There are many diseases such as ectodermal dysplasia or oligodontia that lead to complete or partial anodontia in small children. Traumatic injuries commonly result in loss of one or more teeth in children . Such cases are usually rehabilitated by removable prosthesis which have to be refabricated from time to time to incorporate changes due to growth. Thus, it would be desirable to restore the dentition by means of implants in growing children. For this purpose it is important for a clinician to understand the amount and direction of the impending growth in a young child and how it is going to influence the ultimate position of the placed implant in the arch. This review paper focuses on the dilemma of when and where it could be possible to place implants for the growing child.

For the past many years intensive research has been conducted on various chemical agents, as adjunct to mechanical plaque control measures, for the reduction of oral diseases. Various chemical formulations are available for control of plaque which is the causative factor in gingivitis. Extensive amount of literature is present, providing proof of efficacy of chlorhexidine in plaque control. After three decades of use by the dental profession, chlorhexidine is still recognized as the gold standard against which other antiplaque and antigingivitis agents are measured. It is both bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal in nature owing to different concentrations. Chlorhexidine is available in different forms like gels, sprays, mouth rinses etc. It appears to be mainly useful in situations where oral hygiene is difficult to maintain.

Study was conducted to determine prevalence of gingivitis amongst school going children between 5-13 years old around sub-urban area of Bhopal city.

A total of 928 children (510 boys and 418 girls of age 5-13 years were examined). Out of 928 children 738 showed gingivitis.

Prevalence of gingivitis was seen more in boys than girls. Age wise prevalence was evident amongst the children who were between the ages of 5-7 years.

This indicates the need for community health activities and awareness program.

This study aimed to evaluate levels of parental satisfaction with dental care at a hospital based pediatric dental clinic.

Cross sectional questionnaire-based survey of 115 parents/guardians of children attending a pediatric dental clinic. Demographic information collected in a self-administered modified version of the Dental Visit Satisfaction Scale questionnaire. Overall level of satisfaction with care measured on a response scale ranging from very satisfied to not satisfied. Parents’ opinions regarding specific aspects of the visit also assessed.

Majority (82%) of respondents were female. 48.8% were between the ages 31-40. 52% participants had at least secondary school education. 90 % were very satisfied with their child's treatment. Parents were most satisfied with the explanation of their child's problem and perceived level of competency of the dentist.

Levels of satisfaction with this service were high and seem to be related primarily to the quality of dentist-patient interaction.

To describe the caries prevalence and treatment needs of 5 and 12 year old school children in urban and rural areas of Guntur.

A multi stage random sampling was used to select the sample; survey was conducted among 800 children of 5 and 12 year old in government and private schools from rural and urban areas of Guntur.

The caries prevalence of 5 year olds was 33.25% (urban 32.5% and; rural 34%) and mean dmft was 0.83±1.5 (urban 0.71 and rural 0.95). The caries prevalence of 12 year olds was 25.75% (urban 31.5% and rural 20%) and mean dmft was0.41±0.89 (urban 0.54 and rural 0.28).

Caries prevalence was greater in deciduous teeth of 5 year old children than that in permanent dentition of 12 year old children. Among 12 year olds caries prevalence was greater in urban subjects than rural subjects. There is a huge unmet treatment need for dental caries. There is a definite need to bring awareness and motivation in these children to undergo preventive and curative treatments in order to improve their oral health.

Oral health is an integral part of general health. It has long been recognized that preventive oral care is important in the prevention of oral diseases, which also has significant impact on general health.

This is a cross sectional survey, with a sample size of 1011 (826 males and 185 females) prisoners.

Inmates belong to the age range of 18-80 years, with the mean age of 37.3±11.8 years. Overall about (25%) inmates had Para functional habits. Most common Para functional habit (22.6%) was bruxism‥ In hard core criminals Para functional habits (bruxism) was (18.1%) significantly higher (p<0.001) than in pity offenders (4.5%).

It can be concluded that nature of crime and duration of stay in prison was significantly associated with the development of parafunctional habits and also with worsened periodontal condition.

The study was conducted for the first time in Ghaziabad city and its adjoining areas to determine the prevalence and severity of dental caries in 3-15 year old children in the area and to know the effect of age, socioeconomic status, diet, oral hygiene practices and attitude towards dental awareness to caries prevalence and severity in different dentitions.

1500 children, 500 each from primary, mixed and permanent dentition were examined using WHO 1997 guidelines. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed.

The overall caries prevalence in 3-15 year old population in Ghaziabad city and adjoining areas determined was 51.46%.

It was also seen that attitude towards age, dental awareness and socioeconomic status were significantly related to caries prevalence and severity in different dentitions and the global goal of oral health by 2000 has been achieved by this population.

Various national and international agencies have shown their concern towards proper handling, treatment and disposal of biomedical waste, as they may cause serious infectious diseases like hepatitis, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. Most of the hospitals do not have effective disposal system leading to complex problem of hygiene and sanitation in hospitals. The use of disposable items has reduced the rate of infection but at the same time has increased the volume of the waste which needs to be disposed properly. Effective waste disposal can be achieved only by considering the various components of the waste management system and this should be made an integral part of hospital planning and designing.

Periodontal disease results in destruction of the attachment apparatus causing uneven distribution of occlusal forces resulting in additional damage to the alveolar bone. Occlusal adjustment, periodontal and restorative dentistry may alter occlusal relationship and redirect forces thereby reducing traumatism. This may result in teeth becoming firmer. Increasing the support of the tooth may also increase their firmness; the device used for such treatment is the Splint. Splinting teeth to each other allows weakened teeth to gain support from neighbouring ones. When used to connect periodontally compromised teeth, splinting can increase patient comfort during chewing

Internal root resorption is an unusual condition of a tooth when the dentin and pulpal walls begin to resorb centrally within the root canal.

A case of internal resorption with buccal perforation was found in a maxillary central incisor. As there was extensive lesion and continuous exudation, envelope flap surgery was suggested. The apical third was obturated with gutta-percha, and the perforated lesion was repaired with mineral trioxide aggregate. Thermo plasticized gutta-percha was filled in the residual canal space and composite resin was used to restore the coronal cavity. The symptoms and signs ceased, and the results were satisfactory at 2-year follow-up.