of 14 distracted canines reacted positively to the pulp vitality tester after 3 months of completion of distraction. There was no clinical sign of discoloration or pulpal pain in any canine.

Conclusion

Within the limits of this study, the modified distractor caused a bodily movement of the canine with a minimal tipping. Further research is required on a long-term basis on a larger group of patients to gain more insight on the observed changes.

How to cite this article

The Effect of Using a Modified Dentoalveolar Distractor on Canine Angulation following Rapid Canine Retraction: A Split-mouth Design Randomized Controlled Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1):49-57.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Caroline Freitas Rafael, Valquíria Quinelato, Carolina Schaffer Morsch, Gustavo DeDeus, Claudia Mendonca Reis

Morphological Analysis of Dentin Surface after Conditioning with Two Different methods: Chemical and Mechanical

[Year:2016] [Month:January] [Volume:17] [Number:1] [Pages:5] [Pages No:58 - 62]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1803  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Background

Alternative pretreatment strategies of dentin and adhesionare constantly being developed and studied with the goal of improving the adhesion of resin restorative materials with this tissue. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the ability of airborne-particle abrasion (APA) with aluminum oxide on dentin to remove the smear layer and the effects produced on the dentin microstructure.

Materials and methods

The phosphoric acid (PA) was used for a comparison. For that, 20 human third molars were randomly allocated into two experimental groups, according to the dentin pretreatment method used: G1 (N = 10) – PA, G2 (N = 10) – APA. For dentin surface analyses, an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) was employed to observe dentin surfaces before and after the procedures. Before pretreatment, the specimens of both groups were smear covered.

Results

After pretreatment, the G1 images revealed dentin tubule orifices opened, enlarged and some erosive effects. (G2) exposed tubule orifices without enlargement, but crack-like alterations were observed on the surfaces. In this way, APA with aluminum oxide was able to remove the smear layer.

Conclusion

The influences of the dentin roughness on adhesion and the consequences on dentin integrity and hardness need further investigations.

Clinical significance

A good conditioning of the dentin before cementation is necessary in order to obtain a satisfactory rehabilitation in adhesive dentistry. So, it is necessary to know all methods to do it.

How to cite this article

Rafael CF, Quinelato V, Morsch CS, DeDeus G, Reis CM. Morphological Analysis of Dentin Surface after Conditioning with Two Different methods: Chemical and Mechanical. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1):58-62.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Sheila Marques Inamassu-Lemes, Acácio Fuziy, André Luiz Ferreira Costa, Paulo Eduardo Guedes Carvalho, Ana Carla Raphaelli Nahás-Scocate

Dentoskeletal and Soft Tissue Effects in the Treatment of Class II Malocclusion with Klammt's Elastic Open Activator

[Year:2016] [Month:January] [Volume:17] [Number:1] [Pages:7] [Pages No:63 - 69]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1804  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dentoskeletal and soft tissue effects resulting from treatment with Klammt's elastic open activator (EOA) functional orthopedic appliance in patients with Class II malocclusion characterized by mandibular deficiency.

Materials and methods

Teleradiographs were evaluated in the lateral aspect of the initial (T1) and final (T2) orthopedic phases for 16 patients with Class II, Division 1 malocclusion. The age range was from 9 to 11.2 years, with a mean age of 9.9 years. The cephalometric points were demarcated, and cephalometric measurements were obtained by the same investigator to avoid interobserver variability.

Results

The EOA promoted increased lower anterior facial height (LAFH), increased effective mandibular length, clockwise rotation of the mandible, retrusion and verticalization of the upper incisors, proclination and protrusion of the lower incisors, extrusion of the upper molars, mesial movement of the lower molars and anterior projection of the lower lip.

Conclusion

Skeletal changes characterized by an increase in mandibular length and dentoalveolar changes with an emphasis on the verticalization and retrusion of the upper incisors, proclination of the lower incisors and mesial positioning of the lower molars were key to improving the occlusal relationship and esthetic facial factors.

Clinical significance

The EOA is well indicated in patients with Class II malocclusion due to mandibular deficiency with increased overbite, proclined upper incisors and verticalized lower incisors.

How to cite this article

Inamassu-Lemes SM, Fuziy A, Costa ALF, Carvalho PEG, Nahás-Scocate ACR. Dentoskeletal and Soft Tissue Effects in the Treatment of Class II Malocclusion with Klammt's Elastic Open Activator. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1):63-69.

Conflicts of Interest

None declared

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

N Malathi, Tina Elizabeth Jacob, Sharada T Rajan, N Manish

Histopathological Parameters predicting Occult Nodal Metastases in Tongue Carcinoma Cases: An Indian Perspective

[Year:2016] [Month:January] [Volume:17] [Number:1] [Pages:8] [Pages No:70 - 77]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1805  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Background

It is a well-established fact that in squamous cell carcinoma cases, the presence of lymph node metastases decreased the 5-year survival rate by 50% and also caused the recurrence of the primary tumor with development of distant metastases. Till date, the predictive factors for occult cervical lymph nodes metastases in cases of tongue squamous cell carcinoma remain inconclusive. Therefore, it is imperative to identify patients who are at the greatest risk for occult cervical metastases. This study was thus performed with the aim to identify various histopathologic parameters of the primary tumor that predict occult nodal metastases.

