Aim: To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of dopamine incorporated total-etch adhesive against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Materials and methods: S. mutans were cultured and inoculated in Müeller–Hinton agar plates. Round wells of around 6 mm diameter were created in the center of the agar plates. The experimental groups consisted of agents as follows: group I (DOPA 3%), group II (DOPA 3% + Bonding agent), group III (Bonding agent) and group IV (no material). For each group, 12 plates were used to evaluate the zone of inhibition using agar well diffusion method. All the experimental agents were added to respective wells in agar plates and incubated at 37° C for 24 hours. The diameter of a zone of inhibition around each well was recorded. Results were tabulated and analyzed statistically using the Kruskal–Wallis test. and Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: Based on the mean diameters, group II showed the maximum zone of inhibition, and it exhibited statistically higher antibacterial activity than group III and group I (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, dopamine incorporated total-etch adhesive system exhibited significantly higher antibacterial activity than conventional adhesive system against S. mutans. Clinical significance: Dopamine can be a promising antibacterial additive to dental adhesive systems to improve both biological seal and bond strength at the resin-dentin interface.

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the bond strength and the mode of failure of a glass fibre-post luted using two different adhesives. Materials and methods: Fourty human permanent maxillary central incisors were decoronated, endodontically treated, divided into two groups (n = 20), after post space preparation; group I: clear post RO (Dispodent) and Variolink II (Ivoclar Vivadent); group II: clear post RO (Dispodent) and Multilink N(Ivoclar Vivadent). The roots were sectioned to a thickness of 2 ± 0.5. Universal testing machine was used for testing the push-out bond strength. By dividing bond value recorded in Newton (N) and the area of bonded interface, the bond strength was derived in megapascal (MPa). After evaluating the push-out strength, the samples were analysed using a stereomicroscope to check the mode of failure. Results: Group I showed significantly higher push-out bond strength than Group II. Adhesive bond failure between dentin and luting cement and post and was most commonly observed Conclusion: Group I utilising Variolink II as luting cement which employs total etch technique had higher mean push-out bond strength. Bond failure between cement-dentin interface followed by post cement interface was observed as the most common type of failure, impling difficulty in a post cement dentin interface bond. Clinical significance: The success of endodontic treatment depends not only on elimination of pulpal/periradicular pathology but also on post-endodontic management involving the maintenance of extensively damaged tooth in a functional state. In an attempt to prevent the occurance of catastrophic events like vertical root fracture associated with metal posts, fibre reinforced glass posts were introduced, which mimic dentin in relation to elastic modulus. In addition to this, improvements made in adhesive techniques further led to the popularity of these fibre reinforced posts.

Digital imprint and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems offer a wide range of benefits compared to traditional techniques. The introduction of intraoral scanners has radically changed the way in which the dentists approach the restorative workflow. The constant evolution of the hardware and software in relation to this has made a digital end-to-end restorative solutions a reality. Precision, accuracy and hassle-free procedures have made these systems user-friendly and patient-friendly. There are many advantages in using this advanced technology. This article will provide the information on digital dental impression and clinical application of the same.

Objectives: To determine the influence of TF adaptive motion on fatigue resistance and efficacy of gutta-percha removal by retreatment files. Materials and methods: A total of 180 extracted single rooted natural human lower premolar teeth were used. Root canal preparations were completed using Mtwo files and obturated using a thermoplastic technique. The teeth were randomly divided into six groups. Three different retreatment file systems (D race, ProTaper universal retreatment, and TF adaptive files) employed with two different rotary motion of continuous and TF adaptive motion. Efficacy of gutta-percha removal was estimated using radiograph and retreatment files were assessed for deformation or fracture using an operating microscope (1.6x and 2.5x magnification). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square tests (p < 0.05) in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: ProTaper retreatment files took significantly less time to reach working length. ProTaper retreatment files were able to delete gutta-percha from more number of samples. Both D race and TF adaptive files exhibited fracture. Conclusion: TF adaptive motion did not improve the performance of the retreatment files.

Aim: The study was designed to evaluate and compare the amount of apical debris extruded from the root canals using two different file systems Wave One (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and One Shape^® (Micro-Mega, France) when they were used under different kinematics, i.e., continuous and reciprocating motions. Materials and methods: A total of fourty single-rooted human teeth with a single root canal and apical foramen were selected and shaped with wave one and one shape file system. The debris was collected in an empty vial. The dry weight of extruded debris was weighed in an electronic balance by subtracting the pre-instrumented weight from post instrumented weight. Statistical analysis: The mean weights of extruded debris were statistically analyzed using a paired t-test. Result: The use of these file systems (Wave One and One Shape^®) in reciprocating motion resulted in more debris extrusion then when the continuous motion was used. The mean debris extruded by both one shape and wave one file systems were equal. Conclusion: Use of reciprocating motion file system causes a greater extrusion of apical debris out of apical foramen.

Objective: The objectives of the present study were to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength (SBS), and the flexural strength (FS) of zirconia reinforced glass ionomer (Zirconomer) and two conventional glass ionomer cements commonly used in atraumatic restorative treatment (ART). Materials and methods: The bond sites for SBS testing were prepared on enamel (n = 45) and dentine (n = 45) on caries free, extracted human permanent molars. The specimens were randomly divided into six groups (n = 15) for each restorative material and site (dentine or enamel) tested. They were loaded in an Instron Universal Testing Machine (UTM) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min for SBS and 1.0 mm/min for the three-point FS test until failure occurred. Mode of failure was assessed using stereomicroscope (10×). Results: Ketac™ Molar (KM) demonstrated the highest mean SBS to enamel and significantly higher mean SBS to dentin in comparison with the other groups. Zirconomer and Fuji IX GP Extra (FJ) showed comparable SBS to enamel and dentin. KM also demonstrated significantly higher FS in comparison to the other groups. Significance: Within the limitations of the present study, Zirconia reinforced glass ionomer cement (GIC) can be an alternative to conventional GICs for application in ART. However, further studies are required to prove its clinical performance in the clinical scenario.

Supernumerary teeth also known as hyperdontia is a developmental abnormality characterized by the presence of extra teeth in addition to teeth of the normal eruption series. Non-syndromic supernumerary teeth have a site predilection for the mandibular premolar region. Herein, we report a rare case of non-syndromic, bilaterally transposed maxillary supernumerary premolar in a 29-year-old male patient. Clinical considerations and various treatment options are also discussed.

Taurodontism is a developmental disturbance of a tooth that lacks constriction at the level of the cementoenamel junction and is characterized by unusually large pulp chambers. This enlarged pulp chamber causes the pulpal floor to be present more apically and bifurcation or trifurcation of the roots. Endodontic therapy of taurodontic tooth always poses a challenging task for clinicians. Moreover, post-endodontic restoration of the tooth with gross destruction should be handled judiciously. This is the first paper which describes the endodontic management of mesotaurodontic tooth with endocrown.