Materials and methods

The clinicopathologic features of 56 cases of lateral tongue squamous cell carcinoma with cT1NoMo/cT2NoMo as the stage and without prior radiotherapy or chemotherapy were considered. The surgical excision of primary tumor was followed by elective neck dissection. The glossectomy specimen along with the neck nodes were fixed in formalin and 5 ìm thick sections were obtained. The hematoxylin & eosin stained sections were then subjected to microscopic examination. The primary tumor characteristics that were analyzed include tumor grade, invading front, depth of tumor, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion and inflammatory response. The nodes were examined for possible metastases using hematoxylin & eosin followed by cytokeratin immunohistochemistry.

Result

A total of 12 cases were found with positive occult nodal metastases. On performing univariate analysis, the histopathologic parameters that were found to be statistically significant were lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.004) and perineural invasion (p = 0.003) along with a cut-off depth of infiltration more than 5 mm (p = 0.01).

Conclusion

Histopathologic assessment of the primary tumor specimen therefore continues to provide information that is central to guide clinical management, particularly in cases of occult nodal metastases.

Clinical significance

The study highlights the importance of extensive histopathological screening, which holds the key for establishing occult metastases. Pathological upgrading of tumors is possible following histopathological studies similar to the present one. Presence of occult metastases justify neck dissection in these clinically N0 cases. In an Indian setting, histopathological evaluation assumes a bigger role than other expensive and advanced techniques.

How to cite this article

Jacob TE, Malathi N, Rajan ST, Augustine D, Manish N, Patil SG. Histopathological Parameters predicting Occult Nodal Metastases in Tongue Carcinoma Cases: An Indian Perspective. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17(1):70-77.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Manjula Hebbale, Nisha Singh, Amit Mhapuskar, Shams Ul Nisa, Shameeka Thopte

Effectiveness of Aloe Vera and Antioxidant along with Physiotherapy in the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis

[Year:2016] [Month:January] [Volume:17] [Number:1] [Pages:7] [Pages No:78 - 84]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1806  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Background

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a wellestablished precancerous condition affecting the oral mucosa. It is a disease that causes significant morbidity (in terms of loss of mouth function as tissues become rigid and mouth opening becomes difficult) and mortality (when transformation into squamous cell carcinoma occurs).

Aim

The aim of the study is to compare the efficacy of Aloe vera with antioxidant when given along with physiotherapy in the management of OSMF.

Materials and methods

Forty patients presenting with clinical signs and symptoms of OSMF were included for the study after informed consent. Group A included 20 patients who received Aloe vera gel (forever living gel) along with physiotherapy. Group B included 20 patients who received antioxidant capsules twice daily for 3 months along with physiotherapy exercises four times in a day. The following parameters, that is, burning sensation, mouth opening, tongue protrusion and cheek flexibility were recorded at each visit.

Results

Majority of the participant enrolled were in the age range of 30 to 35 years. Improvement in all the parameters was seen with the individuals receiving Aloe vera gel in comparison to antioxidants.

Conclusion

So, Aloe vera being a soothing, simple and safe mode of treatment along with proper habit restriction can be considered to be an effectual protocol in the management of OSMF. The analgesic effects of Aloe vera with the physiotherap exercises provide better results in reducing burning sensation and improving mouth opening, tongue protrusion and cheek flexibility in comparison to antioxidants.

How to cite this article

Singh N, Hebbale M, Mhapuskar A, Ul Nisa S, Thopte S, Singh S. Effectiveness of Aloe Vera and Antioxidant along with Physiotherapy in the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1): 78-84.

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CASE REPORT

BM Rudagi, Reshma Hammannavar, Tejus Jaiswal

Mandibular Arteriovenous Malformation in an 8-year-old Child: A Case Report

[Year:2016] [Month:January] [Volume:17] [Number:1] [Pages:5] [Pages No:85 - 89]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1807  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

How to cite this article

Rudagi BM, Patil S, Hammannavar R, Jaiswal T. Mandibular Arteriovenous Malformation in an 8-year-old Child: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1):85-89.

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REVIEW ARTICLE

Kusai Baroudi, Rushabh Dagli, Namrata Dagli, Shrouq Darwish

Oral Microbial Shift: Factors affecting the Microbiome and Prevention of Oral Disease

[Year:2016] [Month:January] [Volume:17] [Number:1] [Pages:7] [Pages No:90 - 96]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1808  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Background

Recently, oral microbiome has gained popularity among scientists. Microorganisms are no longer considered as disease-producing pathogens, rather they are now considered as partners of human in maintaining health. Since ancient times, changes in our lifestyle have affected our microbiome and the balance with their human host has been perturbed. The present review includes the description about factors affecting oral microbiome and establishing symbiosis with the human host so that they contribute in maintaining health rather than eliciting diseases.

Materials and methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed on databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed and Medline until April 2015. First, articles were selected on the basis of their titles and then abstracts were screened and unwanted articles were excluded. Articles obtained from all the databases were checked and duplicate articles were removed. Articles obtained from various databases: PubMed = 35, Google Scholar = 8. Out of these 43 articles, total 29 articles were finally selected for this review.

Results

The published literature suggests that the modern oral microbiome is less biodiverse, and possess more pathogenic bacterial species and lesser beneficial bacteria. The possible factors mainly responsible for this shift in microbiome were found to be change in diet, industrial revolution and indiscriminate use of antibiotics.

Conclusion

Various changes in lifestyles have affected oral microbiome adversely and perturb the symbiosis between the microbiome and their hosts. The present oral microbiome is found to be less diverse and more pathogenic. The present review may be helpful in understanding the relationship between the microbiome and their human hosts so that microbiome contributes in maintaining healthy state of the body.

How to cite this article

Dagli N, Dagli R, Darwish S, Baroudi K. Oral Microbial Shift: Factors affecting the Microbiome and Prevention of Oral Disease. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1):90-96.

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